POLICE EXECUTIVE RESEARCH FORUM: Form 990, tax year 2013

View the entire original 990 at ProPublica ↗

Organization
POLICE EXECUTIVE RESEARCH FORUM (EIN 52-1101422)
Tax period
2013-01-01 to 2013-12-31
Filed
2014-11-14
IRS object ID
201423189349300732
Schema version
2013v3.0
Source
Download XML · Original 990 at ProPublica

Every field in the e-filed return. Faint text is the IRS element name, for citing.

Return header ReturnHeader

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Return2014-11-14T07:43:43-06:00ReturnTs
Tax Period End2013-12-31TaxPeriodEndDt

Preparer Firm PreparerFirmGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Preparer Firm EIN420714325PreparerFirmEIN

Preparer Firm Name PreparerFirmName

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1MCGLADREY LLPBusinessNameLine1

Preparer US Address PreparerUSAddress

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Address Line11861 INTERNATIONAL DRIVE SUITE 400AddressLine1
CityMCLEANCity
StateVAState
ZIP Code22102ZIPCode
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Return Type990ReturnTypeCd
Tax Period Begin2013-01-01TaxPeriodBeginDt

Filer Filer

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
EIN521101422EIN

Business Name BusinessName

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1POLICE EXECUTIVE RESEARCH FORUMBusinessNameLine1
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Business Name ControlPOLIBusinessNameControlTxt
Phone2024667820PhoneNum

US Address USAddress

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Address Line11120 CONNECTICUT AVENUE NW NO 930AddressLine1
CityWASHINGTONCity
StateDCState
ZIP Code20036ZIPCode

Business Officer BusinessOfficerGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
PersonCHUCK WEXLERPersonNm
Person TitleEXECUTIVE DIRECTORPersonTitleTxt
Phone2024667820PhoneNum
Signature2014-11-05SignatureDt
Discuss With Paid PreparerYes (1)DiscussWithPaidPreparerInd

Preparer Person PreparerPersonGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Preparer PersonYONG ZHANG CPAPreparerPersonNm
PTINP01249785PTIN
Phone7033366400PhoneNum
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Tax2013TaxYr
Build TS2015-11-30 17:44:51ZBuildTS

Form 990 IRS990

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Principal OfficerCHUCK WEXLERPrincipalOfficerNm

US Address USAddress

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Address Line11120 CONNECTICUT AVENUE NW NO 930AddressLine1
CityWASHINGTONCity
StateDCState
ZIP Code20036ZIPCode
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Gross Receipts$6,617,836GrossReceiptsAmt
Group Return For Affiliates0GroupReturnForAffiliatesInd
Organization501c3Yes (X)Organization501c3Ind
Website AddressWWW.POLICEFORUM.ORGWebsiteAddressTxt
Type Of Organization CorpYes (X)TypeOfOrganizationCorpInd
Formation1978FormationYr
Legal Domicile StateDCLegalDomicileStateCd
Activity Or MissionPERF CONDUCTS RESEARCH ON BEST PRACTICES AND POLICIES IN POLICING, AND DISSEMINATES FINDINGS TO THE FIELD.ActivityOrMissionDesc
Voting Members Governing Body8VotingMembersGoverningBodyCnt
Voting Members Independent8VotingMembersIndependentCnt
Total Employee33TotalEmployeeCnt
Total Volunteers8TotalVolunteersCnt
Total Gross UBI$0TotalGrossUBIAmt
Net Unrelated Bus Txbl Incm$0NetUnrelatedBusTxblIncmAmt
PY Contributions Grants$2,889,841PYContributionsGrantsAmt
CY Contributions Grants$3,358,264CYContributionsGrantsAmt
PY Program Service Revenue$2,899,960PYProgramServiceRevenueAmt
CY Program Service Revenue$2,771,686CYProgramServiceRevenueAmt
PY Investment Income$52,650PYInvestmentIncomeAmt
CY Investment Income$42,129CYInvestmentIncomeAmt
PY Other Revenue$6,798PYOtherRevenueAmt
CY Other Revenue$6,383CYOtherRevenueAmt
PY Total Revenue$5,849,249PYTotalRevenueAmt
CY Total Revenue$6,178,462CYTotalRevenueAmt
PY Grants And Similar Paid$0PYGrantsAndSimilarPaidAmt
CY Grants And Similar Paid$0CYGrantsAndSimilarPaidAmt
PY Benefits Paid To Members$0PYBenefitsPaidToMembersAmt
CY Benefits Paid To Members$0CYBenefitsPaidToMembersAmt
PY Salaries Comp Emp Bnft Paid$2,028,173PYSalariesCompEmpBnftPaidAmt
CY Salaries Comp Emp Bnft Paid$2,226,993CYSalariesCompEmpBnftPaidAmt
PY Total Prof Fndrsng Expns$0PYTotalProfFndrsngExpnsAmt
CY Total Prof Fndrsng Expns$0CYTotalProfFndrsngExpnsAmt
CY Total Fundraising Expense$0CYTotalFundraisingExpenseAmt
PY Other Expenses$3,748,492PYOtherExpensesAmt
CY Other Expenses$3,931,274CYOtherExpensesAmt
PY Total Expenses$5,776,665PYTotalExpensesAmt
CY Total Expenses$6,158,267CYTotalExpensesAmt
PY Revenues Less Expenses$72,584PYRevenuesLessExpensesAmt
CY Revenues Less Expenses$20,195CYRevenuesLessExpensesAmt
Total Assets BOY$4,446,663TotalAssetsBOYAmt
Total Assets EOY$4,187,764TotalAssetsEOYAmt
Total Liabilities BOY$2,171,444TotalLiabilitiesBOYAmt
Total Liabilities EOY$1,873,319TotalLiabilitiesEOYAmt
Net Assets Or Fund Balances BOY$2,275,219NetAssetsOrFundBalancesBOYAmt
Net Assets Or Fund Balances EOY$2,314,445NetAssetsOrFundBalancesEOYAmt
Info In Schedule O Part IIIYes (X)InfoInScheduleOPartIIIInd
MissionPERF IS AN INDEPENDENT RESEARCH ORGANIZATION THAT FOCUSES ON CRITICAL ISSUES IN POLICING, SUCH AS POLICE USE OF FORCE, COMMUNITY POLICING, CRIME REDUCTION STRATEGIES, AND POLICIES THAT ARE FAITHFUL TO THE CONSTITUTION. PERF ADVANCES PROFESSIONALISM IN POLICING THROUGH THE SHARING OF INFORMATION ABOUT BEST PRACTICES.MissionDesc
Significant New Program Srvc0SignificantNewProgramSrvcInd
Significant Change0SignificantChangeInd
Expense$1,971,269ExpenseAmt
Revenue$2,158,293RevenueAmt
DescEDUCATION AND TRAINING - EACH YEAR, PERF STRIVES TO IDENTIFY AND ADDRESS THE MOST IMPORTANT ISSUES FACING POLICE CHIEFS AND OTHER LAW ENFORCEMENT PROFESSIONALS NATIONWIDE. PERF ADDRESSES THESE ISSUES BY CONDUCTING VARIOUS TYPES OF RESEARCH, AND OFTEN BY HOSTING NATIONAL CONFERENCES AT WHICH EXPERTS DISCUSS THE ISSUE AT HAND AND FORMULATE POLICIES AND BEST PRACTICES. PERF COMPILES ITS FINDINGS IN REPORTS THAT WE DISSEMINATE TO PRACTITIONERS IN THE FIELD, TO THE NEWS MEDIA, AND TO THE GENERAL PUBLIC. FOR EXAMPLE, PERF RECENTLY ISSUED GROUNDBREAKING REPORTS ON THE FOLLOWING ISSUES: THE USE OF BODY-WORN CAMERAS BY POLICE; THE ROLE OF LOCAL POLICE IN THE INVESTIGATION AND PREVENTION OF CYBERCRIME; CHANGES IN HEROIN AND MARIJUANA ENFORCEMENT; THE POLICE RESPONSE TO ACTIVE SHOOTER INCIDENTS; THE ROLE OF LOCAL POLICE AGENCIES ON IMMIGRATION ISSUES; AND THE USE OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN POLICING.Desc

Prog Srvc Accom Acty2 ProgSrvcAccomActy2Grp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Expense$1,900,108ExpenseAmt
DescRESEARCH - PERF CONDUCTS A WIDE VARIETY OF RESEARCH PROJECTS AND PUBLISHES ITS FINDINGS IN PRACTICAL REPORTS INTENDED FOR PRACTITIONERS AND THE PUBLIC, AS WELL AS IN ACADEMIC JOURNALS. PERF'S RECENT RESEARCH TOPICS HAVE INCLUDED: BEST PRACTICES IN EYEWITNESS IDENTIFICATION PROCEDURES IN POLICE AGENCIES; DE-ESCALATION AND MINIMIZING USE OF FORCE IN POLICE ENCOUNTERS WITH PERSONS WITH MENTAL ILLNESS; STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING THE POLICE RESPONSE TO SEXUAL ASSAULT CRIMES; THE EFFECTIVENESS OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES IN POLICING, SUCH AS AUTOMATED LICENSE PLATE READERS; PROTECTING VICTIMS OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE; THE USE OF BODY ARMOR TO PROTECT POLICE OFFICERS; AND BEST POLICIES REGARDING THE USE OF ELECTRONIC CONTROL WEAPONS.Desc

Prog Srvc Accom Acty3 ProgSrvcAccomActy3Grp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Expense$1,035,400ExpenseAmt
DescDEMONSTRATION AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE - PERF PROVIDES DIRECT TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ON SPECIFIC ISSUES TO INDIVIDUAL LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES ACROSS THE UNITED STATES. FUNDERS INCLUDE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, PRIVATE FOUNDATIONS AND MANY CITIES ACROSS THE UNITED STATES SUCH AS LOS ANGELES, MINNEAPOLIS, CHICAGO AND SAN DIEGO. PERF HAS PROVIDED TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TO MANY CITIES IN THE UNITED STATES AS WELL AS IN OTHER PARTS OF THE WORLD, INCLUDING JAMAICA, TANZANIA, SCOTLAND, NORTHERN IRELAND, THE MIDDLE EAST, AND THE UK.Desc

Prog Srvc Accom Acty Other ProgSrvcAccomActyOtherGrp (4 entries)

ExpenseExpenseAmtRevenueRevenueAmtDescDesc
$542,213$488,015MANAGEMENT SERVICES - PERF CONTRACTS WITH LOCAL POLICE DEPARTMENTS AND OTHER LOCAL, STATE, AND FEDERAL AGENCIES TO PROVIDE TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE AND MANAGEMENT CONSULTING SERVICES. DEPENDING ON THE NEEDS OF THE CLIENT, THESE SERVICES MAY ADDRESS A SPECIFIC QUESTION, SUCH AS OPTIMUM STAFFING LEVELS, OR MAY INVOLVE A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF THE AGENCY'S OPERATIONS AND SYSTEMS. ISSUES INCLUDE: WORKLOAD ASSESSMENTS, USE OF FORCE POLICIES, RESOURCE ALLOCATION, AND POLICE BEAT PLANNING; PRODUCTIVITY ANALYSIS; SYSTEMS FOR TRAINING OFFICERS; TECHNOLOGY AND AUTOMATION NEEDS ASSESSMENTS; ORGANIZATIONAL "CLIMATE" REVIEWS; AND STRATEGIC PLANNING ASSISTANCE.
$325,886$71,755MEMBERSHIP
$51,453$50,860EXECUTIVE SEARCH
$16,055$2,763PUBLICATIONS
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Other Prog Srvc Expense$935,607TotalOtherProgSrvcExpenseAmt
Total Other Prog Srvc Revenue$613,393TotalOtherProgSrvcRevenueAmt
Total Program Service Expenses$5,842,384TotalProgramServiceExpensesAmt
Described In Section501c3Yes (1)DescribedInSection501c3Ind
Schedule B RequiredYes (1)ScheduleBRequiredInd
Political Campaign Acty0PoliticalCampaignActyInd
Lobbying ActivitiesYes (1)LobbyingActivitiesInd
Subject To Proxy Tax0SubjectToProxyTaxInd
Donor Advised Fund0DonorAdvisedFundInd
Conservation Easements0ConservationEasementsInd
Collections Of Art0CollectionsOfArtInd
Credit Counseling0CreditCounselingInd
Temp Or Permanent Endowments0TempOrPermanentEndowmentsInd
Report Land Building EquipmentYes (1)ReportLandBuildingEquipmentInd
Report Investments Other Sec0ReportInvestmentsOtherSecInd
Report Program Related Invst0ReportProgramRelatedInvstInd
Report Other Assets0ReportOtherAssetsInd
Report Other LiabilitiesYes (1)ReportOtherLiabilitiesInd
Include FIN48 FootnoteYes (1)IncludeFIN48FootnoteInd
Independent Audit Fincl StmtYes (1)IndependentAuditFinclStmtInd
Consolidated Audit Fincl Stmt0ConsolidatedAuditFinclStmtInd
School Operating0SchoolOperatingInd
Foreign Office0ForeignOfficeInd
Foreign Activities0ForeignActivitiesInd
More Than5000 K To Org0MoreThan5000KToOrgInd
More Than5000 K To Individuals0MoreThan5000KToIndividualsInd
Professional Fundraising0ProfessionalFundraisingInd
Fundraising Activities0FundraisingActivitiesInd
Gaming Activities0GamingActivitiesInd
Operate Hospital0OperateHospitalInd
Grants To Organizations0GrantsToOrganizationsInd
Grants To Individuals0GrantsToIndividualsInd
Schedule J RequiredYes (1)ScheduleJRequiredInd
Tax Exempt Bonds0TaxExemptBondsInd
Engaged In Excess Benefit Trans0EngagedInExcessBenefitTransInd
PY Excess Benefit Trans0PYExcessBenefitTransInd
Loan Outstanding0LoanOutstandingInd
Grant To Related Person0GrantToRelatedPersonInd
Business Rln With Org Mem0BusinessRlnWithOrgMemInd
Business Rln With Fam Mem0BusinessRlnWithFamMemInd
Business Rln With Officer Ent0BusinessRlnWithOfficerEntInd
Deductible Non Cash Contri0DeductibleNonCashContriInd
Deductible Art Contribution0DeductibleArtContributionInd
Terminate Operations0TerminateOperationsInd
Partial Liquidation0PartialLiquidationInd
Disregarded Entity0DisregardedEntityInd
Related Entity0RelatedEntityInd
Related Organization Ctrl Ent0RelatedOrganizationCtrlEntInd
Trnsfr Exmpt Non Chrtbl Rltd Org0TrnsfrExmptNonChrtblRltdOrgInd
Activities Conducted Prtshp0ActivitiesConductedPrtshpInd
Schedule O RequiredYes (1)ScheduleORequiredInd
IRP Document31IRPDocumentCnt
IRP Document W2 G0IRPDocumentW2GCnt
Backup Wthld ComplianceYes (1)BackupWthldComplianceInd
Employee33EmployeeCnt
Employment Tax Returns FiledYes (1)EmploymentTaxReturnsFiledInd
Unrelated Bus Incm Over Limit0UnrelatedBusIncmOverLimitInd
Foreign Financial Account0ForeignFinancialAccountInd
Prohibited Tax Shelter Trans0ProhibitedTaxShelterTransInd
Taxable Party Notification0TaxablePartyNotificationInd
Nondeductible Contributions0NondeductibleContributionsInd
Quid Pro Quo Contributions0QuidProQuoContributionsInd
Form8282 Property Disposed Of0Form8282PropertyDisposedOfInd
Rcv Fnds To Pay Prsnl Bnft Cntrct0RcvFndsToPayPrsnlBnftCntrctInd
Pay Premiums Prsnl Bnft Cntrct0PayPremiumsPrsnlBnftCntrctInd
Indoor Tanning Services0IndoorTanningServicesInd
Info In Schedule O Part VIYes (X)InfoInScheduleOPartVIInd
Governing Body Voting Members8GoverningBodyVotingMembersCnt
Independent Voting Member8IndependentVotingMemberCnt
Family Or Business Rln0FamilyOrBusinessRlnInd
Delegation Of Mgmt Duties0DelegationOfMgmtDutiesInd
Change To Org Documents0ChangeToOrgDocumentsInd
Material Diversion Or Misuse0MaterialDiversionOrMisuseInd
Members Or StockholdersYes (1)MembersOrStockholdersInd
Election Of Board MembersYes (1)ElectionOfBoardMembersInd
Decisions Subject To Approva0DecisionsSubjectToApprovaInd
Minutes Of Governing BodyYes (1)MinutesOfGoverningBodyInd
Minutes Of CommitteesYes (1)MinutesOfCommitteesInd
Officer Mailing Address0OfficerMailingAddressInd
Local Chapters0LocalChaptersInd
Form990 Provided To Gvrn Body0Form990ProvidedToGvrnBodyInd
Conflict Of Interest PolicyYes (1)ConflictOfInterestPolicyInd
Annual Disclosure Covered PrsnYes (1)AnnualDisclosureCoveredPrsnInd
Regular Monitoring EnfrcYes (1)RegularMonitoringEnfrcInd
Whistleblower PolicyYes (1)WhistleblowerPolicyInd
Document Retention PolicyYes (1)DocumentRetentionPolicyInd
Compensation Process CEOYes (1)CompensationProcessCEOInd
Compensation Process OtherYes (1)CompensationProcessOtherInd
Investment In Joint Venture0InvestmentInJointVentureInd
Upon RequestYes (X)UponRequestInd

Books In Care Of Detail BooksInCareOfDetail

Business Name BusinessName

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1KEN HARTWICK DIRECTOR OF FINANCEBusinessNameLine1
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Phone2024667820PhoneNum

US Address USAddress

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Address Line11120 CONNECTICUT AVENUE NW 930AddressLine1
CityWASHINGTONCity
StateDCState
ZIP Code20036ZIPCode

Form990 Part VII Section A Form990PartVIISectionAGrp (15 entries)

TitleTitleTxtAverage Hours Per WeekAverageHoursPerWeekRtIndividual Trustee Or DirectorIndividualTrusteeOrDirectorIndOfficerOfficerIndReportable Comp From OrgReportableCompFromOrgAmtReportable Comp From Rltd OrgReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmtOther CompensationOtherCompensationAmtHighest Compensated EmployeeHighestCompensatedEmployeeInd
CHARLES RAMSEY
PRESIDENT1.00Yes (X)Yes (X)$0$0$0
J THOMAS MANGER
VICE PRESIDENT1.00Yes (X)Yes (X)$0$0$0
ROBERTO VILLASENOR
TREASURER1.00Yes (X)Yes (X)$0$0$0
SCOTT THOMSON
SECRETARY1.00Yes (X)Yes (X)$0$0$0
DOUGLAS GILLESPIE
MEMBER-AT-LARGE1.00Yes (X)$0$0$0
WILLIAM BLAIR
MEMBER-AT-LARGE1.00Yes (X)$0$0$0
JANEE HARTEAU
MEMBER-AT-LARGE1.00Yes (X)$0$0$0
PETER FAHY
EX-OFFICIO MEMBER1.00Yes (X)$0$0$0
CHUCK WEXLER
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR40.00Yes (X)$308,725$0$72,411
KEN HARTWICK
DIRECTOR OF FINANCE40.00Yes (X)$153,479$0$39,756
ANDREA LUNA
DIRECTOR OF RESEARCH40.00$168,636$0$18,462Yes (X)
CRAIG FRASER
DIRECTOR OF MANAGEMENT SERVICES40.00$167,871$0$40,905Yes (X)
CRAIG FISCHER
DIRECTOR OF COMMUNICATION40.00$136,626$0$27,922Yes (X)
ROBERT DAVIS
DIRECTOR OF RESEARCH40.00$132,747$0$31,253Yes (X)
JESSICA TOLIVER
DEPUTY DIRECTOR OF TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE40.00$117,194$0$30,998Yes (X)
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Reportable Comp From Org$1,185,278TotalReportableCompFromOrgAmt
Tot Reportable Comp Rltd Org$0TotReportableCompRltdOrgAmt
Total Other Compensation$261,707TotalOtherCompensationAmt
Indiv Rcvd Greater Than100 K9IndivRcvdGreaterThan100KCnt
Former Ofcr Employees Listed0FormerOfcrEmployeesListedInd
Total Comp Greater Than150 KYes (1)TotalCompGreaterThan150KInd
Compensation From Other Srcs0CompensationFromOtherSrcsInd

Contractor Compensation ContractorCompensationGrp (2 entries)

Address Line1ContractorAddress/USAddress/AddressLine1CityContractorAddress/USAddress/CityStateContractorAddress/USAddress/StateZIP CodeContractorAddress/USAddress/ZIPCodeServicesServicesDescCompensationCompensationAmt
ORTWIN NARR
606 LONGVIEW CTSENECANC29678CONSULTING$140,319
MALCOM K SPARROW
11 LESLIE ROADWINCHESTERMA01890SMIP INSTRUCTOR$102,202
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Cntrct Rcvd Greater Than100 K2CntrctRcvdGreaterThan100KCnt
Membership Dues$305,797MembershipDuesAmt
Government Grants$1,653,475GovernmentGrantsAmt
All Other Contributions$1,398,992AllOtherContributionsAmt
Total Contributions$3,358,264TotalContributionsAmt

Program Service Revenue ProgramServiceRevenueGrp (4 entries)

DescDescBusinessBusinessCdTotal Revenue ColumnTotalRevenueColumnAmtRelated Or Exempt Func IncomeRelatedOrExemptFuncIncomeAmt
CONF. & REGISTRATIONS611430$2,230,013$2,230,013
MANAGEMENT SERVICES541610$488,015$488,015
EXECUTIVE SEARCH900099$50,860$50,860
PUBLICATIONS511190$2,798$2,798
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Program Service Revenue$2,771,686TotalProgramServiceRevenueAmt

Investment Income InvestmentIncomeGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column$38,370TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Exclusion$38,370ExclusionAmt

Gross Amount Sales Assets GrossAmountSalesAssetsGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Securities$443,133SecuritiesAmt

Less Cost Oth Basis Sales Expnss LessCostOthBasisSalesExpnssGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Securities$439,374SecuritiesAmt

Gain Or Loss GainOrLossGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Securities$3,759SecuritiesAmt

Net Gain Or Loss Investments NetGainOrLossInvestmentsGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column$3,759TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Exclusion$3,759ExclusionAmt

Other Revenue Misc OtherRevenueMiscGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
DescOTHER REVENUEDesc
Business900099BusinessCd
Total Revenue Column$6,383TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Exclusion$6,383ExclusionAmt
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Other Revenue Total$6,383OtherRevenueTotalAmt

Total Revenue TotalRevenueGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column$6,178,462TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Related Or Exempt Func Income$2,771,686RelatedOrExemptFuncIncomeAmt
Unrelated Business Revenue$0UnrelatedBusinessRevenueAmt
Exclusion$48,512ExclusionAmt

Comp Current Ofcr Directors CompCurrentOfcrDirectorsGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$574,371TotalAmt
Program Services$527,450ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General$46,921ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Other Salaries And Wages OtherSalariesAndWagesGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$1,069,760TotalAmt
Program Services$982,369ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General$87,391ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Pension Plan Contributions PensionPlanContributionsGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$190,731TotalAmt
Program Services$175,150ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General$15,581ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Other Employee Benefits OtherEmployeeBenefitsGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$219,066TotalAmt
Program Services$201,170ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General$17,896ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Payroll Taxes PayrollTaxesGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$173,065TotalAmt
Program Services$158,927ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General$14,138ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Fees For Services Legal FeesForServicesLegalGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$1,242TotalAmt
Program Services$1,242ProgramServicesAmt

Fees For Services Accounting FeesForServicesAccountingGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$35,350TotalAmt
Program Services$35,350ProgramServicesAmt

Fees For Services Other FeesForServicesOtherGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$602,719TotalAmt
Program Services$602,370ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General$349ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Advertising AdvertisingGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$550TotalAmt
Program Services$550ProgramServicesAmt

Office Expenses OfficeExpensesGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$127,118TotalAmt
Program Services$120,985ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General$6,133ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Information Technology InformationTechnologyGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$20,393TotalAmt
Program Services$20,393ProgramServicesAmt

Occupancy OccupancyGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$29,927TotalAmt
Program Services$29,927ProgramServicesAmt

Travel TravelGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$669,644TotalAmt
Program Services$659,298ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General$10,346ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Depreciation Depletion DepreciationDepletionGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$1,438TotalAmt
Management And General$1,438ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Insurance InsuranceGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$73TotalAmt
Management And General$73ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Other Expenses OtherExpensesGrp (4 entries)

DescDescTotalTotalAmtProgram ServicesProgramServicesAmtManagement And GeneralManagementAndGeneralAmt
INDIRECT COSTS$1,793,740$1,697,164$96,576
CATERING$350,436$334,138$16,298
SUBCONTRACTORS$220,330$220,330
MEDIA PRODUCTION$61,688$60,693$995

All Other Expenses AllOtherExpensesGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$16,626TotalAmt
Program Services$14,878ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General$1,748ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Total Functional Expenses TotalFunctionalExpensesGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$6,158,267TotalAmt
Program Services$5,842,384ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General$315,883ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising$0FundraisingAmt

Cash Non Interest Bearing CashNonInterestBearingGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$10,246BOYAmt
EOY$12,301EOYAmt

Savings And Temp Cash Invst SavingsAndTempCashInvstGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$2,734,051BOYAmt
EOY$2,290,224EOYAmt

Pledges And Grants Receivable PledgesAndGrantsReceivableGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$661,598BOYAmt
EOY$816,398EOYAmt

Accounts Receivable AccountsReceivableGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$16,970BOYAmt
EOY$1,087EOYAmt

Inventories For Sale Or Use InventoriesForSaleOrUseGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$1,078BOYAmt
EOY$2,394EOYAmt

Prepaid Expenses Defrd Charges PrepaidExpensesDefrdChargesGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$119,126BOYAmt
EOY$51,068EOYAmt
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Land Bldg Equip Cost Or Other Bss$89,437LandBldgEquipCostOrOtherBssAmt
Land Bldg Equip Accum Deprec$89,437LandBldgEquipAccumDeprecAmt

Land Bldg Equip Basis Net LandBldgEquipBasisNetGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$1,438BOYAmt
EOY$0EOYAmt

Investments Pub Traded Sec InvestmentsPubTradedSecGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$869,338BOYAmt
EOY$982,469EOYAmt

Other Assets Total OtherAssetsTotalGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$32,818BOYAmt
EOY$31,823EOYAmt

Total Assets TotalAssetsGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$4,446,663BOYAmt
EOY$4,187,764EOYAmt

Accounts Payable Accr Expnss AccountsPayableAccrExpnssGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$582,614BOYAmt
EOY$717,259EOYAmt

Deferred Revenue DeferredRevenueGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$1,472,887BOYAmt
EOY$1,124,707EOYAmt

Other Liabilities OtherLiabilitiesGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$115,943BOYAmt
EOY$31,353EOYAmt

Total Liabilities TotalLiabilitiesGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$2,171,444BOYAmt
EOY$1,873,319EOYAmt
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Organization Follows SFAS117Yes (X)OrganizationFollowsSFAS117Ind

Unrestricted Net Assets UnrestrictedNetAssetsGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$2,226,869BOYAmt
EOY$2,266,095EOYAmt

Temporarily Rstr Net Assets TemporarilyRstrNetAssetsGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$48,350BOYAmt
EOY$48,350EOYAmt

Total Net Assets Fund Balance TotalNetAssetsFundBalanceGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$2,275,219BOYAmt
EOY$2,314,445EOYAmt

Tot Liab Net Assets Fund Balance TotLiabNetAssetsFundBalanceGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$4,446,663BOYAmt
EOY$4,187,764EOYAmt
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Reconcilation Revenue Expnss$20,195ReconcilationRevenueExpnssAmt
Net Unrlzd Gains Losses Invst$19,031NetUnrlzdGainsLossesInvstAmt
Other Changes In Net Assets$0OtherChangesInNetAssetsAmt
Info In Schedule O Part XIIYes (X)InfoInScheduleOPartXIIInd
Method Of Accounting AccrualYes (X)MethodOfAccountingAccrualInd
Accountant Compile Or Review0AccountantCompileOrReviewInd
FS AuditedYes (1)FSAuditedInd

FS Audited Basis FSAuditedBasisGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Separate Basis Fincl StmtYes (X)SeparateBasisFinclStmtInd
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Audit CommitteeYes (1)AuditCommitteeInd
Federal Grant Audit RequiredYes (1)FederalGrantAuditRequiredInd
Federal Grant Audit PerformedYes (1)FederalGrantAuditPerformedInd

Schedule A IRS990ScheduleA

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Community TrustYes (X)CommunityTrustInd

Gifts Grants Contri Rcvd170 GiftsGrantsContriRcvd170Grp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Current Tax Year Minus4 Years$3,090,640CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus3 Years$3,269,120CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus2 Years$3,409,531CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus1 Year$2,889,841CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt
Current Tax Year$3,358,264CurrentTaxYearAmt
Total$16,017,396TotalAmt

Total Calendar Year170 TotalCalendarYear170Grp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Current Tax Year Minus4 Years$3,090,640CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus3 Years$3,269,120CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus2 Years$3,409,531CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus1 Year$2,889,841CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt
Current Tax Year$3,358,264CurrentTaxYearAmt
Total$16,017,396TotalAmt
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Public Support Total170$16,017,396PublicSupportTotal170Amt

Gross Investment Income170 GrossInvestmentIncome170Grp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Current Tax Year Minus4 Years$22,741CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus3 Years$33,622CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus2 Years$29,745CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus1 Year$38,248CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt
Current Tax Year$38,370CurrentTaxYearAmt
Total$162,726TotalAmt

Other Income170 OtherIncome170Grp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Current Tax Year Minus4 Years$2,823CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus3 Years$6,364CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus2 Years$6,093CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus1 Year$6,798CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt
Current Tax Year$6,383CurrentTaxYearAmt
Total$28,461TotalAmt
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Support$16,208,583TotalSupportAmt
Gross Receipts Rltd Activities$13,490,575GrossReceiptsRltdActivitiesAmt
Public Support CY1700.98820PublicSupportCY170Pct
Public Support PY1700.98690PublicSupportPY170Pct
Thirty Thr Pct Suprt Tests CY170Yes (X)ThirtyThrPctSuprtTestsCY170Ind

Schedule B IRS990ScheduleB

Contributor Information ContributorInformationGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
ContributorRESTRICTEDContributorNum

Contributor Business Name ContributorBusinessName

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1RESTRICTEDBusinessNameLine1

Contributor US Address ContributorUSAddress

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Address Line1RESTRICTEDAddressLine1
Address Line2RESTRICTEDAddressLine2
CityRESTRICTEDCity
StateRESTRICTEDState
ZIP CodeRESTRICTEDZIPCode
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total ContributionsRESTRICTEDTotalContributionsAmt

Schedule C IRS990ScheduleC

Total Grassroots Lobbying TotalGrassrootsLobbyingGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Filing Organizations Total$0FilingOrganizationsTotalAmt

Total Direct Lobbying TotalDirectLobbyingGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Filing Organizations Total$0FilingOrganizationsTotalAmt

Total Lobbying Expend TotalLobbyingExpendGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Filing Organizations Total$0FilingOrganizationsTotalAmt

Other Exempt Purpose Expend OtherExemptPurposeExpendGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Filing Organizations Total$6,158,267FilingOrganizationsTotalAmt

Total Exempt Purpose Expend TotalExemptPurposeExpendGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Filing Organizations Total$6,158,267FilingOrganizationsTotalAmt

Lobbying Nontaxable Amount LobbyingNontaxableAmountGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Filing Organizations Total$457,913FilingOrganizationsTotalAmt

Grassroots Nontaxable GrassrootsNontaxableGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Filing Organizations Total$114,478FilingOrganizationsTotalAmt

Tot Lbbyng Grassroot Mns Non Tx TotLbbyngGrassrootMnsNonTxGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Filing Organizations Total$0FilingOrganizationsTotalAmt

Tot Lbby Expend Mns Lbbyng Non Tx TotLbbyExpendMnsLbbyngNonTxGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Filing Organizations Total$0FilingOrganizationsTotalAmt

Avg Lobbying Nontaxable Amount AvgLobbyingNontaxableAmountGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Current Year Minus3$437,487CurrentYearMinus3Amt
Current Year Minus2$451,908CurrentYearMinus2Amt
Current Year Minus1$438,833CurrentYearMinus1Amt
Current Year$457,913CurrentYearAmt
Total$1,786,141TotalAmt
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Lobbying Ceiling$2,679,212LobbyingCeilingAmt

Avg Total Lobbying Expend AvgTotalLobbyingExpendGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Current Year Minus3$29,966CurrentYearMinus3Amt
Current Year Minus2$13,767CurrentYearMinus2Amt
Current Year Minus1$10,499CurrentYearMinus1Amt
Total$54,232TotalAmt

Avg Grassroots Nontaxable AvgGrassrootsNontaxableGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Current Year Minus3$109,372CurrentYearMinus3Amt
Current Year Minus2$112,977CurrentYearMinus2Amt
Current Year Minus1$109,708CurrentYearMinus1Amt
Current Year$114,478CurrentYearAmt
Total$446,535TotalAmt
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Grassroots Ceiling$669,803GrassrootsCeilingAmt

Schedule D IRS990ScheduleD

Leasehold Improvements LeaseholdImprovementsGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Other Cost Or Other Basis$14,888OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt
Depreciation$14,888DepreciationAmt
Book Value$0BookValueAmt

Other Land Buildings OtherLandBuildingsGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Other Cost Or Other Basis$74,549OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt
Depreciation$74,549DepreciationAmt
Book Value$0BookValueAmt
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Book Value Land Buildings$0TotalBookValueLandBuildingsAmt

Other Liabilities Org OtherLiabilitiesOrgGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
DescREFUNDABLE ADVANCESDesc
Amt$31,353Amt
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Liability$31,353TotalLiabilityAmt
Footnote TextYes (X)FootnoteTextInd
Total Rev Etc Audited Fincl Stmt$6,197,493TotalRevEtcAuditedFinclStmtAmt
Net Unrealized Gains Invst$19,031NetUnrealizedGainsInvstAmt
Revenue Not Reported$19,031RevenueNotReportedAmt
Revenue Subtotal$6,178,462RevenueSubtotalAmt
Revenue Not Reported Fincl Stmt$0RevenueNotReportedFinclStmtAmt
Total Revenue Per Form990$6,178,462TotalRevenuePerForm990Amt
Tot Expns Etc Audited Fincl Stmt$6,158,267TotExpnsEtcAuditedFinclStmtAmt
Expenses Not Reported$0ExpensesNotReportedAmt
Expenses Subtotal$6,158,267ExpensesSubtotalAmt
Expenses Not Rpt Fincl Stmt$0ExpensesNotRptFinclStmtAmt
Total Expenses Per Form990$6,158,267TotalExpensesPerForm990Amt

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Form And Line ReferencePART X, LINE 2:FormAndLineReferenceDesc
ExplanationPERF HAS ADOPTED THE ACCOUNTING STANDARD ON ACCOUNTING FOR UNCERTAINTY IN INCOME TAXES, WHICH ADDRESSES THE DETERMINATION OF WHETHER TAX BENEFITS CLAIMED OR EXPECTED TO BE CLAIMED ON A TAX RETURN SHOULD BE RECORDED IN THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS. UNDER THIS GUIDANCE, PERF MAY RECOGNIZE THE TAX BENEFIT FROM AN UNCERTAIN TAX POSITION ONLY IF IT IS MORE LIKELY THAN NOT THAT THE TAX POSITION WILL BE SUSTAINED ON EXAMINATION BY TAXING AUTHORITIES, BASED ON THE TECHNICAL MERITS OF THE POSITION. THE TAX BENEFITS RECOGNIZED IN THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FROM SUCH A POSITION ARE MEASURED BASED ON THE LARGEST BENEFIT THAT HAS A GREATER THAN 50% LIKELIHOOD OF BEING REALIZED UPON ULTIMATE SETTLEMENT. THE GUIDANCE ON ACCOUNTING FOR UNCERTAINTY IN INCOME TAXES ALSO ADDRESSES DE-RECOGNITION, CLASSIFICATION, INTEREST AND PENALTIES ON INCOME TAXES, AND ACCOUNTING IN INTERIM PERIODS. MANAGEMENT EVALUATED PERF'S TAX POSITIONS AND CONCLUDED THAT PERF HAD TAKEN NO UNCERTAIN TAX POSITIONS THAT REQUIRE ADJUSTMENT TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS TO COMPLY WITH THE PROVISIONS OF THIS GUIDANCE. GENERALLY, PERF IS NO LONGER SUBJECT TO INCOME TAX EXAMINATIONS BY THE U.S FEDERAL, STATE, OR LOCAL TAX AUTHORITIES BEFORE 2010.ExplanationTxt

Schedule J IRS990ScheduleJ

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Independent ConsultantYes (X)IndependentConsultantInd
Board Or Committee ApprovalYes (X)BoardOrCommitteeApprovalInd
Severance Payment0SeverancePaymentInd
Supplemental Nonqual Rtr Plan0SupplementalNonqualRtrPlanInd
Equity Based Comp Arrngm0EquityBasedCompArrngmInd
Comp Based On Revenue Of Flng Org0CompBasedOnRevenueOfFlngOrgInd
Comp Bsd On Rev Related Orgs0CompBsdOnRevRelatedOrgsInd
Comp Bsd Net Earns Flng Org0CompBsdNetEarnsFlngOrgInd
Comp Bsd Net Earns Rltd Orgs0CompBsdNetEarnsRltdOrgsInd
Any Non Fixed Payments0AnyNonFixedPaymentsInd
Initial Contract Exception0InitialContractExceptionInd

Rltd Org Officer Trst Key Empl RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp (6 entries)

TitleTitleTxtBase Compensation Filing OrgBaseCompensationFilingOrgAmtCompensation Based On Rltd OrgsCompensationBasedOnRltdOrgsAmtBonus Filing OrganizationBonusFilingOrganizationAmountBonus Related OrganizationsBonusRelatedOrganizationsAmtOther Compensation Filing OrgOtherCompensationFilingOrgAmtOther Compensation Rltd OrgsOtherCompensationRltdOrgsAmtDeferred Compensation Flng OrgDeferredCompensationFlngOrgAmtDeferred Comp Rltd OrgsDeferredCompRltdOrgsAmtNontaxable Benefits Filing OrgNontaxableBenefitsFilingOrgAmtNontaxable Benefits Rltd OrgsNontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmtTotal Compensation Filing OrgTotalCompensationFilingOrgAmtTotal Compensation Rltd OrgsTotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmtComp Report Prior990 Filing OrgCompReportPrior990FilingOrgAmtComp Report Prior990 Rltd OrgsCompReportPrior990RltdOrgsAmt
CHUCK WEXLER
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR$239,386$0$40,000$0$29,339$0$51,000$0$21,411$0$381,136$0$0$0
KEN HARTWICK
DIRECTOR OF FINANCE$153,479$0$0$0$0$0$16,372$0$23,384$0$193,235$0$0$0
ANDREA LUNA
DIRECTOR OF RESEARCH$160,988$0$0$0$7,648$0$16,789$0$1,673$0$187,098$0$0$0
CRAIG FRASER
DIRECTOR OF MANAGEMENT SERVICES$167,871$0$0$0$0$0$17,589$0$23,316$0$208,776$0$0$0
CRAIG FISCHER
DIRECTOR OF COMMUNICATION$136,626$0$0$0$0$0$14,029$0$13,893$0$164,548$0$0$0
ROBERT DAVIS
DIRECTOR OF RESEARCH$132,747$0$0$0$0$0$13,536$0$17,717$0$164,000$0$0$0

Schedule O IRS990ScheduleO

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail (7 entries)

Form And Line ReferenceFormAndLineReferenceDescExplanationExplanationTxt
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION A, LINE 6THERE IS ONE CLASS OF VOTING MEMBERS, THEY ARE REFERRED TO AS GENERAL MEMBERS. THERE ARE TWO OTHER CLASSES OF MEMBERS THAT DO NOT VOTE, SUSTAINING MEMBERS AND SUBSCRIBING MEMBERS. GENERAL MEMBERS ELECT THE BOARD, ONE VOTE PER MEMBER.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION A, LINE 7AGENERAL MEMBERS ELECT THE BOARD, ONE VOTE PER MEMBER.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 11THE 990 IS PREPARED BY POLICE EXECUTIVE RESEARCH FORUM'S OUTSIDE ACCOUNTING FIRM. THE 990 DRAFT IS REVIWED BY MANAGEMENT BEFORE FILING. THE 990 IS AVAILABLE TO BOARD MEMBERS UPON REQUEST.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 12CTHE ORGANIZATION HAS A STRONG INFORMAL PROCESS OF MONITORING AND ENFORCING ITS CONFLICT OF INTEREST PROCESS THAT'S DRIVEN BY THE SENSITIVE NATURE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT RESEARCH AND PUBLIC SAFETY ISSUES.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 15PERF RETAINS AN EXTERNAL COMPENSATION CONSULTANT FOR ANNUAL REVIEW OF ITS STAFF. THE CONSULTANT ADVISES THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF THE SALARY PRACTICE THAT IS PERTINENT TO PERF AND COMPUTES RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ALL STAFF, EXCEPT FOR THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR. THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS REVIEWS THE EXTERNAL COMPENSATION CONSULTANTS REPORT, RECOMMENDATIONS AND EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR COMPENSATION ANNUALLY. THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS MAY CHOOSE TO REVIEW AND/OR AMEND SUCH ITEMS PRIOR TO VOTING ON THEIR APPROVAL.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION C, LINE 19FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, CONFLICT OF INTEREST POLICY AND GOVERNING DOCUMENTS ARE AVAILABLE UPON REQUEST FOR THE SAME PERIOD OF DISCLOSURE AS SET FORTH IN SECTION 6104(D).
FORM 990, PART XII, LINE 2CTHE PROCESS FOR OVERSEEING THE AUDIT OF THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SELECTION OF AN INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANT THAT AUDITED THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS HAS BEEN CONSISTENT WITH PRIOR YEARS.

Comments

Anonymous: no account or email. Up to 2,000 characters, at most one link. Comments are checked automatically; some wait for review.