THE VOICES AND FACES PROJECT: Form 990, tax year 2017

View the entire original 990 at ProPublica ↗

Organization
THE VOICES AND FACES PROJECT (EIN 20-4656753)
Tax period
2017-01-01 to 2017-12-31
Filed
2018-08-30
IRS object ID
201842429349301054
Schema version
2017v2.3
Source
Download XML · Original 990 at ProPublica

Every field in the e-filed return. Faint text is the IRS element name, for citing.

Return header ReturnHeader

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Return2018-08-30T13:35:50-05:00ReturnTs
Tax Period End2017-12-31TaxPeriodEndDt

Preparer Firm PreparerFirmGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Preparer Firm EIN452131468PreparerFirmEIN

Preparer Firm Name PreparerFirmName

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1WALTER J NEWTON & CO CPASBusinessNameLine1Txt

Preparer US Address PreparerUSAddress

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Address Line1PO BOX 4349AddressLine1Txt
CityOAK PARKCityNm
State AbbreviationILStateAbbreviationCd
ZIP60304ZIPCd
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Return Type990ReturnTypeCd
Tax Period Begin2017-01-01TaxPeriodBeginDt

Filer Filer

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
EIN204656753EIN

Business Name BusinessName

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1THE VOICES & FACES PROJECTBusinessNameLine1Txt
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Business Name ControlVOICBusinessNameControlTxt
Phone3129860628PhoneNum

US Address USAddress

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Address Line147 W POLK ST 170AddressLine1Txt
CityCHICAGOCityNm
State AbbreviationILStateAbbreviationCd
ZIP60605ZIPCd

Business Officer BusinessOfficerGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
PersonANNE REAMPersonNm
Person TitleEXECUTIVE DIRECTORPersonTitleTxt
Phone3129860628PhoneNum
Signature2018-05-02SignatureDt

Preparer Person PreparerPersonGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Preparer PersonLEE SCHWARZBACHPreparerPersonNm
PTINP00639673PTIN
Phone7087714000PhoneNum
Preparation2018-08-30PreparationDt
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Tax2017TaxYr
Build TS2022-09-23 18:48:47ZBuildTS

Form 990 IRS990

Doing Business As Name DoingBusinessAsName

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1RAPE&SEXUAL ASSAULT SURVIVOR NTWKBusinessNameLine1Txt
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Principal OfficerANNE REAMPrincipalOfficerNm

US Address USAddress

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Address Line147 W POLK 170AddressLine1Txt
CityCHICAGOCityNm
State AbbreviationILStateAbbreviationCd
ZIP60605ZIPCd
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Gross Receipts$804,998GrossReceiptsAmt
Group Return For AffiliatesfalseGroupReturnForAffiliatesInd
Organization501c3Yes (X)Organization501c3Ind
Website AddressWWW.VOICESANDFACES.ORGWebsiteAddressTxt
Type Of Organization CorpYes (X)TypeOfOrganizationCorpInd
Formation2006FormationYr
Legal Domicile StateILLegalDomicileStateCd
Activity Or MissionNATIONAL NETWORK OF SEXUAL ASSAULT SURVIVORS SPEAKING OUT ABOUT RAPE AND SEXUAL VIOLENCE THROUGH CREATIVE, CIVIC AND SOCIAL MEANS.ActivityOrMissionDesc
Voting Members Governing Body3VotingMembersGoverningBodyCnt
Voting Members Independent3VotingMembersIndependentCnt
Total Employee1TotalEmployeeCnt
Total Gross UBI$0TotalGrossUBIAmt
PY Contributions Grants$1,155,459PYContributionsGrantsAmt
CY Contributions Grants$763,503CYContributionsGrantsAmt
PY Program Service Revenue$17,130PYProgramServiceRevenueAmt
CY Program Service Revenue$41,495CYProgramServiceRevenueAmt
CY Investment Income$0CYInvestmentIncomeAmt
CY Other Revenue$0CYOtherRevenueAmt
PY Total Revenue$1,172,589PYTotalRevenueAmt
CY Total Revenue$804,998CYTotalRevenueAmt
CY Grants And Similar Paid$0CYGrantsAndSimilarPaidAmt
CY Benefits Paid To Members$0CYBenefitsPaidToMembersAmt
PY Salaries Comp Emp Bnft Paid$175,692PYSalariesCompEmpBnftPaidAmt
CY Salaries Comp Emp Bnft Paid$118,720CYSalariesCompEmpBnftPaidAmt
CY Total Prof Fndrsng Expns$0CYTotalProfFndrsngExpnsAmt
CY Total Fundraising Expense$16,810CYTotalFundraisingExpenseAmt
PY Other Expenses$992,964PYOtherExpensesAmt
CY Other Expenses$684,876CYOtherExpensesAmt
PY Total Expenses$1,168,656PYTotalExpensesAmt
CY Total Expenses$803,596CYTotalExpensesAmt
PY Revenues Less Expenses$3,933PYRevenuesLessExpensesAmt
CY Revenues Less Expenses$1,402CYRevenuesLessExpensesAmt
Total Assets BOY$199,193TotalAssetsBOYAmt
Total Assets EOY$182,871TotalAssetsEOYAmt
Total Liabilities BOY$28,221TotalLiabilitiesBOYAmt
Total Liabilities EOY$10,497TotalLiabilitiesEOYAmt
Net Assets Or Fund Balances BOY$170,972NetAssetsOrFundBalancesBOYAmt
Net Assets Or Fund Balances EOY$172,374NetAssetsOrFundBalancesEOYAmt
MissionNATIONAL NETWORK OF SEXUAL ASSAULT SURVIVORS SPEAKING OUT ABOUT RAPE AND SEXUAL VIOLENCE THROUGH CREATIVE, CIVIC AND SOCIAL MEANS.MissionDesc
Significant New Program SrvcfalseSignificantNewProgramSrvcInd
Significant ChangefalseSignificantChangeInd
Expense$735,367ExpenseAmt
DescNATIONAL NETWORK OF SEXUAL ASSAULT SURVIVORS SPEAKING OUT ABOUT RAPE AND SEXUAL VIOLENCE THROUGH CREATIVE, CIVIC AND SOCIAL MEANS.Desc
Total Program Service Expenses$735,367TotalProgramServiceExpensesAmt
Described In Section501c3Yes (true)DescribedInSection501c3Ind
Schedule B RequiredYes (true)ScheduleBRequiredInd
Political Campaign ActyfalsePoliticalCampaignActyInd
Lobbying ActivitiesfalseLobbyingActivitiesInd
Subject To Proxy TaxfalseSubjectToProxyTaxInd
Donor Advised FundfalseDonorAdvisedFundInd
Conservation EasementsfalseConservationEasementsInd
Collections Of ArtfalseCollectionsOfArtInd
Credit CounselingfalseCreditCounselingInd
Temp Or Permanent EndowmentsfalseTempOrPermanentEndowmentsInd
Report Land Building EquipmentfalseReportLandBuildingEquipmentInd
Report Investments Other SecfalseReportInvestmentsOtherSecInd
Report Program Related InvstfalseReportProgramRelatedInvstInd
Report Other AssetsfalseReportOtherAssetsInd
Report Other LiabilitiesfalseReportOtherLiabilitiesInd
Include FIN48 FootnotefalseIncludeFIN48FootnoteInd
Independent Audit Fincl StmtYes (true)IndependentAuditFinclStmtInd
Consolidated Audit Fincl StmtfalseConsolidatedAuditFinclStmtInd
School OperatingfalseSchoolOperatingInd
Foreign OfficefalseForeignOfficeInd
Foreign ActivitiesfalseForeignActivitiesInd
More Than5000 K To OrgfalseMoreThan5000KToOrgInd
More Than5000 K To IndividualsfalseMoreThan5000KToIndividualsInd
Professional FundraisingfalseProfessionalFundraisingInd
Fundraising ActivitiesfalseFundraisingActivitiesInd
Gaming ActivitiesfalseGamingActivitiesInd
Operate HospitalfalseOperateHospitalInd
Grants To OrganizationsfalseGrantsToOrganizationsInd
Grants To IndividualsfalseGrantsToIndividualsInd
Schedule J RequiredfalseScheduleJRequiredInd
Tax Exempt BondsfalseTaxExemptBondsInd
Engaged In Excess Benefit TransfalseEngagedInExcessBenefitTransInd
PY Excess Benefit TransfalsePYExcessBenefitTransInd
Loan OutstandingfalseLoanOutstandingInd
Grant To Related PersonfalseGrantToRelatedPersonInd
Business Rln With Org MemfalseBusinessRlnWithOrgMemInd
Business Rln With Fam MemfalseBusinessRlnWithFamMemInd
Business Rln With Officer EntfalseBusinessRlnWithOfficerEntInd
Deductible Non Cash ContriYes (true)DeductibleNonCashContriInd
Deductible Art ContributionfalseDeductibleArtContributionInd
Terminate OperationsfalseTerminateOperationsInd
Partial LiquidationfalsePartialLiquidationInd
Disregarded EntityfalseDisregardedEntityInd
Related EntityfalseRelatedEntityInd
Related Organization Ctrl EntfalseRelatedOrganizationCtrlEntInd
Trnsfr Exmpt Non Chrtbl Rltd OrgfalseTrnsfrExmptNonChrtblRltdOrgInd
Activities Conducted PrtshpfalseActivitiesConductedPrtshpInd
Schedule O RequiredYes (true)ScheduleORequiredInd
IRP Document10IRPDocumentCnt
IRP Document W2 G0IRPDocumentW2GCnt
Backup Wthld ComplianceYes (true)BackupWthldComplianceInd
Employee1EmployeeCnt
Employment Tax Returns FiledYes (true)EmploymentTaxReturnsFiledInd
Unrelated Bus Incm Over LimitfalseUnrelatedBusIncmOverLimitInd
Foreign Financial AccountfalseForeignFinancialAccountInd
Prohibited Tax Shelter TransfalseProhibitedTaxShelterTransInd
Taxable Party NotificationfalseTaxablePartyNotificationInd
Nondeductible ContributionsfalseNondeductibleContributionsInd
Indoor Tanning ServicesfalseIndoorTanningServicesInd
Info In Schedule O Part VIYes (X)InfoInScheduleOPartVIInd
Governing Body Voting Members3GoverningBodyVotingMembersCnt
Independent Voting Member3IndependentVotingMemberCnt
Family Or Business RlnfalseFamilyOrBusinessRlnInd
Delegation Of Mgmt DutiesfalseDelegationOfMgmtDutiesInd
Change To Org DocumentsfalseChangeToOrgDocumentsInd
Material Diversion Or MisusefalseMaterialDiversionOrMisuseInd
Members Or StockholdersfalseMembersOrStockholdersInd
Election Of Board MembersfalseElectionOfBoardMembersInd
Decisions Subject To ApprovafalseDecisionsSubjectToApprovaInd
Minutes Of Governing BodyYes (true)MinutesOfGoverningBodyInd
Minutes Of CommitteesYes (true)MinutesOfCommitteesInd
Officer Mailing AddressfalseOfficerMailingAddressInd
Local ChaptersfalseLocalChaptersInd
Form990 Provided To Gvrn BodyYes (true)Form990ProvidedToGvrnBodyInd
Conflict Of Interest PolicyfalseConflictOfInterestPolicyInd
Whistleblower PolicyfalseWhistleblowerPolicyInd
Document Retention PolicyfalseDocumentRetentionPolicyInd
Compensation Process CEOfalseCompensationProcessCEOInd
Compensation Process OtherfalseCompensationProcessOtherInd
Investment In Joint VenturefalseInvestmentInJointVentureInd
States Where Copy Of Return Is FldILStatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
Upon RequestYes (X)UponRequestInd

Books In Care Of Detail BooksInCareOfDetail

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
PersonANNE REAMPersonNm
Phone3129860628PhoneNum

US Address USAddress

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Address Line1727 S DEARBORNAddressLine1Txt
CityCHICAGOCityNm
State AbbreviationILStateAbbreviationCd
ZIP60615ZIPCd

Form990 Part VII Section A Form990PartVIISectionAGrp (3 entries)

TitleTitleTxtAverage Hours Per WeekAverageHoursPerWeekRtIndividual Trustee Or DirectorIndividualTrusteeOrDirectorIndOfficerOfficerIndReportable Comp From OrgReportableCompFromOrgAmtReportable Comp From Rltd OrgReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmtOther CompensationOtherCompensationAmt
ANNE REAM
EXECUTIVE DI40.00Yes (X)Yes (X)$110,000$0$0
AIMEE NOFFSINGER
DIRECTOR10.00Yes (X)$0$0$0
CHRISTA DESIR
DIRECTOR10.00Yes (X)$0$0$0
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Reportable Comp From Org$110,000TotalReportableCompFromOrgAmt
Indiv Rcvd Greater Than100 K1IndivRcvdGreaterThan100KCnt
Former Ofcr Employees ListedfalseFormerOfcrEmployeesListedInd
Total Comp Greater Than150 KfalseTotalCompGreaterThan150KInd
Compensation From Other SrcsfalseCompensationFromOtherSrcsInd
Federated Campaigns$17,036FederatedCampaignsAmt
Government Grants$125,208GovernmentGrantsAmt
All Other Contributions$621,259AllOtherContributionsAmt
Noncash Contributions$330,000NoncashContributionsAmt
Total Contributions$763,503TotalContributionsAmt

Program Service Revenue ProgramServiceRevenueGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
DescWORKSHOPS & LECTURESDesc
Total Revenue Column$41,495TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Related Or Exempt Func Income$41,495RelatedOrExemptFuncIncomeAmt
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Program Service Revenue$41,495TotalProgramServiceRevenueAmt

Total Revenue TotalRevenueGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column$804,998TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Related Or Exempt Func Income$41,495RelatedOrExemptFuncIncomeAmt
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Info In Schedule O Part IXYes (X)InfoInScheduleOPartIXInd

Comp Current Ofcr Directors CompCurrentOfcrDirectorsGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$110,000TotalAmt
Program Services$88,000ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General$11,000ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising$11,000FundraisingAmt

Payroll Taxes PayrollTaxesGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$8,720TotalAmt
Program Services$6,976ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General$872ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising$872FundraisingAmt

Fees For Services Other FeesForServicesOtherGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$186,420TotalAmt
Program Services$162,206ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General$24,214ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Advertising AdvertisingGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$2,976TotalAmt
Program Services$2,232ProgramServicesAmt
Fundraising$744FundraisingAmt

Office Expenses OfficeExpensesGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$9,926TotalAmt
Program Services$2,328ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General$5,272ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising$2,326FundraisingAmt

Information Technology InformationTechnologyGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$581TotalAmt
Program Services$291ProgramServicesAmt
Fundraising$290FundraisingAmt

Occupancy OccupancyGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$7,891TotalAmt
Program Services$4,735ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General$1,578ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising$1,578FundraisingAmt

Travel TravelGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$32,544TotalAmt
Program Services$32,544ProgramServicesAmt

Insurance InsuranceGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$8,299TotalAmt
Program Services$8,299ProgramServicesAmt

Other Expenses OtherExpensesGrp (4 entries)

DescDescTotalTotalAmtProgram ServicesProgramServicesAmtManagement And GeneralManagementAndGeneralAmt
IN KIND EXPENSES$330,000$330,000
EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMMING$69,472$69,472
OUTSIDE CONSULTING$24,475$18,356$6,119
PROF. FEES$7,125$5,344$1,781

All Other Expenses AllOtherExpensesGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$5,167TotalAmt
Program Services$4,584ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General$583ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Total Functional Expenses TotalFunctionalExpensesGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$803,596TotalAmt
Program Services$735,367ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General$51,419ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising$16,810FundraisingAmt

Cash Non Interest Bearing CashNonInterestBearingGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$146,104BOYAmt
EOY$68,941EOYAmt

Accounts Receivable AccountsReceivableGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$53,089BOYAmt
EOY$113,930EOYAmt

Total Assets TotalAssetsGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$199,193BOYAmt
EOY$182,871EOYAmt

Accounts Payable Accr Expnss AccountsPayableAccrExpnssGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$28,221BOYAmt
EOY$10,497EOYAmt

Total Liabilities TotalLiabilitiesGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$28,221BOYAmt
EOY$10,497EOYAmt
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Organization Follows SFAS117Yes (X)OrganizationFollowsSFAS117Ind

Unrestricted Net Assets UnrestrictedNetAssetsGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$170,972BOYAmt
EOY$172,374EOYAmt

Total Net Assets Fund Balance TotalNetAssetsFundBalanceGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$170,972BOYAmt
EOY$172,374EOYAmt

Tot Liab Net Assets Fund Balance TotLiabNetAssetsFundBalanceGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$199,193BOYAmt
EOY$182,871EOYAmt
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Reconcilation Revenue Expnss$1,402ReconcilationRevenueExpnssAmt
Method Of Accounting AccrualYes (X)MethodOfAccountingAccrualInd
Accountant Compile Or ReviewfalseAccountantCompileOrReviewInd
FS AuditedfalseFSAuditedInd

Schedule A IRS990ScheduleA

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Publicly Supported Org509a2Yes (X)PubliclySupportedOrg509a2Ind

Gifts Grants Contris Rcvd509 GiftsGrantsContrisRcvd509Grp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Current Tax Year Minus4 Years$1,072,273CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus3 Years$345,410CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus2 Years$408,121CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus1 Year$1,155,459CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt
Current Tax Year$763,503CurrentTaxYearAmt
Total$3,744,766TotalAmt

Gross Receipts Admissions GrossReceiptsAdmissionsGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Current Tax Year Minus3 Years$38,300CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus2 Years$47,779CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus1 Year$17,130CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt
Current Tax Year$41,495CurrentTaxYearAmt
Total$144,704TotalAmt

Total509 Total509Grp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Current Tax Year Minus4 Years$1,072,273CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus3 Years$383,710CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus2 Years$455,900CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus1 Year$1,172,589CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt
Current Tax Year$804,998CurrentTaxYearAmt
Total$3,889,470TotalAmt
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Public Support Total509$3,889,470PublicSupportTotal509Amt

Total Support Calendar Year TotalSupportCalendarYearGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Current Tax Year Minus4 Years$1,072,273CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus3 Years$383,710CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus2 Years$455,900CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus1 Year$1,172,589CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt
Current Tax Year$804,998CurrentTaxYearAmt
Total$3,889,470TotalAmt
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Public Support CY5091.00000PublicSupportCY509Pct
Public Support PY5091.00000PublicSupportPY509Pct
Investment Income CY0.00000InvestmentIncomeCYPct
Investment Income PY0.00000InvestmentIncomePYPct
Thirty Thr Pct Suprt Tests CY509Yes (X)ThirtyThrPctSuprtTestsCY509Ind

Schedule B IRS990ScheduleB

Contributor Information ContributorInformationGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
ContributorRESTRICTEDContributorNum

Contributor Business Name ContributorBusinessName

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1RESTRICTEDBusinessNameLine1

Contributor US Address ContributorUSAddress

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Address Line1RESTRICTEDAddressLine1
Address Line2RESTRICTEDAddressLine2
CityRESTRICTEDCity
StateRESTRICTEDState
ZIP CodeRESTRICTEDZIPCode
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total ContributionsRESTRICTEDTotalContributionsAmt

Schedule D IRS990ScheduleD

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Rev Etc Audited Fincl Stmt$804,998TotalRevEtcAuditedFinclStmtAmt
Revenue Subtotal$804,998RevenueSubtotalAmt
Total Revenue Per Form990$804,998TotalRevenuePerForm990Amt
Tot Expns Etc Audited Fincl Stmt$803,596TotExpnsEtcAuditedFinclStmtAmt
Expenses Subtotal$803,596ExpensesSubtotalAmt
Total Expenses Per Form990$803,596TotalExpensesPerForm990Amt

Schedule M IRS990ScheduleM

Other Non Cash Contri Table OtherNonCashContriTableGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Non Cash CheckboxYes (X)NonCashCheckboxInd
DescMEDIA SERVICESDesc
Contribution6ContributionCnt
Noncash Contributions Rpt F990$330,000NoncashContributionsRptF990Amt
Method Of Determining RevenuesDONATED SERVICE VALUATIONMethodOfDeterminingRevenuesTxt
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Any Property That Must Be HeldfalseAnyPropertyThatMustBeHeldInd
Review Process Unusual NC GiftsfalseReviewProcessUnusualNCGiftsInd
Third Parties UsedfalseThirdPartiesUsedInd

Schedule O IRS990ScheduleO

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail (3 entries)

Form And Line ReferenceFormAndLineReferenceDescExplanationExplanationTxt
FORM 990, PAGE 6, PART VI, LINE 11BCOPIES OF THE ANNUAL 990 TAX RETURNS ARE ARE SUBMITTED TO THE BOARD FOR REVIEW AND APPROVAL
FORM 990, PAGE 6, PART VI, LINE 19DOCUMENTS MADE AVAILABLE UPON REQUEST
FORM 990, PART IX, LINE 11GCONTRACT LABOR 162,206 24,214 0

Comments

Anonymous: no account or email. Up to 2,000 characters, at most one link. Comments are checked automatically; some wait for review.