IPO registrations (S-1, F-1) · Underwriters

Wit Capital

Deals
160 priced offerings as an underwriter, 24 as lead manager or representative; 156 initial public offerings
Proceeds of those deals
$21,368,413,661 ($1,910,514,669 as lead)
Years
1997–2001
Named in
236 prospectuses and registration statements in all, including offerings not yet priced or withdrawn

Deals by year

YearDealsAs leadProceeds of deals
200151$2,082,000,000
20005710$7,490,492,535
19998212$11,094,111,958
1998151$676,784,168
199710$25,025,000

Deals 160

PricedCompanyRolePriceRangeSharesProceedsListingKindSyndicateProspectus
2001-07-31HPL TECHNOLOGIES INC CALead$11.006,000,000$66,000,000Nasdaq HPLAIPO9424B4 ↗
2001-07-19ACCENTURE LTD D0Syndicate$14.50115,000,000$1,667,500,000NYSE ACNIPO29424B4 ↗
2001-06-28Peraso Inc. CASyndicate$10.005,000,000$50,000,000Nasdaq MOSYIPO19424B1 ↗
2001-06-08BREAD FINANCIAL HOLDINGS, INC. OHSyndicate$12.0013,000,000$156,000,000NYSE ADSIPO26424B1 ↗
2001-03-09OPSWARE INC CASyndicate$5.7025,000,000$142,500,000Nasdaq LDCLIPO11424B4 ↗
2000-12-08STEWART W P & CO LTD NYSyndicate$20.0011,204,015$224,080,300NYSE WPLIPO12424B4 ↗
2000-11-21ALLIANCE FIBER OPTIC PRODUCTS INC CASyndicate$11.004,500,000$49,500,000Nasdaq AFOPIPO4424B4 ↗
2000-11-17PRECISE SOFTWARE SOLUTIONS LTDLead$26.385,183,884$136,724,941Nasdaq PRSEOffering4424B4 ↗
2000-11-03UTi WORLDWIDE INC CASyndicate$15.004,700,000$70,500,000Nasdaq UTIWOffering20424B1 ↗
2000-11-03OPTICAL COMMUNICATION PRODUCTS INC CALead$11.0010,500,000$115,500,000Nasdaq OCPIIPO4424B4 ↗
2000-10-20WIPRO LTDSyndicate$41.382,750,000$113,781,250NYSE WITIPO7424B4 ↗
2000-09-29INTERSHOP COMMUNICATIONS AG CASyndicate$32.093,350,000$107,501,500Nasdaq ISHPIPO15424B1 ↗
2000-09-27ASE Technology Holding Co., Ltd.Syndicate$7.0020,000,000$140,000,000NYSE ASXIPO10424B4 ↗
2000-09-26COSINE COMMUNICATIONS INC CASyndicate$23.0010,000,000$230,000,000Nasdaq COSNIPO14424B4 ↗
2000-08-18INTEGRATED TELECOM EXPRESS INC/ CA CALead$18.005,600,000$100,800,000Nasdaq ITXIIPO17424B4 ↗
2000-08-15LEXAR MEDIA INC CASyndicate$8.006,500,000$52,000,000Nasdaq LEXRIPO4424B4 ↗
2000-08-15VIEWLOCITY INC GASyndicate$7.005,000,000$35,000,000Nasdaq SYNQIPO27424B1 ↗
2000-08-10EVOLVE SOFTWARE INC CALead$9.005,000,000$45,000,000Nasdaq EVLVIPO3424B4 ↗
2000-08-09RADVIEW SOFTWARE LTD L3Lead$10.004,000,000$40,000,000IPO38424B1 ↗
2000-08-09PHARSIGHT CORP CASyndicate$10.003,000,000$30,000,000IPO38424B4 ↗
2000-08-08P10 Industries, Inc. TXSyndicate$17.008,000,000$136,000,000Nasdaq ACPWIPO12424B4 ↗
2000-08-03RESONATE INC CASyndicate$21.004,000,000$84,000,000Nasdaq RSNTIPO11424B4 ↗
2000-08-01CONVERGENT GROUP CORP COSyndicate$7.005,000,000$35,000,000Nasdaq CVGPIPO3424B1 ↗
2000-07-28WEBEX COMMUNICATIONS INC CALead$14.003,500,000$49,000,000Nasdaq WEBXIPO11424B4 ↗
2000-07-28VALICERT INC CASyndicate$10.004,000,000$40,000,000IPO4424B4 ↗
2000-07-25BLUE MARTINI SOFTWARE INC CASyndicate$20.007,500,000$150,000,000Nasdaq BLUEIPO10424B1 ↗
2000-07-25INTERLAND INC GASyndicate$12.005,000,000$60,000,000Nasdaq ILNDIPO24424B1 ↗
2000-07-21TALARIAN CORP CALead$16.004,200,000$67,200,000Nasdaq TALRIPO5424B4 ↗
2000-07-19Support.com, Inc. DESyndicate$14.004,250,000$59,500,000IPO4424B1 ↗
2000-07-11AXCELIS TECHNOLOGIES INC MASyndicate$22.0015,500,000$341,000,000Nasdaq ACLSIPO19424B4 ↗
2000-06-30EXFO INC. A8Syndicate$26.00-$182,000,000Nasdaq EXFOIPO4424B4 ↗
2000-06-30STORAGENETWORKS INC MASyndicate$27.009,000,000$243,000,000Nasdaq STORIPO18424B1 ↗
2000-06-29Capstone Energy Plus, Inc. CASyndicate$16.009,090,909$145,454,544Nasdaq CPSTIPO12424B1 ↗
2000-06-29VIRAGE INC CALead$11.003,500,000$38,500,000Nasdaq VRGEIPO3424B4 ↗
2000-06-27MARVELL TECHNOLOGY GROUP LTD D0Syndicate$15.006,000,000$90,000,000Nasdaq MRVLIPO14424B4 ↗
2000-06-15REDIFF COM INDIA LTD K7Syndicate$12.004,600,000$55,200,000Nasdaq REDFIPO10424B4 ↗
2000-05-18IBEAM BROADCASTING CORP CASyndicate$10.0011,000,000$110,000,000Nasdaq IBEMIPO17424B4 ↗
2000-05-12SEQUOIA SOFTWARE CORP MDLead$8.004,200,000$33,600,000Nasdaq SQSWIPO14424B4 ↗
2000-04-28SEEBEYOND TECHNOLOGY CORP CASyndicate$12.004,000,000$48,000,000Nasdaq STCSIPO14424B1 ↗
2000-04-20EMBARCADERO TECHNOLOGIES INC CASyndicate$10.004,200,000$42,000,000IPO29424B4 ↗
2000-04-13NUANCE COMMUNICATIONS CASyndicate$17.004,500,000$76,500,000Nasdaq NUANIPO15424B4 ↗
2000-04-07Purple Communications, Inc. CASyndicate$16.0010,000,000$160,000,000Nasdaq GOAMIPO25424B1 ↗
2000-04-06I3 MOBILE INC CTSyndicate$16.005,100,000$81,600,000Nasdaq IIIMIPO21424B1 ↗
2000-03-31ARROWPOINT COMMUNICATIONS INC MASyndicate$34.005,000,000$170,000,000Nasdaq ARPTIPO11424B1 ↗
2000-03-31CONVERSANT, INC. TXSyndicate$19.004,000,000$76,000,000Nasdaq VCLKIPO14424B1 ↗
2000-03-29DIRECTV BROADBAND INC CALead$12.0011,000,000$132,000,000Nasdaq TLCTIPO16424B4 ↗
2000-03-28WEBSENSE INC CASyndicate$18.004,000,000$72,000,000Nasdaq WBSNIPO3424B4 ↗
2000-03-24EPRISE CORP MASyndicate$15.004,000,000$60,000,000Nasdaq EPRSIPO3424B1 ↗
2000-03-24VIASYSTEMS GROUP INC MOSyndicate$21.0044,000,000$924,000,000NYSE VGIPO11424B4 ↗
2000-03-24DIGITAL LIGHTHOUSE CORP COSyndicate$12.004,500,000$54,000,000Nasdaq ETINIPO20424B4 ↗
2000-03-21SCO GROUP INC UTSyndicate$14.005,000,000$70,000,000Nasdaq CALDIPO9424B1 ↗
2000-03-17UPROAR INC NYSyndicate$8.522,500,000$21,300,000Nasdaq UPROIPO7424B4 ↗
2000-03-16ACTIVCARD SA I0Syndicate$76.504,000,000$306,000,000Nasdaq ACTIIPO10424B1 ↗
2000-03-14SIELOX INC NJSyndicate$17.005,000,000$85,000,000Nasdaq FAIMIPO20424B4 ↗
2000-03-01MATRIXONE INC MASyndicate$25.005,000,000$125,000,000Nasdaq MONEIPO10424B1 ↗
2000-02-18KEYNOTE SYSTEMS INC CASyndicate$105.005,750,000$603,750,000Nasdaq KEYNIPO6424B4 ↗
2000-02-10ORGANIC INC CASyndicate$20.005,500,000$110,000,000Nasdaq OGNCIPO14424B4 ↗
2000-02-10WITNESS SYSTEMS INC GASyndicate$20.003,800,000$76,000,000Nasdaq WITSIPO16424B1 ↗
2000-02-08FN ESTATE INC PASyndicate$12.004,000,000$48,000,000Nasdaq FSSTIPO19424B4 ↗
2000-02-01TURNSTONE SYSTEMS INC CASyndicate$29.003,000,000$87,000,000Nasdaq TSTNIPO15424B4 ↗
2000-01-28PACKAGING CORP OF AMERICA ILSyndicate$12.0046,250,000$555,000,000NYSE PKGIPO19424B4 ↗
2000-01-28L90 INC CASyndicate$15.006,500,000$97,500,000Nasdaq LNTYIPO17424B1 ↗
1999-12-17MAXYGEN INC CASyndicate$16.006,000,000$96,000,000Nasdaq MAXYIPO14424B4 ↗
1999-12-15TRITEL INC MSSyndicate$18.009,375,000$168,750,000Nasdaq TTELIPO18424B4 ↗
1999-12-13EL SITIO INCLead$16.008,200,000$131,200,000Nasdaq LCTOIPO12424B4 ↗
1999-12-10FREEMARKETS INC PALead$48.003,600,000$172,800,000Nasdaq FMKTIPO14424B1 ↗
1999-11-19EXACTIS COM INC COSyndicate$14.003,800,000$53,200,000Nasdaq XACTIPO17424B4 ↗
1999-11-19LIFEMINDERS INC VASyndicate$14.004,200,000$58,800,000Nasdaq LFMNIPO19424B1 ↗
1999-11-09CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS, INC. /MO/ CTSyndicate$19.00170,000,000$3,230,000,000Nasdaq CHTRIPO42424B4 ↗
1999-11-05COBALT NETWORKS INC CASyndicate$22.005,000,000$110,000,000Nasdaq COBTIPO16424B4 ↗
1999-11-05WEBVAN GROUP INC CASyndicate$15.0025,000,000$375,000,000Nasdaq WBVNIPO24424B1 ↗
1999-11-04TICKETS COM INC CALead$12.50$23.00–$26.006,700,000$83,750,000Nasdaq TIXXIPO14424B4 ↗
1999-10-29ALLIED RISER COMMUNICATIONS CORP TXSyndicate$18.0012,600,000$283,500,000Nasdaq ARCCIPO15424B1 ↗
1999-10-28DATA RETURN CORP TXSyndicate$13.006,250,000$81,250,000Nasdaq DRTNIPO4424B4 ↗
1999-10-22NAVISITE LLC MASyndicate$14.005,500,000$77,000,000Nasdaq NAVIIPO8424B1 ↗
1999-10-20RSTAR CORP CASyndicate$11.009,000,000$99,000,000Nasdaq IZAPIPO12424B4 ↗
1999-10-20BSQUARE CORP /WA WASyndicate$15.004,000,000$60,000,000Nasdaq BSQRIPO13424B4 ↗
1999-10-19WORLD WRESTLING ENTERTAINMENT, LLC CTSyndicate$17.0010,000,000$170,000,000Nasdaq WWFEIPO30424B1 ↗
1999-10-08TRIZETTO GROUP INC CASyndicate$9.004,200,000$37,800,000Nasdaq TZIXIPO22424B4 ↗
1999-10-07PARAGON FINANCIAL CORP CASyndicate$16.006,000,000$96,000,000Nasdaq PLRXIPO18424B4 ↗
1999-10-07CALICO COMMERCE INC/ CASyndicate$14.004,000,000$56,000,000Nasdaq CLICIPO16424B4 ↗
1999-09-29NETWORK COMMERCE INC WASyndicate$12.007,250,000$87,000,000Nasdaq SPNWIPO4424B4 ↗
1999-09-28MEDSCAPE INC NYSyndicate$8.006,750,000$53,664,000Nasdaq MSCPIPO4424B4 ↗
1999-09-24NETZERO INC CALead$16.0010,000,000$160,000,000Nasdaq NZROIPO18424B4 ↗
1999-09-24eMusic.com, Inc. NYSyndicate$16.005,750,000$92,000,000Nasdaq EMUSOffering13424B1 ↗
1999-09-23ASHFORD COM INC TXSyndicate$13.006,250,000$81,250,000Nasdaq ASFDIPO16424B4 ↗
1999-09-22SWK Holdings Corp TXLead$15.003,300,000$49,500,000Nasdaq KANAIPO11424B4 ↗
1999-09-16GARDEN COM INC TXSyndicate$12.004,100,000$49,200,000Nasdaq GDENIPO19424B4 ↗
1999-08-20LOOKSMART LTD CASyndicate$12.007,700,000$92,400,000Nasdaq LOOKIPO16424B1 ↗
1999-08-20MYPOINTS COM INC CASyndicate$8.005,000,000$40,000,000Nasdaq MYPTIPO4424B4 ↗
1999-08-11BLOCKBUSTER INC TXSyndicate$15.0031,000,000$465,000,000NYSE BBIIPO27424B4 ↗
1999-08-05COBALT GROUP INC WASyndicate$11.004,500,000$49,500,000Nasdaq CBLTIPO13424B4 ↗
1999-08-05Actua Corp PASyndicate$12.0014,900,000$136,800,000Nasdaq ICGEIPO24424B1 ↗
1999-08-04SPLITROCK SERVICES INC TXSyndicate$10.009,000,000$90,000,000Nasdaq SPLTIPO30424B1 ↗
1999-07-30WATCHGUARD TECHNOLOGIES INC WASyndicate$13.003,500,000$45,500,000Nasdaq WGRDIPO18424B4 ↗
1999-07-30NET2PHONE INC NJSyndicate$3.335,400,000$17,982,000Nasdaq NTOPIPO14424B1 ↗
1999-07-28QUOKKA SPORTS INC CASyndicate$12.005,000,000$60,000,000Nasdaq QKKAIPO11424B4 ↗
1999-07-26ALLSCRIPTS INC /IL ILLead$16.002,977,483$47,639,728Nasdaq MDRXIPO13424B4 ↗
1999-07-21HOOVERS INC TXSyndicate$2.883,250,000$9,360,000Nasdaq HOOVIPO8424B4 ↗
1999-07-21ART TECHNOLOGY GROUP INC MASyndicate$12.005,000,000$60,000,000Nasdaq ARTGIPO17424B4 ↗
1999-07-20CONVERGENT COMMUNICATIONS INC /CO COSyndicate$15.008,400,000$126,000,000Nasdaq CONVIPO16424B4 ↗
1999-07-20ENGAGE INC MASyndicate$15.006,000,000$90,000,000Nasdaq ENGAIPO12424B4 ↗
1999-07-16AUDIBLE INC NJSyndicate$9.004,000,000$36,000,000Nasdaq ADBLIPO3424B1 ↗
1999-07-14TIBCO SOFTWARE INC CASyndicate$15.007,300,000$109,500,000Nasdaq TIBXIPO15424B4 ↗
1999-07-09LQ CORP INC NYSyndicate$15.004,200,000$63,000,000Nasdaq LQIDIPO10424B4 ↗
1999-07-08INTERLIANT INC NYSyndicate$10.007,000,000$70,000,000Nasdaq INITIPO15424B4 ↗
1999-06-30NETWORK PLUS CORP MASyndicate$16.008,000,000$128,000,000Nasdaq NPLSIPO5424B4 ↗
1999-06-25US SEARCH CORP COM CALead$9.006,000,000$54,000,000Nasdaq SRCHIPO26424B1 ↗
1999-06-25STAMPS.COM INC CASyndicate$11.005,000,000$55,000,000Nasdaq STMPIPO6424B4 ↗
1999-06-25JUNIPER NETWORKS INC CASyndicate$34.004,800,000$163,200,000Nasdaq JNPRIPO18424B1 ↗
1999-06-23TD WATERHOUSE GROUP INC NYSyndicate$24.0042,000,000$1,008,000,000TSX TWEIPO37424B1 ↗
1999-06-18EASYLINK SERVICES CORP NJSyndicate$7.006,850,000$47,950,000Nasdaq MAILIPO6424B4 ↗
1999-06-18VIANT CORP MASyndicate$16.003,000,000$48,000,000Nasdaq VIANIPO4424B1 ↗
1999-06-18STUDENT ADVANTAGE INC MASyndicate$8.006,000,000$48,000,000Nasdaq STADIPO4424B4 ↗
1999-06-16CAREINSITE INC NJLead$18.005,650,000$101,700,000Nasdaq CARIIPO3424B4 ↗
1999-06-08DRKOOP COM INC CASyndicate$9.009,375,000$84,375,000Nasdaq KOOPIPO25424B4 ↗
1999-06-08BACKWEB TECHNOLOGIES LTD CASyndicate$1.515,500,000$8,305,000Nasdaq BWEBIPO5424B4 ↗
1999-06-04SOUNDVIEW TECHNOLOGY GROUP INC CTLead$9.007,600,000$68,400,000Nasdaq WITCIPO25424B1 ↗
1999-05-27INET TECHNOLOGIES INC TXSyndicate$1.675,750,000$9,602,500Nasdaq INTIIPO12424B4 ↗
1999-05-26JUNO ONLINE SERVICES INC CASyndicate$13.006,500,000$84,500,000Nasdaq JWEBIPO7424B4 ↗
1999-05-26STARMEDIA NETWORK INC NYSyndicate$15.007,000,000$105,000,000Nasdaq STRMIPO17424B4 ↗
1999-05-26BARNESANDNOBLE COM INC NYSyndicate$4.3625,000,000$109,000,000Nasdaq BNBNIPO25424B4 ↗
1999-05-20ETOYS INC CASyndicate$20.008,320,000$166,400,000Nasdaq ETYSIPO10424B4 ↗
1999-05-20ARDENT COMMUNICATIONS INC VASyndicate$19.006,000,000$114,000,000Nasdaq CAISIPO24424B4 ↗
1999-05-19ONESOURCE INFORMATION SERVICES INC MASyndicate$12.003,636,000$43,632,000Nasdaq ONESIPO24424B4 ↗
1999-05-17BANKRATE INC FLSyndicate$13.003,500,000$45,500,000Nasdaq ILIFIPO22424B1 ↗
1999-05-14ALLOY INC NYSyndicate$15.003,700,000$55,500,000Nasdaq ALOYIPO9424B1 ↗
1999-05-05FLYCAST COMMUNICATIONS CORP CASyndicate$25.003,000,000$75,000,000Nasdaq FCSTIPO4424B4 ↗
1999-05-04MAPQUEST COM INC PASyndicate$15.004,600,000$69,000,000Nasdaq MQSTIPO6424B4 ↗
1999-04-30APPLIEDTHEORY CORP NYLead$16.004,500,000$72,000,000Nasdaq ATHYIPO29424B4 ↗
1999-04-30HEARME CALead$18.003,900,000$70,200,000Nasdaq MPTHIPO7424B4 ↗
1999-04-28HEIDRICK & STRUGGLES INTERNATIONAL INC ILSyndicate$14.004,200,000$58,800,000Nasdaq HSIIIPO17424B4 ↗
1999-04-09DELIA S CORP NYSyndicate$22.004,200,000$92,400,000Nasdaq TURFIPO10424B1 ↗
1999-04-06PLX TECHNOLOGY INC CASyndicate$9.003,300,000$29,700,000Nasdaq PLXTIPO14424B4 ↗
1999-03-26ABOUT, INC. NYLead$25.003,000,000$75,000,000Nasdaq MINEIPO27424B4 ↗
1999-03-23NEON Communications Group, Inc. MASyndicate$37.004,605,790$170,414,230Offering23424B1 ↗
1999-03-19IVILLAGE INC NYSyndicate$24.003,650,000$87,600,000Nasdaq IVILIPO12424B1 ↗
1999-03-17MULTEX COM INC NYSyndicate$14.003,000,000$42,000,000Nasdaq MLTXIPO16424B1 ↗
1999-03-09ARGOSY EDUCATION GROUP INC ILSyndicate2,000,000-Nasdaq ARGYIPO13424B4 ↗
1999-03-01PCORDER COM INC TXSyndicate$4.002,200,000$8,800,000Nasdaq PCORIPO14424B4 ↗
1999-02-11VERTICALNET INC PASyndicate$2.963,500,000$10,360,000Nasdaq VERTIPO15424B1 ↗
1999-02-11PRODIGY COMMUNICATIONS CORP TXSyndicate$5.788,000,000$46,240,000Nasdaq PRGYIPO30424B4 ↗
1999-02-05CORINTHIAN COLLEGES INC CASyndicate2,700,000-Nasdaq COCOIPO18424B1 ↗
1999-01-15MARKETWATCH MEDIA INC CASyndicate$6.252,750,000$17,187,500Nasdaq MKTWIPO4424B4 ↗
1998-12-16CONCUR TECHNOLOGIES INC WASyndicate$12.503,100,000$38,750,000Nasdaq CNQRIPO8424B4 ↗
1998-12-10ABOVENET COMMUNICATIONS INC CASyndicate$13.00123,736$1,608,568Nasdaq ABOVIPO13424B4 ↗
1998-12-09XOOM INC CASyndicate$1.114,000,000$4,440,000Nasdaq XMCMIPO28424B4 ↗
1998-12-04UBID INC ILSyndicate$4.571,580,000$7,220,600Nasdaq UBIDIPO11424B1 ↗
1998-12-03TICKETMASTER ENTERTAINMENT LLC CASyndicate$14.007,000,000$98,000,000Nasdaq TMCSIPO22424B1 ↗
1998-11-12DICE INC NYSyndicate$4.502,100,000$9,450,000Nasdaq EWBXIPO9424B1 ↗
1998-08-1424/7 REAL MEDIA INC NYSyndicate$4.723,250,000$15,340,000Nasdaq TFSMIPO9424B1 ↗
1998-08-07NATIONSRENT INC FLSyndicate$8.0013,000,000$104,000,000NYSE NRIIPO28424B1 ↗
1998-07-06HORIZON ORGANIC HOLDING CORP COSyndicate$11.003,000,000$33,000,000Nasdaq HCOWIPO18424B4 ↗
1998-07-02COSTAR GROUP, INC. VASyndicate$9.002,500,000$22,500,000Nasdaq RIGXIPO31424B1 ↗
1998-06-05RAINBOW RENTALS INC OHSyndicate2,250,000-Nasdaq RBOWIPO21424B1 ↗
1998-05-08GENESIS DIRECT INC NJSyndicate$15.0011,125,000$166,875,000Nasdaq GENDIPO27424B1 ↗
1998-03-04VIAGRAFIX CORP OKSyndicate$13.002,200,000$28,600,000Nasdaq VIAXIPO17424B1 ↗
1998-02-101 800 CONTACTS INC UTLead$12.50--Nasdaq CTACIPO32424B4 ↗
1998-01-30MERCURY SYSTEMS INC MASyndicate$42.003,500,000$147,000,000Nasdaq MRCYIPO23424B4 ↗
1997-11-26BRASS EAGLE INC ARSyndicate$11.002,275,000$25,025,000Nasdaq XTRMIPO21424B1 ↗

“Offering” is a priced registered offering that the cover page does not describe as an initial public offering: a follow-on, a resale, or a small company’s best-efforts deal.

Works alongside

FirmDeals togetherOf which that firm led
Robertson Stephens7926
Hambrecht & Quist6719
Goldman Sachs6450
Bear Stearns6331
Merrill Lynch5525
Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette5315
RBC Capital Markets539
Citigroup5112
Piper Sandler479
Wachovia441
Deutsche Bank4310
Cowen428

Data: SEC EDGAR. The quarterly full index (every S-1, S-1/A, F-1 and F-1/A since 1993, with the pricing prospectus, notice of effectiveness and withdrawal request of each registrant) and the company submissions data (SIC, state of incorporation, address, EIN, tickers, former names). Offering terms are read from the cover pages of the registrant's final prospectus (424B4, 424B1) and its latest registration statement before pricing: the price range, the final price, shares offered, gross proceeds (the cover's total, else price times shares), exchange and ticker, and the underwriters named on the cover and in the underwriting table (loader/s1_terms.py). Underwriter names are normalised, so Goldman, Sachs & Co. of 1999 and Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC of 2024 are one firm.