CENTER FOR MIGRATION STUDIES OF NEW YORK INC: Form 990, tax year 2012

View the entire original 990 at ProPublica ↗

Organization
CENTER FOR MIGRATION STUDIES OF NEW YORK INC (EIN 23-7036022)
Tax period
2012-01-01 to 2012-12-31
Filed
2013-06-12
IRS object ID
201341639349300714
Schema version
2012v2.0
Source
Download XML · Original 990 at ProPublica

Every field in the e-filed return. Faint text is the IRS element name, for citing.

Return header ReturnHeader

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Timestamp2013-06-12T08:50:01-07:00Timestamp
Tax Period End Date2012-12-31TaxPeriodEndDate

Preparer Firm PreparerFirm

Preparer Firm Business Name PreparerFirmBusinessName

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1ARISTIDE CPA&BUSINESS CONSULTANT PLLCBusinessNameLine1

Preparer Firm US Address PreparerFirmUSAddress

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Address Line1PO BOX 360377AddressLine1
CityBROOKLYNCity
StateNYState
ZIP Code112360377ZIPCode
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Return Type990ReturnType
Tax Period Begin Date2012-01-01TaxPeriodBeginDate

Filer Filer

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
EIN237036022EIN

Name Name

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1CENTER FOR MIGRATION STUDIES OF NEW YORKBusinessNameLine1
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Name ControlCENTNameControl
Phone2126753993Phone

US Address USAddress

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Address Line127 CARMINE STREETAddressLine1
CityNEW YORKCity
StateNYState
ZIP Code10014ZIPCode

Officer Officer

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
NameDONALD KERWINName
TitleEXECUTIVE DIRECTORTitle
Phone2126753993Phone
Date Signed2013-06-10DateSigned
Authorize Third PartytrueAuthorizeThirdParty

Preparer Preparer

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
NameSHERWOOD ARISTIDEName
Phone3477138477Phone
Date Prepared2013-06-12DatePrepared
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Tax Year2012TaxYear
Build TS2016-02-24 21:20:13ZBuildTS

Form 990 IRS990

Name Of Principal Officer Business NameOfPrincipalOfficerBusiness

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1DONALD KERWINBusinessNameLine1

Address Principal Officer US AddressPrincipalOfficerUS

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Address Line127 CARMINE STREETAddressLine1
CityNEW YORKCity
StateNYState
ZIP Code10014ZIPCode
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Gross Receipts601365GrossReceipts
Group Return For AffiliatesfalseGroupReturnForAffiliates
Organization501c3XOrganization501c3
Web Sitehttp://cmsny.org/WebSite
Type Of Organization CorporationXTypeOfOrganizationCorporation
Year Formation1946YearFormation
State Legal DomicileNYStateLegalDomicile
Activity Or Mission DescriptionThe Center for Migration Studies New York-based educational institute devoted to the study of international migration, to the promotion of understanding between immigrants and receiving communities, and to public policies that safeguard the dignity and rights of migrants, refugees and newcomers.ActivityOrMissionDescription
Nbr Voting Members Governing Body8NbrVotingMembersGoverningBody
Nbr Independent Voting Members7NbrIndependentVotingMembers
Total Nbr Employees3TotalNbrEmployees
Total Nbr Volunteers0TotalNbrVolunteers
Total Gross UBI0TotalGrossUBI
Contributions Grants Prior Year78517ContributionsGrantsPriorYear
Contributions Grants Current Year482880ContributionsGrantsCurrentYear
Program Service Revenue Prior Year89096ProgramServiceRevenuePriorYear
Program Service Revenue CY118485ProgramServiceRevenueCY
Investment Income Prior Year-3513InvestmentIncomePriorYear
Investment Income Current Year0InvestmentIncomeCurrentYear
Other Revenue Current Year0OtherRevenueCurrentYear
Total Revenue Prior Year164100TotalRevenuePriorYear
Total Revenue Current Year601365TotalRevenueCurrentYear
Grants And Similar Amnts CY0GrantsAndSimilarAmntsCY
Benefits Paid To Members CY0BenefitsPaidToMembersCY
Salaries Etc Prior Year189273SalariesEtcPriorYear
Salaries Etc Current Year174267SalariesEtcCurrentYear
Total Prof Fundrsng Exp CY0TotalProfFundrsngExpCY
Total Fundrsng Exp Current Year0TotalFundrsngExpCurrentYear
Other Expense Prior Year41460OtherExpensePriorYear
Other Expenses Current Year198745OtherExpensesCurrentYear
Total Expenses Prior Year230733TotalExpensesPriorYear
Total Expenses Current Year373012TotalExpensesCurrentYear
Revenues Less Expenses Prior Year-66633RevenuesLessExpensesPriorYear
Revenues Less Expenses CY228353RevenuesLessExpensesCY
Total Assets BOY1031270TotalAssetsBOY
Total Assets EOY273975TotalAssetsEOY
Total Liabilities BOY119608TotalLiabilitiesBOY
Total Liabilities EOY110247TotalLiabilitiesEOY
Net Assets Or Fund Balances BOY911662NetAssetsOrFundBalancesBOY
Net Assets Or Fund Balances EOY163728NetAssetsOrFundBalancesEOY
Mission DescriptionThe Center for Migration StudiesMissionDescription
Significant New Program ServicesfalseSignificantNewProgramServices
Significant ChangefalseSignificantChange
Expense130177Expense
Grants24000Grants
DescriptionTHE CENTER FOR MIGRATION STUDIES OF NEW YORK (CMS) PUBLISHES THE INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION REVIEW (IMR), ONE OF THE LEADING SOCIAL SCIENCE JOURNALS IN THE FIELD, AS WELL AS BOOKS, OCASSIONAL PAPERS AND CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. ITS STAFF ALSO AUTHORED BOOK CHAPTERS, REPORTS, ARTICLES AND SUBSTANTIVE BLOGS DURING THE YEAR. IN 2012, CMS ALSO LAID THE GROUNDWORK THROUGH EXTENSIVE PLANNING ACTIVITIES FOR A NEW PUBLIC POLICY JOURNAL.Description

Activity2 Activity2

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Expense162722Expense
DescriptionCMS OFFERED 10 CONFERENCES, TRAINING, SYMPOSIA AND DIALOGUES ON INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION IN 2012. THESE EVENTS COVERED VARIOUS CUTTING-EDGE ISSUES AND RAN THE GAMUT FROM LARGERMULTI-DAY GATHERINGS, TO SMALLER DIALOGUES WITH POLICYMAKERS. CMS ALSO SPOKE IN 15 PUBLIC EVENTS SPONSORED BY OTHER ENTITIES.Description

Activity3 Activity3

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Expense32544Expense
DescriptionCMS MAINTAINS ONE OF THE MOST EXTENSIVE ARCHIVAL COLLECTIONS ON THE HISTORY OF IMMIGRATION TO THE UNITED STATES. ITS HOLDINGS INCLUDE CASE HISTORIES OF IMMIGRANTS ASSISTED BY AGENCIES WORKING ON ELLIS ISLAND; THE RECORDS OF IMMIGRANT ADVOCACY GROUPS AND COMMUNITY INSTITUTIONS; THE RECORDS OF THE NATIONAL CATHOLIC WELFARE CONFERENCE, BUREAU OF IMMIGRATION; MORE THAN 5,000 PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE IMMIGRANT EXPERIENCE; AND THE LARGEST SURVIVING COLLECTION OF MATERIAL - INCLUDING PHOTOGRAPHS - RELATED TODescription
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Program Service Expense325443TotalProgramServiceExpense
Described In501 C3trueDescribedIn501C3
Schedule B RequiredtrueScheduleBRequired
Political ActivitiesfalsePoliticalActivities
Lobbying ActivitiesfalseLobbyingActivities
Subject To Proxy TaxfalseSubjectToProxyTax
Donor Advised FundsfalseDonorAdvisedFunds
Conservation EasementsfalseConservationEasements
Collections Of ArtfalseCollectionsOfArt
Credit CounselingfalseCreditCounseling
Term Or Permanent EndowmentsfalseTermOrPermanentEndowments
Report Land Bldg EquipfalseReportLandBldgEquip
Report Invest Oth SecuritiesfalseReportInvestOthSecurities
Report Prog Rel InvestfalseReportProgRelInvest
Report Other AssetsfalseReportOtherAssets
Report Other LiabilitiestrueReportOtherLiabilities
Report Fin48 FootnotefalseReportFin48Footnote
Independent Audit Financial StmttrueIndependentAuditFinancialStmt
Consolidated Audit Financial StmtfalseConsolidatedAuditFinancialStmt
SchoolfalseSchool
Foreign OfficefalseForeignOffice
Foreign ActivitiesfalseForeignActivities
More Than5000 K To OrganizationsfalseMoreThan5000KToOrganizations
More Than5000 K To IndividualsfalseMoreThan5000KToIndividuals
Professional FundraisingfalseProfessionalFundraising
Fundraising ActivitiesfalseFundraisingActivities
GamingfalseGaming
HospitalfalseHospital
Grants To OrganizationsfalseGrantsToOrganizations
Grants To IndividualsfalseGrantsToIndividuals
Schedule J RequiredfalseScheduleJRequired
Tax Exempt BondsfalseTaxExemptBonds
Excess Benefit TransactionfalseExcessBenefitTransaction
Prior Excess Benefit TransactionfalsePriorExcessBenefitTransaction
Loan To Officer Or DQPfalseLoanToOfficerOrDQP
Grant To Related PersonfalseGrantToRelatedPerson
Bsnss Rltnshp With OrganizationfalseBsnssRltnshpWithOrganization
Bsnss Rltnshp Thru Family MemberfalseBsnssRltnshpThruFamilyMember
Officer Entity With Bsnss RltnshptrueOfficerEntityWithBsnssRltnshp
Deductible Non Cash ContributionsfalseDeductibleNonCashContributions
Deductible Contributions Of ArtfalseDeductibleContributionsOfArt
TerminatedfalseTerminated
Partial LiquidationfalsePartialLiquidation
Disregarded EntityfalseDisregardedEntity
Related EntityfalseRelatedEntity
Related Org Controlled EntityfalseRelatedOrgControlledEntity
Transaction Related EntityfalseTransactionRelatedEntity
Activities Conducted PartnershipfalseActivitiesConductedPartnership
Schedule O RequiredtrueScheduleORequired
Number Forms Transmitted With10960NumberFormsTransmittedWith1096
Number W2 G Included0NumberW2GIncluded
Number Of Employees3NumberOfEmployees
Employment Tax Returns FiledtrueEmploymentTaxReturnsFiled
Unrelated Business IncomefalseUnrelatedBusinessIncome
Foreign Financial AccountfalseForeignFinancialAccount
Prohibited Tax Shelter TransfalseProhibitedTaxShelterTrans
Taxable Party NotificationfalseTaxablePartyNotification
Non Deductible ContributionsfalseNonDeductibleContributions
Quid Pro Quo ContributionsfalseQuidProQuoContributions
Form8282 Property Disposed OffalseForm8282PropertyDisposedOf
Funds To Pay PremiumsfalseFundsToPayPremiums
Premiums PaidfalsePremiumsPaid
Indoor Tanning ServicesfalseIndoorTanningServices
Info In Schedule O Part VIXInfoInScheduleOPartVI
Nbr Voting Governing Body Members8NbrVotingGoverningBodyMembers
Number Independent Voting Members7NumberIndependentVotingMembers
Family Or Business RelationshipfalseFamilyOrBusinessRelationship
Delegation Of Management DutiesfalseDelegationOfManagementDuties
Changes To Organizing DocsfalseChangesToOrganizingDocs
Material Diversion Or MisusefalseMaterialDiversionOrMisuse
Members Or StockholdersfalseMembersOrStockholders
Election Of Board MembersfalseElectionOfBoardMembers
Decisions Subject To ApprovalfalseDecisionsSubjectToApproval
Minutes Of Governing BodytrueMinutesOfGoverningBody
Minutes Of CommitteestrueMinutesOfCommittees
Officer Mailing AddressfalseOfficerMailingAddress
Local ChaptersfalseLocalChapters
Form990 Provided To Governing BodytrueForm990ProvidedToGoverningBody
Conflict Of Interest PolicyfalseConflictOfInterestPolicy
Whistleblower PolicyfalseWhistleblowerPolicy
Document Retention PolicyfalseDocumentRetentionPolicy
Compensation Process CEOfalseCompensationProcessCEO
Compensation Process OtherfalseCompensationProcessOther
Investment In Joint VenturefalseInvestmentInJointVenture
Upon RequestXUponRequest

The Books Are In Care Of TheBooksAreInCareOf

Name Business NameBusiness

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1DONALD KERWINBusinessNameLine1
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Telephone Number2126753993TelephoneNumber

Address US AddressUS

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Address Line127 CARMINE STREETAddressLine1
CityNEW YORKCity
StateNYState
ZIP Code10014ZIPCode

Form990 Part VII Section A Form990PartVIISectionA

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Name PersonDONALD KERWINNamePerson
TitleExecutive DirectorTitle
Average Hours Per Week40.00AverageHoursPerWeek
Key EmployeeXKeyEmployee
Reportable Comp From Organization130505ReportableCompFromOrganization
Reportable Comp From Related Orgs0ReportableCompFromRelatedOrgs
Other Compensation0OtherCompensation
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Reportable Comp From Org130505TotalReportableCompFromOrg
Number Individuals GT100 K1NumberIndividualsGT100K
Formers ListedfalseFormersListed
Total Comp GT150 KfalseTotalCompGT150K
Compensation From Other SourcesfalseCompensationFromOtherSources
Related Organizations75539RelatedOrganizations
All Other Contributions407341AllOtherContributions
Noncash Contributions12000NoncashContributions
Total Contributions482880TotalContributions

Program Service Revenue ProgramServiceRevenue

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
DescriptionRoyaltiesDescription
Business Code511120BusinessCode
Total Revenue Column118485TotalRevenueColumn
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Program Service Revenue118485TotalProgramServiceRevenue

Total Revenue TotalRevenue

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column601365TotalRevenueColumn
Related Or Exempt Function Income118485RelatedOrExemptFunctionIncome

Comp Current Officers Directors CompCurrentOfficersDirectors

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total130515Total
Program Services117464ProgramServices
Management And General13051ManagementAndGeneral
Fundraising0Fundraising

Comp Disqual Persons CompDisqualPersons

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total43752Total
Program Services39377ProgramServices
Management And General4375ManagementAndGeneral
Fundraising0Fundraising

Fees For Services Accounting FeesForServicesAccounting

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total10351Total
Program Services0ProgramServices
Management And General10351ManagementAndGeneral
Fundraising0Fundraising

Office Expenses OfficeExpenses

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total7653Total
Program Services6505ProgramServices
Management And General1148ManagementAndGeneral
Fundraising0Fundraising

Occupancy Occupancy

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total12000Total
Program Services10200ProgramServices
Management And General1800ManagementAndGeneral
Fundraising0Fundraising

Travel Travel

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total10482Total
Program Services10482ProgramServices
Management And General0ManagementAndGeneral
Fundraising0Fundraising

Insurance Insurance

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total48322Total
Program Services48322ProgramServices
Management And General0ManagementAndGeneral
Fundraising0Fundraising

Other Expenses OtherExpenses (4 entries)

DescriptionDescriptionTotalTotalProgram ServicesProgramServicesManagement And GeneralManagementAndGeneralFundraisingFundraising
Research4381438100
Professinal Services5550041625138750
Progam/Mgmt expenses260722607200
Donation3930393000

All Other Expenses AllOtherExpenses

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total20054Total
Program Services17085ProgramServices
Management And General2969ManagementAndGeneral
Fundraising0Fundraising

Total Functional Expenses TotalFunctionalExpenses

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total373012Total
Program Services325443ProgramServices
Management And General47569ManagementAndGeneral
Fundraising0Fundraising

Savings And Temp Cash Investments SavingsAndTempCashInvestments

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY42406BOY
EOY143662EOY

Accounts Receivable AccountsReceivable

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
EOY129789EOY

Prepaid Expenses Deferred Charges PrepaidExpensesDeferredCharges

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
EOY524EOY

Investments Pub Traded Securities InvestmentsPubTradedSecurities

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY988864BOY

Total Assets TotalAssets

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY1031270BOY
EOY273975EOY

Accounts Payable Accrued Expenses AccountsPayableAccruedExpenses

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY19608BOY
EOY10247EOY

Other Liabilities OtherLiabilities

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY100000BOY
EOY100000EOY

Total Liabilities TotalLiabilities

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY119608BOY
EOY110247EOY
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Do Not Follow SFAS117XDoNotFollowSFAS117

Retained Earnings Endowment Etc RetainedEarningsEndowmentEtc

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY911662BOY
EOY163728EOY

Total Net Assets Fund Balances TotalNetAssetsFundBalances

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY911662BOY
EOY163728EOY

Total Liab Net Assets Fund Balances TotalLiabNetAssetsFundBalances

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY1031270BOY
EOY273975EOY
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Reconcilation Revenue Expenses228353ReconcilationRevenueExpenses
Reconcilation Prior Adjustment-976287ReconcilationPriorAdjustment
Method Of Accounting AccrualXMethodOfAccountingAccrual
Accountant Compile Or ReviewfalseAccountantCompileOrReview
FS AuditedtrueFSAudited

FS Audited Basis FSAuditedBasis

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Financial Statement SeparateXFinancialStatementSeparate
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Audit CommitteetrueAuditCommittee
Federal Grant Audit RequiredfalseFederalGrantAuditRequired

Schedule A IRS990ScheduleA

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Publicly Supported Org509a2XPubliclySupportedOrg509a2
Public Support Total1700PublicSupportTotal170

Gross Investment Income170 GrossInvestmentIncome170

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total0Total
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Public Support Pertcentage1700PublicSupportPertcentage170

Gifts Grants Contrib Received509 GiftsGrantsContribReceived509

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Current Tax Year Minus4 Years106857CurrentTaxYearMinus4Years
Current Tax Year Minus3 Years195445CurrentTaxYearMinus3Years
Current Tax Year Minus2 Years174623CurrentTaxYearMinus2Years
Current Tax Year Minus1 Year78517CurrentTaxYearMinus1Year
Current Tax Year482984CurrentTaxYear
Total1038426Total

Gross Receipts From Admissions GrossReceiptsFromAdmissions

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Current Tax Year Minus4 Years252285CurrentTaxYearMinus4Years
Current Tax Year Minus3 Years2261CurrentTaxYearMinus3Years
Current Tax Year118381CurrentTaxYear
Total372927Total

Total509 Total509

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Current Tax Year Minus4 Years359142CurrentTaxYearMinus4Years
Current Tax Year Minus3 Years197706CurrentTaxYearMinus3Years
Current Tax Year Minus2 Years174623CurrentTaxYearMinus2Years
Current Tax Year Minus1 Year78517CurrentTaxYearMinus1Year
Current Tax Year601365CurrentTaxYear
Total1411353Total
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Public Support Total5091411353PublicSupportTotal509

Gross Investment Income509 GrossInvestmentIncome509

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Current Tax Year Minus4 Years46CurrentTaxYearMinus4Years
Current Tax Year Minus3 Years138899CurrentTaxYearMinus3Years
Current Tax Year Minus2 Years90307CurrentTaxYearMinus2Years
Current Tax Year Minus1 Year85583CurrentTaxYearMinus1Year
Total314835Total

Investment Income And UBTI InvestmentIncomeAndUBTI

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Current Tax Year Minus4 Years46CurrentTaxYearMinus4Years
Current Tax Year Minus3 Years138899CurrentTaxYearMinus3Years
Current Tax Year Minus2 Years90307CurrentTaxYearMinus2Years
Current Tax Year Minus1 Year85583CurrentTaxYearMinus1Year
Total314835Total

Total Support Total TotalSupportTotal

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total1726188Total
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Public Support Percentage5090.81760PublicSupportPercentage509
Prior Year Support Percentage0.80440PriorYearSupportPercentage
Investment Income Percentage0.18240InvestmentIncomePercentage
Prior Yr Invest Income Percentage0.19560PriorYrInvestIncomePercentage
Thirty Three Percnt Tests CY509XThirtyThreePercntTestsCY509

Schedule B IRS990ScheduleB

Contributor Info ContributorInfo

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Contributor NumberRESTRICTEDContributorNumber

Contributor Name Business ContributorNameBusiness

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1RESTRICTEDBusinessNameLine1

Contributor Address US ContributorAddressUS

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Address Line1RESTRICTEDAddressLine1
Address Line2RESTRICTEDAddressLine2
CityRESTRICTEDCity
StateRESTRICTEDState
ZIP CodeRESTRICTEDZIPCode
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Aggregate ContributionsRESTRICTEDAggregateContributions

Schedule D IRS990ScheduleD

Other Liabilities OtherLiabilities

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
DescriptionDue to related partyDescription
Amount$100,000Amount
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Of Amounts100000TotalOfAmounts

Schedule L IRS990ScheduleL

Form990 Schedule L Part IV Form990ScheduleLPartIV

Name Of Interested Person NameOfInterestedPerson

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Name PersonE PIOUS SOCIETY OF THE MISSIONARIESNamePerson
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
RelationshipShare Bd. MembersRelationship
Amount Of Transaction75539AmountOfTransaction
Description Of TransactionSupportDescriptionOfTransaction
Sharing Of RevenuesfalseSharingOfRevenues

Schedule O IRS990ScheduleO

General Explanation GeneralExplanation (6 entries)

IdentifierIdentifierExplanationExplanation
Pt VI, Line 11bBoard members have received a copy of form 990 via e-mail
Pt VI, Line 12cEnforcement of compliance are discussed during bd. meetings
Form 990EZ, Part I, Line 16BANK CHARGE OFFICE DONATION CONFERENCE & RESEARCH OTHER EXPENSE
Form 990EZ, Part II, Line 24ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET EQUIPMENT INVESTMENTS
Form 990EZ, Part II, Line 26ACCRUED EXPENSES
Form 990, Part IX, Line 24fEDITORIAL BOARD EXPENSES 369. 369. 0. 0. ENTERTAIMMENT 97. 97. MEMBERSHIP DUES 535. 535. UTILITIES 12391. 9547. 2844. STATE 125. 0. 125. TRADEMARK REGISTRATION 385. 385. VOLUNTEER COSTS 1322. 1322. WEBSITE 3385. 3385. MISC. 1445. 1445.

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