EAST CENTRAL MICHIGAN HEALTHCARE FOUNDATION: Form 990, tax year 2011

View the entire original 990 at ProPublica ↗

Organization
EAST CENTRAL MICHIGAN HEALTHCARE FOUNDATION (EIN 38-3087841)
Tax period
2011-07-01 to 2012-06-30
Filed
2012-11-15
IRS object ID
201233209349309818
Schema version
2011v1.2
Source
Download XML · Original 990 at ProPublica

Every field in the e-filed return. Faint text is the IRS element name, for citing.

Return header ReturnHeader

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Timestamp2012-11-15T14:06:55-06:00Timestamp
Tax Period End Date2012-06-30TaxPeriodEndDate

Preparer Firm PreparerFirm

Preparer Firm Business Name PreparerFirmBusinessName

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1YEO & YEO PCBusinessNameLine1

Preparer Firm US Address PreparerFirmUSAddress

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Address Line1PO BOX 3275AddressLine1
CitySAGINAWCity
StateMIState
ZIP Code48605ZIPCode
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Return Type990ReturnType
Tax Period Begin Date2011-07-01TaxPeriodBeginDate

Filer Filer

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
EIN383087841EIN

Name Name

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1EAST CENTRAL MICHIGAN HEALTHCAREBusinessNameLine1
Business Name Line2FOUNDATIONBusinessNameLine2
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Name ControlEASTNameControl
Phone9898918810Phone

US Address USAddress

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Address Line1315 MULHOLLAND STREETAddressLine1
CityBAY CITYCity
StateMIState
ZIP Code48708ZIPCode

Officer Officer

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
NameELIZABETH SCHNETTLERName
TitlePRESIDENTTitle
Phone9898918810Phone
Date Signed2012-11-08DateSigned
Authorize Third PartytrueAuthorizeThirdParty

Preparer Preparer

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
NameSUZANNE LOZANOName
Phone9897939830Phone
Date Prepared2012-11-14DatePrepared
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Tax Year2011TaxYear
Build TS2016-02-24 21:20:13ZBuildTS

Form 990 IRS990

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Name Of Principal Officer PersonELIZABETH SCHNETTLERNameOfPrincipalOfficerPerson

Address Principal Officer US AddressPrincipalOfficerUS

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Address Line1315 MULHOLLAND STREETAddressLine1
CityBAY CITYCity
StateMIState
ZIP Code48708ZIPCode
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Gross Receipts16GrossReceipts
Group Return For AffiliatesfalseGroupReturnForAffiliates
Organization501c3XOrganization501c3
Web SiteWWW.HCECM.ORGWebSite
Type Of Organization CorporationXTypeOfOrganizationCorporation
Year Formation1992YearFormation
State Legal DomicileMIStateLegalDomicile
Activity Or Mission DescriptionTO PLAN, ORGANIZE, EDUCATE AND CONDUCT RESEARCH TO IMPROVE THE HEALTH STATUS OF THE COMMUNITY. BUILD MUTUALLY BENEFICIAL AND SUPPORTIVE COMMUNITY PARTNERSHIPS AMONG GROUPS AND ORGANIZATIONS CONCERNED WITH ENHANCING THE HEALTH AND WELL-BEING OF THE COMMUNITY. TO RECEIVE, ADMINISTER, AND DISTRIBUTE FUNDS ON BEHALF OF COMPREHENSIVE, COMMUNITY-BASED HEALTH CARE INITIATIVES.ActivityOrMissionDescription
Nbr Voting Members Governing Body17NbrVotingMembersGoverningBody
Nbr Independent Voting Members0NbrIndependentVotingMembers
Total Nbr Employees0TotalNbrEmployees
Total Gross UBI0TotalGrossUBI
Contributions Grants Prior Year52008ContributionsGrantsPriorYear
Contributions Grants Current Year0ContributionsGrantsCurrentYear
Program Service Revenue CY0ProgramServiceRevenueCY
Investment Income Prior Year28InvestmentIncomePriorYear
Investment Income Current Year16InvestmentIncomeCurrentYear
Other Revenue Current Year0OtherRevenueCurrentYear
Total Revenue Prior Year52036TotalRevenuePriorYear
Total Revenue Current Year16TotalRevenueCurrentYear
Grants And Similar Amnts CY0GrantsAndSimilarAmntsCY
Benefits Paid To Members CY0BenefitsPaidToMembersCY
Salaries Etc Current Year0SalariesEtcCurrentYear
Total Prof Fundrsng Exp CY0TotalProfFundrsngExpCY
Total Fundrsng Exp Current Year0TotalFundrsngExpCurrentYear
Other Expense Prior Year53491OtherExpensePriorYear
Other Expenses Current Year2561OtherExpensesCurrentYear
Total Expenses Prior Year53491TotalExpensesPriorYear
Total Expenses Current Year2561TotalExpensesCurrentYear
Revenues Less Expenses Prior Year-1455RevenuesLessExpensesPriorYear
Revenues Less Expenses CY-2545RevenuesLessExpensesCY
Total Assets BOY15001TotalAssetsBOY
Total Assets EOY13193TotalAssetsEOY
Total Liabilities EOY737TotalLiabilitiesEOY
Net Assets Or Fund Balances BOY15001NetAssetsOrFundBalancesBOY
Net Assets Or Fund Balances EOY12456NetAssetsOrFundBalancesEOY
Info In Schedule O Part IIIXInfoInScheduleOPartIII
Mission DescriptionTO PLAN, ORGANIZE, EDUCATE AND CONDUCT RESEARCH TO IMPROVE THE HEALTH STATUS OF THE COMMUNITY. BUILD MUTUALLY BENEFICIAL AND SUPPORTIVE COMMUNITY PARTNERSHIPS AMONG GROUPS AND ORGANIZATIONS CONCERNED WITH ENHANCING THE HEALTH AND WELL-BEING OF THE COMMUNITY. TO RECEIVE, ADMINISTER, AND DISTRIBUTE FUNDS ON BEHALF OF COMPREHENSIVE, COMMUNITY-BASED HEALTH CARE INITIATIVES.MissionDescription
Significant New Program ServicesfalseSignificantNewProgramServices
Significant ChangefalseSignificantChange
Expense826Expense
DescriptionMEET WITH THE REGION'S HOSPITALS' EXPERT STAFF TO DETERMINE EDUCATION NEEDS OF HEALTH CARE WORKERS. SEEK OUT AND APPLY FOR GRANTS IN ORDER TO CREATE EDUCATION PROGRAMS FOR THE REGION'S HEALTH CARE WORKERS. DEVELOP AND PRESENT PROGRAMS WITH SPEAKERS WHO CAN PROVIDE TRAINING RELEVANT TO ISSUES AS DETERMINED BY THE REGIONAL WORKFORCE GROUP.Description
Total Program Service Expense826TotalProgramServiceExpense
Described In501 C3trueDescribedIn501C3
Schedule B RequiredfalseScheduleBRequired
Political ActivitiesfalsePoliticalActivities
Lobbying ActivitiesfalseLobbyingActivities
Subject To Proxy TaxfalseSubjectToProxyTax
Donor Advised FundsfalseDonorAdvisedFunds
Conservation EasementsfalseConservationEasements
Collections Of ArtfalseCollectionsOfArt
Credit CounselingfalseCreditCounseling
Term Or Permanent EndowmentsfalseTermOrPermanentEndowments
Report Land Bldg EquiptrueReportLandBldgEquip
Report Invest Oth SecuritiesfalseReportInvestOthSecurities
Report Prog Rel InvestfalseReportProgRelInvest
Report Other AssetsfalseReportOtherAssets
Report Other LiabilitiesfalseReportOtherLiabilities
Report Fin48 FootnotefalseReportFin48Footnote
Independent Audit Financial StmtfalseIndependentAuditFinancialStmt
Consolidated Audit Financial StmtfalseConsolidatedAuditFinancialStmt
SchoolfalseSchool
Foreign OfficefalseForeignOffice
Foreign ActivitiesfalseForeignActivities
More Than5000 K To OrganizationsfalseMoreThan5000KToOrganizations
More Than5000 K To IndividualsfalseMoreThan5000KToIndividuals
Professional FundraisingfalseProfessionalFundraising
Fundraising ActivitiesfalseFundraisingActivities
GamingfalseGaming
HospitalfalseHospital
Grants To OrganizationsfalseGrantsToOrganizations
Grants To IndividualsfalseGrantsToIndividuals
Schedule J RequiredfalseScheduleJRequired
Tax Exempt BondsfalseTaxExemptBonds
Excess Benefit TransactionfalseExcessBenefitTransaction
Prior Excess Benefit TransactionfalsePriorExcessBenefitTransaction
Loan To Officer Or DQPfalseLoanToOfficerOrDQP
Grant To Related PersonfalseGrantToRelatedPerson
Bsnss Rltnshp With OrganizationfalseBsnssRltnshpWithOrganization
Bsnss Rltnshp Thru Family MemberfalseBsnssRltnshpThruFamilyMember
Officer Entity With Bsnss RltnshptrueOfficerEntityWithBsnssRltnshp
Deductible Non Cash ContributionsfalseDeductibleNonCashContributions
Deductible Contributions Of ArtfalseDeductibleContributionsOfArt
TerminatedfalseTerminated
Partial LiquidationfalsePartialLiquidation
Disregarded EntityfalseDisregardedEntity
Related EntitytrueRelatedEntity
Related Org Controlled EntityfalseRelatedOrgControlledEntity
Transaction Related EntityfalseTransactionRelatedEntity
Transfers To Exempt Non Chrtbl OrgfalseTransfersToExemptNonChrtblOrg
Activities Conducted PartnershipfalseActivitiesConductedPartnership
Schedule O RequiredtrueScheduleORequired
Number Forms Transmitted With10960NumberFormsTransmittedWith1096
Number W2 G Included0NumberW2GIncluded
Number Of Employees0NumberOfEmployees
Unrelated Business IncomefalseUnrelatedBusinessIncome
Foreign Financial AccountfalseForeignFinancialAccount
Prohibited Tax Shelter TransfalseProhibitedTaxShelterTrans
Taxable Party NotificationfalseTaxablePartyNotification
Non Deductible ContributionsfalseNonDeductibleContributions
Indoor Tanning ServicesfalseIndoorTanningServices
Info In Schedule O Part VIXInfoInScheduleOPartVI
Nbr Voting Governing Body Members17NbrVotingGoverningBodyMembers
Number Independent Voting Members0NumberIndependentVotingMembers
Family Or Business RelationshipfalseFamilyOrBusinessRelationship
Delegation Of Management DutiesfalseDelegationOfManagementDuties
Changes To Organizing DocsfalseChangesToOrganizingDocs
Material Diversion Or MisusefalseMaterialDiversionOrMisuse
Members Or StockholdersfalseMembersOrStockholders
Election Of Board MembersfalseElectionOfBoardMembers
Decisions Subject To ApprovalfalseDecisionsSubjectToApproval
Minutes Of Governing BodytrueMinutesOfGoverningBody
Minutes Of CommitteestrueMinutesOfCommittees
Officer Mailing AddressfalseOfficerMailingAddress
Local ChaptersfalseLocalChapters
Form990 Provided To Governing BodytrueForm990ProvidedToGoverningBody
Conflict Of Interest PolicyfalseConflictOfInterestPolicy
Whistleblower PolicyfalseWhistleblowerPolicy
Document Retention PolicyfalseDocumentRetentionPolicy
Compensation Process CEOtrueCompensationProcessCEO
Compensation Process OtherfalseCompensationProcessOther
Investment In Joint VenturefalseInvestmentInJointVenture
Other WebsiteXOtherWebsite
Upon RequestXUponRequest

The Books Are In Care Of TheBooksAreInCareOf

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Name PersonELIZABETH SCHNETTLERNamePerson
Telephone Number9898918810TelephoneNumber

Address US AddressUS

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Address Line1315 MULHOLLAND STREETAddressLine1
CityBAY CITYCity
StateMIState
ZIP Code48708ZIPCode
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
No Listed Persons CompensatedXNoListedPersonsCompensated

Form990 Part VII Section A Form990PartVIISectionA (16 entries)

TitleTitleAverage Hours Per WeekAverageHoursPerWeekIndividual Trustee Or DirectorIndividualTrusteeOrDirectorOfficerOfficerReportable Comp From OrganizationReportableCompFromOrganizationReportable Comp From Related OrgsReportableCompFromRelatedOrgsOther CompensationOtherCompensation
ALICE GERARD
CHAIR0.00XX000
WILLIAM MILLER
TRUSTEE0.00X000
WILLIAM LAWRENCE
TRUSTEE0.00X000
SPENCER T MAIDLOW
TRUSTEE1.00X000
ANN BALFOUR
TRUSTEE0.00X000
ED GAMACHE
TRUSTEE0.00X000
LESTER HEYBOER JR
TRUSTEE0.00X000
MICHAEL J FALATKO
TRUSTEE0.00X000
ELIZABETH SCHNETTLER
PRESIDENT1.00XX000
JANET STERNBERG
TRUSTEE0.00X000
DAN BABCOCK
TRUSTEE0.00X000
STEVE BARNETT
TRUSTEE0.00X000
DWIGHT GASCHO
TRUSTEE0.00X000
JOHN R GRAHAM
TRUSTEE0.00X000
EDWARD NAPIERALS
TRUSTEEX000
SHERI LEAMAN-CASE
TRUSTEE0.00X000
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Formers ListedfalseFormersListed
Total Comp GT150 KfalseTotalCompGT150K
Compensation From Other SourcesfalseCompensationFromOtherSources

Investment Income InvestmentIncome

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column16TotalRevenueColumn
Exclusion$16ExclusionAmount

Total Revenue TotalRevenue

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column16TotalRevenueColumn
Exclusion$16ExclusionAmount

Fees For Services Accounting FeesForServicesAccounting

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total1250Total
Management And General1250ManagementAndGeneral

Office Expenses OfficeExpenses

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total970Total
Program Services485ProgramServices
Management And General485ManagementAndGeneral

Depreciation Depletion DepreciationDepletion

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total341Total
Program Services341ProgramServices

Total Functional Expenses TotalFunctionalExpenses

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total2561Total
Program Services826ProgramServices
Management And General1735ManagementAndGeneral
Fundraising0Fundraising

Cash Non Interest Bearing CashNonInterestBearing

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY14265BOY
EOY11740EOY
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Land Buildings Equipment Basis5429LandBuildingsEquipmentBasis
Land Bldg Equipment Accum Deprec3976LandBldgEquipmentAccumDeprec

Land Buildings Equipment Basis Net LandBuildingsEquipmentBasisNet

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY736BOY
EOY1453EOY

Total Assets TotalAssets

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY15001BOY
EOY13193EOY

Accounts Payable Accrued Expenses AccountsPayableAccruedExpenses

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
EOY737EOY

Total Liabilities TotalLiabilities

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY0BOY
EOY737EOY
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Follow SFAS117XFollowSFAS117

Unrestricted Net Assets UnrestrictedNetAssets

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY15001BOY
EOY12456EOY

Total Net Assets Fund Balances TotalNetAssetsFundBalances

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY15001BOY
EOY12456EOY

Total Liab Net Assets Fund Balances TotalLiabNetAssetsFundBalances

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY15001BOY
EOY13193EOY
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Reconcilation Revenue Expenses-2545ReconcilationRevenueExpenses
Method Of Accounting AccrualXMethodOfAccountingAccrual
Accountant Compile Or ReviewtrueAccountantCompileOrReview
FS AuditedfalseFSAudited
Audit CommitteetrueAuditCommittee
Federal Grant Audit RequiredfalseFederalGrantAuditRequired

Schedule A IRS990ScheduleA

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Publicly Supported Org170b1 AviXPubliclySupportedOrg170b1Avi

Gifts Grants Contrib Received170 GiftsGrantsContribReceived170

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Current Tax Year Minus4 Years240652CurrentTaxYearMinus4Years
Current Tax Year Minus3 Years244058CurrentTaxYearMinus3Years
Current Tax Year Minus2 Years64203CurrentTaxYearMinus2Years
Current Tax Year Minus1 Year52008CurrentTaxYearMinus1Year
Total600921Total

Total170 Total170

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Current Tax Year Minus4 Years240652CurrentTaxYearMinus4Years
Current Tax Year Minus3 Years244058CurrentTaxYearMinus3Years
Current Tax Year Minus2 Years64203CurrentTaxYearMinus2Years
Current Tax Year Minus1 Year52008CurrentTaxYearMinus1Year
Total600921Total
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Public Support Total170600921PublicSupportTotal170

Gross Investment Income170 GrossInvestmentIncome170

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Current Tax Year Minus4 Years94CurrentTaxYearMinus4Years
Current Tax Year Minus3 Years130CurrentTaxYearMinus3Years
Current Tax Year Minus2 Years44CurrentTaxYearMinus2Years
Current Tax Year Minus1 Year28CurrentTaxYearMinus1Year
Current Tax Year16CurrentTaxYear
Total312Total
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Support601233TotalSupport
Public Support Pertcentage1700.99950PublicSupportPertcentage170
Public Support Pertcent Prior Year0.99960PublicSupportPertcentPriorYear
Thirty Three Percnt Tests CY170XThirtyThreePercntTestsCY170

Schedule D IRS990ScheduleD

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Disclosed Orgs Legal ControlfalseDisclosedOrgsLegalControl
Disclosed For Charitable PurposesfalseDisclosedForCharitablePurposes
Written Policy MonitoringfalseWrittenPolicyMonitoring
Sect170h Requirements SatisfiedfalseSect170hRequirementsSatisfied
Solicited Assets For SalefalseSolicitedAssetsForSale
Agent Trustee EtcfalseAgentTrusteeEtc
Included On FSfalseIncludedOnFS
Endowments Held By Unrelated OrgsfalseEndowmentsHeldByUnrelatedOrgs
Endowments Held By Related OrgsfalseEndowmentsHeldByRelatedOrgs
Are Related Orgs Listed Schedule RfalseAreRelatedOrgsListedScheduleR

Equipment Equipment

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Other Cost Or Other Basis5429OtherCostOrOtherBasis
Depreciation3976Depreciation
Book Value1453BookValue
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Of Book Value Land Buildings1453TotalOfBookValueLandBuildings

Schedule L IRS990ScheduleL

Form990 Schedule L Part IV Form990ScheduleLPartIV

Name Of Interested Person NameOfInterestedPerson

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Name PersonHOSPITAL COUNCIL OF EAST CENTRAL MINamePerson
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
RelationshipSHARED BOARDRelationship
Description Of TransactionSHARED MANAGEMENTDescriptionOfTransaction
Sharing Of RevenuesfalseSharingOfRevenues

Schedule O IRS990ScheduleO

General Explanation GeneralExplanation (4 entries)

IdentifierIdentifierReturn ReferenceReturnReferenceExplanationExplanation
ORGANIZATION'S MISSIONFORM 990 - ORGANIZATION'S MISSIONTO PLAN, ORGANIZE, EDUCATE AND CONDUCT RESEARCH TO IMPROVE THE HEALTH STATUS OF THE COMMUNITY. BUILD MUTUALLY BENEFICIAL AND SUPPORTIVE COMMUNITY PARTNERSHIPS AMONG GROUPS AND ORGANIZATIONS CONCERNED WITH ENHANCING THE HEALTH AND WELL-BEING OF THE COMMUNITY. TO RECEIVE, ADMINISTER, AND DISTRIBUTE FUNDS ON BEHALF OF COMPREHENSIVE, COMMUNITY-BASED HEALTH CARE INITIATIVES.
ORGANIZATION'S PROCESS USED TO REVIEW FORM 990FORM 990, PAGE 6, PART VI, LINE 11BFORM 990 IS REVIEWED BY THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE PRIOR TO BEING FILED.
COMPENSATION PROCESS FOR TOP OFFICIALFORM 990, PAGE 6, PART VI, LINE 15ATHE PRESIDENT IS AN EMPLOYEE OF HOSPITAL COUNCIL OF EAST CENTRAL MICHIGAN AND RECEIVES AN ANNUAL REVIEW BY THEIR EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE WHO THEN DETERMINES COMPENSATION.
GOVERNING DOCUMENTS DISCLOSURE EXPLANATIONFORM 990, PAGE 6, PART VI, LINE 19GOVERNING DOCUMENTS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ARE AVAILABLE UPON REQUEST.

Schedule R IRS990ScheduleR

Form990 Schedule R Part II Form990ScheduleRPartII

Name Of Disregarded Entity NameOfDisregardedEntity

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1HOSPITAL CONCIL OF EAST CENTRAL MIBusinessNameLine1

Address US AddressUS

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Address Line1315 MULHOLLAND STREETAddressLine1
CityBAY CITYCity
StateMIState
ZIP Code48708ZIPCode
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
EIN382348774EIN
Primary ActivitiesEDUCATIONPrimaryActivities
Legal Domicile StateMILegalDomicileState
Exempt Code Section501C6ExemptCodeSection
Direct Controlling Entity NAN/ADirectControllingEntityNA
Controlled OrgfalseControlledOrg
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Receipt Of Int Ann Rents RoyaltiesfalseReceiptOfIntAnnRentsRoyalties
Gift Grant Or Cap Contr To Other OrgfalseGiftGrantOrCapContrToOtherOrg
Gift Grant Or Cap Contr Fr Other OrgfalseGiftGrantOrCapContrFrOtherOrg
Loans Or Guarantees To Other OrgfalseLoansOrGuaranteesToOtherOrg
Loans Or Guarantees From Other OrgfalseLoansOrGuaranteesFromOtherOrg
Sale Of Assets To Other OrgfalseSaleOfAssetsToOtherOrg
Purchase Of Assets From Other OrgfalsePurchaseOfAssetsFromOtherOrg
Exchange Of AssetsfalseExchangeOfAssets
Rental Of Facilities To Other OrgsfalseRentalOfFacilitiesToOtherOrgs
Rental Of Facilities Fr Other OrgsfalseRentalOfFacilitiesFrOtherOrgs
Perform Of Services For Other OrgsfalsePerformOfServicesForOtherOrgs
Perform Of Services By Other OrgstruePerformOfServicesByOtherOrgs
Sharing Of FacilitiestrueSharingOfFacilities
Sharing Of Paid EmployeestrueSharingOfPaidEmployees
Reimbursement Paid To Other OrgfalseReimbursementPaidToOtherOrg
Reimbursement Paid By Other OrgfalseReimbursementPaidByOtherOrg
Other Transfer To Other OrgfalseOtherTransferToOtherOrg
Other Transfer From Other OrgfalseOtherTransferFromOtherOrg

Form990 Schedule R Part VII Form990ScheduleRPartVII

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
IdentifierADDITIONAL INFORMATIONIdentifier
Return ReferenceSCHEDULE RReturnReference
ExplanationHOSPITAL COUNCIL OF EAST CENTRAL MI PROVIDES PERSONNEL AND FACILITIES TO EAST CENTRAL MICHIGAN HEALTHCARE FOUNDATION FOR A FEE THEY HAVE THE SAME BOARD OF DIRECTORS AND MANAGEMENTExplanation

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