Open Payments

DAVID MCKENZIE

Type
Physician · Podiatric Medicine & Surgery Service Providers / Podiatrist / Foot & Ankle Surgery
Where
TOOELE, UT
NPI
1245541937
Received
$7,570 in 135 records, 2019 to 2025
Source
CMS Open Payments search ↗

By year

Program yearKindRecordsAmount
2025General payment34$1,043
2024General payment28$1,290
2023General payment19$358
2022General payment11$259
2021General payment8$254
2020General payment7$93
2019General payment28$4,270

By company

CompanyRecordsAmountYears
Stryker Corporation39$4,4002019–2025
Paragon 28, Inc.15$1,0502024–2025
Boston Scientific Corporation2$2092019
Celularity Inc.2$1782019
Sanara MedTech Inc.1$1652025
Orthofix Medical, Inc.13$1472024–2025
Anika Therapeutics, Inc.1$1452021
Bone Support Inc.1$1442025
Smith+Nephew, Inc.5$1272021–2025
Nevro Corp.2$1182022–2023
ANI Pharmaceuticals, Inc.4$862025
ABBVIE INC.5$842021–2023
VERTEX PHARMACEUTICALS INCORPORATED4$742025
TREACE MEDICAL CONCEPTS, INC.5$722022–2025
Allergan, Inc.4$592019–2020
Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc.4$592022–2024
Ortho Dermatologics, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC3$402020–2021
PolarityTE, Inc.3$392019–2020
DJO, LLC1$362019
Solventum Corporation2$342024
Horizon Therapeutics plc2$342023
PolyNovo North America LLC2$322024–2025
Medtronic, Inc.2$302022–2025
KCI USA, Inc.2$302020–2023
Alfasigma USA, Inc.2$292021–2022
Tactile Systems Technology Inc2$272020–2025
Organogenesis Inc.1$252022
Amgen Inc.1$202024
Ethicon US, LLC1$162022
TRICE MEDICAL, INC.1$152023
Integra LifeSciences Corporation1$132023
Bioventus LLC1$112020
Dynasplint Systems Inc.1$62023

By nature of payment

NatureRecordsAmount
Food and Beverage123$4,058
Travel and Lodging12$3,511

Records

DateCompanyAmountNatureFormProductStudyYear
2025-12-29Orthofix Medical, Inc.$8Food and BeverageCash or cash equivalentPhysio-Stim Device, Stimulator, Bone Growth, Non-Invasive2025
2025-12-21Smith+Nephew, Inc.$60Food and BeverageIn-kind items and servicesSTRAVIX Biological, Extremities & Limb Restoration2025
2025-12-11ANI Pharmaceuticals, Inc.$26Food and BeverageIn-kind items and servicesPURIFIED CORTROPHIN GEL Drug, Treatment of certain chronic autoimmune disorders including acute exacerbations of MS and RA2025
2025-12-09Orthofix Medical, Inc.$4Food and BeverageCash or cash equivalentPhysio-Stim Device, Stimulator, Bone Growth, Non-Invasive2025
2025-12-08Medtronic, Inc.$13Food and BeverageIn-kind items and servicesINCEPTIV Device, Spinal Cord Neurostimulation2025
2025-11-25Orthofix Medical, Inc.$5Food and BeverageCash or cash equivalentPhysio-Stim Device, Stimulator, Bone Growth, Non-Invasive2025
2025-11-21Stryker Corporation$20Food and BeverageIn-kind items and servicesSWANSON Device, TRAUMA & EXTREMITIES2025
2025-10-22Orthofix Medical, Inc.$4Food and BeverageCash or cash equivalentPhysio-Stim Device, Stimulator, Bone Growth, Non-Invasive2025
2025-10-21ANI Pharmaceuticals, Inc.$18Food and BeverageIn-kind items and servicesPURIFIED CORTROPHIN GEL Drug, Treatment of certain chronic autoimmune disorders including acute exacerbations of MS and RA2025
2025-10-13VERTEX PHARMACEUTICALS INCORPORATED$24Food and BeverageIn-kind items and servicesJOURNAVX Drug, PAIN2025
2025-10-07Orthofix Medical, Inc.$9Food and BeverageCash or cash equivalentPhysio-Stim Device, Stimulator, Bone Growth, Non-Invasive2025
2025-08-29ANI Pharmaceuticals, Inc.$19Food and BeverageIn-kind items and servicesPURIFIED CORTROPHIN GEL Drug, Treatment of certain chronic autoimmune disorders including acute exacerbations of MS and RA2025
2025-08-28Sanara MedTech Inc.$165Food and BeverageCash or cash equivalentCellerateRX Device, Collagen based wound filler2025
2025-08-20Paragon 28, Inc.$19Food and BeverageCash or cash equivalentPortfolio Device, FOOT AND ANKLE IMPLANTS2025
2025-08-18Orthofix Medical, Inc.$6Food and BeverageCash or cash equivalentPhysio-Stim Device, Stimulator, Bone Growth, Non-Invasive2025
2025-08-07Paragon 28, Inc.$12Food and BeverageCash or cash equivalentPortfolio Device, FOOT AND ANKLE IMPLANTS2025
2025-07-17ANI Pharmaceuticals, Inc.$22Food and BeverageIn-kind items and servicesPURIFIED CORTROPHIN GEL Drug, Treatment of certain chronic autoimmune disorders including acute exacerbations of MS and RA2025
2025-06-20Paragon 28, Inc.$97Food and BeverageCash or cash equivalent2025
2025-06-17Orthofix Medical, Inc.$6Food and BeverageCash or cash equivalentPhysio-Stim Device, Stimulator, Bone Growth, Non-Invasive2025
2025-06-10VERTEX PHARMACEUTICALS INCORPORATED$15Food and BeverageIn-kind items and servicesJOURNAVX Drug, PAIN2025
2025-05-29Orthofix Medical, Inc.$25Food and BeverageCash or cash equivalentPhysio-Stim Device, Stimulator, Bone Growth, Non-Invasive2025
2025-05-16Paragon 28, Inc.$11Food and BeverageCash or cash equivalentPlating Portfolio Device, FOOT AND ANKLE IMPLANTS2025
2025-05-15VERTEX PHARMACEUTICALS INCORPORATED$16Food and BeverageIn-kind items and servicesJOURNAVX Drug, PAIN2025
2025-05-12Tactile Systems Technology Inc$14Food and BeverageIn-kind items and servicesFlexitouch Plus Device, PNEUMATIC COMPRESSOR2025
2025-04-10Bone Support Inc.$144Food and BeverageIn-kind items and servicesCERAMENTBONE VOID FILLER Device, Bone void and fracture2025
2025-04-07Orthofix Medical, Inc.$6Food and BeverageCash or cash equivalentPhysio-Stim Device, Stimulator, Bone Growth, Non-Invasive2025
2025-04-04Stryker Corporation$29Food and BeverageIn-kind items and servicesAUGMENT INJECTABLE Device, BONE SUBSTITUTES2025
2025-03-31Orthofix Medical, Inc.$7Food and BeverageCash or cash equivalentPhysio-Stim Device, Stimulator, Bone Growth, Non-Invasive2025
2025-03-21VERTEX PHARMACEUTICALS INCORPORATED$17Food and BeverageIn-kind items and servicesJOURNAVX Drug, PAIN2025
2025-03-03Orthofix Medical, Inc.$23Food and BeverageCash or cash equivalentPhysio-Stim Device, Stimulator, Bone Growth, Non-Invasive2025
2025-02-06Paragon 28, Inc.$139Food and BeverageCash or cash equivalentPrecision MIS Bunion Device, FOOT AND ANKLE IMPLANTS2025
2025-01-27PolyNovo North America LLC$16Food and BeverageIn-kind items and servicesNOVOSORB BTM Device, SYNTHETIC DERMAL SUBSTITUTE2025
2025-01-21TREACE MEDICAL CONCEPTS, INC.$15Food and BeverageIn-kind items and services2025
2025-01-14Orthofix Medical, Inc.$13Food and BeverageCash or cash equivalentPhysio-Stim Device, Stimulator, Bone Growth, Non-Invasive2025
2024-12-13Paragon 28, Inc.$4Food and BeverageCash or cash equivalent2024
2024-11-06Stryker Corporation$38Food and BeverageIn-kind items and servicesPROSTEP MICA Device, TRAUMA & EXTREMITIES2024
2024-11-04Paragon 28, Inc.$23Food and BeverageCash or cash equivalentPortfolio Device, FOOT AND ANKLE IMPLANTS2024
2024-10-29Stryker Corporation$25Food and BeverageIn-kind items and services7 X 23MM CITRELOCK IMPLANT Device, TRAUMA & EXTREMITIES2024
2024-09-28Paragon 28, Inc.$156Travel and LodgingCash or cash equivalentPortfolio Device, FOOT AND ANKLE IMPLANTS2024
2024-09-28Paragon 28, Inc.$36Food and Beverage (2 payments)Cash or cash equivalentPortfolio Device, FOOT AND ANKLE IMPLANTS2024
2024-09-27Paragon 28, Inc.$165Food and BeverageCash or cash equivalentPortfolio Device, FOOT AND ANKLE IMPLANTS2024
2024-09-27Paragon 28, Inc.$59Travel and LodgingCash or cash equivalentPortfolio Device, FOOT AND ANKLE IMPLANTS2024
2024-09-27Stryker Corporation$20Food and BeverageIn-kind items and servicesSONICANCHOR Device, TRAUMA & EXTREMETIES2024
2024-09-23Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc.$13Food and BeverageIn-kind items and servicesNUZYRA Drug, ANTIBIOTIC2024
2024-09-13Stryker Corporation$18Food and BeverageIn-kind items and servicesSWANSON Device, TRAUMA & EXTREMITIES2024
2024-09-10TREACE MEDICAL CONCEPTS, INC.$13Food and BeverageIn-kind items and servicesLAPIPLASTY SYSTEM Device, FOOT AND ANKLE2024
2024-09-03Paragon 28, Inc.$276Travel and LodgingCash or cash equivalentPortfolio Device, FOOT AND ANKLE IMPLANTS2024
2024-08-09Stryker Corporation$18Food and BeverageIn-kind items and servicesSWANSON Device, TRAUMA & EXTREMITIES2024
2024-08-05Orthofix Medical, Inc.$24Food and BeverageIn-kind items and servicesPhysio-Stim Device, Stimulator, Bone Growth, Non-Invasive2024
2024-06-28Paragon 28, Inc.$17Food and BeverageCash or cash equivalent2024
2024-05-08Amgen Inc.$20Food and BeverageIn-kind items and servicesKRYSTEXXA Biological, Inflammation/Rare Disease2024
2024-05-07Stryker Corporation$32Food and BeverageIn-kind items and servicesAUGMENT INJECTABLE Device, BONE SUBSTITUTES2024
2024-05-06Stryker Corporation$172Food and BeverageIn-kind items and servicesAUGMENT INJECTABLE Device, BONE SUBSTITUTES2024
2024-05-06PolyNovo North America LLC$16Food and BeverageIn-kind items and servicesNOVOSORB BTM Device, SYNTHETIC DERMAL SUBSTITUTE2024
2024-05-02Stryker Corporation$7Food and BeverageIn-kind items and servicesVARIAX Device, TRAUMA & EXTREMETIES2024
2024-04-29Solventum Corporation$18Food and BeverageCash or cash equivalentPREVENA Device, Negative Pressure Systems & Dressings2024
2024-04-22Paragon 28, Inc.$19Food and BeverageCash or cash equivalent2024
2024-03-01Stryker Corporation$17Food and BeverageIn-kind items and servicesVARIAX Device, TRAUMA & EXTREMETIES2024
2024-02-27Paragon 28, Inc.$13Food and BeverageCash or cash equivalentBaby Gorilla Device, FOOT AND ANKLE IMPLANTS2024
2024-02-26Smith+Nephew, Inc.$18Food and BeverageIn-kind items and servicesGRAFIX PL Medical Supply, Other Advanced Wound Management2024
2024-02-19Solventum Corporation$16Food and BeverageCash or cash equivalentPREVENA Device, Negative Pressure Systems & Dressings2024
2024-02-02Stryker Corporation$27Food and BeverageIn-kind items and servicesPROSTEP MICA Device, TRAUMA & EXTREMITIES2024
2023-10-27Stryker Corporation$29Food and BeverageIn-kind items and services7 X 23MM CITRELOCK IMPLANT Device, TRAUMA & EXTREMITIES2023
2023-10-25Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc.$18Food and BeverageIn-kind items and servicesNUZYRA Drug, ANTIBIOTIC2023
2023-10-06Stryker Corporation$16Food and BeverageIn-kind items and servicesCITREFIX Device, BIOLOGICS2023
2023-09-08Stryker Corporation$22Food and BeverageIn-kind items and servicesVARIAX Device, TRAUMA & EXTREMETIES2023
2023-08-25Stryker Corporation$39Food and BeverageIn-kind items and services7 X 23MM CITRELOCK IMPLANT Device, TRAUMA & EXTREMITIES2023
2023-08-14TRICE MEDICAL, INC.$15Food and BeverageIn-kind items and services2023
2023-07-18Horizon Therapeutics plc$13Food and BeverageIn-kind items and servicesKRYSTEXXA Biological, KRYSTEXXA2023
2023-07-10Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc.$13Food and BeverageIn-kind items and servicesNUZYRA Drug, ANTIBIOTIC2023
2023-07-05Integra LifeSciences Corporation$13Food and BeverageIn-kind items and servicesTCC-EZ Device, Recon-Skin and Wound2023
2023-06-09Stryker Corporation$26Food and BeverageIn-kind items and servicesVARIAX Device, TRAUMA & EXTREMETIES2023
2023-06-01TREACE MEDICAL CONCEPTS, INC.$14Food and BeverageCash or cash equivalentLAPIPLASTY SYSTEM Device, FOOT AND ANKLE2023
2023-05-15Horizon Therapeutics plc$20Food and BeverageIn-kind items and servicesKRYSTEXXA Biological, KRYSTEXXA2023
2023-05-08KCI USA, Inc.$18Food and BeverageCash or cash equivalentACTIV.A.C. Device, Negative Pressure Systems & Dressings2023
2023-04-06Smith+Nephew, Inc.$15Food and BeverageIn-kind items and servicesGRAFIX PL Medical Supply, Other Advanced Wound Management2023
2023-03-22TREACE MEDICAL CONCEPTS, INC.$13Food and BeverageCash or cash equivalentLAPIPLASTY SYSTEM Device, FOOT AND ANKLE2023
2023-03-13Nevro Corp.$31Food and BeverageIn-kind items and servicesSenza Device, Spinal Cord Stimulator2023
2023-02-28Dynasplint Systems Inc.$6Food and BeverageIn-kind items and servicesDynasplint Device, DME2023
2023-02-10Stryker Corporation$14Food and BeverageIn-kind items and servicesAUGMENT INJECTABLE Device, BONE SUBSTITUTES2023
2023-02-09ABBVIE INC.$14Food and BeverageIn-kind items and servicesDALVANCE Drug, ANTI-INFECTIVE2023
2022-09-23Stryker Corporation$15Food and BeverageIn-kind items and servicesAUGMENT INJECTABLE Device, BONE SUBSTITUTES2022
2022-09-22Medtronic, Inc.$17Food and BeverageIn-kind items and servicesINTELLIS ADAPTIVESTIM Device, Spinal Cord Neurostimulation2022
2022-08-29Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc.$14Food and BeverageIn-kind items and servicesNUZYRA Drug, ANTIBIOTIC2022
2022-08-24ABBVIE INC.$15Food and BeverageIn-kind items and servicesDALVANCE Drug, ANTI-INFECTIVE2022
2022-08-22Stryker Corporation$19Food and BeverageIn-kind items and servicesALLOPURE Device, BONE SUBSTITUTES2022
2022-06-23Nevro Corp.$86Food and BeverageIn-kind items and servicesOmnia Device, Spinal Cord Stimulator2022
2022-06-08Ethicon US, LLC$16Food and BeverageIn-kind items and servicesSTRATAFIX Device, Wound Closure2022
2022-05-12Alfasigma USA, Inc.$16Food and BeverageIn-kind items and services2022
2022-05-03ABBVIE INC.$16Food and BeverageIn-kind items and servicesDALVANCE Drug, ANTI-INFECTIVE2022
2022-04-27TREACE MEDICAL CONCEPTS, INC.$15Food and BeverageCash or cash equivalentLAPIPLASTY SYSTEM Device, FOOT AND ANKLE2022
2022-03-30Organogenesis Inc.$25Food and BeverageCash or cash equivalentPuraply Medical Supply, WOUND CARE2022
2021-12-08Ortho Dermatologics, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC$12Food and BeverageIn-kind items and servicesJUBLIA Drug, Podiatry2021
2021-12-08Ortho Dermatologics, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC$11Food and BeverageIn-kind items and servicesJUBLIA Drug, Podiatry2021
2021-09-15Smith+Nephew, Inc.$14Food and BeverageIn-kind items and servicesGRAFIX PL Medical Supply, Other Advanced Wound Management2021
2021-09-07Smith+Nephew, Inc.$18Food and BeverageIn-kind items and servicesEVOS MINI Device, Trauma Plates, Screws, and Nails2021
2021-05-26ABBVIE INC.$23Food and BeverageIn-kind items and servicesDALVANCE Drug, ANTI-INFECTIVE2021
2021-03-31Alfasigma USA, Inc.$12Food and BeverageIn-kind items and services2021
2021-02-16Anika Therapeutics, Inc.$145Food and BeverageIn-kind items and servicesTactoset Device, MusculoSkeletal2021
2021-01-19ABBVIE INC.$15Food and BeverageIn-kind items and servicesDALVANCE Drug, ANTI-INFECTIVE2021
2020-11-17Bioventus LLC$11Food and BeverageIn-kind items and servicesExogen Device, Not Applicable2020
2020-10-19Tactile Systems Technology Inc$13Food and BeverageIn-kind items and servicesFLEXITOUCH Device, PNEUMATIC COMPRESSOR2020
2020-08-29Ortho Dermatologics, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC$16Food and BeverageIn-kind items and servicesDUOBRII Drug, DERMATOLOGY2020
2020-07-30Allergan, Inc.$16Food and BeverageIn-kind items and servicesDALVANCE Drug, ANTI-INFECTIVE2020
2020-03-12KCI USA, Inc.$12Food and BeverageIn-kind items and servicesSNAP Device, TRAUMA EMERGENCY, INJURY, SURGERY2020
2020-03-03PolarityTE, Inc.$12Food and BeverageIn-kind items and servicesSkinTE Biological, autologous tissue2020
2020-02-04Allergan, Inc.$11Food and BeverageIn-kind items and servicesDALVANCE Drug, ANTI-INFECTIVE2020
2019-11-21Stryker Corporation$20Travel and LodgingCash or cash equivalentSTAR Device, TRAUMA & EXTREMETIES2019
2019-11-12Boston Scientific Corporation$114Food and BeverageIn-kind items and servicesGENERAL VASCULAR INTERVENTION Device, VASCULAR2019
2019-10-15Allergan, Inc.$18Food and BeverageIn-kind items and servicesDALVANCE Drug, ANTI-INFECTIVE2019
2019-10-05Stryker Corporation$537Travel and LodgingCash or cash equivalentVARIAX Device, TRAUMA & EXTREMETIES2019
2019-10-05Stryker Corporation$238Travel and LodgingCash or cash equivalentALLOWRAP Device, TRAUMA & EXTREMETIES2019
2019-10-05Stryker Corporation$123Travel and LodgingCash or cash equivalentHOFFMANN Device, TRAUMA & EXTREMETIES2019
2019-10-05Stryker Corporation$50Food and BeverageCash or cash equivalentVARIAX Device, TRAUMA & EXTREMETIES2019
2019-10-05Stryker Corporation$50Food and BeverageCash or cash equivalentVARIAX Device, TRAUMA & EXTREMETIES2019
2019-10-05Stryker Corporation$33Food and BeverageCash or cash equivalentHOFFMANN Device, TRAUMA & EXTREMETIES2019
2019-10-04Stryker Corporation$257Travel and LodgingCash or cash equivalentALLOWRAP Device, TRAUMA & EXTREMETIES2019
2019-10-04Stryker Corporation$162Food and BeverageCash or cash equivalentANCHORAGE Device, TRAUMA & EXTREMETIES2019
2019-08-13Allergan, Inc.$13Food and BeverageIn-kind items and servicesDALVANCE Drug, ANTI-INFECTIVE2019
2019-06-20Celularity Inc.$171Food and BeverageIn-kind items and servicesBiovance Biological, Wound Care2019
2019-06-11Boston Scientific Corporation$95Food and BeverageIn-kind items and servicesELUVIA Device, STENTS2019
2019-06-06Stryker Corporation$945Travel and LodgingCash or cash equivalentHOFFMANN Device, TRAUMA & EXTREMETIES2019
2019-05-19Stryker Corporation$138Travel and LodgingCash or cash equivalentT2 Device, TRAUMA & EXTREMETIES2019
2019-05-18Stryker Corporation$42Food and BeverageCash or cash equivalentVARIAX Device, TRAUMA & EXTREMETIES2019
2019-05-17Stryker Corporation$148Food and BeverageCash or cash equivalentHOFFMANN Device, TRAUMA & EXTREMETIES2019
2019-05-17Stryker Corporation$23Food and BeverageCash or cash equivalentHOFFMANN Device, TRAUMA & EXTREMETIES2019
2019-05-17Stryker Corporation$20Food and BeverageCash or cash equivalentHOFFMANN Device, TRAUMA & EXTREMETIES2019
2019-05-16Stryker Corporation$623Travel and LodgingCash or cash equivalentT2 Device, TRAUMA & EXTREMETIES2019
2019-05-16Stryker Corporation$142Food and BeverageCash or cash equivalentANCHORAGE Device, TRAUMA & EXTREMETIES2019
2019-05-16Stryker Corporation$134Travel and LodgingCash or cash equivalentT2 Device, TRAUMA & EXTREMETIES2019
2019-02-25PolarityTE, Inc.$15Food and BeverageIn-kind items and servicesSkinTE Biological, autologous tissue2019
2019-02-25PolarityTE, Inc.$11Food and BeverageIn-kind items and servicesSkinTE Biological, autologous tissue2019
2019-02-14Stryker Corporation$94Food and BeverageCash or cash equivalentTRAUMA Device, STRETCHERS2019
2019-01-10DJO, LLC$36Food and BeverageIn-kind items and services2019
2019-01-08Celularity Inc.$7Food and BeverageIn-kind items and servicesBiovance Biological, Wound Care2019

CMS Open Payments: payments and transfers of value that drug and medical device makers and group purchasing organizations report to Medicare, program years 2019 on, as published by CMS (general, research and ownership records; refreshed by CMS each June and January). Links to other records on this site are by name (and state) only.

The area Census

Tooele CountyTooele city

County outline, the place (blue), the tract (orange) and the ZIP center (dot).

In Tooele, UT, county Tooele County, UT, state Utah; placed by its city name.

MeasurePlace (city or town)
Tooele, UT
County
Tooele County, UT
State
Utah
Population B0100338,40579,3473,392,331
Population, 2020 census P135,74272,6983,271,616
Median age B0100232.732.232.0
Under 18 B0100128.9%31.0%27.8%
65 and over B0100110.5%9.2%11.9%
Households B1100112,35423,9251,124,822
Foreign born B050024.7%4.3%8.9%
Median household income B19013$96,221$106,587$95,166
Median family income B19113$104,094$115,416$109,675
Per capita income B19301$34,560$38,604$40,873
Poverty rate B170015.9%5.2%8.5%
Unemployment rate B230253.8%3.6%3.6%
Civilian labor force B2302520,21341,8471,778,106
Mean commute (minutes) B0801330.830.322.1
Bachelor's degree or higher B1500318.6%22.9%37.7%
Housing units B2500112,75524,9651,223,468
Owner-occupied B2500378.9%81.8%70.2%
Renters B2500321.1%18.2%29.8%
Median home value B25077$381,400$431,600$489,400
Median gross rent B25064$1,214$1,189$1,496
White, not Hispanic B0300276.1%77.8%74.7%
Black B030021.1%1.0%1.1%
Hispanic or Latino B0300217.1%15.0%15.9%
Asian B030020.5%0.7%2.4%
American Indian and Alaska Native B030020.4%0.4%0.6%

Data: IPUMS NHGIS (ACS 2020-2024 and the 2020 census); each figure links to its table for that area at data.census.gov. Records are placed by ZIP code and city name, not street address. More: everything FURP has in Tooele, UT.

Comments

Anonymous: no account or email. Up to 2,000 characters, at most one link. Comments are checked automatically; some wait for review.