GLOBAL GIVE BACK CIRCLE: Form 990, tax year 2018

View the entire original 990 at ProPublica ↗

Organization
GLOBAL GIVE BACK CIRCLE (EIN 77-0708340)
Tax period
2018-01-01 to 2018-12-31
Filed
2019-10-13
IRS object ID
201932869349300308
Schema version
2018v3.1
Source
Download XML · Original 990 at ProPublica

Every field in the e-filed return. Faint text is the IRS element name, for citing.

Return header ReturnHeader

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Return2019-10-13T20:35:18-05:00ReturnTs
Tax Period End2018-12-31TaxPeriodEndDt

Preparer Firm PreparerFirmGrp

Preparer Firm Name PreparerFirmName

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1JOHN FALL CPABusinessNameLine1Txt

Preparer US Address PreparerUSAddress

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Address Line11600 HARRISON AVE STE 105AddressLine1Txt
CityMAMARONECKCityNm
State AbbreviationNYStateAbbreviationCd
ZIP105433149ZIPCd
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Return Type990ReturnTypeCd
Tax Period Begin2018-01-01TaxPeriodBeginDt

Filer Filer

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
EIN770708340EIN

Business Name BusinessName

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1GLOBAL GIVE BACK CIRCLEBusinessNameLine1Txt
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Business Name ControlGLOBBusinessNameControlTxt

US Address USAddress

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Address Line1400 EAST 59TH STREET STE 12BAddressLine1Txt
CityNEW YORKCityNm
State AbbreviationNYStateAbbreviationCd
ZIP10022ZIPCd

Business Officer BusinessOfficerGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
PersonROBERT HERTZKAPersonNm
Person TitleTREASURERPersonTitleTxt
Signature2019-09-02SignatureDt
Discuss With Paid PreparerYes (true)DiscussWithPaidPreparerInd

Preparer Person PreparerPersonGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Preparer PersonJOHN FALLPreparerPersonNm
PTINP00642210PTIN
Phone9148302745PhoneNum
Preparation2019-10-13PreparationDt
Self EmployedYes (X)SelfEmployedInd

Filing Security Information FilingSecurityInformation

IP Address IPAddress

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
I Pv4 Address67.80.10.9IPv4AddressTxt
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
IP2019-10-13IPDt
IP Tm20:35:18IPTm
IP TimezoneCDIPTimezoneCd
Filing License TypePFilingLicenseTypeCd
At Submission Creation Device IdB092C1AE3ABB2D57721963225A1B315F299BD155AtSubmissionCreationDeviceId
At Submission Filing Device IdB092C1AE3ABB2D57721963225A1B315F299BD155AtSubmissionFilingDeviceId
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Tax2018TaxYr
Build TS2020-03-31 21:24:44ZBuildTS

Form 990 IRS990

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Principal OfficerROBERT HERTZKAPrincipalOfficerNm
Gross Receipts$531,010GrossReceiptsAmt
Group Return For AffiliatesfalseGroupReturnForAffiliatesInd
Organization501c3Yes (X)Organization501c3Ind
Website AddressWWW.GLOBALGIVEBACKCIRCLE.ORGWebsiteAddressTxt
Type Of Organization CorpYes (X)TypeOfOrganizationCorpInd
Activity Or MissionTHE GLOBAL GIVE BACK CIRCLE OBJECTIVE IS TO EMPOWER AND EDUCATE THE WORLD'S DISAVANTAGE ADOLESCENT GIRLS, SO THEY GAIN EMPLOYABLE SKILLS AND BECOME CONTRIBUTING MEMEBERS OF SOCIETY.ActivityOrMissionDesc
Voting Members Governing Body5VotingMembersGoverningBodyCnt
Voting Members Independent3VotingMembersIndependentCnt
Total Employee0TotalEmployeeCnt
Total Gross UBI$0TotalGrossUBIAmt
PY Contributions Grants$731,645PYContributionsGrantsAmt
CY Contributions Grants$531,010CYContributionsGrantsAmt
CY Program Service Revenue$0CYProgramServiceRevenueAmt
CY Investment Income$0CYInvestmentIncomeAmt
CY Other Revenue$0CYOtherRevenueAmt
PY Total Revenue$731,645PYTotalRevenueAmt
CY Total Revenue$531,010CYTotalRevenueAmt
PY Grants And Similar Paid$402,632PYGrantsAndSimilarPaidAmt
CY Grants And Similar Paid$317,211CYGrantsAndSimilarPaidAmt
CY Benefits Paid To Members$0CYBenefitsPaidToMembersAmt
CY Salaries Comp Emp Bnft Paid$0CYSalariesCompEmpBnftPaidAmt
CY Total Prof Fndrsng Expns$0CYTotalProfFndrsngExpnsAmt
CY Total Fundraising Expense$0CYTotalFundraisingExpenseAmt
PY Other Expenses$264,003PYOtherExpensesAmt
CY Other Expenses$237,929CYOtherExpensesAmt
PY Total Expenses$666,635PYTotalExpensesAmt
CY Total Expenses$555,140CYTotalExpensesAmt
PY Revenues Less Expenses$65,010PYRevenuesLessExpensesAmt
CY Revenues Less Expenses-$24,130CYRevenuesLessExpensesAmt
Total Assets BOY$531,573TotalAssetsBOYAmt
Total Assets EOY$507,443TotalAssetsEOYAmt
Total Liabilities EOY$0TotalLiabilitiesEOYAmt
Net Assets Or Fund Balances BOY$531,573NetAssetsOrFundBalancesBOYAmt
Net Assets Or Fund Balances EOY$507,443NetAssetsOrFundBalancesEOYAmt
Info In Schedule O Part IIIYes (X)InfoInScheduleOPartIIIInd
MissionTHE GLOBAL GIVE BACK CIRCLE OBJECTIVE IS TO HELP EDUCATE THE WORLD'S DISAVANTAGE ADOLESCENT GIRLS, SO THEY CAN GAIN EMPLOYABLE SKILLS AND BECOME CONTRIBUTING MEMBERS OF SOCIETY.MissionDesc
Significant New Program SrvcfalseSignificantNewProgramSrvcInd
Significant ChangefalseSignificantChangeInd
DescGLOBAL GIVE BACK CIRCLE PROVIDED FUNDING IN SUPPORT OF THE KENYAN COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT FUND. THIS CHARITY BASED IN KENYA ENROLLS YOUNG WOMEN IN ITS VARIOUS MENTORING PROGRAMS AND GGBC IS NOT DIRECTLY INVOLVED IN THIS PROCESS. THE PROGRAM HELPED PARTICIPANTS OBTAIN THEIR HIGH SCHOOL EDUCTION OR VOCATIONAL SKILLS NECESSARY TO BE A PRODUCTIVE MEMBERS OF THEIR COMMUNITY.Desc

Prog Srvc Accom Acty2 ProgSrvcAccomActy2Grp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
DescEXPENSION IN RWANDA AND INDIA IS ONGOING.Desc

Prog Srvc Accom Acty Other ProgSrvcAccomActyOtherGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Expense$555,140ExpenseAmt
Grant$317,211GrantAmt
DescGLOBAL GIVE BACK CIRCLE PROVIDED FUNDING IN SUPPORT OF THE KENYAN COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT FUND. THIS CHARITY BASED IN KENYA ENROLLS YOUNG WOMEN IN ITS VARIOUS MENTORING PROGRAMS AND GGBC IS NOT DIRECTLY INVOLVED IN THIS PROCESS. THERE ARE THESE DAYS ALMOST 700 GIRLS. THE PROGRAM HELPED PARTICIPANTS OBTAIN THEIR HIGH SCHOOL EDUCTION OR VOCATIONAL SKILLS NECESSARY TO BE A PRODUCTIVE MEMBERS OF THEIR COMMUNITY.Desc
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Other Prog Srvc Expense$555,140TotalOtherProgSrvcExpenseAmt
Total Other Prog Srvc Grant$317,211TotalOtherProgSrvcGrantAmt
Total Program Service Expenses$555,140TotalProgramServiceExpensesAmt
Described In Section501c3Yes (true)DescribedInSection501c3Ind
Schedule B RequiredYes (true)ScheduleBRequiredInd
Political Campaign ActyfalsePoliticalCampaignActyInd
Lobbying ActivitiesfalseLobbyingActivitiesInd
Subject To Proxy TaxfalseSubjectToProxyTaxInd
Donor Advised FundfalseDonorAdvisedFundInd
Conservation EasementsfalseConservationEasementsInd
Collections Of ArtfalseCollectionsOfArtInd
Credit CounselingfalseCreditCounselingInd
Temp Or Permanent EndowmentsfalseTempOrPermanentEndowmentsInd
Report Land Building EquipmentfalseReportLandBuildingEquipmentInd
Report Investments Other SecfalseReportInvestmentsOtherSecInd
Report Program Related InvstfalseReportProgramRelatedInvstInd
Report Other AssetsfalseReportOtherAssetsInd
Report Other LiabilitiesfalseReportOtherLiabilitiesInd
Include FIN48 FootnotefalseIncludeFIN48FootnoteInd
Independent Audit Fincl StmtfalseIndependentAuditFinclStmtInd
Consolidated Audit Fincl StmtfalseConsolidatedAuditFinclStmtInd
School OperatingfalseSchoolOperatingInd
Foreign OfficefalseForeignOfficeInd
Foreign ActivitiesfalseForeignActivitiesInd
More Than5000 K To OrgYes (true)MoreThan5000KToOrgInd
More Than5000 K To IndividualsfalseMoreThan5000KToIndividualsInd
Professional FundraisingfalseProfessionalFundraisingInd
Fundraising ActivitiesfalseFundraisingActivitiesInd
Gaming ActivitiesfalseGamingActivitiesInd
Operate HospitalfalseOperateHospitalInd
Grants To OrganizationsfalseGrantsToOrganizationsInd
Grants To IndividualsfalseGrantsToIndividualsInd
Schedule J RequiredfalseScheduleJRequiredInd
Tax Exempt BondsfalseTaxExemptBondsInd
Engaged In Excess Benefit TransfalseEngagedInExcessBenefitTransInd
PY Excess Benefit TransfalsePYExcessBenefitTransInd
Loan OutstandingfalseLoanOutstandingInd
Grant To Related PersonfalseGrantToRelatedPersonInd
Business Rln With Org MemYes (true)BusinessRlnWithOrgMemInd
Business Rln With Fam MemfalseBusinessRlnWithFamMemInd
Business Rln With Officer EntYes (true)BusinessRlnWithOfficerEntInd
Deductible Non Cash ContrifalseDeductibleNonCashContriInd
Deductible Art ContributionfalseDeductibleArtContributionInd
Terminate OperationsfalseTerminateOperationsInd
Partial LiquidationfalsePartialLiquidationInd
Disregarded EntityfalseDisregardedEntityInd
Related EntityfalseRelatedEntityInd
Related Organization Ctrl EntfalseRelatedOrganizationCtrlEntInd
Trnsfr Exmpt Non Chrtbl Rltd OrgfalseTrnsfrExmptNonChrtblRltdOrgInd
Activities Conducted PrtshpfalseActivitiesConductedPrtshpInd
Schedule O RequiredfalseScheduleORequiredInd
IRP Document0IRPDocumentCnt
IRP Document W2 G0IRPDocumentW2GCnt
Backup Wthld CompliancefalseBackupWthldComplianceInd
Employee0EmployeeCnt
Unrelated Bus Incm Over LimitfalseUnrelatedBusIncmOverLimitInd
Foreign Financial AccountfalseForeignFinancialAccountInd
Prohibited Tax Shelter TransfalseProhibitedTaxShelterTransInd
Taxable Party NotificationfalseTaxablePartyNotificationInd
Nondeductible ContributionsfalseNondeductibleContributionsInd
Quid Pro Quo ContributionsfalseQuidProQuoContributionsInd
Form8282 Property Disposed OffalseForm8282PropertyDisposedOfInd
Rcv Fnds To Pay Prsnl Bnft CntrctfalseRcvFndsToPayPrsnlBnftCntrctInd
Pay Premiums Prsnl Bnft CntrctfalsePayPremiumsPrsnlBnftCntrctInd
Form8899 FiledindfalseForm8899Filedind
Form1098 C FiledfalseForm1098CFiledInd
Indoor Tanning ServicesfalseIndoorTanningServicesInd
Subj To Tax Rmnrtn Ex Prcht PymtfalseSubjToTaxRmnrtnExPrchtPymtInd
Subject To Excs Tax Net Invst IncfalseSubjectToExcsTaxNetInvstIncInd
Info In Schedule O Part VIYes (X)InfoInScheduleOPartVIInd
Governing Body Voting Members5GoverningBodyVotingMembersCnt
Independent Voting Member3IndependentVotingMemberCnt
Family Or Business RlnfalseFamilyOrBusinessRlnInd
Delegation Of Mgmt DutiesfalseDelegationOfMgmtDutiesInd
Change To Org DocumentsfalseChangeToOrgDocumentsInd
Material Diversion Or MisusefalseMaterialDiversionOrMisuseInd
Members Or StockholdersfalseMembersOrStockholdersInd
Election Of Board MembersfalseElectionOfBoardMembersInd
Decisions Subject To ApprovafalseDecisionsSubjectToApprovaInd
Minutes Of Governing BodyYes (true)MinutesOfGoverningBodyInd
Minutes Of CommitteesYes (true)MinutesOfCommitteesInd
Officer Mailing AddressfalseOfficerMailingAddressInd
Local ChaptersfalseLocalChaptersInd
Form990 Provided To Gvrn BodyfalseForm990ProvidedToGvrnBodyInd
Conflict Of Interest PolicyYes (true)ConflictOfInterestPolicyInd
Annual Disclosure Covered PrsnfalseAnnualDisclosureCoveredPrsnInd
Regular Monitoring EnfrcYes (true)RegularMonitoringEnfrcInd
Whistleblower PolicyfalseWhistleblowerPolicyInd
Document Retention PolicyfalseDocumentRetentionPolicyInd
Compensation Process CEOYes (true)CompensationProcessCEOInd
Compensation Process OtherfalseCompensationProcessOtherInd
Investment In Joint VenturefalseInvestmentInJointVentureInd
States Where Copy Of Return Is FldNYStatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
Upon RequestYes (X)UponRequestInd

Books In Care Of Detail BooksInCareOfDetail

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
PersonROBERT HERTZKAPersonNm
Phone2127446586PhoneNum

US Address USAddress

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Address Line1400 E 59TH STREETAddressLine1Txt
CityNEW YORKCityNm
State AbbreviationNYStateAbbreviationCd
ZIP10022ZIPCd
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
No Listed Persons CompensatedYes (X)NoListedPersonsCompensatedInd

Form990 Part VII Section A Form990PartVIISectionAGrp (2 entries)

TitleTitleTxtIndividual Trustee Or DirectorIndividualTrusteeOrDirectorIndOfficerOfficerIndReportable Comp From OrgReportableCompFromOrgAmtReportable Comp From Rltd OrgReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmtOther CompensationOtherCompensationAmt
LINDA LOCKHART
DIRECTOR & PYes (X)Yes (X)$0$0$0
ROBERT HERTZKA
TREASURERYes (X)Yes (X)$0$0$0
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Former Ofcr Employees ListedfalseFormerOfcrEmployeesListedInd
Total Comp Greater Than150 KfalseTotalCompGreaterThan150KInd
Compensation From Other SrcsfalseCompensationFromOtherSrcsInd
All Other Contributions$531,010AllOtherContributionsAmt
Total Contributions$531,010TotalContributionsAmt

Total Revenue TotalRevenueGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column$531,010TotalRevenueColumnAmt
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Info In Schedule O Part IXYes (X)InfoInScheduleOPartIXInd

Foreign Grants ForeignGrantsGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$317,211TotalAmt
Program Services$317,211ProgramServicesAmt

Fees For Services Accounting FeesForServicesAccountingGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$27,340TotalAmt
Program Services$27,340ProgramServicesAmt

Fees For Services Other FeesForServicesOtherGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$210,589TotalAmt
Program Services$210,589ProgramServicesAmt

Total Functional Expenses TotalFunctionalExpensesGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$555,140TotalAmt
Program Services$555,140ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General$0ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising$0FundraisingAmt

Cash Non Interest Bearing CashNonInterestBearingGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$531,573BOYAmt
EOY$507,443EOYAmt

Total Assets TotalAssetsGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$531,573BOYAmt
EOY$507,443EOYAmt

Total Liabilities TotalLiabilitiesGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$0BOYAmt
EOY$0EOYAmt
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Organization Follows SFAS117Yes (X)OrganizationFollowsSFAS117Ind

Unrestricted Net Assets UnrestrictedNetAssetsGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$531,573BOYAmt
EOY$507,443EOYAmt

Total Net Assets Fund Balance TotalNetAssetsFundBalanceGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$531,573BOYAmt
EOY$507,443EOYAmt

Tot Liab Net Assets Fund Balance TotLiabNetAssetsFundBalanceGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$531,573BOYAmt
EOY$507,443EOYAmt
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Reconcilation Revenue Expnss-$24,130ReconcilationRevenueExpnssAmt
Method Of Accounting AccrualYes (X)MethodOfAccountingAccrualInd
Accountant Compile Or ReviewfalseAccountantCompileOrReviewInd
FS AuditedfalseFSAuditedInd

Schedule A IRS990ScheduleA

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Public Organization170Yes (X)PublicOrganization170Ind

Gifts Grants Contri Rcvd170 GiftsGrantsContriRcvd170Grp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Current Tax Year Minus4 Years$412,466CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus3 Years$605,612CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus2 Years$755,023CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus1 Year$731,645CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt
Current Tax Year$531,010CurrentTaxYearAmt
Total$3,035,756TotalAmt

Total Calendar Year170 TotalCalendarYear170Grp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Current Tax Year Minus4 Years$412,466CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus3 Years$605,612CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus2 Years$755,023CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus1 Year$731,645CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt
Current Tax Year$531,010CurrentTaxYearAmt
Total$3,035,756TotalAmt
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Substantial Contributors Tot$920,970SubstantialContributorsTotAmt
Public Support Total170$2,114,786PublicSupportTotal170Amt
Total Support$3,035,756TotalSupportAmt
Public Support CY1700.69660PublicSupportCY170Pct
Public Support PY1700.81380PublicSupportPY170Pct
Thirty Thr Pct Suprt Tests CY170Yes (X)ThirtyThrPctSuprtTestsCY170Ind

Schedule B IRS990ScheduleB

Contributor Information ContributorInformationGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
ContributorRESTRICTEDContributorNum

Contributor Business Name ContributorBusinessName

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1RESTRICTEDBusinessNameLine1

Contributor US Address ContributorUSAddress

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Address Line1RESTRICTEDAddressLine1
Address Line2RESTRICTEDAddressLine2
CityRESTRICTEDCity
StateRESTRICTEDState
ZIP CodeRESTRICTEDZIPCode
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total ContributionsRESTRICTEDTotalContributionsAmt

Schedule F IRS990ScheduleF

Grants To Org Outside US GrantsToOrgOutsideUSGrp (3 entries)

RegionRegionTxtPurpose Of GrantPurposeOfGrantTxtCash GrantCashGrantAmtManner Of Cash DisbursementMannerOfCashDisbursementTxt
KENYAMENTORING PROGRAM$60,000WIRE TRANSFER
KENYAMENTORING$246,413WIRE TRANSFER
KENYAMENTORING$7,680WIRE TRANSFER
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Transfer To Foreign CorpfalseTransferToForeignCorpInd
Interest In Foreign TrustfalseInterestInForeignTrustInd
Foreign Corp OwnershipfalseForeignCorpOwnershipInd
Passive Foreign Investmest CofalsePassiveForeignInvestmestCoInd
Foreign PartnershipfalseForeignPartnershipInd
Boycott CountriesfalseBoycottCountriesInd

Schedule L IRS990ScheduleL

Bus Tr Involve Interested Prsn BusTrInvolveInterestedPrsnGrp

Name Of Interested NameOfInterested

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
PersonLOCKHART GROUPPersonNm
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Relationship DescriptionSUPPORTRelationshipDescriptionTxt
TransactionCONSULTINGTransactionDesc
Sharing Of RevenuesfalseSharingOfRevenuesInd

Schedule O IRS990ScheduleO

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail (6 entries)

Form And Line ReferenceFormAndLineReferenceDescExplanationExplanationTxt
FORM 990, PAGE 2, PART III, LINE 4DGLOBAL GIVE BACK CIRCLE PROVIDED FUNDING IN SUPPORT OF THE KENYAN COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT FUND. THIS CHARITY BASED IN KENYA ENROLLS YOUNG WOMEN IN ITS VARIOUS MENTORING PROGRAMS AND GGBC IS NOT DIRECTLY INVOLVED IN THIS PROCESS. THERE ARE THESE DAYS ALMOST 700 GIRLS. THE PROGRAM HELPED PARTICIPANTS OBTAIN THEIR HIGH SCHOOL EDUCTION OR VOCATIONAL SKILLS NECESSARY TO BE A PRODUCTIVE MEMBERS OF THEIR COMMUNITY.
FORM 990, PAGE 6, PART VI, LINE 11BGGBC PROVIDES COPIES OF THE ANNUAL FORM 990 TO ITS BOARD UPON REQUEST.
FORM 990, PAGE 6, PART VI, LINE 12CGGBC MONITORS ITS CONFLICTS OF INTEREST POLICY BY REVIEWING ANY MATTERS BROUGHT TO THE ATTENTION OF ITS PRESIDENTS AT THE BOARD MEETING.
FORM 990, PAGE 6, PART VI, LINE 15AGGBC HAS CONTRACTUAL AGREEMENTS WITH KCDF WGICH PROVIDES FUNDING TO GGBC TO OFFSET ITS PAYMENTS TO LOCKART CONSULTING. LOCKART CONSULTING GROUP IN TURN EMPLOYS ASSISTANTS IN KENYA AND PAYS LINDA LOCKART A CONSULTING FEE FOR HER ONGOING MANAGEMENT SERVICES PROVIDED TO KCDF.
FORM 990, PAGE 6, PART VI, LINE 19NO DOCUMENTS AVAILABLE TO THE PUBLIC
FORM 990, PART IX, LINE 11GCONSULTING FEES 198,470 0 0 OFFICE AND OPRATION EXPENSES 12,119 0 0 TOTAL 210,589 0 0

Comments

Anonymous: no account or email. Up to 2,000 characters, at most one link. Comments are checked automatically; some wait for review.