LEARNING POLICY INSTITUTE: Form 990, tax year 2016
View the entire original 990 at ProPublica ↗
- Organization
- LEARNING POLICY INSTITUTE (EIN 47-2772048)
- Tax period
- 2016-01-01 to 2016-12-31
- Filed
- 2017-08-29
- IRS object ID
- 201712419349300971
- Schema version
- 2016v3.0
- Source
- Download XML · Original 990 at ProPublica
Every field in the e-filed return. Faint text is the IRS element name, for citing.
Return header ReturnHeader
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Return | 2017-08-29T22:15:38-05:00 | ReturnTs |
| Tax Period End | 2016-12-31 | TaxPeriodEndDt |
Preparer Firm PreparerFirmGrp
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Preparer Firm EIN | 475525639 | PreparerFirmEIN |
Preparer Firm Name PreparerFirmName
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Business Name Line1 | Tandem LLP | BusinessNameLine1Txt |
Preparer US Address PreparerUSAddress
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Address Line1 | 446 Old County Road Suite 100-140 | AddressLine1Txt |
| City | Pacifica | CityNm |
| State Abbreviation | CA | StateAbbreviationCd |
| ZIP | 94044 | ZIPCd |
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Return Type | 990 | ReturnTypeCd |
| Tax Period Begin | 2016-01-01 | TaxPeriodBeginDt |
Filer Filer
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| EIN | 472772048 | EIN |
Business Name BusinessName
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Business Name Line1 | Learning Policy Institute | BusinessNameLine1Txt |
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Business Name Control | LEAR | BusinessNameControlTxt |
| Phone | 6503329797 | PhoneNum |
US Address USAddress
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Address Line1 | 1530 Page Mill Road No 200 | AddressLine1Txt |
| City | Palo Alto | CityNm |
| State Abbreviation | CA | StateAbbreviationCd |
| ZIP | 943041140 | ZIPCd |
Business Officer BusinessOfficerGrp
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Person | Jeff Kumataka | PersonNm |
| Person Title | CFO | PersonTitleTxt |
| Phone | 6503329733 | PhoneNum |
| Signature | 2017-08-24 | SignatureDt |
Preparer Person PreparerPersonGrp
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Preparer Person | Lynn Henley | PreparerPersonNm |
| PTIN | P00356034 | PTIN |
| Phone | 6503509805 | PhoneNum |
Filing Security Information FilingSecurityInformation
IP Address IPAddress
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| I Pv4 Address | 67.169.104.38 | IPv4AddressTxt |
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| IP | 2017-08-24 | IPDt |
| IP Tm | 18:18:52 | IPTm |
| IP Timezone | PD | IPTimezoneCd |
| Filing License Type | P | FilingLicenseTypeCd |
| At Submission Creation Device Id | AEC088AAD76BD20DC393F3FB442787510B848D72 | AtSubmissionCreationDeviceId |
| At Submission Filing Device Id | AEC088AAD76BD20DC393F3FB442787510B848D72 | AtSubmissionFilingDeviceId |
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Tax | 2016 | TaxYr |
| Build TS | 2021-01-29 14:40:06Z | BuildTS |
Form 990 IRS990
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Principal Officer | Linda Darling-Hammond | PrincipalOfficerNm |
US Address USAddress
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Address Line1 | 1530 Page Mill Road No 200 | AddressLine1Txt |
| City | Palo Alto | CityNm |
| State Abbreviation | CA | StateAbbreviationCd |
| ZIP | 943041140 | ZIPCd |
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Gross Receipts | $10,787,828 | GrossReceiptsAmt |
| Group Return For Affiliates | 0 | GroupReturnForAffiliatesInd |
| Organization501c3 | Yes (X) | Organization501c3Ind |
| Website Address | https://learningpolicyinstitute.org | WebsiteAddressTxt |
| Type Of Organization Corp | Yes (X) | TypeOfOrganizationCorpInd |
| Formation | 2014 | FormationYr |
| Legal Domicile State | CA | LegalDomicileStateCd |
| Activity Or Mission | The conduct of independent, high-quality research to improve learning for each and every child. | ActivityOrMissionDesc |
| Voting Members Governing Body | 9 | VotingMembersGoverningBodyCnt |
| Voting Members Independent | 8 | VotingMembersIndependentCnt |
| Total Employee | 47 | TotalEmployeeCnt |
| Total Volunteers | 0 | TotalVolunteersCnt |
| Total Gross UBI | $0 | TotalGrossUBIAmt |
| Net Unrelated Bus Txbl Incm | $0 | NetUnrelatedBusTxblIncmAmt |
| PY Contributions Grants | $6,275,000 | PYContributionsGrantsAmt |
| CY Contributions Grants | $10,765,292 | CYContributionsGrantsAmt |
| PY Program Service Revenue | $2,000 | PYProgramServiceRevenueAmt |
| CY Program Service Revenue | $20,000 | CYProgramServiceRevenueAmt |
| PY Investment Income | $416 | PYInvestmentIncomeAmt |
| CY Investment Income | $2,536 | CYInvestmentIncomeAmt |
| PY Other Revenue | $0 | PYOtherRevenueAmt |
| CY Other Revenue | $0 | CYOtherRevenueAmt |
| PY Total Revenue | $6,277,416 | PYTotalRevenueAmt |
| CY Total Revenue | $10,787,828 | CYTotalRevenueAmt |
| PY Grants And Similar Paid | $0 | PYGrantsAndSimilarPaidAmt |
| CY Grants And Similar Paid | $0 | CYGrantsAndSimilarPaidAmt |
| PY Benefits Paid To Members | $0 | PYBenefitsPaidToMembersAmt |
| CY Benefits Paid To Members | $0 | CYBenefitsPaidToMembersAmt |
| PY Salaries Comp Emp Bnft Paid | $2,559,354 | PYSalariesCompEmpBnftPaidAmt |
| CY Salaries Comp Emp Bnft Paid | $4,983,339 | CYSalariesCompEmpBnftPaidAmt |
| PY Total Prof Fndrsng Expns | $0 | PYTotalProfFndrsngExpnsAmt |
| CY Total Prof Fndrsng Expns | $0 | CYTotalProfFndrsngExpnsAmt |
| CY Total Fundraising Expense | $155,790 | CYTotalFundraisingExpenseAmt |
| PY Other Expenses | $1,562,128 | PYOtherExpensesAmt |
| CY Other Expenses | $2,571,596 | CYOtherExpensesAmt |
| PY Total Expenses | $4,121,482 | PYTotalExpensesAmt |
| CY Total Expenses | $7,554,935 | CYTotalExpensesAmt |
| PY Revenues Less Expenses | $2,155,934 | PYRevenuesLessExpensesAmt |
| CY Revenues Less Expenses | $3,232,893 | CYRevenuesLessExpensesAmt |
| Total Assets BOY | $2,620,992 | TotalAssetsBOYAmt |
| Total Assets EOY | $6,160,684 | TotalAssetsEOYAmt |
| Total Liabilities BOY | $465,058 | TotalLiabilitiesBOYAmt |
| Total Liabilities EOY | $771,858 | TotalLiabilitiesEOYAmt |
| Net Assets Or Fund Balances BOY | $2,155,934 | NetAssetsOrFundBalancesBOYAmt |
| Net Assets Or Fund Balances EOY | $5,388,826 | NetAssetsOrFundBalancesEOYAmt |
| Info In Schedule O Part III | Yes (X) | InfoInScheduleOPartIIIInd |
| Mission | The Learning Policy Institute conducts and communicates independent, high-quality research to improve education policy and practice. Working with policymakers, researchers, educators, community groups, and others, the Institute seeks to advance evidence-based policies that support empowering and equitable learning for each and every child. Nonprofit and nonpartisan, the Institute connects policymakers and stakeholders at the local, state, and federal levels with the evidence, ideas, and actions needed to strengthen the education system from preschool through college and career readiness. | MissionDesc |
| Significant New Program Srvc | 0 | SignificantNewProgramSrvcInd |
| Significant Change | 0 | SignificantChangeInd |
| Expense | $6,531,188 | ExpenseAmt |
| Revenue | $20,000 | RevenueAmt |
| Desc | In the area of Early Childhood Education, LPI conducted research and published and disseminated reports on: the key elements of high-quality early childhood education programs and how four states built high-quality early education systems at scale. The organization presented the findings of the first report at a convening co-hosted by Early Edge California and Policy Analysis for California Education. LPI organized a national forum in Washington, DC, featuring key experts and advocates to release and discuss the second report. In the area of Deeper Learning, LPI conducted research, and published and disseminated reports on: states' collaboration to redesign accountability systems to better support school improvement and students' acquisition of deeper learning skills; ways that policymakers and educators can leverage the federal Every Student Succeeds Act to improve educational opportunities and outcomes for all children; and productive approaches to teaching and assessing a broad range of academic and social emotional skills. In Educator Quality, LPI conducted and analyzed research on: national and regional trends in teacher supply and demand and strategies to mitigate those trends; the factors that influence teachers' decisions to enter, remain in, or leave the profession and evidence-based recommendations to address those factors; the teacher residency model; the relationship between teachers' experience and their effectiveness; indicators of the teacher shortage, and factors that influence teacher supply and demand in California and nationally. This work resulted in a series of reports and briefings, as well as an interactive map. In the area of Equitable Resources and Access, LPI convened a school-resourcing scholarship network which includes 30 leading scholars, policymaker member organizations, litigators, and civil rights groups. Members of that network met regularly to develop new and innovative ideas to make school financing more equitable. They also laid the groundwork for researchers to begin studying the costs, benefits, and effectiveness of various strategies to address students' learning needs. | Desc |
| Total Program Service Expenses | $6,531,188 | TotalProgramServiceExpensesAmt |
| Described In Section501c3 | Yes (1) | DescribedInSection501c3Ind |
| Schedule B Required | Yes (1) | ScheduleBRequiredInd |
| Political Campaign Acty | 0 | PoliticalCampaignActyInd |
| Lobbying Activities | Yes (1) | LobbyingActivitiesInd |
| Subject To Proxy Tax | 0 | SubjectToProxyTaxInd |
| Donor Advised Fund | 0 | DonorAdvisedFundInd |
| Conservation Easements | 0 | ConservationEasementsInd |
| Collections Of Art | 0 | CollectionsOfArtInd |
| Credit Counseling | 0 | CreditCounselingInd |
| Temp Or Permanent Endowments | 0 | TempOrPermanentEndowmentsInd |
| Report Land Building Equipment | Yes (1) | ReportLandBuildingEquipmentInd |
| Report Investments Other Sec | 0 | ReportInvestmentsOtherSecInd |
| Report Program Related Invst | 0 | ReportProgramRelatedInvstInd |
| Report Other Assets | 0 | ReportOtherAssetsInd |
| Report Other Liabilities | Yes (1) | ReportOtherLiabilitiesInd |
| Include FIN48 Footnote | Yes (1) | IncludeFIN48FootnoteInd |
| Independent Audit Fincl Stmt | Yes (1) | IndependentAuditFinclStmtInd |
| Consolidated Audit Fincl Stmt | 0 | ConsolidatedAuditFinclStmtInd |
| School Operating | 0 | SchoolOperatingInd |
| Foreign Office | 0 | ForeignOfficeInd |
| Foreign Activities | 0 | ForeignActivitiesInd |
| More Than5000 K To Org | 0 | MoreThan5000KToOrgInd |
| More Than5000 K To Individuals | 0 | MoreThan5000KToIndividualsInd |
| Professional Fundraising | 0 | ProfessionalFundraisingInd |
| Fundraising Activities | 0 | FundraisingActivitiesInd |
| Gaming Activities | 0 | GamingActivitiesInd |
| Operate Hospital | 0 | OperateHospitalInd |
| Grants To Organizations | 0 | GrantsToOrganizationsInd |
| Grants To Individuals | 0 | GrantsToIndividualsInd |
| Schedule J Required | Yes (1) | ScheduleJRequiredInd |
| Tax Exempt Bonds | 0 | TaxExemptBondsInd |
| Engaged In Excess Benefit Trans | 0 | EngagedInExcessBenefitTransInd |
| PY Excess Benefit Trans | 0 | PYExcessBenefitTransInd |
| Loan Outstanding | 0 | LoanOutstandingInd |
| Grant To Related Person | 0 | GrantToRelatedPersonInd |
| Business Rln With Org Mem | 0 | BusinessRlnWithOrgMemInd |
| Business Rln With Fam Mem | 0 | BusinessRlnWithFamMemInd |
| Business Rln With Officer Ent | 0 | BusinessRlnWithOfficerEntInd |
| Deductible Non Cash Contri | 0 | DeductibleNonCashContriInd |
| Deductible Art Contribution | 0 | DeductibleArtContributionInd |
| Terminate Operations | 0 | TerminateOperationsInd |
| Partial Liquidation | 0 | PartialLiquidationInd |
| Disregarded Entity | 0 | DisregardedEntityInd |
| Related Entity | 0 | RelatedEntityInd |
| Related Organization Ctrl Ent | 0 | RelatedOrganizationCtrlEntInd |
| Trnsfr Exmpt Non Chrtbl Rltd Org | 0 | TrnsfrExmptNonChrtblRltdOrgInd |
| Activities Conducted Prtshp | 0 | ActivitiesConductedPrtshpInd |
| Schedule O Required | Yes (1) | ScheduleORequiredInd |
| IRP Document | 30 | IRPDocumentCnt |
| IRP Document W2 G | 0 | IRPDocumentW2GCnt |
| Backup Wthld Compliance | Yes (1) | BackupWthldComplianceInd |
| Employee | 47 | EmployeeCnt |
| Employment Tax Returns Filed | Yes (1) | EmploymentTaxReturnsFiledInd |
| Unrelated Bus Incm Over Limit | 0 | UnrelatedBusIncmOverLimitInd |
| Foreign Financial Account | 0 | ForeignFinancialAccountInd |
| Prohibited Tax Shelter Trans | 0 | ProhibitedTaxShelterTransInd |
| Taxable Party Notification | 0 | TaxablePartyNotificationInd |
| Nondeductible Contributions | 0 | NondeductibleContributionsInd |
| Quid Pro Quo Contributions | 0 | QuidProQuoContributionsInd |
| Form8282 Property Disposed Of | 0 | Form8282PropertyDisposedOfInd |
| Rcv Fnds To Pay Prsnl Bnft Cntrct | 0 | RcvFndsToPayPrsnlBnftCntrctInd |
| Pay Premiums Prsnl Bnft Cntrct | 0 | PayPremiumsPrsnlBnftCntrctInd |
| Indoor Tanning Services | 0 | IndoorTanningServicesInd |
| Info In Schedule O Part VI | Yes (X) | InfoInScheduleOPartVIInd |
| Governing Body Voting Members | 9 | GoverningBodyVotingMembersCnt |
| Independent Voting Member | 8 | IndependentVotingMemberCnt |
| Family Or Business Rln | 0 | FamilyOrBusinessRlnInd |
| Delegation Of Mgmt Duties | 0 | DelegationOfMgmtDutiesInd |
| Change To Org Documents | 0 | ChangeToOrgDocumentsInd |
| Material Diversion Or Misuse | 0 | MaterialDiversionOrMisuseInd |
| Members Or Stockholders | 0 | MembersOrStockholdersInd |
| Election Of Board Members | 0 | ElectionOfBoardMembersInd |
| Decisions Subject To Approva | 0 | DecisionsSubjectToApprovaInd |
| Minutes Of Governing Body | Yes (1) | MinutesOfGoverningBodyInd |
| Minutes Of Committees | Yes (1) | MinutesOfCommitteesInd |
| Officer Mailing Address | 0 | OfficerMailingAddressInd |
| Local Chapters | 0 | LocalChaptersInd |
| Form990 Provided To Gvrn Body | Yes (1) | Form990ProvidedToGvrnBodyInd |
| Conflict Of Interest Policy | Yes (1) | ConflictOfInterestPolicyInd |
| Annual Disclosure Covered Prsn | Yes (1) | AnnualDisclosureCoveredPrsnInd |
| Regular Monitoring Enfrc | Yes (1) | RegularMonitoringEnfrcInd |
| Whistleblower Policy | Yes (1) | WhistleblowerPolicyInd |
| Document Retention Policy | Yes (1) | DocumentRetentionPolicyInd |
| Compensation Process CEO | Yes (1) | CompensationProcessCEOInd |
| Compensation Process Other | Yes (1) | CompensationProcessOtherInd |
| Investment In Joint Venture | 0 | InvestmentInJointVentureInd |
| States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld | CA | StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd |
| States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld | DC | StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd |
| Upon Request | Yes (X) | UponRequestInd |
Books In Care Of Detail BooksInCareOfDetail
Business Name BusinessName
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Business Name Line1 | Jeff Kumataka | BusinessNameLine1Txt |
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Phone | 6503329733 | PhoneNum |
US Address USAddress
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Address Line1 | 1530 Page Mill Road Suite 200 | AddressLine1Txt |
| City | Palo Alto | CityNm |
| State Abbreviation | CA | StateAbbreviationCd |
| ZIP | 94304 | ZIPCd |
Form990 Part VII Section A Form990PartVIISectionAGrp (15 entries)
| TitleTitleTxt | Average Hours Per WeekAverageHoursPerWeekRt | Individual Trustee Or DirectorIndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd | OfficerOfficerInd | Reportable Comp From OrgReportableCompFromOrgAmt | Reportable Comp From Rltd OrgReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt | Other CompensationOtherCompensationAmt | Highest Compensated EmployeeHighestCompensatedEmployeeInd |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Susan Sandler | |||||||
| Board Chair | 10.00 | Yes (X) | Yes (X) | $0 | $0 | $0 | |
| David Lyon | |||||||
| Board Treasurer | 5.00 | Yes (X) | Yes (X) | $0 | $0 | $0 | |
| Henry Louis Gates Jr | |||||||
| Director | 5.00 | Yes (X) | $0 | $0 | $0 | ||
| Kris D Gutierrez | |||||||
| Director | 5.00 | Yes (X) | $0 | $0 | $0 | ||
| Sherrilyn Ifill | |||||||
| Director | 5.00 | Yes (X) | $0 | $0 | $0 | ||
| David Rattray | |||||||
| Director | 5.00 | Yes (X) | $0 | $0 | $0 | ||
| Ted Sanders | |||||||
| Director | 5.00 | Yes (X) | $0 | $0 | $0 | ||
| Stephan Turnipseed | |||||||
| Director | 5.00 | Yes (X) | $0 | $0 | $0 | ||
| Linda Darling-Hammond | |||||||
| Director, Pres. & CEO | 26.00 | Yes (X) | Yes (X) | $243,811 | $0 | $42,658 | |
| Patrick Shields | |||||||
| Executive Director | 40.00 | Yes (X) | $304,474 | $0 | $30,756 | ||
| Peter Ross | |||||||
| Chief of Staff | 40.00 | Yes (X) | $180,786 | $0 | $32,709 | ||
| Jeff Kumataka | |||||||
| CFO | 40.00 | Yes (X) | $185,054 | $0 | $46,057 | ||
| Marjorie Wechsler | |||||||
| Principal Research Manager | 40.00 | $180,839 | $0 | $10,850 | Yes (X) | ||
| Charmaine Mercer | |||||||
| Director of DC Office | 40.00 | $168,896 | $0 | $34,156 | Yes (X) | ||
| Livia Lam | |||||||
| Senior Policy Advisor | 40.00 | $135,759 | $0 | $23,458 | Yes (X) | ||
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Total Reportable Comp From Org | $1,399,619 | TotalReportableCompFromOrgAmt |
| Tot Reportable Comp Rltd Org | $0 | TotReportableCompRltdOrgAmt |
| Total Other Compensation | $220,644 | TotalOtherCompensationAmt |
| Indiv Rcvd Greater Than100 K | 7 | IndivRcvdGreaterThan100KCnt |
| Former Ofcr Employees Listed | 0 | FormerOfcrEmployeesListedInd |
| Total Comp Greater Than150 K | Yes (1) | TotalCompGreaterThan150KInd |
| Compensation From Other Srcs | 0 | CompensationFromOtherSrcsInd |
Contractor Compensation ContractorCompensationGrp (2 entries)
| Address Line1ContractorAddress/USAddress/AddressLine1Txt | CityContractorAddress/USAddress/CityNm | State AbbreviationContractorAddress/USAddress/StateAbbreviationCd | ZIPContractorAddress/USAddress/ZIPCd | ServicesServicesDesc | CompensationCompensationAmt |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hatcher Group | |||||
| 4340 East West Highway | Bethesda | MD | 20814 | Media/Website Support | $173,386 |
| Malish and Pagonis | |||||
| PO Box 749415 | Washington | DC | 20036 | Printing | $144,169 |
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Cntrct Rcvd Greater Than100 K | 2 | CntrctRcvdGreaterThan100KCnt |
| All Other Contributions | $10,765,292 | AllOtherContributionsAmt |
| Total Contributions | $10,765,292 | TotalContributionsAmt |
Program Service Revenue ProgramServiceRevenueGrp
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Desc | Speaking Fees | Desc |
| Business | 812900 | BusinessCd |
| Total Revenue Column | $20,000 | TotalRevenueColumnAmt |
| Related Or Exempt Func Income | $20,000 | RelatedOrExemptFuncIncomeAmt |
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Total Program Service Revenue | $20,000 | TotalProgramServiceRevenueAmt |
Investment Income InvestmentIncomeGrp
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Total Revenue Column | $2,536 | TotalRevenueColumnAmt |
| Exclusion | $2,536 | ExclusionAmt |
Total Revenue TotalRevenueGrp
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Total Revenue Column | $10,787,828 | TotalRevenueColumnAmt |
| Related Or Exempt Func Income | $20,000 | RelatedOrExemptFuncIncomeAmt |
| Unrelated Business Revenue | $0 | UnrelatedBusinessRevenueAmt |
| Exclusion | $2,536 | ExclusionAmt |
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Info In Schedule O Part IX | Yes (X) | InfoInScheduleOPartIXInd |
Comp Current Ofcr Directors CompCurrentOfcrDirectorsGrp
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Total | $1,066,304 | TotalAmt |
| Program Services | $920,967 | ProgramServicesAmt |
| Management And General | $123,371 | ManagementAndGeneralAmt |
| Fundraising | $21,966 | FundraisingAmt |
Other Salaries And Wages OtherSalariesAndWagesGrp
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Total | $3,074,334 | TotalAmt |
| Program Services | $2,551,280 | ProgramServicesAmt |
| Management And General | $439,612 | ManagementAndGeneralAmt |
| Fundraising | $83,442 | FundraisingAmt |
Pension Plan Contributions PensionPlanContributionsGrp
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Total | $131,695 | TotalAmt |
| Program Services | $108,043 | ProgramServicesAmt |
| Management And General | $19,836 | ManagementAndGeneralAmt |
| Fundraising | $3,816 | FundraisingAmt |
Other Employee Benefits OtherEmployeeBenefitsGrp
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Total | $444,294 | TotalAmt |
| Program Services | $372,641 | ProgramServicesAmt |
| Management And General | $60,286 | ManagementAndGeneralAmt |
| Fundraising | $11,367 | FundraisingAmt |
Payroll Taxes PayrollTaxesGrp
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Total | $266,712 | TotalAmt |
| Program Services | $223,501 | ProgramServicesAmt |
| Management And General | $36,391 | ManagementAndGeneralAmt |
| Fundraising | $6,820 | FundraisingAmt |
Fees For Services Legal FeesForServicesLegalGrp
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Total | $2,448 | TotalAmt |
| Program Services | $2,448 | ProgramServicesAmt |
Fees For Services Accounting FeesForServicesAccountingGrp
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Total | $18,992 | TotalAmt |
| Program Services | $15,915 | ProgramServicesAmt |
| Management And General | $2,591 | ManagementAndGeneralAmt |
| Fundraising | $486 | FundraisingAmt |
Fees For Services Other FeesForServicesOtherGrp
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Total | $905,456 | TotalAmt |
| Program Services | $895,401 | ProgramServicesAmt |
| Management And General | $9,283 | ManagementAndGeneralAmt |
| Fundraising | $772 | FundraisingAmt |
Office Expenses OfficeExpensesGrp
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Total | $86,048 | TotalAmt |
| Program Services | $78,842 | ProgramServicesAmt |
| Management And General | $6,143 | ManagementAndGeneralAmt |
| Fundraising | $1,063 | FundraisingAmt |
Information Technology InformationTechnologyGrp
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Total | $41,313 | TotalAmt |
| Program Services | $35,529 | ProgramServicesAmt |
| Management And General | $4,774 | ManagementAndGeneralAmt |
| Fundraising | $1,010 | FundraisingAmt |
Occupancy OccupancyGrp
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Total | $795,451 | TotalAmt |
| Program Services | $666,574 | ProgramServicesAmt |
| Management And General | $108,536 | ManagementAndGeneralAmt |
| Fundraising | $20,341 | FundraisingAmt |
Travel TravelGrp
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Total | $407,817 | TotalAmt |
| Program Services | $377,231 | ProgramServicesAmt |
| Management And General | $30,586 | ManagementAndGeneralAmt |
Conferences Meetings ConferencesMeetingsGrp
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Total | $33,520 | TotalAmt |
| Program Services | $33,247 | ProgramServicesAmt |
| Management And General | $273 | ManagementAndGeneralAmt |
Depreciation Depletion DepreciationDepletionGrp
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Total | $20,619 | TotalAmt |
| Program Services | $17,732 | ProgramServicesAmt |
| Management And General | $2,383 | ManagementAndGeneralAmt |
| Fundraising | $504 | FundraisingAmt |
Insurance InsuranceGrp
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Total | $18,780 | TotalAmt |
| Program Services | $15,738 | ProgramServicesAmt |
| Management And General | $2,562 | ManagementAndGeneralAmt |
| Fundraising | $480 | FundraisingAmt |
Other Expenses OtherExpensesGrp (4 entries)
| DescDesc | TotalTotalAmt | Program ServicesProgramServicesAmt | Management And GeneralManagementAndGeneralAmt | FundraisingFundraisingAmt |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Website | $81,890 | $70,425 | $9,463 | $2,002 |
| Staff Development | $48,068 | $45,665 | $2,403 | |
| Publications, Reference | $37,108 | $36,366 | $742 | |
| Other Expenses | $29,670 | $26,127 | $2,942 | $601 |
All Other Expenses AllOtherExpensesGrp
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Total | $44,416 | TotalAmt |
| Program Services | $37,516 | ProgramServicesAmt |
| Management And General | $5,780 | ManagementAndGeneralAmt |
| Fundraising | $1,120 | FundraisingAmt |
Total Functional Expenses TotalFunctionalExpensesGrp
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Total | $7,554,935 | TotalAmt |
| Program Services | $6,531,188 | ProgramServicesAmt |
| Management And General | $867,957 | ManagementAndGeneralAmt |
| Fundraising | $155,790 | FundraisingAmt |
Cash Non Interest Bearing CashNonInterestBearingGrp
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| BOY | $932,260 | BOYAmt |
| EOY | $3,430,585 | EOYAmt |
Pledges And Grants Receivable PledgesAndGrantsReceivableGrp
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| BOY | $1,300,000 | BOYAmt |
| EOY | $2,419,294 | EOYAmt |
Accounts Receivable AccountsReceivableGrp
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| BOY | $51,919 | BOYAmt |
| EOY | $3,000 | EOYAmt |
Prepaid Expenses Defrd Charges PrepaidExpensesDefrdChargesGrp
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| BOY | $137,783 | BOYAmt |
| EOY | $121,693 | EOYAmt |
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Land Bldg Equip Cost Or Other Bss | $113,687 | LandBldgEquipCostOrOtherBssAmt |
| Land Bldg Equip Accum Deprec | $35,404 | LandBldgEquipAccumDeprecAmt |
Land Bldg Equip Basis Net LandBldgEquipBasisNetGrp
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| BOY | $91,201 | BOYAmt |
| EOY | $78,283 | EOYAmt |
Other Assets Total OtherAssetsTotalGrp
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| BOY | $107,829 | BOYAmt |
| EOY | $107,829 | EOYAmt |
Total Assets TotalAssetsGrp
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| BOY | $2,620,992 | BOYAmt |
| EOY | $6,160,684 | EOYAmt |
Accounts Payable Accr Expnss AccountsPayableAccrExpnssGrp
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| BOY | $66,480 | BOYAmt |
| EOY | $77,069 | EOYAmt |
Grants Payable GrantsPayableGrp
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| EOY | $150,000 | EOYAmt |
Other Liabilities OtherLiabilitiesGrp
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| BOY | $398,578 | BOYAmt |
| EOY | $544,789 | EOYAmt |
Total Liabilities TotalLiabilitiesGrp
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| BOY | $465,058 | BOYAmt |
| EOY | $771,858 | EOYAmt |
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Organization Follows SFAS117 | Yes (X) | OrganizationFollowsSFAS117Ind |
Unrestricted Net Assets UnrestrictedNetAssetsGrp
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| BOY | $2,140,857 | BOYAmt |
| EOY | $1,775,449 | EOYAmt |
Temporarily Rstr Net Assets TemporarilyRstrNetAssetsGrp
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| BOY | $15,077 | BOYAmt |
| EOY | $3,613,377 | EOYAmt |
Total Net Assets Fund Balance TotalNetAssetsFundBalanceGrp
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| BOY | $2,155,934 | BOYAmt |
| EOY | $5,388,826 | EOYAmt |
Tot Liab Net Assets Fund Balance TotLiabNetAssetsFundBalanceGrp
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| BOY | $2,620,992 | BOYAmt |
| EOY | $6,160,684 | EOYAmt |
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Reconcilation Revenue Expnss | $3,232,893 | ReconcilationRevenueExpnssAmt |
| Other Changes In Net Assets | $0 | OtherChangesInNetAssetsAmt |
| Info In Schedule O Part XII | Yes (X) | InfoInScheduleOPartXIIInd |
| Method Of Accounting Accrual | Yes (X) | MethodOfAccountingAccrualInd |
| Accountant Compile Or Review | 0 | AccountantCompileOrReviewInd |
| FS Audited | Yes (1) | FSAuditedInd |
FS Audited Basis FSAuditedBasisGrp
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Separate Basis Fincl Stmt | Yes (X) | SeparateBasisFinclStmtInd |
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Audit Committee | Yes (1) | AuditCommitteeInd |
| Federal Grant Audit Required | 0 | FederalGrantAuditRequiredInd |
Schedule A IRS990ScheduleA
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Public Organization170 | Yes (X) | PublicOrganization170Ind |
Gifts Grants Contri Rcvd170 GiftsGrantsContriRcvd170Grp
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Current Tax Year Minus1 Year | $6,275,000 | CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt |
| Current Tax Year | $10,765,292 | CurrentTaxYearAmt |
| Total | $17,040,292 | TotalAmt |
Total Calendar Year170 TotalCalendarYear170Grp
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Current Tax Year Minus1 Year | $6,275,000 | CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt |
| Current Tax Year | $10,765,292 | CurrentTaxYearAmt |
| Total | $17,040,292 | TotalAmt |
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Substantial Contributors Tot | $13,623,669 | SubstantialContributorsTotAmt |
| Public Support Total170 | $3,416,623 | PublicSupportTotal170Amt |
Gross Investment Income170 GrossInvestmentIncome170Grp
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Current Tax Year Minus1 Year | $416 | CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt |
| Current Tax Year | $2,536 | CurrentTaxYearAmt |
| Total | $2,952 | TotalAmt |
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Total Support | $17,043,244 | TotalSupportAmt |
| Gross Receipts Rltd Activities | $22,000 | GrossReceiptsRltdActivitiesAmt |
| First5 Years170 | Yes (X) | First5Years170Ind |
Schedule B IRS990ScheduleB
Contributor Information ContributorInformationGrp
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Contributor | RESTRICTED | ContributorNum |
Contributor Business Name ContributorBusinessName
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Business Name Line1 | RESTRICTED | BusinessNameLine1 |
Contributor US Address ContributorUSAddress
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Address Line1 | RESTRICTED | AddressLine1 |
| Address Line2 | RESTRICTED | AddressLine2 |
| City | RESTRICTED | City |
| State | RESTRICTED | State |
| ZIP Code | RESTRICTED | ZIPCode |
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Total Contributions | RESTRICTED | TotalContributionsAmt |
Schedule C IRS990ScheduleC
Total Grassroots Lobbying TotalGrassrootsLobbyingGrp
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Filing Organizations Total | $0 | FilingOrganizationsTotalAmt |
Total Direct Lobbying TotalDirectLobbyingGrp
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Filing Organizations Total | $31,805 | FilingOrganizationsTotalAmt |
Total Lobbying Expend TotalLobbyingExpendGrp
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Filing Organizations Total | $31,805 | FilingOrganizationsTotalAmt |
Other Exempt Purpose Expend OtherExemptPurposeExpendGrp
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Filing Organizations Total | $7,554,936 | FilingOrganizationsTotalAmt |
Total Exempt Purpose Expend TotalExemptPurposeExpendGrp
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Filing Organizations Total | $7,586,741 | FilingOrganizationsTotalAmt |
Lobbying Nontaxable Amount LobbyingNontaxableAmountGrp
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Filing Organizations Total | $529,337 | FilingOrganizationsTotalAmt |
Grassroots Nontaxable GrassrootsNontaxableGrp
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Filing Organizations Total | $132,334 | FilingOrganizationsTotalAmt |
Tot Lbbyng Grassroot Mns Non Tx TotLbbyngGrassrootMnsNonTxGrp
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Filing Organizations Total | $0 | FilingOrganizationsTotalAmt |
Tot Lbby Expend Mns Lbbyng Non Tx TotLbbyExpendMnsLbbyngNonTxGrp
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Filing Organizations Total | $0 | FilingOrganizationsTotalAmt |
Avg Lobbying Nontaxable Amount AvgLobbyingNontaxableAmountGrp
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Current Year | $529,337 | CurrentYearAmt |
| Total | $529,337 | TotalAmt |
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Lobbying Ceiling | $794,006 | LobbyingCeilingAmt |
Avg Total Lobbying Expend AvgTotalLobbyingExpendGrp
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Current Year | $31,805 | CurrentYearAmt |
| Total | $31,805 | TotalAmt |
Avg Grassroots Nontaxable AvgGrassrootsNontaxableGrp
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Current Year | $132,334 | CurrentYearAmt |
| Total | $132,334 | TotalAmt |
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Grassroots Ceiling | $198,501 | GrassrootsCeilingAmt |
Schedule D IRS990ScheduleD
Leasehold Improvements LeaseholdImprovementsGrp
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Other Cost Or Other Basis | $94,460 | OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt |
| Depreciation | $30,918 | DepreciationAmt |
| Book Value | $63,542 | BookValueAmt |
Equipment EquipmentGrp
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Other Cost Or Other Basis | $19,227 | OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt |
| Depreciation | $4,486 | DepreciationAmt |
| Book Value | $14,741 | BookValueAmt |
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Total Book Value Land Buildings | $78,283 | TotalBookValueLandBuildingsAmt |
Other Liabilities Org OtherLiabilitiesOrgGrp (2 entries)
| DescDesc | AmtAmt |
|---|---|
| Accrued Expenses | $356,303 |
| Deferred Rent | $188,486 |
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Total Liability | $544,789 | TotalLiabilityAmt |
| Footnote Text | Yes (X) | FootnoteTextInd |
| Total Rev Etc Audited Fincl Stmt | $7,189,528 | TotalRevEtcAuditedFinclStmtAmt |
| Other Revenue | -$3,598,300 | OtherRevenueAmt |
| Revenue Not Reported | -$3,598,300 | RevenueNotReportedAmt |
| Revenue Subtotal | $10,787,828 | RevenueSubtotalAmt |
| Revenue Not Reported Fincl Stmt | $0 | RevenueNotReportedFinclStmtAmt |
| Total Revenue Per Form990 | $10,787,828 | TotalRevenuePerForm990Amt |
| Tot Expns Etc Audited Fincl Stmt | $7,554,936 | TotExpnsEtcAuditedFinclStmtAmt |
| Expenses Not Reported | $0 | ExpensesNotReportedAmt |
| Expenses Subtotal | $7,554,936 | ExpensesSubtotalAmt |
| Expenses Not Rpt Fincl Stmt | $0 | ExpensesNotRptFinclStmtAmt |
| Total Expenses Per Form990 | $7,554,936 | TotalExpensesPerForm990Amt |
Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail (2 entries)
| Form And Line ReferenceFormAndLineReferenceDesc | ExplanationExplanationTxt |
|---|---|
| Part X, Line 2: | Income Taxes - The Institute is exempt from income taxes under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code. The Institute has also received recognition of its exempt status from California and Washington D.C. The Institute has applied the accounting principles related to accounting for uncertainty in income taxes and has determined that there is no material impact on the financial statements. The Institute's status as a publicly supported charity is subject to the Internal Revenue Service's (IRS) 5-year look back period which requires a reporting of the Institute's revenue sources through the end of 2019. Failure to meet the criteria for classification as a publicly supported charity could result in the Institute being declared a private foundation. The Institute's management believes that it will satisfy the IRS' required criteria and will be able to maintain its publicly supported charity status. |
| Part XI, Line 2d - Other Adjustments: | Net Grants included in Temporarily Restricted Assets -3598300. |
Schedule J IRS990ScheduleJ
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Form990 Of Other Organizations | Yes (X) | Form990OfOtherOrganizationsInd |
| Written Employment Contract | Yes (X) | WrittenEmploymentContractInd |
| Compensation Survey | Yes (X) | CompensationSurveyInd |
| Board Or Committee Approval | Yes (X) | BoardOrCommitteeApprovalInd |
| Severance Payment | 0 | SeverancePaymentInd |
| Supplemental Nonqual Rtr Plan | 0 | SupplementalNonqualRtrPlanInd |
| Equity Based Comp Arrngm | 0 | EquityBasedCompArrngmInd |
| Comp Based On Revenue Of Flng Org | 0 | CompBasedOnRevenueOfFlngOrgInd |
| Comp Bsd On Rev Related Orgs | 0 | CompBsdOnRevRelatedOrgsInd |
| Comp Bsd Net Earns Flng Org | 0 | CompBsdNetEarnsFlngOrgInd |
| Comp Bsd Net Earns Rltd Orgs | 0 | CompBsdNetEarnsRltdOrgsInd |
| Any Non Fixed Payments | 0 | AnyNonFixedPaymentsInd |
| Initial Contract Exception | 0 | InitialContractExceptionInd |
Rltd Org Officer Trst Key Empl RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp (7 entries)
| TitleTitleTxt | Base Compensation Filing OrgBaseCompensationFilingOrgAmt | Compensation Based On Rltd OrgsCompensationBasedOnRltdOrgsAmt | Bonus Filing OrganizationBonusFilingOrganizationAmount | Bonus Related OrganizationsBonusRelatedOrganizationsAmt | Other Compensation Filing OrgOtherCompensationFilingOrgAmt | Other Compensation Rltd OrgsOtherCompensationRltdOrgsAmt | Deferred Compensation Flng OrgDeferredCompensationFlngOrgAmt | Deferred Comp Rltd OrgsDeferredCompRltdOrgsAmt | Nontaxable Benefits Filing OrgNontaxableBenefitsFilingOrgAmt | Nontaxable Benefits Rltd OrgsNontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt | Total Compensation Filing OrgTotalCompensationFilingOrgAmt | Total Compensation Rltd OrgsTotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt | Comp Report Prior990 Filing OrgCompReportPrior990FilingOrgAmt | Comp Report Prior990 Rltd OrgsCompReportPrior990RltdOrgsAmt |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linda Darling-Hammond | ||||||||||||||
| Director, Pres. & CEO | $243,811 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $24,209 | $0 | $18,449 | $0 | $286,469 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| Patrick Shields | ||||||||||||||
| Executive Director | $304,474 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $28,487 | $0 | $2,269 | $0 | $335,230 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| Peter Ross | ||||||||||||||
| Chief of Staff | $180,786 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $18,417 | $0 | $14,292 | $0 | $213,495 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| Jeff Kumataka | ||||||||||||||
| CFO | $185,054 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $18,900 | $0 | $27,157 | $0 | $231,111 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| Marjorie Wechsler | ||||||||||||||
| Principal Research Manager | $180,839 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $10,850 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $191,689 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| Charmaine Mercer | ||||||||||||||
| Director of DC Office | $168,896 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $10,134 | $0 | $24,022 | $0 | $203,052 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| Livia Lam | ||||||||||||||
| Senior Policy Advisor | $135,759 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $8,146 | $0 | $15,312 | $0 | $159,217 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
Schedule O IRS990ScheduleO
Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail (6 entries)
| Form And Line ReferenceFormAndLineReferenceDesc | ExplanationExplanationTxt |
|---|---|
| Form 990, Part VI, Section B, line 11b | The Form 990 was prepared by a Certified Public Accountant. The prepared Form 990 was forwarded to the Chief Financial Officer for review. Following the review by the CFO, the Form 990 was forwarded to the management team and to all members of the governing Board prior to filing. |
| Form 990, Part VI, Section B, line 12c | Each Member of the Board of Directors is required to complete a conflict of interest form. Those forms are reviewed by the Board Chair and any perceived or actual conflicts of interest are addressed. |
| Form 990, Part VI, Section B, line 15 | The Organization has adopted a policy with regard to establishing the compensation of the CEO and the CFO that fulfills the requirements for invoking the rebuttable presumption of reasonableness under Treas. Regs. 53.4958-6. Pursuant to that policy, the process for determining the compensation of the Organization's CEO and CFO included a review and approval by independent persons, a review of comparable compensation data and contemporaneous substantiation of the deliberation and decision making process. The compensation of the other members of the management team was established by the Board based upon the compensation earned by persons performing like services for like organizations. |
| Form 990, Part VI, Section C, line 19 | The Institute's Form 990 is available upon request. The Institute's governing documents, conflict of interest policy, and financial statements available as required by the State of California and the federal government. |
| Form 990, Part IX, line 11g | IT Support: Program service expenses 19475. Management and general expenses 3171. Fundraising expenses 594. Total expenses 23240. Other: Program service expenses 5839. Management and general expenses 951. Fundraising expenses 178. Total expenses 6968. Program Consultants: Program service expenses 617182. Management and general expenses 0. Fundraising expenses 0. Total expenses 617182. Communications Consultants: Program service expenses 252905. Management and general expenses 5161. Fundraising expenses 0. Total expenses 258066. |
| Form 990, Part XII, Line 2c | The process of the audit committee has not changed from the prior year. |
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