ATWOOD SECOND CENTURY DEVELOPMENT FUND INC: Form 990, tax year 2024

View the entire original 990 at ProPublica ↗

Organization
ATWOOD SECOND CENTURY DEVELOPMENT FUND INC (EIN 48-0906271)
Tax period
2024-01-01 to 2024-12-31
Filed
2025-05-25
IRS object ID
202541459349300004
Schema version
2024v5.1
Source
Download XML · Original 990 at ProPublica

Every field in the e-filed return. Faint text is the IRS element name, for citing.

Return header ReturnHeader

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Return2025-05-25T20:57:58-04:00ReturnTs
Tax Period End2024-12-31TaxPeriodEndDt

Preparer Firm PreparerFirmGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Preparer Firm EIN480669901PreparerFirmEIN

Preparer Firm Name PreparerFirmName

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1Brown Creighton PeckhamBusinessNameLine1Txt

Preparer US Address PreparerUSAddress

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Address Line1308 Main PO Box 46AddressLine1Txt
CityAtwoodCityNm
State AbbreviationKSStateAbbreviationCd
ZIP67730ZIPCd
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Return Type990ReturnTypeCd
Tax Period Begin2024-01-01TaxPeriodBeginDt

Filer Filer

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
EIN480906271EIN

Business Name BusinessName

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1Atwood Second Century Development Fund IncBusinessNameLine1Txt
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
In Care Of% Charles A PeckhamInCareOfNm
Business Name ControlPECKBusinessNameControlTxt
Phone7856263295PhoneNum

US Address USAddress

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Address Line1PO Box 46AddressLine1Txt
CityAtwoodCityNm
State AbbreviationKSStateAbbreviationCd
ZIP67730ZIPCd

Business Officer BusinessOfficerGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
PersonCHARLES A PECKHAMPersonNm
Person TitlePresidentPersonTitleTxt
Phone7856263295PhoneNum
Signature2025-05-11SignatureDt
Discuss With Paid PreparerfalseDiscussWithPaidPreparerInd
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
IRS Responsible Prty Info CurrYes (true)IRSResponsiblePrtyInfoCurrInd

Preparer Person PreparerPersonGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Preparer PersonCHARLES A PECKHAMPreparerPersonNm
PTINP01212025PTIN
Phone7856263295PhoneNum
Preparation2025-05-25PreparationDt
Self EmployedYes (X)SelfEmployedInd
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Tax2024TaxYr
Build TS2025-03-06 01:10:19ZBuildTS

Form 990 IRS990

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Name ChangeYes (X)NameChangeInd
Gross Receipts$100,366GrossReceiptsAmt
Group Return For AffiliatesfalseGroupReturnForAffiliatesInd
Organization501c3Yes (X)Organization501c3Ind
Type Of Organization CorpYes (X)TypeOfOrganizationCorpInd
Formation1980FormationYr
Legal Domicile StateKSLegalDomicileStateCd
Activity Or MissionOrganizatoin seeks to promote the overall community of Atwood, Ks and its area. Greants are given to support various communit groupos and improve and maintain public facilities to promote economic and community development.ActivityOrMissionDesc
Voting Members Governing Body8VotingMembersGoverningBodyCnt
Voting Members Independent8VotingMembersIndependentCnt
Total Employee0TotalEmployeeCnt
Total Gross UBI$0TotalGrossUBIAmt
Net Unrelated Bus Txbl Incm$0NetUnrelatedBusTxblIncmAmt
PY Contributions Grants$34,111PYContributionsGrantsAmt
CY Contributions Grants$775CYContributionsGrantsAmt
CY Program Service Revenue$0CYProgramServiceRevenueAmt
PY Investment Income$40,009PYInvestmentIncomeAmt
CY Investment Income$82,606CYInvestmentIncomeAmt
PY Other Revenue$4,851PYOtherRevenueAmt
CY Other Revenue$9,154CYOtherRevenueAmt
PY Total Revenue$78,971PYTotalRevenueAmt
CY Total Revenue$92,535CYTotalRevenueAmt
PY Grants And Similar Paid$65,350PYGrantsAndSimilarPaidAmt
CY Grants And Similar Paid$51,528CYGrantsAndSimilarPaidAmt
CY Benefits Paid To Members$0CYBenefitsPaidToMembersAmt
CY Salaries Comp Emp Bnft Paid$0CYSalariesCompEmpBnftPaidAmt
CY Total Prof Fndrsng Expns$0CYTotalProfFndrsngExpnsAmt
CY Total Fundraising Expense$0CYTotalFundraisingExpenseAmt
PY Other Expenses$11,678PYOtherExpensesAmt
CY Other Expenses$14,540CYOtherExpensesAmt
PY Total Expenses$77,028PYTotalExpensesAmt
CY Total Expenses$66,068CYTotalExpensesAmt
PY Revenues Less Expenses$1,943PYRevenuesLessExpensesAmt
CY Revenues Less Expenses$26,467CYRevenuesLessExpensesAmt
Total Assets BOY$2,341,381TotalAssetsBOYAmt
Total Assets EOY$2,796,947TotalAssetsEOYAmt
Total Liabilities EOY$0TotalLiabilitiesEOYAmt
Net Assets Or Fund Balances BOY$2,341,381NetAssetsOrFundBalancesBOYAmt
Net Assets Or Fund Balances EOY$2,796,947NetAssetsOrFundBalancesEOYAmt
MissionOrganizatoin seeks to promote the overall community of Atwood, Ks and its area. Greants are given to support various communit groupos and improve and maintain public facilities to promote economic and community development.MissionDesc
Significant New Program SrvcfalseSignificantNewProgramSrvcInd
Significant ChangefalseSignificantChangeInd
Expense$51,867ExpenseAmt
Grant$51,528GrantAmt
Revenue$91,760RevenueAmt
DescProvides support for community organizations and provides and maintains public facilities and promotes economic and community development.Desc
Total Program Service Expenses$51,867TotalProgramServiceExpensesAmt
Described In Section501c3Yes (true)DescribedInSection501c3Ind
Schedule B RequiredfalseScheduleBRequiredInd
Political Campaign ActyfalsePoliticalCampaignActyInd
Lobbying ActivitiesfalseLobbyingActivitiesInd
Subject To Proxy TaxfalseSubjectToProxyTaxInd
Donor Advised FundfalseDonorAdvisedFundInd
Conservation EasementsfalseConservationEasementsInd
Collections Of ArtfalseCollectionsOfArtInd
Credit CounselingfalseCreditCounselingInd
Donor Rstr Or Quasi EndowmentsfalseDonorRstrOrQuasiEndowmentsInd
Report Land Building EquipmentYes (true)ReportLandBuildingEquipmentInd
Report Investments Other SecfalseReportInvestmentsOtherSecInd
Report Program Related InvstYes (true)ReportProgramRelatedInvstInd
Report Other AssetsfalseReportOtherAssetsInd
Report Other LiabilitiesfalseReportOtherLiabilitiesInd
Include FIN48 FootnotefalseIncludeFIN48FootnoteInd
Independent Audit Fincl StmtfalseIndependentAuditFinclStmtInd
Consolidated Audit Fincl StmtfalseConsolidatedAuditFinclStmtInd
School OperatingfalseSchoolOperatingInd
Foreign OfficefalseForeignOfficeInd
Foreign ActivitiesfalseForeignActivitiesInd
More Than5000 K To OrgfalseMoreThan5000KToOrgInd
More Than5000 K To IndividualsfalseMoreThan5000KToIndividualsInd
Professional FundraisingfalseProfessionalFundraisingInd
Fundraising ActivitiesfalseFundraisingActivitiesInd
Gaming ActivitiesfalseGamingActivitiesInd
Operate HospitalfalseOperateHospitalInd
Grants To OrganizationsfalseGrantsToOrganizationsInd
Grants To IndividualsfalseGrantsToIndividualsInd
Schedule J RequiredfalseScheduleJRequiredInd
Tax Exempt BondsfalseTaxExemptBondsInd
Engaged In Excess Benefit TransfalseEngagedInExcessBenefitTransInd
PY Excess Benefit TransfalsePYExcessBenefitTransInd
Loan OutstandingfalseLoanOutstandingInd
Grant To Related PersonfalseGrantToRelatedPersonInd
Business Rln With Org MemfalseBusinessRlnWithOrgMemInd
Business Rln With Fam MemfalseBusinessRlnWithFamMemInd
Business Rln With35 Ctrl EntfalseBusinessRlnWith35CtrlEntInd
Deductible Non Cash ContrifalseDeductibleNonCashContriInd
Deductible Art ContributionfalseDeductibleArtContributionInd
Terminate OperationsfalseTerminateOperationsInd
Partial LiquidationfalsePartialLiquidationInd
Disregarded EntityfalseDisregardedEntityInd
Related EntityfalseRelatedEntityInd
Related Organization Ctrl EntfalseRelatedOrganizationCtrlEntInd
Trnsfr Exmpt Non Chrtbl Rltd OrgfalseTrnsfrExmptNonChrtblRltdOrgInd
Activities Conducted PrtshpfalseActivitiesConductedPrtshpInd
Schedule O RequiredYes (true)ScheduleORequiredInd
IRP Document0IRPDocumentCnt
IRP Document W2 G0IRPDocumentW2GCnt
Backup Wthld ComplianceYes (true)BackupWthldComplianceInd
Employee0EmployeeCnt
Unrelated Bus Incm Over LimitfalseUnrelatedBusIncmOverLimitInd
Foreign Financial AccountfalseForeignFinancialAccountInd
Prohibited Tax Shelter TransfalseProhibitedTaxShelterTransInd
Taxable Party NotificationfalseTaxablePartyNotificationInd
Nondeductible ContributionsfalseNondeductibleContributionsInd
Indoor Tanning ServicesfalseIndoorTanningServicesInd
Subj To Tax Rmnrtn Ex Prcht PymtfalseSubjToTaxRmnrtnExPrchtPymtInd
Subject To Excs Tax Net Invst IncfalseSubjectToExcsTaxNetInvstIncInd
Info In Schedule O Part VIYes (X)InfoInScheduleOPartVIInd
Governing Body Voting Members8GoverningBodyVotingMembersCnt
Independent Voting Member8IndependentVotingMemberCnt
Family Or Business RlnfalseFamilyOrBusinessRlnInd
Delegation Of Mgmt DutiesfalseDelegationOfMgmtDutiesInd
Change To Org DocumentsfalseChangeToOrgDocumentsInd
Material Diversion Or MisusefalseMaterialDiversionOrMisuseInd
Members Or StockholdersfalseMembersOrStockholdersInd
Election Of Board MembersfalseElectionOfBoardMembersInd
Decisions Subject To ApprovafalseDecisionsSubjectToApprovaInd
Minutes Of Governing BodyYes (true)MinutesOfGoverningBodyInd
Minutes Of CommitteesYes (true)MinutesOfCommitteesInd
Officer Mailing AddressfalseOfficerMailingAddressInd
Local ChaptersfalseLocalChaptersInd
Form990 Provided To Gvrn BodyfalseForm990ProvidedToGvrnBodyInd
Conflict Of Interest PolicyYes (true)ConflictOfInterestPolicyInd
Annual Disclosure Covered PrsnYes (true)AnnualDisclosureCoveredPrsnInd
Regular Monitoring EnfrcfalseRegularMonitoringEnfrcInd
Whistleblower PolicyfalseWhistleblowerPolicyInd
Document Retention PolicyfalseDocumentRetentionPolicyInd
Compensation Process CEOfalseCompensationProcessCEOInd
Compensation Process OtherfalseCompensationProcessOtherInd
Investment In Joint VenturefalseInvestmentInJointVentureInd
States Where Copy Of Return Is FldKSStatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
Upon RequestYes (X)UponRequestInd

Books In Care Of Detail BooksInCareOfDetail

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
PersonJessica Miller Farmers Bank TrustPersonNm
Phone7856263233PhoneNum

US Address USAddress

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Address Line1P0 Box 46AddressLine1Txt
CityAtwoodCityNm
State AbbreviationKSStateAbbreviationCd
ZIP67730ZIPCd
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
No Listed Persons CompensatedYes (X)NoListedPersonsCompensatedInd

Form990 Part VII Section A Form990PartVIISectionAGrp (9 entries)

TitleTitleTxtAverage Hours Per WeekAverageHoursPerWeekRtAverage Hours Per Week Rltd OrgAverageHoursPerWeekRltdOrgRtIndividual Trustee Or DirectorIndividualTrusteeOrDirectorIndReportable Comp From OrgReportableCompFromOrgAmtReportable Comp From Rltd OrgReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmtOther CompensationOtherCompensationAmt
Lynette Kanak
Board Member0.000.00Yes (X)$0$0$0
Denise Maaske
Board Member2.000.00Yes (X)$0$0$0
Kelsey Green
Board Member2.000.00Yes (X)$0$0$0
Janet Stice
Board Member2.000.00Yes (X)$0$0$0
Jared Holste
Board Member2.000.00Yes (X)$0$0$0
Cathy Horton
Board Member2.000.00Yes (X)$0$0$0
Lori Colgan
Board Member2.000.00Yes (X)$0$0$0
Jessica Miller
Executive Director4.000.00Yes (X)$0$0$0
Brad Zimmerman
Board Member2.000.00Yes (X)$0$0$0
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Reportable Comp From Org$0TotalReportableCompFromOrgAmt
Tot Reportable Comp Rltd Org$0TotReportableCompRltdOrgAmt
Total Other Compensation$0TotalOtherCompensationAmt
Indiv Rcvd Greater Than100 K0IndivRcvdGreaterThan100KCnt
Former Ofcr Employees ListedfalseFormerOfcrEmployeesListedInd
Total Comp Greater Than150 KfalseTotalCompGreaterThan150KInd
Compensation From Other SrcsfalseCompensationFromOtherSrcsInd
Fundraising$775FundraisingAmt
Total Contributions$775TotalContributionsAmt

Investment Income InvestmentIncomeGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column$82,606TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Related Or Exempt Func Income$82,606RelatedOrExemptFuncIncomeAmt

Gross Rents GrossRentsGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Real$16,985RealAmt

Less Rental Expenses LessRentalExpensesGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Real$7,831RealAmt

Rental Income Or Loss RentalIncomeOrLossGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Real$9,154RealAmt

Net Rental Income Or Loss NetRentalIncomeOrLossGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column$9,154TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Related Or Exempt Func Income$9,154RelatedOrExemptFuncIncomeAmt
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Contri Rpt Fundraising Event$775ContriRptFundraisingEventAmt

Net Incm From Fundraising Evt NetIncmFromFundraisingEvtGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column$0TotalRevenueColumnAmt

Total Revenue TotalRevenueGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column$92,535TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Related Or Exempt Func Income$91,760RelatedOrExemptFuncIncomeAmt
Unrelated Business Revenue$0UnrelatedBusinessRevenueAmt
Exclusion$0ExclusionAmt

Grants To Domestic Orgs GrantsToDomesticOrgsGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$51,528TotalAmt
Program Services$51,528ProgramServicesAmt

Fees For Services Legal FeesForServicesLegalGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$860TotalAmt
Management And General$860ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Fees For Srvc Invst Mgmnt Fees FeesForSrvcInvstMgmntFeesGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$13,162TotalAmt
Management And General$13,162ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Fees For Services Other FeesForServicesOtherGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$179TotalAmt
Management And General$179ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Advertising AdvertisingGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$288TotalAmt
Program Services$288ProgramServicesAmt

Office Expenses OfficeExpensesGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$51TotalAmt
Program Services$51ProgramServicesAmt

Total Functional Expenses TotalFunctionalExpensesGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$66,068TotalAmt
Program Services$51,867ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General$14,201ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising$0FundraisingAmt

Cash Non Interest Bearing CashNonInterestBearingGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$74,124BOYAmt
EOY$66,377EOYAmt

Savings And Temp Cash Invst SavingsAndTempCashInvstGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$824,623BOYAmt
EOY$824,623EOYAmt
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Land Bldg Equip Cost Or Other Bss$593,330LandBldgEquipCostOrOtherBssAmt

Land Bldg Equip Basis Net LandBldgEquipBasisNetGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$657,600BOYAmt
EOY$593,330EOYAmt

Investments Program Related InvestmentsProgramRelatedGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$785,034BOYAmt
EOY$1,312,617EOYAmt

Total Assets TotalAssetsGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$2,341,381BOYAmt
EOY$2,796,947EOYAmt

Total Liabilities TotalLiabilitiesGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$0BOYAmt
EOY$0EOYAmt
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Organization Follows FASB117Yes (X)OrganizationFollowsFASB117Ind

No Donor Restriction Net Assets NoDonorRestrictionNetAssetsGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$2,341,381BOYAmt
EOY$2,796,947EOYAmt

Total Net Assets Fund Balance TotalNetAssetsFundBalanceGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$2,341,381BOYAmt
EOY$2,796,947EOYAmt

Tot Liab Net Assets Fund Balance TotLiabNetAssetsFundBalanceGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$2,341,381BOYAmt
EOY$2,796,947EOYAmt
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Info In Schedule O Part XIYes (X)InfoInScheduleOPartXIInd
Reconcilation Revenue Expnss$26,467ReconcilationRevenueExpnssAmt
Other Changes In Net Assets$429,099OtherChangesInNetAssetsAmt
Method Of Accounting CashYes (X)MethodOfAccountingCashInd
Accountant Compile Or ReviewfalseAccountantCompileOrReviewInd
FS AuditedfalseFSAuditedInd
Federal Grant Audit RequiredfalseFederalGrantAuditRequiredInd

Schedule A IRS990ScheduleA

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Public Organization170Yes (X)PublicOrganization170Ind

Gifts Grants Contri Rcvd170 GiftsGrantsContriRcvd170Grp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Current Tax Year Minus4 Years$1,275CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus3 Years$10,051CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus2 Years$1,025CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus1 Year$34,111CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt
Current Tax Year$775CurrentTaxYearAmt
Total$47,237TotalAmt

Total Calendar Year170 TotalCalendarYear170Grp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Current Tax Year Minus4 Years$1,275CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus3 Years$10,051CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus2 Years$1,025CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus1 Year$34,111CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt
Current Tax Year$775CurrentTaxYearAmt
Total$47,237TotalAmt
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Public Support Total170$47,237PublicSupportTotal170Amt

Gross Investment Income170 GrossInvestmentIncome170Grp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Current Tax Year Minus4 Years$62,466CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus3 Years$98,034CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus2 Years$76,145CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus1 Year$41,694CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt
Current Tax Year$82,606CurrentTaxYearAmt
Total$360,945TotalAmt
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Support$408,182TotalSupportAmt
Public Support CY1700.11570PublicSupportCY170Pct
Public Support PY1700.07100PublicSupportPY170Pct
Private Foundation170Yes (X)PrivateFoundation170Ind

Schedule D IRS990ScheduleD

Land LandGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Investment Cost Or Other Basis$593,330InvestmentCostOrOtherBasisAmt
Book Value$593,330BookValueAmt
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Book Value Land Buildings$593,330TotalBookValueLandBuildingsAmt

Invst Program Related Org InvstProgramRelatedOrgGrp (5 entries)

DescDescBook ValueBookValueAmtMethod ValuationMethodValuationCd
Avantax formerly HD Vest$805,992F
Royal Alliance$28,993F
Edward Jones$37,524F
Edward Jones$417,719F
Ameriprise$22,389F
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Book Value Program Rltd$1,312,617TotalBookValueProgramRltdAmt

Schedule I IRS990ScheduleI

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Grant Records MaintainedYes (true)GrantRecordsMaintainedInd

Recipient Table RecipientTable (21 entries)

Address Line1USAddress/AddressLine1TxtCityUSAddress/CityNmState AbbreviationUSAddress/StateAbbreviationCdZIPUSAddress/ZIPCd
Atwood Ambassadors
4th StreetAtwoodKS67730
Atwood Township
Lake RoadAtwoodKS67730
Main Street Foundation
5th StreetAtwoodKS67730
Rawlins County Health Department
216 South 4thAtwoodKS67730
Rawlins County Dental Clinic
State StreetAtwoodKS67730
Good Samaritan Center
650 Lake RoadAtwoodKS67730
Developmental Services of Nw Kansas
208 StateAtwoodKS67730
Good Samaritan Tower Garden
605 Lake RoadAtwoodKS67730
Responsible Pet Progream
South 4thAtwoodKS67730
Atwood Housing Authoority
801 South 3rdAtwoodKS67730
Simply produce
4th StreetAtwoodKS67730
Rawlins
Rawlins County Health CenterAtwoodKS67730
Atwood Lions Club
503 North 3rdAtwoodKS67730
Atwood Public Library
Main StreetAtwoodKS67730
Rawlins Core Community Program
PO Box 184AtwoodKS67730
Robotics
High SchoolAtwoodKS67730
Atwood After Prom
High SchoolAtwoodKS67730
Boy Scouts
Pearl StreetAtwoodKS67730
Atwood Kid Wrestling
2000AtwoodKS67730
Chardon 4H Club
Road XMc DonaldKS67745
Creative Movements
State StreetAtwoodKS67730

Schedule O IRS990ScheduleO

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail (3 entries)

Form And Line ReferenceFormAndLineReferenceDescExplanationExplanationTxt
Form 990 governing body review Part VI line 11No Review was conducted or will be conducted by Board as a whole; President or Secretary reviews
Governing documents etc available to public Part VI line 19/ Section C Line 19: All documents areavailable to the public upon request to a member of the board of directors
Explanation of other changes in net assets or fund balances Part XI line 9Part XI Line 9 Change in change in value of investments

Comments

Anonymous: no account or email. Up to 2,000 characters, at most one link. Comments are checked automatically; some wait for review.