TOSTAN INC: Form 990, tax year 2020

View the entire original 990 at ProPublica ↗

Organization: TOSTAN INC (EIN 98-0118876)
Tax period: 2020-01-01 to 2020-12-31
Filed: 2021-11-30
IRS object ID: 202123349349301462
Schema version: 2020v4.1
Source: Download XML · Original 990 at ProPublica

Every field in the e-filed return. Faint text is the IRS element name, for citing.

Return header
Form 990
Schedule A
Schedule B
Schedule D
Schedule E
Schedule F
Schedule G
Schedule J
Schedule M
Schedule O

Return header ReturnHeader

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Return	2021-11-30T18:25:07-06:00	ReturnTs
Tax Period End	2020-12-31	TaxPeriodEndDt

Preparer Firm PreparerFirmGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Preparer Firm EIN	521392008	PreparerFirmEIN

Preparer Firm Name PreparerFirmName

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1	GELMAN ROSENBERG & FREEDMAN	BusinessNameLine1Txt

Preparer US Address PreparerUSAddress

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Address Line1	4550 MONTGOMERY AVE SUITE 800N	AddressLine1Txt
City	BETHESDA	CityNm
State Abbreviation	MD	StateAbbreviationCd
ZIP	208142930	ZIPCd

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Return Type	990	ReturnTypeCd
Tax Period Begin	2020-01-01	TaxPeriodBeginDt

Filer Filer

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
EIN	980118876	EIN

Business Name BusinessName

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1	TOSTAN INC	BusinessNameLine1Txt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Business Name Control	TOST	BusinessNameControlTxt
Phone	2025053925	PhoneNum

US Address USAddress

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Address Line1	1199 N FAIRFAX ST NO 300	AddressLine1Txt
City	ALEXANDRIA	CityNm
State Abbreviation	VA	StateAbbreviationCd
ZIP	22314	ZIPCd

Business Officer BusinessOfficerGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Person	ELENA BONOMETTI	PersonNm
Person Title	CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER	PersonTitleTxt
Phone	2025053925	PhoneNum
Signature	2021-11-30	SignatureDt
Discuss With Paid Preparer	Yes (1)	DiscussWithPaidPreparerInd

Signing Officer SigningOfficerGrp

Person Full Name PersonFullName

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Person First	ELENA	PersonFirstNm
Person Last	BONOMETTI	PersonLastNm

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
SSN	999009999	SSN

Preparer Person PreparerPersonGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Preparer Person	RICHARD J LOCASTRO CPA	PreparerPersonNm
PTIN	P00288314	PTIN
Phone	3019519090	PhoneNum

Additional Filer Information AdditionalFilerInformation

Trusted Customer TrustedCustomerGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Trusted Customer	2	TrustedCustomerCd
Authentication Assurance Level	AAL1	AuthenticationAssuranceLevelCd
Identity Assurance Level	IAL1	IdentityAssuranceLevelCd

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Tax	2020	TaxYr
Build TS	2022-09-23 18:48:47Z	BuildTS

Form 990 IRS990

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Address Change	Yes (X)	AddressChangeInd
Amended Return	Yes (X)	AmendedReturnInd
Principal Officer	ELENA BONOMETTI	PrincipalOfficerNm

US Address USAddress

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Address Line1	1199 N FAIRFAX ST NO 300	AddressLine1Txt
City	ALEXANDRIA	CityNm
State Abbreviation	VA	StateAbbreviationCd
ZIP	22314	ZIPCd

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Gross Receipts	$9,647,851	GrossReceiptsAmt
Group Return For Affiliates	0	GroupReturnForAffiliatesInd
Organization501c3	Yes (X)	Organization501c3Ind
Website Address	WWW.TOSTAN.ORG	WebsiteAddressTxt
Type Of Organization Corp	Yes (X)	TypeOfOrganizationCorpInd
Formation	1991	FormationYr
Legal Domicile State	DE	LegalDomicileStateCd
Activity Or Mission	SEE PART III, LINE 1.	ActivityOrMissionDesc
Voting Members Governing Body	9	VotingMembersGoverningBodyCnt
Voting Members Independent	8	VotingMembersIndependentCnt
Total Employee	5	TotalEmployeeCnt
Total Volunteers	12	TotalVolunteersCnt
Total Gross UBI	$0	TotalGrossUBIAmt
Net Unrelated Bus Txbl Incm	$0	NetUnrelatedBusTxblIncmAmt
PY Contributions Grants	$6,974,190	PYContributionsGrantsAmt
CY Contributions Grants	$8,518,561	CYContributionsGrantsAmt
PY Program Service Revenue	$0	PYProgramServiceRevenueAmt
CY Program Service Revenue	$0	CYProgramServiceRevenueAmt
PY Investment Income	$1,022	PYInvestmentIncomeAmt
CY Investment Income	-$121,804	CYInvestmentIncomeAmt
PY Other Revenue	$323,532	PYOtherRevenueAmt
CY Other Revenue	$26,953	CYOtherRevenueAmt
PY Total Revenue	$7,298,744	PYTotalRevenueAmt
CY Total Revenue	$8,423,710	CYTotalRevenueAmt
PY Grants And Similar Paid	$162,001	PYGrantsAndSimilarPaidAmt
CY Grants And Similar Paid	$181,479	CYGrantsAndSimilarPaidAmt
PY Benefits Paid To Members	$0	PYBenefitsPaidToMembersAmt
CY Benefits Paid To Members	$0	CYBenefitsPaidToMembersAmt
PY Salaries Comp Emp Bnft Paid	$3,451,000	PYSalariesCompEmpBnftPaidAmt
CY Salaries Comp Emp Bnft Paid	$4,077,536	CYSalariesCompEmpBnftPaidAmt
PY Total Prof Fndrsng Expns	$78,108	PYTotalProfFndrsngExpnsAmt
CY Total Prof Fndrsng Expns	$48,778	CYTotalProfFndrsngExpnsAmt
CY Total Fundraising Expense	$748,658	CYTotalFundraisingExpenseAmt
PY Other Expenses	$4,157,970	PYOtherExpensesAmt
CY Other Expenses	$2,794,502	CYOtherExpensesAmt
PY Total Expenses	$7,849,079	PYTotalExpensesAmt
CY Total Expenses	$7,102,295	CYTotalExpensesAmt
PY Revenues Less Expenses	-$550,335	PYRevenuesLessExpensesAmt
CY Revenues Less Expenses	$1,321,415	CYRevenuesLessExpensesAmt
Total Assets BOY	$3,874,436	TotalAssetsBOYAmt
Total Assets EOY	$5,253,773	TotalAssetsEOYAmt
Total Liabilities BOY	$301,442	TotalLiabilitiesBOYAmt
Total Liabilities EOY	$215,538	TotalLiabilitiesEOYAmt
Net Assets Or Fund Balances BOY	$3,572,994	NetAssetsOrFundBalancesBOYAmt
Net Assets Or Fund Balances EOY	$5,038,235	NetAssetsOrFundBalancesEOYAmt
Info In Schedule O Part III	Yes (X)	InfoInScheduleOPartIIIInd
Mission	TOSTAN EMPOWERS COMMUNITIES TO DEVELOP AND ACHIEVE THEIR VISION FOR THE FUTURE AND INSPIRES LARGE-SCALE MOVEMENTS LEADING TO DIGNITY FOR ALL.	MissionDesc
Significant New Program Srvc	0	SignificantNewProgramSrvcInd
Significant Change	0	SignificantChangeInd
Expense	$5,421,003	ExpenseAmt
Grant	$181,479	GrantAmt
Revenue	$21,701	RevenueAmt
Desc	IN SEEKING TO SCALE COMMUNITY WELL-BEING, TOSTAN IS FOLLOWING THREE SCALING PATHWAYS AND RELATED PROGRAM SERVICES: DIRECT IMPLEMENTATION OF PROGRAMS, TRAINING AND REPLICATION IN PARTNERSHIP WITH OTHER ORGANIZATIONS, AND GLOBAL INFLUENCE. A. DIRECT IMPLEMENTATION IN RELATION TO ITS DIRECT IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAMS, IN 2020, TOSTAN OPERATED IN 5 COUNTRIES AND HAD THE FOLLOWING REACH THROUGH ITS MAJOR PROGRAM, THE COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT PROGRAM: (CONTINUED ON SCHEDULE O)	Desc
Total Program Service Expenses	$5,421,003	TotalProgramServiceExpensesAmt
Described In Section501c3	Yes (1)	DescribedInSection501c3Ind
Schedule B Required	Yes (1)	ScheduleBRequiredInd
Political Campaign Acty	0	PoliticalCampaignActyInd
Lobbying Activities	0	LobbyingActivitiesInd
Subject To Proxy Tax	0	SubjectToProxyTaxInd
Donor Advised Fund	0	DonorAdvisedFundInd
Conservation Easements	0	ConservationEasementsInd
Collections Of Art	0	CollectionsOfArtInd
Credit Counseling	0	CreditCounselingInd
Donor Rstr Or Quasi Endowments	0	DonorRstrOrQuasiEndowmentsInd
Report Land Building Equipment	Yes (1)	ReportLandBuildingEquipmentInd
Report Investments Other Sec	0	ReportInvestmentsOtherSecInd
Report Program Related Invst	0	ReportProgramRelatedInvstInd
Report Other Assets	0	ReportOtherAssetsInd
Report Other Liabilities	0	ReportOtherLiabilitiesInd
Include FIN48 Footnote	Yes (1)	IncludeFIN48FootnoteInd
Independent Audit Fincl Stmt	Yes (1)	IndependentAuditFinclStmtInd
Consolidated Audit Fincl Stmt	0	ConsolidatedAuditFinclStmtInd
School Operating	Yes (1)	SchoolOperatingInd
Foreign Office	Yes (1)	ForeignOfficeInd
Foreign Activities	Yes (1)	ForeignActivitiesInd
More Than5000 K To Org	Yes (1)	MoreThan5000KToOrgInd
More Than5000 K To Individuals	0	MoreThan5000KToIndividualsInd
Professional Fundraising	Yes (1)	ProfessionalFundraisingInd
Fundraising Activities	0	FundraisingActivitiesInd
Gaming Activities	0	GamingActivitiesInd
Operate Hospital	0	OperateHospitalInd
Grants To Organizations	0	GrantsToOrganizationsInd
Grants To Individuals	0	GrantsToIndividualsInd
Schedule J Required	Yes (1)	ScheduleJRequiredInd
Tax Exempt Bonds	0	TaxExemptBondsInd
Engaged In Excess Benefit Trans	0	EngagedInExcessBenefitTransInd
PY Excess Benefit Trans	0	PYExcessBenefitTransInd
Loan Outstanding	0	LoanOutstandingInd
Grant To Related Person	0	GrantToRelatedPersonInd
Business Rln With Org Mem	0	BusinessRlnWithOrgMemInd
Business Rln With Fam Mem	0	BusinessRlnWithFamMemInd
Business Rln With35 Ctrl Ent	0	BusinessRlnWith35CtrlEntInd
Deductible Non Cash Contri	Yes (1)	DeductibleNonCashContriInd
Deductible Art Contribution	0	DeductibleArtContributionInd
Terminate Operations	0	TerminateOperationsInd
Partial Liquidation	0	PartialLiquidationInd
Disregarded Entity	0	DisregardedEntityInd
Related Entity	0	RelatedEntityInd
Related Organization Ctrl Ent	0	RelatedOrganizationCtrlEntInd
Trnsfr Exmpt Non Chrtbl Rltd Org	0	TrnsfrExmptNonChrtblRltdOrgInd
Activities Conducted Prtshp	0	ActivitiesConductedPrtshpInd
Schedule O Required	Yes (1)	ScheduleORequiredInd
Info In Schedule O Part V	Yes (X)	InfoInScheduleOPartVInd
IRP Document	1	IRPDocumentCnt
IRP Document W2 G	0	IRPDocumentW2GCnt
Backup Wthld Compliance	Yes (1)	BackupWthldComplianceInd
Employee	5	EmployeeCnt
Employment Tax Returns Filed	Yes (1)	EmploymentTaxReturnsFiledInd
Unrelated Bus Incm Over Limit	0	UnrelatedBusIncmOverLimitInd
Foreign Financial Account	Yes (1)	ForeignFinancialAccountInd
Foreign Country	ML	ForeignCountryCd
Foreign Country	GV	ForeignCountryCd
Foreign Country	PU	ForeignCountryCd
Foreign Country	SG	ForeignCountryCd
Foreign Country	GA	ForeignCountryCd
Prohibited Tax Shelter Trans	0	ProhibitedTaxShelterTransInd
Taxable Party Notification	0	TaxablePartyNotificationInd
Nondeductible Contributions	0	NondeductibleContributionsInd
Quid Pro Quo Contributions	0	QuidProQuoContributionsInd
Form8282 Property Disposed Of	0	Form8282PropertyDisposedOfInd
Rcv Fnds To Pay Prsnl Bnft Cntrct	0	RcvFndsToPayPrsnlBnftCntrctInd
Pay Premiums Prsnl Bnft Cntrct	0	PayPremiumsPrsnlBnftCntrctInd
Indoor Tanning Services	0	IndoorTanningServicesInd
Subj To Tax Rmnrtn Ex Prcht Pymt	0	SubjToTaxRmnrtnExPrchtPymtInd
Subject To Excs Tax Net Invst Inc	0	SubjectToExcsTaxNetInvstIncInd
Info In Schedule O Part VI	Yes (X)	InfoInScheduleOPartVIInd
Governing Body Voting Members	9	GoverningBodyVotingMembersCnt
Independent Voting Member	8	IndependentVotingMemberCnt
Family Or Business Rln	0	FamilyOrBusinessRlnInd
Delegation Of Mgmt Duties	0	DelegationOfMgmtDutiesInd
Change To Org Documents	0	ChangeToOrgDocumentsInd
Material Diversion Or Misuse	0	MaterialDiversionOrMisuseInd
Members Or Stockholders	0	MembersOrStockholdersInd
Election Of Board Members	0	ElectionOfBoardMembersInd
Decisions Subject To Approva	0	DecisionsSubjectToApprovaInd
Minutes Of Governing Body	Yes (1)	MinutesOfGoverningBodyInd
Minutes Of Committees	Yes (1)	MinutesOfCommitteesInd
Officer Mailing Address	0	OfficerMailingAddressInd
Local Chapters	0	LocalChaptersInd
Form990 Provided To Gvrn Body	Yes (1)	Form990ProvidedToGvrnBodyInd
Conflict Of Interest Policy	Yes (1)	ConflictOfInterestPolicyInd
Annual Disclosure Covered Prsn	Yes (1)	AnnualDisclosureCoveredPrsnInd
Regular Monitoring Enfrc	Yes (1)	RegularMonitoringEnfrcInd
Whistleblower Policy	Yes (1)	WhistleblowerPolicyInd
Document Retention Policy	Yes (1)	DocumentRetentionPolicyInd
Compensation Process CEO	Yes (1)	CompensationProcessCEOInd
Compensation Process Other	Yes (1)	CompensationProcessOtherInd
Investment In Joint Venture	0	InvestmentInJointVentureInd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	AL	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	CA	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	FL	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	GA	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	IL	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	MD	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	MA	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	NJ	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	NM	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	NY	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	NC	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	PA	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	TN	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	UT	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	VA	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
Own Website	Yes (X)	OwnWebsiteInd
Upon Request	Yes (X)	UponRequestInd

Books In Care Of Detail BooksInCareOfDetail

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Person	MALICK TOUNKARA	PersonNm
Phone	2025053925	PhoneNum

Foreign Address ForeignAddress

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Address Line1	5 CITE AELMAS OUEST FOIRE EN FACE	AddressLine1Txt
City	DAKARYOFF	CityNm
Country	SG	CountryCd

Form990 Part VII Section A Form990PartVIISectionAGrp (11 entries)

TitleTitleTxt	Average Hours Per WeekAverageHoursPerWeekRt	Individual Trustee Or DirectorIndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd	Reportable Comp From OrgReportableCompFromOrgAmt	Reportable Comp From Rltd OrgReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt	Other CompensationOtherCompensationAmt	OfficerOfficerInd
MOLLY MELCHING
FOUNDER	40.00	Yes (X)	$91,200	$0	$9,857
KELLY BAXTER
CHAIRPERSON	3.00	Yes (X)	$0	$0	$0	Yes (X)
THIABA CAMARA SY
TREASURER	3.00	Yes (X)	$0	$0	$0	Yes (X)
GAIL KANEB
SECRETARY	3.00	Yes (X)	$0	$0	$0	Yes (X)
ANNE CHARLOTTE RINQUIST
DIRECTOR	1.00	Yes (X)	$0	$0	$0
JAN CHRISTIANSEN
DIRECTOR	1.00	Yes (X)	$0	$0	$0
DIAKA SALL
DIRECTOR	1.00	Yes (X)	$0	$0	$0
FATIMATA SY
DIRECTOR	1.00	Yes (X)	$0	$0	$0
MARY ELLEN CUNNINGHAM
DIRECTOR	1.00	Yes (X)	$0	$0	$0
ELENA BONOMETTI
CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICEER	40.00		$151,095	$0	$46,600	Yes (X)
KADJI DIOP
CHIEF FINANCE AND OPERATIONS OFFICER	40.00		$120,370	$0	$37,685	Yes (X)

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Reportable Comp From Org	$362,665	TotalReportableCompFromOrgAmt
Tot Reportable Comp Rltd Org	$0	TotReportableCompRltdOrgAmt
Total Other Compensation	$94,142	TotalOtherCompensationAmt
Indiv Rcvd Greater Than100 K	2	IndivRcvdGreaterThan100KCnt
Former Ofcr Employees Listed	0	FormerOfcrEmployeesListedInd
Total Comp Greater Than150 K	Yes (1)	TotalCompGreaterThan150KInd
Compensation From Other Srcs	0	CompensationFromOtherSrcsInd
Cntrct Rcvd Greater Than100 K	0	CntrctRcvdGreaterThan100KCnt
Government Grants	$2,317,305	GovernmentGrantsAmt
All Other Contributions	$6,201,256	AllOtherContributionsAmt
Noncash Contributions	$793,339	NoncashContributionsAmt
Total Contributions	$8,518,561	TotalContributionsAmt

Investment Income InvestmentIncomeGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column	$1,169	TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Exclusion	$1,169	ExclusionAmt

Gross Rents GrossRentsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Real	$476,915	RealAmt

Less Rental Expenses LessRentalExpensesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Real	$455,214	RealAmt

Rental Income Or Loss RentalIncomeOrLossGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Real	$21,701	RealAmt

Net Rental Income Or Loss NetRentalIncomeOrLossGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column	$21,701	TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Related Or Exempt Func Income	$21,701	RelatedOrExemptFuncIncomeAmt

Gross Amount Sales Assets GrossAmountSalesAssetsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Securities	$645,954	SecuritiesAmt

Less Cost Oth Basis Sales Expnss LessCostOthBasisSalesExpnssGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Securities	$768,927	SecuritiesAmt

Gain Or Loss GainOrLossGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Securities	-$122,973	SecuritiesAmt

Net Gain Or Loss Investments NetGainOrLossInvestmentsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column	-$122,973	TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Exclusion	-$122,973	ExclusionAmt

Other Revenue Misc OtherRevenueMiscGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Desc	MISCELLANEOUS	Desc
Business	900099	BusinessCd
Total Revenue Column	$5,252	TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Exclusion	$5,252	ExclusionAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Other Revenue Total	$5,252	OtherRevenueTotalAmt

Total Revenue TotalRevenueGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column	$8,423,710	TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Related Or Exempt Func Income	$21,701	RelatedOrExemptFuncIncomeAmt
Unrelated Business Revenue	$0	UnrelatedBusinessRevenueAmt
Exclusion	-$116,552	ExclusionAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Info In Schedule O Part IX	Yes (X)	InfoInScheduleOPartIXInd

Foreign Grants ForeignGrantsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$181,479	TotalAmt
Program Services	$181,479	ProgramServicesAmt

Comp Current Ofcr Directors CompCurrentOfcrDirectorsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$456,807	TotalAmt
Program Services	$178,013	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$139,307	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$139,487	FundraisingAmt

Other Salaries And Wages OtherSalariesAndWagesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$3,178,284	TotalAmt
Program Services	$2,513,781	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$379,095	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$285,408	FundraisingAmt

Pension Plan Contributions PensionPlanContributionsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$110,958	TotalAmt
Program Services	$95,290	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$11,407	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$4,261	FundraisingAmt

Other Employee Benefits OtherEmployeeBenefitsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$274,389	TotalAmt
Program Services	$208,146	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$39,177	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$27,066	FundraisingAmt

Payroll Taxes PayrollTaxesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$57,098	TotalAmt
Program Services	$42,538	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$8,081	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$6,479	FundraisingAmt

Fees For Services Legal FeesForServicesLegalGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$3,356	TotalAmt
Program Services	$1,807	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$860	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$689	FundraisingAmt

Fees For Services Accounting FeesForServicesAccountingGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$84,900	TotalAmt
Program Services	$45,712	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$21,749	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$17,439	FundraisingAmt

Fees For Services Prof Fundraising FeesForServicesProfFundraising

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$48,778	TotalAmt
Fundraising	$48,778	FundraisingAmt

Fees For Srvc Invst Mgmnt Fees FeesForSrvcInvstMgmntFeesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$180	TotalAmt
Management And General	$180	ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Fees For Services Other FeesForServicesOtherGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$720,080	TotalAmt
Program Services	$414,640	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$196,033	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$109,407	FundraisingAmt

Office Expenses OfficeExpensesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$360,018	TotalAmt
Program Services	$309,262	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$28,170	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$22,586	FundraisingAmt

Occupancy OccupancyGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$678,690	TotalAmt
Program Services	$613,463	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$9,995	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$55,232	FundraisingAmt

Conferences Meetings ConferencesMeetingsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$122,322	TotalAmt
Program Services	$103,817	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$10,270	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$8,235	FundraisingAmt

Depreciation Depletion DepreciationDepletionGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$58,888	TotalAmt
Management And General	$58,888	ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Other Expenses OtherExpensesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Desc	PROGRAM TRAINING COSTS	Desc
Total	$766,068	TotalAmt
Program Services	$713,055	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$29,422	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$23,591	FundraisingAmt

Total Functional Expenses TotalFunctionalExpensesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$7,102,295	TotalAmt
Program Services	$5,421,003	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$932,634	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$748,658	FundraisingAmt

Cash Non Interest Bearing CashNonInterestBearingGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$2,048,525	BOYAmt
EOY	$3,731,974	EOYAmt

Savings And Temp Cash Invst SavingsAndTempCashInvstGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$288,747	BOYAmt
EOY	$323,234	EOYAmt

Pledges And Grants Receivable PledgesAndGrantsReceivableGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$661,478	BOYAmt
EOY	$333,333	EOYAmt

Accounts Receivable AccountsReceivableGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$258,395	BOYAmt
EOY	$139,161	EOYAmt

Prepaid Expenses Defrd Charges PrepaidExpensesDefrdChargesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$25,041	BOYAmt
EOY	$22,128	EOYAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Land Bldg Equip Cost Or Other Bss	$1,807,997	LandBldgEquipCostOrOtherBssAmt
Land Bldg Equip Accum Deprec	$1,128,522	LandBldgEquipAccumDeprecAmt

Land Bldg Equip Basis Net LandBldgEquipBasisNetGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$591,742	BOYAmt
EOY	$679,475	EOYAmt

Investments Pub Traded Sec InvestmentsPubTradedSecGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$508	BOYAmt
EOY	$24,468	EOYAmt

Total Assets TotalAssetsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$3,874,436	BOYAmt
EOY	$5,253,773	EOYAmt

Accounts Payable Accr Expnss AccountsPayableAccrExpnssGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$301,442	BOYAmt
EOY	$215,538	EOYAmt

Total Liabilities TotalLiabilitiesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$301,442	BOYAmt
EOY	$215,538	EOYAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Organization Follows FASB117	Yes (X)	OrganizationFollowsFASB117Ind

No Donor Restriction Net Assets NoDonorRestrictionNetAssetsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$1,699,871	BOYAmt
EOY	$2,784,384	EOYAmt

Donor Restriction Net Assets DonorRestrictionNetAssetsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$1,873,123	BOYAmt
EOY	$2,253,851	EOYAmt

Total Net Assets Fund Balance TotalNetAssetsFundBalanceGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$3,572,994	BOYAmt
EOY	$5,038,235	EOYAmt

Tot Liab Net Assets Fund Balance TotLiabNetAssetsFundBalanceGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$3,874,436	BOYAmt
EOY	$5,253,773	EOYAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Info In Schedule O Part XI	Yes (X)	InfoInScheduleOPartXIInd
Reconcilation Revenue Expnss	$1,321,415	ReconcilationRevenueExpnssAmt
Net Unrlzd Gains Losses Invst	-$136	NetUnrlzdGainsLossesInvstAmt
Other Changes In Net Assets	$143,962	OtherChangesInNetAssetsAmt
Method Of Accounting Accrual	Yes (X)	MethodOfAccountingAccrualInd
Accountant Compile Or Review	0	AccountantCompileOrReviewInd
FS Audited	Yes (1)	FSAuditedInd

FS Audited Basis FSAuditedBasisGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Separate Basis Fincl Stmt	Yes (X)	SeparateBasisFinclStmtInd

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Audit Committee	Yes (1)	AuditCommitteeInd
Federal Grant Audit Required	0	FederalGrantAuditRequiredInd

Schedule A IRS990ScheduleA

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
School	Yes (X)	SchoolInd

Schedule B IRS990ScheduleB

Contributor Information ContributorInformationGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Contributor	RESTRICTED	ContributorNum

Contributor Business Name ContributorBusinessName

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1	RESTRICTED	BusinessNameLine1

Contributor US Address ContributorUSAddress

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Address Line1	RESTRICTED	AddressLine1
Address Line2	RESTRICTED	AddressLine2
City	RESTRICTED	City
State	RESTRICTED	State
ZIP Code	RESTRICTED	ZIPCode

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Contributions	RESTRICTED	TotalContributionsAmt

Schedule D IRS990ScheduleD

Land LandGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Other Cost Or Other Basis	$271,433	OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt
Book Value	$271,433	BookValueAmt

Buildings BuildingsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Other Cost Or Other Basis	$533,030	OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt
Depreciation	$432,400	DepreciationAmt
Book Value	$100,630	BookValueAmt

Equipment EquipmentGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Other Cost Or Other Basis	$500,666	OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt
Depreciation	$371,662	DepreciationAmt
Book Value	$129,004	BookValueAmt

Other Land Buildings OtherLandBuildingsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Other Cost Or Other Basis	$502,868	OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt
Depreciation	$324,460	DepreciationAmt
Book Value	$178,408	BookValueAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Book Value Land Buildings	$679,475	TotalBookValueLandBuildingsAmt
Footnote Text	Yes (X)	FootnoteTextInd
Total Rev Etc Audited Fincl Stmt	$8,424,644	TotalRevEtcAuditedFinclStmtAmt
Net Unrealized Gains Invst	-$136	NetUnrealizedGainsInvstAmt
Donated Services And Use Fclts	$1,250	DonatedServicesAndUseFcltsAmt
Revenue Not Reported	$1,114	RevenueNotReportedAmt
Revenue Subtotal	$8,423,530	RevenueSubtotalAmt
Investment Expenses Not Incld	$180	InvestmentExpensesNotIncldAmt
Revenue Not Reported Fincl Stmt	$180	RevenueNotReportedFinclStmtAmt
Total Revenue Per Form990	$8,423,710	TotalRevenuePerForm990Amt
Tot Expns Etc Audited Fincl Stmt	$7,103,365	TotExpnsEtcAuditedFinclStmtAmt
Donated Services Use Fclts	$1,250	DonatedServicesUseFcltsAmt
Expenses Not Reported	$1,250	ExpensesNotReportedAmt
Expenses Subtotal	$7,102,115	ExpensesSubtotalAmt
Investment Expenses Not Incld2	$180	InvestmentExpensesNotIncld2Amt
Expenses Not Rpt Fincl Stmt	$180	ExpensesNotRptFinclStmtAmt
Total Expenses Per Form990	$7,102,295	TotalExpensesPerForm990Amt

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Form And Line Reference	PART X, LINE 2:	FormAndLineReferenceDesc
Explanation	FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020, TOSTAN HAS DOCUMENTED ITS CONSIDERATION OF FASB ASC 740-10, INCOME TAXES, THAT PROVIDES GUIDANCE FOR REPORTING UNCERTAINTY IN INCOME TAXES AND HAS DETERMINED THAT NO MATERIAL UNCERTAIN TAX POSITIONS QUALIFY FOR EITHER RECOGNITION OR DISCLOSURE IN THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.	ExplanationTxt

Schedule E IRS990ScheduleE

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Nondiscriminatory Policy Stmt	Yes (1)	NondiscriminatoryPolicyStmtInd
Policy Stmt In Brochures Etc	Yes (1)	PolicyStmtInBrochuresEtcInd
Plcy Pblczd Via Broadcast Media	0	PlcyPblczdViaBroadcastMediaInd
Maintain Racial Comp Recs	Yes (1)	MaintainRacialCompRecsInd
Maintain Scholarships Recs	Yes (1)	MaintainScholarshipsRecsInd
Maintain Cpy Of Brochures Etc	Yes (1)	MaintainCpyOfBrochuresEtcInd
Maintain Cpy Of All Sol	Yes (1)	MaintainCpyOfAllSolInd
Discriminate Race Stdnts Rghts	0	DiscriminateRaceStdntsRghtsInd
Discriminate Race Admiss Plcy	0	DiscriminateRaceAdmissPlcyInd
Discriminate Race Emplm Fculty	0	DiscriminateRaceEmplmFcultyInd
Discriminate Race Schs	0	DiscriminateRaceSchsInd
Discriminate Race Educ Plcy	0	DiscriminateRaceEducPlcyInd
Discriminate Race Use Of Fclts	0	DiscriminateRaceUseOfFcltsInd
Discriminate Race Athlt Prog	0	DiscriminateRaceAthltProgInd
Discriminate Race Other Acty	0	DiscriminateRaceOtherActyInd
Government Financial Aid Rcvd	Yes (1)	GovernmentFinancialAidRcvdInd
Government Financial Aid Rvkd	0	GovernmentFinancialAidRvkdInd
Compliance With Rev Proc7550	Yes (1)	ComplianceWithRevProc7550Ind

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail (2 entries)

Form And Line ReferenceFormAndLineReferenceDesc	ExplanationExplanationTxt
SCHEDULE E, PART I, LINE 3	TOSTAN HAS A RACIALLY NONDISCRIMINATORY POLICY IN PLACE. HOWEVER, BECAUSE THE ORGANIZATION ONLY WORKS IN AFRICA, THE COMMUNITY IT SERVES IS AFRICAN, AS ARE 99% OF ITS EMPLOYEES. ADDITIONALLY, THE ORGANIZATION'S EDUCATION EFFORTS WITHIN COMMUNITIES ARE ONGOING AND THERE IS NOT SPECIFIC SOLICITATION OR REGISTRATION PERIOD.
SCHEDULE E, PART I, LINE 6	DURING 2020, TOSTAN RECEIVED $2,317,305 OF NON-U.S. GOVERNMENT ASSISTANCE.

Schedule F IRS990ScheduleF

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Grant Records Maintained	Yes (1)	GrantRecordsMaintainedInd

Account Activities Outside US AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp (3 entries)

RegionRegionTxt	OfficesOfficesCnt	EmployeeEmployeeCnt	Type Of Activities ConductedTypeOfActivitiesConductedTxt	Specific Services ProvidedSpecificServicesProvidedTxt	Region Total ExpendituresRegionTotalExpendituresAmt
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA	5	692	PROGRAM SERVICE ACTIVITIES	COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT PROGRAMS	$5,239,524
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA	1	37	MANAGEMENT & GENERAL		$933,704
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA	0	0	GRANTS TO RECIPIENTS LOCATED IN THE REGION		$181,479

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Subtotal Offices	6	SubtotalOfficesCnt
Subtotal Employees	729	SubtotalEmployeesCnt
Continuation Total Office	0	ContinuationTotalOfficeCnt
Continuation Total Employee	0	ContinuationTotalEmployeeCnt
Total Office	6	TotalOfficeCnt
Total Employee	729	TotalEmployeeCnt
Subtotal Spent	$6,354,707	SubtotalSpentAmt
Continuation Spent	$0	ContinuationSpentAmt
Total Spent	$6,354,707	TotalSpentAmt

Grants To Org Outside US GrantsToOrgOutsideUSGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Region	SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA	RegionTxt
Purpose Of Grant	PROGRAM SUPPORT	PurposeOfGrantTxt
Cash Grant	$181,479	CashGrantAmt
Manner Of Cash Disbursement	WIRE	MannerOfCashDisbursementTxt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total501c3 Org	1	Total501c3OrgCnt
Total Other Org	0	TotalOtherOrgCnt
Transfer To Foreign Corp	Yes (1)	TransferToForeignCorpInd
Interest In Foreign Trust	0	InterestInForeignTrustInd
Foreign Corp Ownership	0	ForeignCorpOwnershipInd
Passive Foreign Investmest Co	0	PassiveForeignInvestmestCoInd
Foreign Partnership	0	ForeignPartnershipInd
Boycott Countries	0	BoycottCountriesInd

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail (2 entries)

Form And Line ReferenceFormAndLineReferenceDesc	ExplanationExplanationTxt
PART I, LINE 2:	TOSTAN AND THE GRANTEE SIGN A CONTRACT THAT DEFINES THE SCOPE OF THE PROJECT, THE BUDGET AND THE PAYMENT SCHEDULE. IN ADDITION, THE GRANTEE IS REQUIRED TO PROVIDE DETAILED EXPENSE REPORTS TO TOSTAN.
PART III ACCOUNTING METHOD:

Schedule G IRS990ScheduleG

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Mail Solicitations	Yes (X)	MailSolicitationsInd
Email Solicitations	Yes (X)	EmailSolicitationsInd
Phone Solicitations	Yes (X)	PhoneSolicitationsInd
In Person Solicitations	Yes (X)	InPersonSolicitationsInd
Solicitation Of Non Govt Grants	Yes (X)	SolicitationOfNonGovtGrantsInd
Solicitation Of Govt Grants	Yes (X)	SolicitationOfGovtGrantsInd
Agrmt Prof Fundraising Acty	Yes (1)	AgrmtProfFundraisingActyInd

Fundraiser Activity Info FundraiserActivityInfoGrp (3 entries)

Address Line1USAddress/AddressLine1Txt	CityUSAddress/CityNm	State AbbreviationUSAddress/StateAbbreviationCd	ZIPUSAddress/ZIPCd	ActivityActivityTxt	Fundraiser Control Of FundsFundraiserControlOfFundsInd	Gross ReceiptsGrossReceiptsAmt	Retained By ContractorRetainedByContractorAmt	Net To OrganizationNetToOrganizationAmt
LOUISE F RUHR
121 ASH STREET	EUGENE	OR	97402	GRANT/WRITING	0	$0	$13,500	-$13,500
SUZANNE BOWLES
38 COTTAGE STREET	EASTHAMPTON	MA	01027	CATTAIL STRATEGY	0	$0	$15,278	-$15,278
DEVELOPMENT RESOURCE
1820 N FORT MYER DRIVE SUITE 702	ARLINGTON	VA	22209	FUNDRAISING ASSISTANCE	0	$0	$20,000	-$20,000

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Retained By Contractors	$48,778	TotalRetainedByContractorsAmt
Total Net To Organization	-$48,778	TotalNetToOrganizationAmt
Licensed States	AL	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	CA	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	CO	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	CT	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	DE	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	FL	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	GA	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	IL	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	MD	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	MA	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	NJ	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	NM	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	NY	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	OH	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	PA	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	TN	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	UT	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	VA	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	WA	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	DC	LicensedStatesCd
Licensed States	NC	LicensedStatesCd

Schedule J IRS990ScheduleJ

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Housing Allowance Or Residence	Yes (X)	HousingAllowanceOrResidenceInd
Written Policy Ref T And E Expnss	Yes (1)	WrittenPolicyRefTAndEExpnssInd
Substantiation Required	Yes (1)	SubstantiationRequiredInd
Board Or Committee Approval	Yes (X)	BoardOrCommitteeApprovalInd
Severance Payment	0	SeverancePaymentInd
Supplemental Nonqual Rtr Plan	0	SupplementalNonqualRtrPlanInd
Equity Based Comp Arrngm	0	EquityBasedCompArrngmInd
Comp Based On Revenue Of Flng Org	0	CompBasedOnRevenueOfFlngOrgInd
Comp Bsd On Rev Related Orgs	0	CompBsdOnRevRelatedOrgsInd
Comp Bsd Net Earns Flng Org	0	CompBsdNetEarnsFlngOrgInd
Comp Bsd Net Earns Rltd Orgs	0	CompBsdNetEarnsRltdOrgsInd
Any Non Fixed Payments	0	AnyNonFixedPaymentsInd
Initial Contract Exception	0	InitialContractExceptionInd

Rltd Org Officer Trst Key Empl RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp (2 entries)

TitleTitleTxt	Base Compensation Filing OrgBaseCompensationFilingOrgAmt	Compensation Based On Rltd OrgsCompensationBasedOnRltdOrgsAmt	Bonus Filing OrganizationBonusFilingOrganizationAmount	Bonus Related OrganizationsBonusRelatedOrganizationsAmt	Other Compensation Filing OrgOtherCompensationFilingOrgAmt	Other Compensation Rltd OrgsOtherCompensationRltdOrgsAmt	Deferred Compensation Flng OrgDeferredCompensationFlngOrgAmt	Deferred Comp Rltd OrgsDeferredCompRltdOrgsAmt	Nontaxable Benefits Filing OrgNontaxableBenefitsFilingOrgAmt	Nontaxable Benefits Rltd OrgsNontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt	Total Compensation Filing OrgTotalCompensationFilingOrgAmt	Total Compensation Rltd OrgsTotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt	Comp Report Prior990 Filing OrgCompReportPrior990FilingOrgAmt	Comp Report Prior990 Rltd OrgsCompReportPrior990RltdOrgsAmt
ELENA BONOMETTI
CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICEER	$151,095	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0	$39,600	$0	$7,000	$0	$197,695	$0	$0	$0
KADJI DIOP
CHIEF FINANCE AND OPERATIONS OFFICER	$120,370	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0	$37,164	$0	$521	$0	$158,055	$0	$0	$0

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Form And Line Reference	PART I, LINE 1A	FormAndLineReferenceDesc
Explanation	TOSTAN PROVIDED HOUSING BENEFITS TO ELENA BONOMETTI $15,642 AND KADJI DIOP $15,642.	ExplanationTxt

Schedule M IRS990ScheduleM

Securities Publicly Traded SecuritiesPubliclyTradedGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Non Cash Checkbox	Yes (X)	NonCashCheckboxInd
Contribution	1	ContributionCnt
Noncash Contributions Rpt F990	$793,339	NoncashContributionsRptF990Amt
Method Of Determining Revenues	FMV	MethodOfDeterminingRevenuesTxt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Form8283 Received	0	Form8283ReceivedCnt
Any Property That Must Be Held	0	AnyPropertyThatMustBeHeldInd
Review Process Unusual NC Gifts	0	ReviewProcessUnusualNCGiftsInd
Third Parties Used	0	ThirdPartiesUsedInd

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Form And Line Reference	PART I, COLUMN (B):	FormAndLineReferenceDesc
Explanation	THIS COLUMN REPORTS THE NUMBER OF CONTRIBUTIONS.	ExplanationTxt

Schedule O IRS990ScheduleO

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail (12 entries)

Form And Line ReferenceFormAndLineReferenceDesc	ExplanationExplanationTxt
FORM 990, PART III, LINE 4A, DESCRIPTION OF PROGRAM SERVICE:	GUINEA: TOSTAN WORKED WITH 40 COMMUNITIES, WITH A TOTAL OF 2,980 PARTICIPANTS. GUINEA-BISSAU: TOSTAN WORKED WITH 38 COMMUNITIES, WITH A TOTAL OF 3,200 PARTICIPANTS. MALI: TOSTAN WORKED WITH 80 COMMUNITIES, WITH A TOTAL OF 7,723 PARTICIPANTS. SENEGAL: TOSTAN WORKED WITH 139 COMMUNITIES, WITH A TOTAL OF 6,443 PARTICIPANTS. THE GAMBIA: TOSTAN WORKED WITH 30 COMMUNITIES, WITH A TOTAL OF 2,619 PARTICIPANTS. TOTAL NUMBER OF AFRICAN COMMUNITIES HOSTING TOSTAN'S PROGRAMS IN 2020: 327. TOTAL NUMBER OF COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT PROGRAM PARTICIPANTS IN IN THE 5 COUNTRIES: 22,965. 78.8% OF PARTICIPANTS WERE WOMEN AND GIRLS. DIRECT CEP PARTICIPANTS ENGAGED 18,563 INDIRECT LEARNERS (SEE ORGANIZED DIFFUSION, BELOW). TOSTAN ALSO CONDUCTED AND WORKED WITH COMMUNITY PARTNERS TO CONDUCT A WIDE RANGE OF ADDITIONAL PROGRAMMING ACTIVITIES, REACHING MANY HUNDREDS MORE COMMUNITIES. PLEASE SEE BELOW FOR A SUMMARY OF TOSTAN'S MAIN PROGRAMMING EFFORTS ACROSS ALL PROGRAMS IN 2020. COVID-RELATED ACTIVITIES: IN ADDITION TO TOSTAN'S TRADITIONAL CEP PROGRAMMING TOSTAN RESPONDED TO COVID-19 THROUGH A RANGE OF PROGRAMMATIC EFFORTS. IN MARCH 2020, DUE TO THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC, TOSTAN MADE THE DIFFICULT DECISION TO SUSPEND ALL FIELD ACTIVITIES IN ITS FIVE FOCUS COUNTRIES (GAMBIA, GUINEA, GUINEA-BISSAU, MALI, SENEGAL) FOR THE DURATION OF THE EMERGENCY. ALL FIELD STAFF HAD TO LEAVE THE PARTNER COMMUNITIES WHERE THEY WERE LIVING AND RETURN HOME. TOSTAN RAPIDLY IMPLEMENTED A COVID-19 RESPONSE CONTINGENCY PLAN AIMED AT PROVIDING COMMUNITY MEMBERS WITH LIFE-SAVING INFORMATION ON THE VIRUS, DELIVERED IN THE LOCAL LANGUAGE AND IN A CULTURALLY APPROPRIATE MANNER. THE ULTIMATE GOAL OF THE CONTINGENCY PLAN WAS TO CURB THE VIRUS SPREAD AND TO PROTECT LIVES THROUGH THE MEASURES OUTLINED BELOW: 1. DEVELOPED AND DISTRIBUTED COVID-19 INFORMATIONAL BROCHURES IN 13 LANGUAGES TOSTAN DEVELOPED TWO BROCHURES WITH KEY COVID-19 PREVENTION MESSAGES. ILLUSTRATIONS DEPICTED LOCAL HOUSING, PRACTICES, AND DRESS AND ADVICE WAS TAILORED TO ADDRESS ANY SOCIAL NORMS THAT MAY BE AFFECTED BY THE VIRUS. ONE BROCHURE OFFERS CULTURALLY RELEVANT INFORMATION AND ILLUSTRATIONS ABOUT THE VIRUS TRANSMISSION AND PREVENTION; AND ONE DISCUSSING AN ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE ON THE VIRUS. BOTH VERSIONS OF THE BROCHURES HAVE BEEN WIDELY DISTRIBUTED TO PARTNER COMMUNITIES AND ARE ALSO AVAILABLE FREE TO DOWNLOAD FROM TOSTAN'S WEBSITE. 2. BROADCASTED RADIO PROGRAMS TO INFORM TOSTAN PARTNER COMMUNITIES IN ADDITION TO PROVIDING BASIC INFORMATION ON CORONAVIRUS TRANSMISSION AND PREVENTION, TOSTAN RADIO PROGRAMS COVERED TOPICS SUCH AS COMMUNITY-GOVERNMENT COLLABORATION DURING THE PANDEMIC, RELIGIOUS TEXTS THAT REINFORCE PUBLIC HEALTH MEASURES, AND EDUCATION IN THE TIME OF COVID. 3. COLLECTED DATA TO INFORM PROGRAMMING WORKING WITH IDINSIGHT, A GLOBAL ANALYTICS ORGANIZATION, TOSTAN GATHERED DATA TO BETTER UNDERSTAND THE KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, AND PRACTICES AROUND COVID IN THE AREAS WHERE TOSTAN IS WORKING. THIS INFORMATION WILL INFORM FUTURE WORK AND ALSO HELP IN BETTER UNDERSTANDING WHAT MAKES COMMUNITIES RESILIENT. 4. PIVOTED THE ENTIRE TOSTAN ORGANIZATION TO WORKING REMOTELY COVID-19 IS RESHAPING THE WAY THE WORLD WORKS. ALTHOUGH FIELD OPERATIONS WERE PAUSED, TOSTAN STAFF CONTINUED TO WORK EFFECTIVELY USING DIGITAL TOOLS. WE WERE ABLE TO KEEP ALL OF OUR STAFF FULLY EMPLOYED. 5. CONTINUED TO CONVENE THOUGHT LEADERS ON TIMELY TOPICS TOSTAN ACTIVELY ENGAGED NEW AUDIENCES AND STRENGTHENED THE ORGANIZATION'S POSITION AS A KEY THOUGHT LEADER IN PROMINENT ONLINE SPEAKING EVENTS SUCH AS THE WORLD SKOLL FORUM, WISE PANEL, WORLD HUMANITARIAN FORUM HYBRID SUMMIT, AND AFRICAN PHILANTHROPY FORUM. TOSTAN'S CEO, ELENA BONOMETTI, ALSO HOSTED A THREE PART WEBINAR SERIES FEATURING SYSTEMS CHANGE IN THE FACE OF COVID, INCLUDING THE STRATEGIES TOSTAN IMPLEMENTED IN THE FIELD. THE FOLLOWING SUMMARIZE TOSTAN'S EFFORTS AT COUNTRY LEVEL. GAMBIA: DELIVERED 86 RADIO PROGRAMS IN THREE LANGUAGES, DISTRIBUTED 9,200 BROCHURES IN FOUR LANGUAGES, PROVIDED 4,800 MASKS ALONG WITH OTHER HEALTH AND HYGIENE SUPPLIES. GUINEA DELIVERED 76 RADIO PROGRAMS IN SEVEN LANGUAGES, DISTRIBUTED 4,715 BROCHURES IN TWO LANGUAGES, PROVIDED 90 HEALTH AND HYGIENE KITS FOR COMMUNITIES. GUINEA-BISSAU DELIVERED 62 RADIO PROGRAMS, DISTRIBUTED 10,243 BROCHURES IN FOUR LANGUAGES, PROVIDED 722 MASKS AND HUNDREDS OF HEALTH AND HYGIENE SUPPLIES. MALI: DELIVERED 106 RADIO BROADCASTS ON 10 STATIONS, DISTRIBUTED 12,347 BROCHURES DISTRIBUTED IN TWO LANGUAGES, PROVIDED HUNDREDS OF HEALTH AND HYGIENE SUPPLIES. SENEGAL: DELIVERED 72 RADIO PROGRAMS IN FOUR LANGUAGES, DISTRIBUTED 35,470 BROCHURES IN FIVE LANGUAGES, PROVIDED 1,200 MASKS ALONG WITH HEALTH AND HYGIENE SUPPLIES TO 333 COMMUNITIES, 9 PRISONS, AND 102 DAARAS. THE TOSTAN COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT PROGRAM (CEP): OUR UNIQUE THREE-YEAR PROGRAM EMPOWERS COMMUNITY MEMBERS IN FIVE WEST AFRICAN COUNTRIES WITH THE SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE THEY NEED TO LEAD THEIR OWN DEVELOPMENT. THE CEP IS A NON-FORMAL EDUCATION PROGRAM, BASED ON HUMAN RIGHTS, AND IS IMPLEMENTED IN MORE THAN A DOZEN LOCAL LANGUAGES. IT COMBINES MODERN EDUCATION TECHNIQUES WITH TRADITIONAL AFRICAN ORAL TEACHING METHODS AND IS UNDERPINNED BY A RESPECTFUL APPROACH TO LOCAL BELIEFS AND CULTURE. IMPACT AREAS: OUR WORK USES A HOLISTIC APPROACH FOR COMMUNITY-LED DEVELOPMENT, AND OUR IMPACTS ARE FOUND ACROSS FIVE KEY AREAS: GOVERNANCE, EDUCATION, HEALTH, ENVIRONMENT, AND ECONOMIC GROWTH. EACH RESULT AREA IS ELABORATED UPON BELOW: GOVERNANCE: CEP PARTICIPANTS LEARN ABOUT DEMOCRACY, HUMAN RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES, LEADERSHIP, DECISION-MAKING AND PROBLEM-SOLVING. EACH COMMUNITY DEMOCRATICALLY SELECTS 17 MEMBERS TO FORM A COMMUNITY MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE (CMC) AND RECEIVES TRAINING IN THE SKILLS NECESSARY TO IMPLEMENT PROJECTS IN THEIR COMMUNITIES. THESE COMMITTEES CONSTITUTE A STRONG LEADERSHIP PRESENCE IN TOSTAN COMMUNITIES, CONTRIBUTING TO THE GROWTH OF GOOD GOVERNANCE AND DEMOCRACY. THEY WORK TO INCREASE DEMOCRATIC PARTICIPATION BY ENCOURAGING RESIDENTS TO REGISTER THEIR CHILDREN AT BIRTH, TO VOTE AND RUN FOR OFFICE AS WELL AS PARTICIPATE IN NATIONAL ELECTIONS. THE PARTICIPATION AND LEADERSHIP OF WOMEN IN CMCS IS HIGHLY ENCOURAGED, AND IN 2020, 100% OF CMCS IN GUINEA, GUINEA-BISSAU, MALI, MAURITANIA AND SENEGAL HAD A MAJORITY OF FEMALE MEMBERS. IN 2020 THE RESPECTIVE PERCENTAGES OF FEMALE MEMBERS OF THE CMCS WERE AS FOLLOWS: 67% IN SENEGAL, 80% IN GAMBIA, 70% IN GUINEA BISSAU, 62% IN GUINEA AND 71% IN MALI. THESE WOMEN EMERGE AS COMMUNITY LEADERS, ACTIVISTS, AND ROLE MODELS, SHOWING YOUNG GIRLS AND BOYS ALIKE THAT WOMEN CAN SUCCEED IN LEADERSHIP ROLES AND WORK ALONGSIDE MEN AS EQUALS. EDUCATION: CMCS ORGANIZED DURING THE CEP LEAD INITIATIVES THAT ENSURE GIRLS AND BOYS ARE ENROLLED IN SCHOOL. WHEN A FAMILY IS CONSIDERING REMOVING THEIR CHILD FROM SCHOOL, CMC MEMBERS MEET WITH THEM TO DISCUSS OTHER POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS. CHILD/FORCED MARRIAGE IS ONE PRACTICE THAT IS A KEY FACTOR IN DETERMINING WHETHER A GIRL WILL STAY IN SCHOOL. FOLLOWING THEIR PARTICIPATION IN OUR HOLISTIC PROGRAM, HUNDREDS OF COMMUNITIES ACROSS THE COUNTRIES IN WHICH WE WORK PLEDGED TO ABANDON CHILD/FORCED MARRIAGE IN 2020, BRINGING THE TOTAL NUMBER TO 9,103. AS A RESULT, THOUSANDS OF GIRLS ARE LIKELY TO HAVE THE OPPORTUNITY TO STAY IN SCHOOL FOR LONGER, RATHER THAN BE MARRIED AT A YOUNG AGE. IN THE FINAL MODULE OF THE CEP, THE AAWDE, PARTICIPANTS LEARN TO READ AND WRITE IN THEIR LOCAL AND AND RECEIVE SMS TEXT MESSAGES THROUGH THE MOBILE PHONES FOR LITERACY AND DEVELOPMENT (MPLD) MODULE, DESCRIBED BELOW, ENCOURAGES PARTICIPANTS TO PRACTICE AND SHARE THEIR NEWLY ACQUIRED LITERACY SKILLS. IN 2020 TOSTAN CONTINUED SEEKING OPPORTUNITIES TO INVEST IN OUR REINFORCEMENT OF PARENTAL PRACTICES (RPP) MODULE WHICH BUILDS ON KNOWLEDGE GAINED DURING THE CEP TO ENABLE PARENTS AND COMMUNITIES TO CREATE AN ENVIRONMENT WHICH SUPPORTS CHILDREN'S EARLY DEVELOPMENT AND LEARNING IN ORDER TO BETTER PREPARE THEM FOR SUCCESS IN SCHOOL AND LIFE (SEE ALSO EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT BELOW) HEALTH: DURING THE CEP, PARTICIPANTS LEARN ABOUT THEIR RIGHT TO HEALTH AND THE RIGHT TO BE FREE FROM ALL FORMS OF VIOLENCE, ABOUT HYGIENE AND HOW DISEASES ARE SPREAD AND PREVENTED. THEY ALSO DISCUSS THE HEALTH RISKS OF HARMFUL PRACTICES SUCH AS FEMALE GENITAL CUTTING (FGC) AND CHILD/FORCED MARRIAGE.
FORM 990, PART III, LINE 4A, DESCRIPTION OF PROGRAM SERVICE:	THE CEP ENCOURAGES COMMUNITY MEMBERS TO SHARE THE KNOWLEDGE THEY GAIN ABOUT HEALTH AND HUMAN RIGHTS WITH THEIR SOCIAL NETWORKS, AND COMMUNITIES OFTEN LAUNCH SPECIFIC INITIATIVES TO IMPROVE CHILD AND MATERNAL HEALTH IN THEIR VILLAGES. COMMUNITIES RAISE AWARENESS ON THE IMPORTANCE OF VACCINATIONS AS WELL AS TAKING ACTION TO IMPROVE COMMUNITY HYGIENE AND PREVENTING DISEASES SUCH AS MALARIA. ENVIRONMENT: OUR CEP EQUIPS COMMUNITY MEMBERS WITH THE KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS TO FIND CREATIVE AND SUSTAINABLE SOLUTIONS TO ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS. DURING THE CEP, PARTICIPANTS LEARN HOW DISEASES ARE TRANSMITTED AND HOW THIS IS LINKED TO UNHYGIENIC PRACTICES THAT CAN POLLUTE THE ENVIRONMENT. OUR RESPECTFUL AND NON-JUDGMENTAL APPROACH PROMOTES COMMUNITY DISCUSSION ABOUT THE ENVIRONMENT. AS A RESULT, COMMUNITIES LEAD INITIATIVES TO MAKE THEIR ENVIRONMENTS MORE HYGIENIC IN ORDER TO PROTECT THE COMMUNITY'S HEALTH. COMMUNITIES ALSO USE THEIR PROBLEM SOLVING SKILLS TO IMPLEMENT ENVIRONMENTAL INITIATIVES TO ADDRESS THEIR PARTICULAR NEEDS. ECONOMIC GROWTH: THE FINAL PHASE OF THE CEP, THE AAWDE, INCLUDES CLASS SESSIONS ON BASIC LITERACY, MATH, PROJECT MANAGEMENT, AND BUDGETING SKILLS THAT HELP PARTICIPANTS SUCCESSFULLY PLAN AND LAUNCH SMALL BUSINESSES IN THEIR COMMUNITIES. WE ALSO PROVIDE SMALL COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT GRANTS TO CMCS. THE CMCS OFTEN USE THESE GRANTS TO ESTABLISH A ROTATING MICROCREDIT FUND THAT HELPS COMMUNITY MEMBERS, PARTICULARLY WOMEN, WITH THE INVESTMENT THEY NEED TO START SMALL BUSINESSES, INVEST IN AGRICULTURE, OR TAKE ON OTHER INCOME-GENERATING ACTIVITIES. THE CMC ALSO ENCOURAGES COMMUNITY MEMBERS TO SAVE AND PLAN FOR THE FUTURE. CROSS-CUTTING ISSUES: IN ADDITION, OUR WORK ADDRESSES CROSS-CUTTING THEMES IMPORTANT FOR COMMUNITY WELL-BEING. THESE ISSUES INCLUDE CHILD PROTECTION, THE REINFORCEMENT OF PARENTAL PRACTICES, THE EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN AND GIRLS, AND FEMALE GENITAL CUTTING (FGC). WE BELIEVE THAT THESE CROSS-CUTTING ISSUES REQUIRE HOLISTIC AND HUMAN RIGHTS-BASED SOLUTIONS, AND OUR PROGRAM AIMS TO STRENGTHEN POSITIVE SOCIAL NORMS WHILE ADDRESSING THOSE WHICH LEAD TO HARMFUL PRACTICES. FGC: THE HUMAN RIGHTS-BASED CEP ALLOWS COMMUNITY MEMBERS TO DRAW THEIR OWN CONCLUSIONS ABOUT FGC AND LEAD THEIR OWN MOVEMENTS FOR CHANGE. IN THE CEP CLASS SESSIONS ON HUMAN RIGHTS, PARTICIPANTS LEARN ABOUT THEIR RIGHT TO HEALTH AND THE RIGHT TO BE FREE FROM ALL FORMS OF VIOLENCE. THEY ALSO DISCUSS THE RESPONSIBILITIES THEY SHARE TO PROTECT THESE RIGHTS IN THEIR COMMUNITY. IN SESSIONS ON HEALTH, THEY LEARN ABOUT THE POTENTIAL, IMMEDIATE, AND LONG-TERM HARMFUL CONSEQUENCES OF THE PRACTICE AND DISCUSS WAYS TO PREVENT THESE HEALTH PROBLEMS IN THE FUTURE. RATHER THAN BLAMING OR CRITICIZING, WE ENCOURAGE DIALOGUE AROUND THESE AND OTHER PRACTICES THAT COMMUNITIES FEEL HINDER THEIR VISION FOR THEIR COMMUNITY'S DEVELOPMENT. PARTICIPANTS AND COMMUNITY MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE (CMC) MEMBERS SPEAK WITH FRIENDS AND FAMILY AS WELL AS TRAVEL TO OTHER COMMUNITIES TO RAISE AWARENESS ABOUT WHAT THEY HAVE LEARNED. THROUGH THIS PROCESS, MANY COMMUNITIES DECIDE TO END FGC TOGETHER, SOME WITHOUT HAVING DIRECTLY PARTICIPATED IN OUR CLASSES. CHILD PROTECTION: THROUGH OUR CEP MODULE ON CHILD PROTECTION, CMCS ARE TRAINED TO ADDRESS THE DEEP SOCIAL NORMS AND PRACTICES THAT NEGATIVELY AFFECT CHILDREN. THE CHILD PROTECTION MODULE TRAINING IS FOR CMC MEMBERS IN COMMUNITIES THAT HAVE IMPLEMENTED THE CEP. THE MODULE HELPS BUILD CONSENSUS AROUND HUMAN RIGHTS AND CHILDREN'S RIGHTS WHILE BUILDING AWARENESS OF THE VARIOUS MORAL, SOCIAL, AND LEGAL NORMS THAT AFFECT CHILDREN. INSTEAD OF FOCUSING ON IMMEDIATE RELIEF, THE MODULE HELPS COMMUNITIES ADDRESS THE DEEP SOCIAL NORMS AND PRACTICES THAT ARE AT THE SOURCE OF THESE ISSUES AFFECTING CHILDREN. IT EMPHASIZES THE IMPORTANCE OF EDUCATION AND INTRODUCES IDEAS FOR HOW COMMUNITIES CAN WORK TOGETHER TO PROTECT THEIR CHILDREN. THE CHILD PROTECTION MODULE STRENGTHENS THE CAPACITY OF COMMUNITIES TO PROVIDE PROTECTION FOR CHILDREN AND PREVENT VIOLATIONS OF CHILDREN'S RIGHTS BY REINFORCING THE CAPACITIES OF COMMUNITIES AND THEIR SURROUNDING VILLAGES TO IDENTIFY AT-RISK CHILDREN, REINFORCING THE CAPACITIES OF COMMUNITIES TO PREVENT THE TRAFFICKING OR MIGRATION OF CHILDREN TO URBAN CENTERS, REINFORCING THE CAPACITIES OF COMMUNITIES TO HELP CHILDREN IN DIFFICULT SITUATIONS SUCH AS SEXUAL ABUSE, INCEST, FORCED MARRIAGE AND FGC, AND FOSTERING THE CREATION OF DYNAMIC AND FUNCTIONAL COMMISSIONS FOR CHILD PROTECTION IN ALL COMMUNITIES. ALL COMMUNITIES WHO PARTICIPATE IN THE CEP, SPECIFICALLY THE CMCS, ARE TRAINED IN THE CHILD PROTECTION MODULE. AFTER THE TRAINING, CMCS ESTABLISH COMMISSIONS FOR CHILD PROTECTION (CCPS), WHICH LEAD THE COMMUNITY IN ADVOCATING FOR CHILDREN'S RIGHTS AND TRANSFORMING EXISTING SOCIAL NORMS THAT SUSTAIN HARMFUL PRACTICES. THOUSANDS OF CHILDREN HAVE BEEN REGISTERED AT BIRTH BY CMCS, IMPROVING THEIR ACCESS TO SCHOOL AND LEGAL RECOGNITION. IN ADDITION TO LEADING THESE COMMUNITY-WIDE PROJECTS, CMCS ALSO INTERVENE DIRECTLY IN CASES OF CHILD ABUSE. TOSTAN IS ALSO IN PARTNERSHIP WITH THE INGO LA RENCONTRE AFRICAINE POUR LA DFENSE DES DROITS DE L'HOMME (RADDHO) AND ANTI-SLAVERY INTERNATIONAL FOR THE CHILD PROTECTION PROJECT, REINFORCING HIGHER-LEVEL ADVOCACY FOR KORANIC SCHOOL REFORM WITH GRASSROOTS SOCIAL MOBILIZATION WORK AROUND ENDING CHILD BEGGING. THROUGH THE PROJECT 102 KORANIC SCHOOLS WITH 1452 TALIBS STOPPED BEGGING OR SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED THEIR BEGGING TIME IN 2020, BRINGING TO 7781 THE NUMBER OF TALIBS WHO STOPPED BEGGING SINCE THE PROJECT BEGAN IN 2016. KORANIC SCHOOLS HAVE IMPROVED THE LIVING CONDITIONS OF THEIR STUDENTS THANKS TO SUPPORT FROM THE PROJECT AND KORANIC SCHOOL TEACHERS PARTICIPATED IN MEETINGS EXCHANGING ON BEST PRACTICES TOWARDS THEIR STUDENTS. EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT: IN ORDER TO ADDRESS THIS ISSUE, TOSTAN DEVELOPED THE REINFORCEMENT OF PARENTAL PRACTICES (RPP) MODULE BEGINNING IN 2012. THE MODULE AIMS TO REINFORCE KNOWLEDGE GAINED IN THE CEP THAT ENCOURAGES PARENTS AND OTHER COMMUNITY MEMBERS TO CREATE AN ENVIRONMENT FOR CHILDREN'S DEVELOPMENT. AS A RESULT, THE MODULE WILL HELP IMPROVE CHILDREN'S EARLY DEVELOPMENT AND LEARNING, ALLOWING THEM TO PERFORM BETTER AND STAY IN SCHOOL. RESEARCH HAS SHOWN THAT CERTAIN SOCIAL NORMS AND TRADITIONAL PRACTICES IN SENEGAL CAN HINDER THE BRAIN DEVELOPMENT OF INFANTS. FOR EXAMPLE, THE BELIEF THAT INFANTS MUST BE PROTECTED FROM DANGEROUS SPIRITS: TO PROTECT THEM CERTAIN PARENTS AVOID LOOKING NEWBORN BABIES IN THE EYE AND SPEAKING REGULARLY AND DIRECTLY TO THEM. HOWEVER, RECENT DISCOVERIES ABOUT BRAIN DEVELOPMENT IN YOUNG CHILDREN HAVE SHOWN IMPORTANCE OF STIMULATING INTERACTIONS BETWEEN PARENTS AND THEIR CHILDREN. DURING THE RPP MODULE, FACILITATORS SHARE WITH COMMUNITY MEMBERS SIMPLE TECHNIQUES THAT ENRICH INTERACTIONS BETWEEN PARENTS AND THEIR YOUNG CHILDREN AND ARE ALL LINKED TO CHILDREN'S BASIC HUMAN RIGHTS TO EDUCATION AND HEALTH. THESE TECHNIQUES INCLUDE SPEAKING TO THEIR YOUNG CHILDREN USING A RICH AND COMPLEX VOCABULARY, ASKING THEIR CHILDREN QUESTIONS AND HELPING THEM RESPOND, PLAYFULLY COPYING THEIR CHILDREN, TELLING THEM STORIES, AND DESCRIBING OBJECTS IN DETAIL TO THEM. PRIMARY CAREGIVERS IN EACH COMMUNITY ARE TRAINED TO TEACH OTHERS THE SAME SKILLS AFTER TOSTAN LEAVES. THIS MODULE HAS BEEN PREVIOUSLY IMPLEMENTED IN WOLOF, PULAAR, AND MANDINKA COMMUNITIES IN SENEGAL. IN 2020 TOSTAN CONTINUED ITS EFFORTS TO SCALE UP THIS IMPORTANT AREA OF WORK AND HOPES TO LAUNCH NEW RPP PROGRAMMING IN THE COMING YEARS. TOSTAN HAS CONTINUED TO DEVELOP PROGRAMMING AND OVERALL PROGRAMMING STRATEGIES FOCUSED ON DECENTRALIZED GOVERNANCE AND COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT WITH DECENTRALIZED GOVERNMENT SERVICES. IN 2020, TOSTAN CONTINUED IMPLEMENTATION OF A CURRICULUM, NOW CALLED STRENGTHENING DEMOCRACY AND CIVIC ENGAGEMENT, TO SUPPORT IMPROVED DECENTRALIZED GOVERNMENT SERVICES AND RESOURCES THROUGH AN APPROACH THAT TRAINS COMMUNITIES AND LOCALLY ELECTED OFFICIALS ALIKE. TOSTAN HAS ALSO ADOPTED THE BROADER SDCE FRAMEWORK AS CENTRAL PART OF ITS STRATEGIC ENGAGEMENT PLAN AND STRATEGIC SCALING PLAN FOR 2019-2022. IN 2020 TOSTAN WORKED WITH 85 COMMUNITY MANAGEMENT COMMITTEES 11 MUNICIPAL COUNCILS AND 1 DEPARTMENTAL COUNCIL IN MEDINA YORO FOULA IN SENEGAL. OF THESE COUNCILS, 5 WERE TRAINED BY TOSTAN ON THE FIRST PART OF THE SDCE MODULE. THE TRAINING FOCUSED ON THE ROLE AND RESPONSIBILITY OF MUNICIPAL COUNCILLORS, PARTICIPATORY BUDGETING, HUMAN RIGHTS, ETC. PRIOR TO THE TRAINING OF THE MUNICIPAL COUNCILLORS, ALL 85 CMCS WERE TRAINED ON THE FIRST MODULE OF SDCE. GOING FORWARD ALL DIRECT IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAMS WILL BE DESIGNED TO CREATE COORDINATED SUPPORT FOR COMMUNITY WELL-BEING ACROSS DISTRICTS AND REGIONS.
FORM 990, PART III, LINE 4A, DESCRIPTION OF PROGRAM SERVICE:	EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN AND GIRLS: WOMEN AND GIRLS MAKE UP MORE THAN HALF OF CEP PARTICIPANTS. DURING OUR PROGRAM, WOMEN DEVELOP LEADERSHIP SKILLS, ENGAGE IN DIALOGUE, AND DEMONSTRATE THEIR ABILITY TO MAKE IMPORTANT DECISIONS FOR THEMSELVES AND THEIR FAMILIES, SHOWING HOW IMPORTANT THEY ARE TO THEIR COMMUNITY'S DEVELOPMENT. WE ALSO WORK TO ENGAGE MEN AND BOYS IN THE CEP, ENCOURAGING THEM TO PARTICIPATE IN DISCUSSIONS ABOUT HUMAN RIGHTS. MEN AND WOMEN WORK TOGETHER TO PROMOTE EQUALITY AND DEVELOP NEW SOCIAL NORMS AROUND RESPECTING THE HUMAN RIGHTS AND DIGNITY OF ALL. WE ENCOURAGE WOMEN TO TAKE ON LEADERSHIP ROLES IN THEIR COMMUNITIES. COMMUNITY MANAGEMENT COMMITTEES: AS PART OF THE CEP, EACH PARTICIPATING COMMUNITY DEMOCRATICALLY SELECTS A CMC TO COORDINATE DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES. EACH CMC HAS 17 MEMBERS, NINE OF WHOM MUST BE WOMEN. EACH COMMITTEE IS MADE UP OF SEVERAL COMMISSIONS, INCLUDING HEALTH, ENVIRONMENT, CHILD PROTECTION, EDUCATION, INCOME-GENERATING ACTIVITIES, AND SOCIAL MOBILIZATION, WHICH CONTINUE TO LEAD DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES AND PROMOTE HUMAN RIGHTS-BASED DEVELOPMENT LONG AFTER THE PROGRAM HAS FINISHED. ORGANIZED DIFFUSION: THROUGH ORGANIZED DIFFUSION, THE IMPACT OF THE TOSTAN PROGRAM IS MULTIPLIED. EACH CLASS MEMBER COMMITS TO SHARING THEIR KNOWLEDGE WITH AT LEAST ONE PERSON WITHIN THEIR FAMILY AND WIDER COMMUNITY, PERMITTING NEW IDEAS TO BE SPREAD QUICKLY THROUGH THE COMMUNITY AND BEYOND. EACH PARTNER COMMUNITY ADOPTS ANOTHER COMMUNITY WITHIN THEIR SOCIAL NETWORK, OPENING DIALOGUE AND ALLOWING NEIGHBORING OR INTRAMARRYING COMMUNITIES TO MAKE DECISIONS AS ONE GROUP. OUR WORK OFTEN STRETCHES ACROSS COUNTRY BORDERS TO CREATE IMPACTS ON A REGIONAL SCALE, SUCH AS THE INTERNATIONAL MOVEMENT TO ABANDON FEMALE GENITAL CUTTING (FGC) AND CHILD/FORCED MARRIAGE. TOSTAN ALSO TRAINS DEDICATED SOCIAL MOBILIZATION TEAMS THAT VISIT COMMUNITIES THAT HAVE NEVER PARTICIPATED IN THE COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT PROGRAM TO REINFORCE INFORMATION SHARED THROUGH ORGANIZED DIFFUSION ACTIVITIES ON FGC, HEALTH AND RELIGION, ALLOWING COMMUNITIES TO ASK QUESTIONS AND BEGIN TO EXPLORE THESE ISSUES IN GREATER DEPTH AND ACROSS AGE AND GENDER DIVISIONS. IN 2020 THESE SOCIAL MOBILIZATION TEAMS WORKING BOTH DURING AND AFTER THE CEP VISITED HUNDREDS OF COMMUNITIES AND REACHED THOUSANDS OF PEOPLE. COMMUNITY GRANTS: COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT GRANTS ARE SMALL GRANTS, USUALLY BETWEEN $300 AND $1,000, PROVIDED TO CMCS TO HELP FUND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS AS WELL AS TO ESTABLISH CMC-RUN MICROCREDIT FUNDS. THE ROTATING MICROCREDIT FUNDS SET UP BY THE CMCS HELP VILLAGERS, PARTICULARLY WOMEN, OBTAIN THE INVESTMENT THEY NEED TO START SMALL BUSINESSES, INVEST IN AGRICULTURE, OR TAKE ON OTHER INCOME-GENERATING ACTIVITIES. THE CMCS OPERATE THE MICROCREDIT FUND BASED ON A GROUP-LENDING, REVOLVING-FUNDS SYSTEM. THE CMC WORKS TOGETHER TO SET THE INTEREST RATE AND THE LENGTH OF THE LOANS THEY WILL GRANT. STRONG COMMUNITY TIES HELP ENCOURAGE A HIGH REPAYMENT RATE. THE INTEREST FROM THESE FUNDS IS THEN USED TO EXPAND THE NUMBER OF LOANS AVAILABLE, UNDERTAKE COMMUNITY PROJECTS, OR ESTABLISH A SOLIDARITY FUND FOR CHILDREN'S EDUCATIONAL EXPENSES AND EMERGENCY MEDICAL NEEDS. COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT GRANTS GIVE CMCS AND INDIVIDUAL COMMUNITY MEMBERS THE OPPORTUNITY TO PUT THE LITERACY, NUMERACY, AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT KNOWLEDGE THEY GAINED DURING THE CEP INTO PRACTICE. THESE GRANTS PROVIDE A WAY FOR COMMUNITY MEMBERS TO PARTICIPATE IN INCOME-GENERATING ACTIVITIES, ALLOWING THEM TO PROVIDE FOR THEIR FAMILIES AND SUSTAINABLY INVEST IN THEIR COMMUNITIES. I IN 2020 TOSTAN SUPPORTED THESE GRANTS IN PARTNERSHIP WITH 30 COMMUNITIES IN THE GAMBIA, 40 IN GUINEA, 38 IN GUINEA-BISSAU, 80 IN MALI AND 138 IN SENEGAL. IN TOTAL 6,465 PEOPLE ACCESSED COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT FUNDS TO SUPPORT THEIR INCOME GENERATING ACTIVITIES. MOBILE PHONE FOR LITERACY AND DEVELOPMENT (MPLD) MODULE: THE MODULE FOCUSES ON USING MOBILE PHONE TECHNOLOGY, SPECIFICALLY SMS TEXT MESSAGING, AS A TOOL TO REINFORCE LITERACY AND NUMERACY SKILLS, AND IS NOW AN INTEGRATED PART OF THE CEP. MOBILE PHONES AND THEIR NETWORKS ARE BECOMING INCREASINGLY MORE PREVALENT IN THE COMMUNITIES WITH WHICH WE PARTNER. WE FOUND THAT USING MOBILE PHONE TECHNOLOGY IS A RELEVANT AND INNOVATIVE WAY TO REINFORCE LITERACY AND NUMERACY SKILLS LEARNED IN THE CEP. TOSTAN FACILITATORS TEACH PARTICIPANTS THE PRACTICAL USES OF STANDARD MOBILE PHONE FUNCTIONS AND HOW SMS TEXTING CAN BE USED AS A TOOL TO PRACTICE THEIR LITERACY SKILLS. THE MOBILE PHONES ARE USED TO REINFORCE LITERACY, ORGANIZATION, AND MANAGEMENT SKILLS, AS WELL AS TO BUILD CONSENSUS AROUND LOCAL DEVELOPMENT INITIATIVES. SMS TEXTING BECOMES A SUSTAINABLE AND RELEVANT OPTION FOR REINFORCING LITERACY AND NUMERACY AS ACCESS TO MOBILE PHONE TECHNOLOGY INCREASES. MOBILE PHONES AND SMS TEXT MESSAGING CAN BE USED AS A TOOL TO ACCELERATE POSITIVE SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION. THEY CONNECT WOMEN WITH EACH OTHER AND WITH THEIR COMMUNITIES; AMPLIFY THE VOICE AND INFLUENCE OF YOUTH AND MARGINALIZED GROUPS IN A COMMUNITY'S DECISION-MAKING PROCESS; ORGANIZING ADVOCACY WORK; AND ACCELERATE LARGE-SCALE SOCIAL MOVEMENTS. ALL COMMUNITIES BENEFITING FROM THE CEP (SEE ABOVE) ARE BENEFITTING OR WILL BENEFIT FROM TOSTAN'S MPLD PROGRAMMING DURING THE 3-YEAR CEP PERIOD. THE PEACE AND SECURITY PROGRAM: THE PEACE AND SECURITY PROGRAM REINFORCES CONFLICT PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT SKILLS LEARNED DURING THE CEP THROUGH ADDITIONAL CLASSES OVER SIX MONTHS AND ESTABLISHES A COMMUNITY-LED STRUCTURE TO LEAD AND STRENGTHEN PEACE-BUILDING AND HUMAN SECURITY AT THE COMMUNITY LEVEL. SKILLS LEARNED INCLUDE IMPROVED COMMUNICATION AND PROBLEM-SOLVING SKILLS AS WELL AS THE PEACEFUL RESOLUTION OF COMMUNITY AND FAMILIAL CONFLICTS. IN 2020 TOSTAN DID NOT IMPLEMENT THIS PROGRAM BUT CONTINUED TO PURSUE OPPORTUNITIES AND PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE FUTURE. THE PRISON PROJECT: AIMS TO HELP DETAINEES REINTEGRATE BACK INTO THEIR COMMUNITIES THROUGH PARTICIPATION IN A MODIFIED VERSION OF THE CEP. PARTICIPATION BUILDS THEIR KNOWLEDGE OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND EQUIPS THEM WITH PRACTICAL SKILLS TO START INCOME-GENERATING ACTIVITIES. WE ALSO FACILITATE FAMILY MEDITATIONS TO HELP INTEGRATE FORMER DETAINEES BACK INTO THEIR COMMUNITIES UPON RELEASE. AN INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENT ADDRESSING PRISON CONDITIONS IN AFRICA ALLOWS PRISONS TO FORM PARTNERSHIPS WITH ORGANIZATIONS AND NGOS LIKE TOSTAN TO PROVIDE REHABILITATION SERVICES. THESE SERVICES ENCOURAGE SUCCESSFUL REINTEGRATION OF PRISONERS INTO SOCIETY UPON THEIR RELEASE. AS PART OF THE MODIFIED VERSION OF THE CEP WE IMPLEMENT IN PRISONS, FACILITATORS LEAD CLASS DISCUSSIONS ON TOPICS INCLUDING HUMAN RIGHTS EDUCATION, PROBLEM SOLVING, HYGIENE, HEALTH, AND LITERACY, AS WELL AS PROVIDE FAMILY MEDIATION AND SKILL TRAININGS IN PROJECT MANAGEMENT AND INCOME-GENERATING ACTIVITIES. UPON RELEASE, PARTICIPANTS ALSO HAVE ACCESS TO START-UP FUNDS FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF SMALL BUSINESSES. THE REVENUE GENERATED FROM THE SKILLS TRAININGS AND ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES OF THE PRISONERS WHO ARE STILL IMPRISONED MAKE THESE FUNDS POSSIBLE. IN 2020 THE PRISON PROJECT (PP) WORKED IN NINE SENEGALESE PRISONS. IN 2020, 395 DETAINEES PARTICIPATED IN CEP SESSIONS ON DEMOCRACY, HUMAN RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES, PROBLEM SOLVING, HEALTH AND HYGIENE, AND PRACTICAL SKILLS IN LITERACY, NUMERACY, PROJECT MANAGEMENT AND INCOME GENERATING ACTIVITIES. TOSTAN SUPERVISORS HELD AN ADDITIONAL 14 AWARENESS-RAISING SESSIONS TO REINFORCE CLASS CONTENT AND DEAL WITH SPECIFIC ISSUES RELEVANT TO EACH PRISON, SUCH AS INFECTIOUS DISEASE TRANSMISSION.SEVERAL INITIATIVES TO IMPROVE LIVING CONDITIONS WERE LED BY DETAINEES INCLUDING CELL CLEANING DAYS; SPORTS COMPETITIONS; COOKING; AND CLASSES TEACHING WOLOF, FRENCH AND ENGLISH AND THE INTERPRETATION OF RELIGIOUS TEXTS. TOSTAN STAFF FACILITATED A TOTAL OF 111 IN-PERSON MEDIATIONS AND 1520 TELEPHONE MEDIATIONS. 147 DETAINEES WERE TRAINED IN INCOME-GENERATING ACTIVITIES SUCH AS POULTRY FARMING, FABRIC DYEING, SHOE AND BAG MAKING, MARKET GARDENING, AND FRUIT AND CEREAL PROCESSING.
FORM 990, PART III, LINE 4A, DESCRIPTION OF PROGRAM SERVICE:	B. TRAINING AND REPLICATION TOSTAN HAS BUILT TRAINING PROGRAMS AND PARTNERSHIP MODELS DESIGNED TO SHARE THE ORGANIZATION'S CONTENT, APPROACH, METHODOLOGY AND STRATEGY WITH A RANGE OF POTENTIAL PARTNERS. EACH YEAR THE TOSTAN TRAINING CENTER (THE TTC WELCOMES INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PRACTITIONERS AND GRASSROOTS LEADERS FROM ALL OVER THE WORLD TO SENEGAL TO LEARN ABOUT TOSTAN'S MODEL. NGO LEADERS, HUMAN RIGHTS ACTIVISTS AND ACADEMICS, RELIGIOUS LEADERS AND OTHERS COME TOGETHER TO LEARN AND EXCHANGE ON TOSTAN'S PROGRAM CONTENT, HUMAN RIGHTS APPROACH, PARTICIPATORY METHODOLOGY AND ORGANIZED DIFFUSION STRATEGY. PARTICIPANTS EXPLORE THE THEORIES AND PRACTICES OF HOLISTIC COMMUNITY-LED DEVELOPMENT, VISIT VILLAGES THAT HAVE ENDED FGC AND CHILD MARRIAGE AFTER PARTICIPATING IN THE COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT PROGRAM, AND DISCUSS EDUCATIONAL STRATEGIES FOR CHANGING DEEPLY ENTRENCHED SOCIAL NORMS WITH STAFF WORKING IN THE FIELD. THEY ALSO PARTICIPATE IN HUMAN RIGHTS SESSIONS DRAWN FROM THE TOSTAN PROGRAM AND COVER IMPORTANT LESSONS LEARNED FROM OVER 27 YEARS OF IMPLEMENTATION. IN 2020 21 PEOPLE FROM 11 COUNTRIES (ZIMBABWE, MALAWI, KENYA, SWEDEN, ZAMBIA, DENMARK, GREAT BRITAIN, ETHIOPIA, NEPAL, GUINEA BISSAU, ITALY) ATTENDED TOSTAN TRAININGS. BY THE END OF 2020, TOSTAN TRAINING CENTER HAD REACHED A TOTAL OF 607 ALUMNI FROM 48 COUNTRIES AND ALSO CREATED NETWORKS WITHIN EACH TRAINING COHORT USING WHATSAPP GROUPS. IN 2020, TOSTAN ALSO CONTINUED ITS RECENT TRAINING AND SHARING EFFORTS IN NIGERIA, WHERE IT IS BUILDING LONG-TERM PARTNERSHIPS TO SUPPORT THE SCALE OF WELL-BEING. THE ORGANIZATION NOT ONLY CONDUCTED A SERIES OF COVID-ADAPTED TRAININGS BUT ALSO ADVANCED PARTNERSHIPS WITH LOCAL ORGANIZATIONS, NETWORKS AND LEADERS, THE FORD FOUNDATION AND THE BILL AND MELINDA GATES FOUNDATION, THE WORLD BANK AND THE GOVERNMENT OF NIGERIA. MAJOR 2020 ACTIVITIES IN NIGERIA INCLUDED: - A TWO-WEEK SCOPING EXERCISE, ENGAGING 14 CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS (CSOS) AND RELIGIOUS LEADER NETWORKS (RLNS) IN BOTH ABUJA AND LAGOS, IN ORDER TO IDENTIFY POTENTIAL NETWORKS/PARTNERS. - TWO ORIENTATION SEMINARS, ORGANIZED TO SENSITIZE CSOS AND RLNS ON TOSTAN'S MODEL, REACHING 20 CSOS AND 12 RLNS NETWORK LEADERS. - INITIAL IN-PERSON AND VIRTUAL CONSULTATIONS TO AID PLANNING OF ACTIVITIES TO EXPLORE A FUTURE PARTNERSHIP BETWEEN THE WORLD BANK, TOSTAN AND NFWP PROJECT STAFF. THESE SEMINARS ENABLED PARTICIPANTS TO LEARN AND EXPERIENCE THE PRINCIPLES AND METHODOLOGY OF TOSTAN'S PROVEN MODEL. TRAINING AND REPLICATION MODELS: SINCE 2018 TOSTAN HAS UNDERTAKEN A SCALE MODELING PROCESS TO PROVIDE THE ORGANIZATION WITH CONCRETE TOOLS AND BEST PRACTICES FOR SCALING COMMUNITY WELLBEING. IN 2020 THIS STRATEGIC SCALE PLANNING EFFORT FOCUSED ON THE ORGANIZATION'S TRAINING AND REPLICATION PATHWAY, WITH PARTICULAR ATTENTION PAID TOWARD HOW THE ORGANIZATION MAY WORK WITH AFFILIATED ORGANIZATIONS IN THE FUTURE. C. GLOBAL INFLUENCE AND RECOGNITION: TOSTAN IS INCREASINGLY SEEKING WAYS IN WHICH TO EXCHANGE WITH AND INFLUENCE THE GLOBAL COMMUNITY THAT SUPPORTS THE EMERGENCE OF COMMUNITY WELL-BEING. THROUGH PARTICIPATION IN GLOBAL AND REGIONAL CONFERENCES AS WELL AS MEMBERSHIP IN NETWORKS OF THOUGHT-LEADERS AND PARTNERS, TOSTAN WAS ABLE TO POSITION ITSELF AS A LEADER IN THE GLOBAL CONVERSATION ON SYSTEMS CHANGE. IN 2020 TOSTAN HOSTED A RANGE OF WEBINARS WITH COMMUNITY MEMBERS, PARTNERS, AND GLOBAL THOUGHT LEADERS. THE ORGANIZATION AND ITS LEADERSHIP AND PROGRAMS WERE FEATURED IN MANY NEWS ARTICLES IN LEADING NEWS AGENCIES, REFERENCED IN ACADEMIC PUBLICATIONS. THE ORGANIZATION ALSO ALSO PARTICIPATED IN A WIDE RANGE OF CONFERENCES AT LOCAL AND GLOBAL LEVEL. THESE ARTICLES AND EVENTS ARE DOCUMENTED AND AVAILABLE VIA TOSTAN'S WEBSITE. 2021, 2022, AND BEYOND: FUTURE PERSPECTIVES. AT THE CLOSE OF 2020 TOSTAN'S ANNUAL PLAN FOR 2021 INCLUDES CONTINUED PROGRAMMATIC INVESTMENTS IN ALL THREE OF THE PATHWAYS TOSTAN IS FOLLOWING IN ORDER TO SCALE COMMUNITY WELL-BEING: DIRECT IMPLEMENTATION, TRAINING AND REPLICATION, AND GLOBAL INFLUENCE. TOSTAN IS ALSO CONTINUING ITS EFFORTS TO FURTHER PREPARE THE ORGANIZATION FOR SCALE THROUGH STRENGTHENING ITS ORGANIZATION ACROSS ALL DIMENSIONS. ACROSS ALL PROGRAMS AND OPERATIONS THE ORGANIZATION CONTINUES TO NAVIGATE IN WAYS THAT ARE RESPONSIVE TO THE REALITIES OF COVID-19, WITH STAFF AND COMMUNITY HEALTH AND SAFETY BEING TOP PRIORITY. TOSTAN'S STRATEGIC ENGAGEMENT PLAN FOR 2019-2022 WILL COME TO A CLOSE IN 2022 AND THUS THE ORGANIZATION WILL IN 2021 BEGIN SHAPING ITS NEXT STRATEGIC PERIOD, WHICH WILL POTENTIALLY EXTEND FROM 2023-2030.
FORM 990, PART I LINE 5 AND PART V, LINE 2A:	THE ORGANIZATION ALSO HAS ADDITIONAL STAFF OF 729 LOCATED IN AFRICA.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 11B	THE FORM 990 WAS PREPARED BY THE OUTSIDE ACCOUNTANTS. A DRAFT OF THE RETURN WAS REVIEWED BY SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND FINANCE COMMITTEE. THE FINAL FORM 990 WAS PROVIDED TO THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS BEFORE FILING WITH THE IRS.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 12C	ALL EMPLOYEES AND BOARD MEMBERS ARE ASKED TO ANNUALLY SUBMIT ANY CONFLICTS OF INTEREST IN WRITING. NEW HIRES WILL BE ASKED IF THERE IS A CONFLICT AND NOTICE WILL BE GIVEN TO THE SENIOR MANAGEMENT IMMEDIATELY AND BOARD YEARLY. IF A CONFLICT ARISES, THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS DETERMINE WHETHER THE CONFLICT EXISTS AND, IF SO, THE BOARD VOTES TO AUTHORIZE OR REJECT THE TRANSACTION OR TAKE ANY OTHER ACTION DEEMED NECESSARY TO ADDRESS THE CONFLICT AND PROTECT TOSTAN'S BEST INTERESTS. BOARD MEMBERS HAVE A DUTY TO DISCLOSE ANY POSSIBLE CONFLICT OF INTEREST. THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS DETERMINES WHETHER A CONFLICT OF INTEREST EXISTS AND, IF SO THE BOARD VOTES TO AUTHORIZE OR REJECT THE TRANSACTION OR TAKE ANY OTHER ACTION DEEMED NECESSARY TO ADDRESS THE CONFLICT AND PROTECT TOSTAN'S BEST INTERESTS. VOTES WILL BE BY A MAJORITY VOTE, WITHOUT COUNTING THE VOTE OF ANY INTERESTED DIRECTOR, EVEN IF THE DISINTERESTED DIRECTORS ARE LESS THAN A QUORUM PROVIDED THAT AT LEAST ONE CONSENTING DIRECTOR IS DISINTERESTED. AN INTERESTED BOARD MEMBER, OFFICER, OR STAFF MEMBER WILL NOT PARTICIPATE IN ANY DISCUSSION OR DEBATE OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS, OR OF ANY COMMITTEE OR SUBCOMMITTEE IN WHICH THE SUBJECT OF DISCUSSION IS A CONTRACT, TRANSACTION, OR SITUATION IN WHICH THERE MAY BE A PERCEIVED OR ACTUAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST. HOWEVER, THEY MAY BE PRESENT TO PROVIDE CLARIFYING INFORMATION IN SUCH A DISCUSSION OR DEBATE UNLESS OBJECTED TO BY ANY PRESENT BOARD OR COMMITTEE MEMBER. ANYONE IN A POSITION TO MAKE DECISIONS ABOUT SPENDING TOSTAN'S RESOURCES (I.E., TRANSACTIONS SUCH AS PURCHASES CONTRACTS) - WHO ALSO STANDS TO BENEFIT FROM THAT DECISION - HAS A DUTY TO DISCLOSE THAT CONFLICT AS SOON AS IT ARISES (OR BECOMES APPARENT); S/HE WILL NOT PARTICIPATE IN ANY FINAL DECISIONS.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 15	THE BOARD COMMITTEE REVIEWS COMPARABLE SALARIES BEFORE MAKING ANY RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SENIOR STAFF SALARIES. THE PROCESS IS DOCUMENTED. A REVIEW WAS LAST CONDUCTED IN JANUARY 2018. THE BOARD COMMITTEE ALSO REVIEWS COMPARABLE SALARIES BEFORE MAKING ANY RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE KEY EMPLOYEES SALARIES. THE PROCESS IS DOCUMENTED. TOSTAN'S COMPENSATION POLICY IS TO PAY AT THE 25TH PERCENTILE OF THE MARKET FOR SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND TOWARDS THE 75TH PERCENTILE FOR AROUND 589 AFRICAN STAFF MEMBERS IN THE FIELD.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION C, LINE 19	THE ORGANIZATION MAKES ITS GOVERNING DOCUMENTS, CONFLICT OF INTEREST POLICY, AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AVAILABLE TO THE PUBLIC UPON REQUEST.
FORM 990, PART IX, LINE 11G	PROFESSIONAL FEES: PROGRAM SERVICE EXPENSES 414,640. MANAGEMENT AND GENERAL EXPENSES 196,033. FUNDRAISING EXPENSES 109,407. TOTAL EXPENSES 720,080.
FORM 990, PART XI, LINE 9:	EXCHANGE RATE GAIN/LOSS 143,962.
FORM 990 - AMENDED RETURN:	THIS RETURN IS BEING AMENDED TO UPDATE THE FOLLOWING: - FORM 990, PART I, LINE 5 AND PART V, LINE 2A NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES REPORTED ON FORM W-3. - FORM 990, PART VIII, LINES 1E AND 1F BREAKOUT OF CONTRIBUTIONS BETWEEN GOVERNMENT AND OTHER. - SCHEDULE E PART II, LINE 6 DISCLOSURE OF GOVERNMENT ASSISTANCE AMOUNT.