NOMA IMPROVEMENT ASSOCIATION: Form 990, tax year 2009

View the entire original 990 at ProPublica ↗

Organization
NOMA IMPROVEMENT ASSOCIATION (EIN 76-0832248)
Tax period
2009-10-01 to 2010-09-30
Filed
2011-05-11
IRS object ID
201111319349301546
Schema version
2009v1.7
Source
Download XML · Original 990 at ProPublica

Every field in the e-filed return. Faint text is the IRS element name, for citing.

Return header ReturnHeader

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Timestamp2011-05-11T13:01:47-05:00Timestamp
Tax Period End Date2010-09-30TaxPeriodEndDate

Preparer Firm PreparerFirm

Preparer Firm Business Name PreparerFirmBusinessName

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1LARSONALLEN LLPBusinessNameLine1

Preparer Firm US Address PreparerFirmUSAddress

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Address Line12900 SOUTH QUINCY ST SUITE 150AddressLine1
CityARLINGTONCity
StateVAState
ZIP Code22206ZIPCode
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Return Type990ReturnType
Tax Period Begin Date2009-10-01TaxPeriodBeginDate

Filer Filer

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
EIN760832248EIN

Name Name

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1NoMa Improvement AssociationBusinessNameLine1
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Name ControlNOMANameControl
Phone2022890111Phone

US Address USAddress

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Address Line11200 1st Street NE No 310AddressLine1
CityWashingtonCity
StateDCState
ZIP Code20002ZIPCode

Officer Officer

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
NameElizabeth PriceName
TitlepresidentTitle
Phone2022890111Phone
Date Signed2011-05-06DateSigned
Authorize Third Party1AuthorizeThirdParty

Preparer Preparer

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Phone7039985100Phone
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Tax Year2009TaxYear
Build TS2016-02-24 21:20:13ZBuildTS

Form 990 IRS990

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Name Of Principal Officer PersonElizabeth PriceNameOfPrincipalOfficerPerson

Address Principal Officer US AddressPrincipalOfficerUS

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Address Line11200 1st Street NE No 310AddressLine1
CityWashingtonCity
StateDCState
ZIP Code20002ZIPCode
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Gross Receipts1844237GrossReceipts
Group Return For Affiliates0GroupReturnForAffiliates
Organization501cXOrganization501c
Web Sitewww.nomabid.orgWebSite
Type Of Organization CorporationXTypeOfOrganizationCorporation
Year Formation2006YearFormation
State Legal DomicileDCStateLegalDomicile
Activity Or Mission DescriptionEconomic development organization that promotes the revitalization of the 35-block neighborhood just north of Union Station in Washington, DC. We provide street and sidewalk cleaning services, public safety support, marketing and events, and coordination with public agencies.ActivityOrMissionDescription
Nbr Voting Members Governing Body15NbrVotingMembersGoverningBody
Nbr Independent Voting Members15NbrIndependentVotingMembers
Total Nbr Employees10TotalNbrEmployees
Total Nbr Volunteers0TotalNbrVolunteers
Total Gross UBI0TotalGrossUBI
Net Unrelated Business Txbl Income0NetUnrelatedBusinessTxblIncome
Contributions Grants Prior Year169644ContributionsGrantsPriorYear
Contributions Grants Current Year203200ContributionsGrantsCurrentYear
Program Service Revenue Prior Year1353120ProgramServiceRevenuePriorYear
Program Service Revenue CY1634068ProgramServiceRevenueCY
Investment Income Prior Year7576InvestmentIncomePriorYear
Investment Income Current Year6969InvestmentIncomeCurrentYear
Other Revenue Prior Year24347OtherRevenuePriorYear
Other Revenue Current Year0OtherRevenueCurrentYear
Total Revenue Prior Year1554687TotalRevenuePriorYear
Total Revenue Current Year1844237TotalRevenueCurrentYear
Grants And Similar Amnts CY0GrantsAndSimilarAmntsCY
Benefits Paid To Members CY0BenefitsPaidToMembersCY
Salaries Etc Prior Year543163SalariesEtcPriorYear
Salaries Etc Current Year695459SalariesEtcCurrentYear
Total Prof Fundrsng Exp CY0TotalProfFundrsngExpCY
Total Fundrsng Exp Current Year0TotalFundrsngExpCurrentYear
Other Expense Prior Year677423OtherExpensePriorYear
Other Expenses Current Year845006OtherExpensesCurrentYear
Total Expenses Prior Year1220586TotalExpensesPriorYear
Total Expenses Current Year1540465TotalExpensesCurrentYear
Revenues Less Expenses Prior Year334101RevenuesLessExpensesPriorYear
Revenues Less Expenses CY303772RevenuesLessExpensesCY
Total Assets BOY953506TotalAssetsBOY
Total Assets EOY1254515TotalAssetsEOY
Total Liabilities BOY160580TotalLiabilitiesBOY
Total Liabilities EOY157818TotalLiabilitiesEOY
Net Assets Or Fund Balances BOY792926NetAssetsOrFundBalancesBOY
Net Assets Or Fund Balances EOY1096697NetAssetsOrFundBalancesEOY
Mission DescriptionEconomic development organization that promotes the revitalization of the 35-block neighborhood just north of Union Station in Washington, DC. We provide street and sidewalk cleaning services, public safety support, marketing and events, and coordination with public agencies.MissionDescription
Significant New Program Services0SignificantNewProgramServices
Significant Change0SignificantChange
DescriptionClean and Safe: The organization provides a clean team that removes trash, debris & graffiti from public space 7 days a week from 7AM to 3PM. The service is provided through a subcontract with Gospel Rescue Ministry which employs former homeless individuals. The team removed 814,000 pounds of trash, 700 posters and 230 graffiti marks. In addition, they planted 15,000 bulbs & supported tree plantings in the area. The organization employs safety ambassadors that support local residents & employees in the area. They provide directions & other assistance & also serve as "eyes and ears" to prevent crime. In 2010, the team was expanded to 5 ambassadors & hours extended until 11 PM, including weekends. The ambassadors provided 9,300 assists & connected 25 homeless invidivduals to permanent housing.Description

Activity2 Activity2

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
DescriptionMarketing and Events: The organization agressively markets the area to office and retail tenants and potential residents. The BID maintains a popular website (nomabid.org), a bi-weekly e-newsletter, facebook, twitter accounts as well as more conventional media outreach efforts. The BID also organizes many popular free events and expanded its offerings to over 100 events in 2010, including outdoor movies, lunch time concerts, art and cultural programming and more.Description

Activity3 Activity3

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
DescriptionPlanning and Economic Development: The organization works closely with city agencies to coordinate public and prviate investment. In 2010, the organization worked with the District Department of Transportation to augment designs for the NY and Florida Avenue intersecdtion with improved sidewalks, street trees and landscaping. In addition, legislation was introduced to City Council that would create a funding mechanism for future parks and open space and worked on economic incentives to attract non profits to the area.Description
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Described In501 C30DescribedIn501C3
Schedule B Required1ScheduleBRequired
Political Activities0PoliticalActivities
Subject To Proxy Tax0SubjectToProxyTax
Donor Advised Funds0DonorAdvisedFunds
Conservation Easements0ConservationEasements
Collections Of Art0CollectionsOfArt
Credit Counseling0CreditCounseling
Term Or Permanent Endowments0TermOrPermanentEndowments
Balance Sheet Amounts Reported1BalanceSheetAmountsReported
Independent Audit Financial Stmt1IndependentAuditFinancialStmt
Consolidated Audit Financial Stmt0ConsolidatedAuditFinancialStmt
School0School
Foreign Office0ForeignOffice
Foreign Activities0ForeignActivities
More Than5000 K To Organizations0MoreThan5000KToOrganizations
More Than5000 K To Individuals0MoreThan5000KToIndividuals
Professional Fundraising0ProfessionalFundraising
Fundraising Activities0FundraisingActivities
Gaming0Gaming
Hospital0Hospital
Grants To Organizations0GrantsToOrganizations
Grants To Individuals0GrantsToIndividuals
Schedule J Required1ScheduleJRequired
Tax Exempt Bonds0TaxExemptBonds
Loan To Officer Or DQP0LoanToOfficerOrDQP
Grant To Related Person0GrantToRelatedPerson
Bsnss Rltnshp With Organization0BsnssRltnshpWithOrganization
Bsnss Rltnshp Thru Family Member0BsnssRltnshpThruFamilyMember
Officer Entity With Bsnss Rltnshp0OfficerEntityWithBsnssRltnshp
Deductible Non Cash Contributions0DeductibleNonCashContributions
Deductible Contributions Of Art0DeductibleContributionsOfArt
Terminated0Terminated
Partial Liquidation0PartialLiquidation
Disregarded Entity0DisregardedEntity
Related Entity0RelatedEntity
Related Org Controlled Entity0RelatedOrgControlledEntity
Activities Conducted Partnership0ActivitiesConductedPartnership
Schedule O Required1ScheduleORequired
Number Forms Transmitted With109621NumberFormsTransmittedWith1096
Number W2 G Included0NumberW2GIncluded
Compliance With Backup Witholding1ComplianceWithBackupWitholding
Number Of Employees10NumberOfEmployees
Employment Tax Returns Filed1EmploymentTaxReturnsFiled
Unrelated Business Income0UnrelatedBusinessIncome
Foreign Financial Account0ForeignFinancialAccount
Prohibited Tax Shelter Trans0ProhibitedTaxShelterTrans
Taxable Party Notification0TaxablePartyNotification
Non Deductible Contributions0NonDeductibleContributions
Nbr Voting Governing Body Members15NbrVotingGoverningBodyMembers
Number Independent Voting Members15NumberIndependentVotingMembers
Family Or Business Relationship0FamilyOrBusinessRelationship
Delegation Of Management Duties0DelegationOfManagementDuties
Changes To Organizing Docs0ChangesToOrganizingDocs
Material Diversion Or Misuse0MaterialDiversionOrMisuse
Members Or Stockholders1MembersOrStockholders
Election Of Board Members1ElectionOfBoardMembers
Decisions Subject To Approval1DecisionsSubjectToApproval
Minutes Of Governing Body1MinutesOfGoverningBody
Minutes Of Committees1MinutesOfCommittees
Officer Mailing Address0OfficerMailingAddress
Local Chapters0LocalChapters
Form990 Provided To Governing Body1Form990ProvidedToGoverningBody
Conflict Of Interest Policy0ConflictOfInterestPolicy
Whistleblower Policy0WhistleblowerPolicy
Document Retention Policy0DocumentRetentionPolicy
Compensation Process CEO1CompensationProcessCEO
Compensation Process Other1CompensationProcessOther
Investment In Joint Venture0InvestmentInJointVenture
Upon RequestXUponRequest

The Books Are In Care Of TheBooksAreInCareOf

Name Business NameBusiness

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1The OrganizationBusinessNameLine1
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Telephone Number2022890111TelephoneNumber

Address US AddressUS

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Address Line11200 First Street NE Suite 310AddressLine1
CityWashingtonCity
StateDCState
ZIP Code20002ZIPCode

Form990 Part VII Section A Form990PartVIISectionA (17 entries)

TitleTitleAverage Hours Per WeekAverageHoursPerWeekIndividual Trustee Or DirectorIndividualTrusteeOrDirectorOfficerOfficerReportable Comp From OrganizationReportableCompFromOrganizationReportable Comp From Related OrgsReportableCompFromRelatedOrgsOther CompensationOtherCompensationHighest Compensated EmployeeHighestCompensatedEmployee
Bruce Baschuk
Chairman1.00XX000
Sandy Wilkes
Vice Chairman1.00XX000
Doug Firstenberg
Secretary/Treasurer1.00XX000
Bart Bush
Director0.50X000
Stuart Goldberg
Director0.50X000
Gary Goodweather
Director0.50X000
John Gordon
Director1.00X000
Dennis Paul
Director0.50X000
Maury Schlesinger
director0.50X000
Rob Seldin
director0.50X000
Michael Smith
director0.50X000
Fred Rothmeijer
director0.50X000
jennifer baldwin
director0.50X000
matt adams
director0.50X000
charlie garner
director0.50X000
Elizabeth Price
President50.00X159450018799
Merrit Drucker
Director of Operations50.009246507397X
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Reportable Comp From Org159450TotalReportableCompFromOrg
Total Reportable Comp Frm Rltd Orgs0TotalReportableCompFrmRltdOrgs
Total Other Compensation18799TotalOtherCompensation
Number Individuals GT100 K1NumberIndividualsGT100K
Formers Listed0FormersListed
Total Comp GT150 K1TotalCompGT150K
Compensation From Other Sources0CompensationFromOtherSources

Contractor Compensation ContractorCompensation

Name Of Contractor NameOfContractor

Name Business NameBusiness

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1Gospel Rescue MinistriesBusinessNameLine1

Address Of Contractor AddressOfContractor

Address US AddressUS

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Address Line1810 5th St NWAddressLine1
CityWashingtonCity
StateDCState
ZIP Code20001ZIPCode
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Description Of Servicescleaning & safety patrolingDescriptionOfServices
Compensation307757Compensation
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Number Of Contractors GT100 K1NumberOfContractorsGT100K
Government Grants169645GovernmentGrants
All Other Contributions33555AllOtherContributions
Total Contributions203200TotalContributions

Program Service Revenue ProgramServiceRevenue (2 entries)

DescriptionDescriptionBusiness CodeBusinessCodeTotal Revenue ColumnTotalRevenueColumnRelated Or Exempt Function IncomeRelatedOrExemptFunctionIncome
BID Assessments90009916108721610872
Late Fee Revenue9000992319623196
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Program Service Revenue1634068TotalProgramServiceRevenue

Investment Income InvestmentIncome

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column6969TotalRevenueColumn
Exclusion$6,969ExclusionAmount

Total Revenue TotalRevenue

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column1844237TotalRevenueColumn
Related Or Exempt Function Income1634068RelatedOrExemptFunctionIncome
Unrelated Business Revenue0UnrelatedBusinessRevenue
Exclusion$6,969ExclusionAmount

Comp Current Officers Directors CompCurrentOfficersDirectors

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total181536Total

Other Salaries And Wages OtherSalariesAndWages

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total391667Total

Pension Plan Contributions PensionPlanContributions

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total18187Total

Other Employee Benefits OtherEmployeeBenefits

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total62126Total

Payroll Taxes PayrollTaxes

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total41943Total

Fees For Services Legal FeesForServicesLegal

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total30650Total

Fees For Services Accounting FeesForServicesAccounting

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total40650Total

Fees For Services Other FeesForServicesOther

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total264962Total

Advertising Advertising

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total194985Total

Office Expenses OfficeExpenses

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total118089Total

Information Technology InformationTechnology

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total15960Total

Occupancy Occupancy

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total75479Total

Travel Travel

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total11705Total

Conferences Meetings ConferencesMeetings

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total18303Total

Depreciation Depletion DepreciationDepletion

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total4115Total

Insurance Insurance

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total3684Total

Other Expenses OtherExpenses (3 entries)

DescriptionDescriptionTotalTotal
Community Events35890
Equipment23167
Other7367

Total Functional Expenses TotalFunctionalExpenses

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total1540465Total

Cash Non Interest Bearing CashNonInterestBearing

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY-62328BOY
EOY46299EOY

Savings And Temp Cash Investments SavingsAndTempCashInvestments

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY949725BOY
EOY1092830EOY

Accounts Receivable AccountsReceivable

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY30148BOY
EOY84409EOY

Prepaid Expenses Deferred Charges PrepaidExpensesDeferredCharges

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY15700BOY
EOY13533EOY
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Land Buildings Equipment Basis19085LandBuildingsEquipmentBasis
Land Bldg Equipment Accum Deprec7901LandBldgEquipmentAccumDeprec

Land Buildings Equipment Basis Net LandBuildingsEquipmentBasisNet

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY14001BOY
EOY11184EOY

Other Assets Total OtherAssetsTotal

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY6260BOY
EOY6260EOY

Total Assets TotalAssets

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY953506BOY
EOY1254515EOY

Accounts Payable Accrued Expenses AccountsPayableAccruedExpenses

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY54769BOY
EOY92385EOY

Deferred Revenue DeferredRevenue

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY105811BOY
EOY65433EOY

Total Liabilities TotalLiabilities

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY160580BOY
EOY157818EOY
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Follow SFAS117XFollowSFAS117

Unrestricted Net Assets UnrestrictedNetAssets

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY792926BOY
EOY1096697EOY

Total Net Assets Fund Balances TotalNetAssetsFundBalances

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY792926BOY
EOY1096697EOY

Total Liab Net Assets Fund Balances TotalLiabNetAssetsFundBalances

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY953506BOY
EOY1254515EOY
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Method Of Accounting AccrualXMethodOfAccountingAccrual
Accountant Compile Or Review0AccountantCompileOrReview
FS Audited1FSAudited
Audit Committee1AuditCommittee
Financial Statement SeparateXFinancialStatementSeparate
Federal Grant Audit Required0FederalGrantAuditRequired

Schedule B IRS990ScheduleB

Contributor Info ContributorInfo

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Contributor NumberRESTRICTEDContributorNumber

Contributor Name Business ContributorNameBusiness

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1RESTRICTEDBusinessNameLine1

Contributor Address US ContributorAddressUS

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Address Line1RESTRICTEDAddressLine1
Address Line2RESTRICTEDAddressLine2
CityRESTRICTEDCity
StateRESTRICTEDState
ZIP CodeRESTRICTEDZIPCode
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Aggregate ContributionsRESTRICTEDAggregateContributions

Schedule D IRS990ScheduleD

Equipment Equipment

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Other Cost Or Other Basis4358OtherCostOrOtherBasis
Depreciation2252Depreciation
Book Value2106BookValue

Other Land Buildings OtherLandBuildings

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Other Cost Or Other Basis14727OtherCostOrOtherBasis
Depreciation5649Depreciation
Book Value9078BookValue
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Of Book Value Land Buildings11184TotalOfBookValueLandBuildings
Total Revenue1844237TotalRevenue
Total Expenses1540465TotalExpenses
Excess Or Deficit For Year303772ExcessOrDeficitForYear
Total Adjustments0TotalAdjustments
Excess Or Deficit Per FS303772ExcessOrDeficitPerFS
Tot Revenue Etc Audited Fincl Stmt1844236TotRevenueEtcAuditedFinclStmt
Revenue Not Rptd F9900RevenueNotRptdF990
Revenue Subtotal1844236RevenueSubtotal
Revenue Not Rptd On Fin Stmt0RevenueNotRptdOnFinStmt
Total Revenue Per Form9901844236TotalRevenuePerForm990
Tot Expenses Etc Audited Fincl Stmt1540465TotExpensesEtcAuditedFinclStmt
Expenses Not Rptd F9900ExpensesNotRptdF990
Expenses Subtotal1540465ExpensesSubtotal
Expenses Not Rptd On Fin Stmt0ExpensesNotRptdOnFinStmt
Total Expenses Per Form9901540465TotalExpensesPerForm990

Schedule J IRS990ScheduleJ

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Compensation CommitteeXCompensationCommittee
Compensation SurveyXCompensationSurvey
Board Or Committee ApprovalXBoardOrCommitteeApproval
Severance Payment0SeverancePayment
Supplemental Nonqual Retire Plan0SupplementalNonqualRetirePlan
Equity Based Comp Arrangement0EquityBasedCompArrangement

Form990 Schedule J Part II Form990ScheduleJPartII

Name Business NameBusiness

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1Elizabeth PriceBusinessNameLine1
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Base Compensation Filing Org149450BaseCompensationFilingOrg
Comp Based On Related Orgs0CompBasedOnRelatedOrgs
Bonus Filing Org10000BonusFilingOrg
Bonus Related Orgs0BonusRelatedOrgs
Other Compensation Filing Org0OtherCompensationFilingOrg
Other Compensation Related Orgs0OtherCompensationRelatedOrgs
Deferred Comp Filing Org12756DeferredCompFilingOrg
Deferred Comp Related Orgs0DeferredCompRelatedOrgs
Nontaxable Benefits Filing Org6043NontaxableBenefitsFilingOrg
Nontaxable Benefits Related Orgs0NontaxableBenefitsRelatedOrgs
Total Compensation Filing Org178249TotalCompensationFilingOrg
Total Compensation Related Orgs0TotalCompensationRelatedOrgs
Comp Report Prior990 Filing Org0CompReportPrior990FilingOrg
Comp Report Prior990 Related Orgs0CompReportPrior990RelatedOrgs

Schedule O IRS990ScheduleO

General Explanation GeneralExplanation (8 entries)

IdentifierIdentifierExplanationExplanation
Form 990, Part VI, Section A, line 1The Executive Committee consists of at least five (5) Directors, the Chairman of the Board shall also preside over the Executive Committee. The other Members of the Executive Committee shall be the Vice-Chairman of the Board, the Secretary, the Treasurer and the immediate former Chairman of the Board, if such person is still a Director. The Chairman of the Board may designate one (1) or more additional Directors as Members of the Executive Committee. Except as otherwise required by law or these Bylaws, the Executive Committee shall have such authority as the Board of Directors shall grant to it for the management of the Corporation, including the power to authorize the seal of the Corporation to be affixed to all papers that may require it. In addition, the Executive Committee shall appoint the nominating committee.
Form 990, Part VI, Section A, line 6BID members own property within the BID or lease space of more than 5,000 square feet.
Form 990, Part VI, Section A, line 7aAll members that are current on their BID tax payments may vote during board elections at the annual meeting.
Form 990, Part VI, Section A, line 7bMembers of the organization do have the right to vote on certain decisions of the governing body.
Form 990, Part VI, Section B, line 11Draft Form 990 is prepared by an outside accounting firm and is reviewed by management. The final draft 990 is provided to the treasurer for review and then shared with the executive committee for approval. The draft 990 will then be provided to the board of directors prior to filing with the IRS.
Form 990, Part VI, Section B, line 15For the President, the process for determining compensation is based on market rates for similar positions in the DC area. This process was last completed in 2007. For other officers/key employees, process for determining compensation is based on a review of comparable positions in other BIDs in the DC area. This was last completed in 2009.
Form 990, Part VI, Section C, line 19The organization makes the governing documents available to the public on their website. The Financial Statements are available to the public upon request.
Part VI Section B. Policies Line 12 13 14 Policies Subsequent to year end, the organization adopted written conflict of interest, whistleblower, and document retention and destruction policies.

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