PUBLIC LIBRARY OF SCIENCE: Form 990, tax year 2022

View the entire original 990 at ProPublica ↗

Organization: PUBLIC LIBRARY OF SCIENCE (EIN 68-0492065)
Tax period: 2022-01-01 to 2022-12-31
Filed: 2023-11-14
IRS object ID: 202323189349313927
Schema version: 2022v5.0
Source: Download XML · Original 990 at ProPublica

Every field in the e-filed return. Faint text is the IRS element name, for citing.

Return header
Form 990
Schedule A
Schedule B
Schedule D
Schedule F
Schedule J
Schedule O
Schedule R

Return header ReturnHeader

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Return	2023-11-14T15:32:03-06:00	ReturnTs
Tax Period End	2022-12-31	TaxPeriodEndDt

Preparer Firm PreparerFirmGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Preparer Firm EIN	946214841	PreparerFirmEIN

Preparer Firm Name PreparerFirmName

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1	ARMANINO LLP	BusinessNameLine1Txt

Preparer US Address PreparerUSAddress

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Address Line1	2700 CAMINO RAMON STE 350	AddressLine1Txt
City	SAN RAMON	CityNm
State Abbreviation	CA	StateAbbreviationCd
ZIP	945835004	ZIPCd

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Return Type	990	ReturnTypeCd
Tax Period Begin	2022-01-01	TaxPeriodBeginDt

Filer Filer

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
EIN	680492065	EIN

Business Name BusinessName

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1	PUBLIC LIBRARY OF SCIENCE	BusinessNameLine1Txt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Business Name Control	PUBL	BusinessNameControlTxt
Phone	4156241200	PhoneNum

US Address USAddress

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Address Line1	1265 BATTERY STREET STE 200	AddressLine1Txt
City	SAN FRANCISCO	CityNm
State Abbreviation	CA	StateAbbreviationCd
ZIP	94111	ZIPCd

Business Officer BusinessOfficerGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Person	KATHRYN MOTONAGA	PersonNm
Person Title	CFO	PersonTitleTxt
Phone	4156241200	PhoneNum
Signature	2023-11-14	SignatureDt
Discuss With Paid Preparer	Yes (1)	DiscussWithPaidPreparerInd

Signing Officer SigningOfficerGrp

Person Full Name PersonFullName

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Person First	KATHRYN	PersonFirstNm
Person Last	MOTONAGA	PersonLastNm

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
SSN	999009999	SSN

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
IRS Responsible Prty Info Curr	Yes (1)	IRSResponsiblePrtyInfoCurrInd

Preparer Person PreparerPersonGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Preparer Person	KATY BROWN	PreparerPersonNm
PTIN	P00650274	PTIN
Phone	9257902600	PhoneNum
Preparation	2023-11-14	PreparationDt

Additional Filer Information AdditionalFilerInformation

Trusted Customer TrustedCustomerGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Trusted Customer	2	TrustedCustomerCd
Authentication Assurance Level	AAL1	AuthenticationAssuranceLevelCd
Identity Assurance Level	IAL1	IdentityAssuranceLevelCd

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Tax	2022	TaxYr
Build TS	2023-04-26 12:10:37Z	BuildTS

Form 990 IRS990

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Principal Officer	KATHYRN MOTONAGA	PrincipalOfficerNm

US Address USAddress

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Address Line1	1265 BATTERY STREET STE 200	AddressLine1Txt
City	SAN FRANCISCO	CityNm
State Abbreviation	CA	StateAbbreviationCd
ZIP	94111	ZIPCd

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Gross Receipts	$35,409,325	GrossReceiptsAmt
Group Return For Affiliates	0	GroupReturnForAffiliatesInd
Organization501c3	Yes (X)	Organization501c3Ind
Website Address	WWW.PLOS.ORG	WebsiteAddressTxt
Type Of Organization Corp	Yes (X)	TypeOfOrganizationCorpInd
Formation	2001	FormationYr
Legal Domicile State	CA	LegalDomicileStateCd
Activity Or Mission	PLEASE SEE SCHEDULE O FOR COMPLETE DESCRIPTION OF THE ORGANIZATION'S MISSION.	ActivityOrMissionDesc
Voting Members Governing Body	10	VotingMembersGoverningBodyCnt
Voting Members Independent	9	VotingMembersIndependentCnt
Total Employee	138	TotalEmployeeCnt
Total Volunteers	13500	TotalVolunteersCnt
Total Gross UBI	$313,008	TotalGrossUBIAmt
Net Unrelated Bus Txbl Incm	$99,788	NetUnrelatedBusTxblIncmAmt
PY Contributions Grants	$2,574,373	PYContributionsGrantsAmt
CY Contributions Grants	$43,355	CYContributionsGrantsAmt
PY Program Service Revenue	$34,399,920	PYProgramServiceRevenueAmt
CY Program Service Revenue	$34,660,585	CYProgramServiceRevenueAmt
PY Investment Income	$1,165,406	PYInvestmentIncomeAmt
CY Investment Income	$281,185	CYInvestmentIncomeAmt
PY Other Revenue	$0	PYOtherRevenueAmt
CY Other Revenue	$115	CYOtherRevenueAmt
PY Total Revenue	$38,139,699	PYTotalRevenueAmt
CY Total Revenue	$34,985,240	CYTotalRevenueAmt
PY Grants And Similar Paid	$0	PYGrantsAndSimilarPaidAmt
CY Grants And Similar Paid	$0	CYGrantsAndSimilarPaidAmt
PY Benefits Paid To Members	$0	PYBenefitsPaidToMembersAmt
CY Benefits Paid To Members	$0	CYBenefitsPaidToMembersAmt
PY Salaries Comp Emp Bnft Paid	$19,868,916	PYSalariesCompEmpBnftPaidAmt
CY Salaries Comp Emp Bnft Paid	$20,933,458	CYSalariesCompEmpBnftPaidAmt
PY Total Prof Fndrsng Expns	$0	PYTotalProfFndrsngExpnsAmt
CY Total Prof Fndrsng Expns	$0	CYTotalProfFndrsngExpnsAmt
CY Total Fundraising Expense	$0	CYTotalFundraisingExpenseAmt
PY Other Expenses	$12,645,627	PYOtherExpensesAmt
CY Other Expenses	$12,429,335	CYOtherExpensesAmt
PY Total Expenses	$32,514,543	PYTotalExpensesAmt
CY Total Expenses	$33,362,793	CYTotalExpensesAmt
PY Revenues Less Expenses	$5,625,156	PYRevenuesLessExpensesAmt
CY Revenues Less Expenses	$1,622,447	CYRevenuesLessExpensesAmt
Total Assets BOY	$24,530,446	TotalAssetsBOYAmt
Total Assets EOY	$25,935,740	TotalAssetsEOYAmt
Total Liabilities BOY	$4,498,245	TotalLiabilitiesBOYAmt
Total Liabilities EOY	$6,970,642	TotalLiabilitiesEOYAmt
Net Assets Or Fund Balances BOY	$20,032,201	NetAssetsOrFundBalancesBOYAmt
Net Assets Or Fund Balances EOY	$18,965,098	NetAssetsOrFundBalancesEOYAmt
Info In Schedule O Part III	Yes (X)	InfoInScheduleOPartIIIInd
Mission	PLEASE SEE SCHEDULE O FOR COMPLETE DESCRIPTION OF THE ORGANIZATION'S MISSION.	MissionDesc
Significant New Program Srvc	0	SignificantNewProgramSrvcInd
Significant Change	0	SignificantChangeInd
Expense	$28,636,476	ExpenseAmt
Revenue	$34,347,577	RevenueAmt
Desc	SCIENCE AND MEDICAL PUBLISHING ARE THE CORE OF PLOS PROGRAM EXPENSE AT OVER $28.6 MILLION. THE ACTIVITIES INVOLVED IN OUR PUBLISHING OPERATION INCLUDE:EDITORIAL AND PRODUCTION WORK - RECEIPT AND TRIAGE OF SUBMISSIONS; PERFORMING/COORDINATING THEIR PEER REVIEW; AND PRODUCTION AND ONLINE PUBLICATION OF ACCEPTED ARTICLES. MARKETING AND OUTREACH - PROMOTING ARTICLES AND INVITING SUBMISSIONS, INCREASING AWARENESS AND UNDERSTANDING OF OPEN SCIENCE BENEFITS AND PRACTICES, PROMOTING INITIATIVES SUCH AS CALLS FOR PAPERS, AND CREATING RESOURCES FOR AUTHORS AND REVIEWERS.PUBLISHING ETHICS HANDLING ETHICAL AND SCIENTIFIC CONCERNS INVOLVING SUBMISSIONS AND PUBLISHED ARTICLES.ENGAGEMENT WITH RESEARCH COMMUNITIES (E.G. BY ATTENDING/ORGANIZING CONFERENCES/EVENTS/WORKSHOPS) - TO ENSURE THE JOURNALS AND THEIR POLICIES REFLECT THE RESEARCH INTERESTS AND VALUES OF THESE FIELDS AND COMMUNITIES.MEDIA - COLLABORATING WITH AUTHORS, INSTITUTIONS, SCIENCE MEDIA CENTERS AND JOURNALISTS TO COMMUNICATE RESEARCH TO BOTH SCIENTISTS AND SOCIETY.THE SCOPE OF PLOS JOURNALS PUBLISHING IN 2022 INCLUDES:PLOS ONE, THE FIRST MULTIDISCIPLINARY OA JOURNAL PUBLISHING ALL TECHNICALLY VALID AND ETHICAL RESEARCH, REGARDLESS OF ANTICIPATED IMPACT.PLOS BIOLOGY, PUBLISHING ARTICLES OF EXCEPTIONAL SIGNIFICANCE, ORIGINALITY AND RELEVANCE IN ALL AREAS OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE, FROM MOLECULES TO ECOSYSTEMS TO DATA-DRIVEN META-RESEARCH.PLOS CLIMATE, PUBLISHING RESEARCH THAT ADDRESSES THE CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND DYNAMICS.PLOS DIGITAL HEALTH, PUBLISHING RESEARCH THAT ADVANCES HEALTHCARE THROUGH DIGITAL TOOLS, TECHNOLOGIES, AND DATA SCIENCE.PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH, A NEW HOME FOR DIVERSE RESEARCH ADDRESSING GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH CHALLENGES AND INEQUITIESPLOS MEDICINE, PUBLISHING LEADING RESEARCH IN ALL AREAS OF MEDICAL SCIENCE, CLINICAL PRACTICE AND HEALTH POLICY INCLUDING A VARIETY OF STUDY DESIGNS.PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY, PUBLISHING WORK THAT FURTHERS THE UNDERSTANDING OF LIVING SYSTEMS AT ALL SCALES THROUGH THE APPLICATION OF COMPUTATIONAL METHODS.PLOS GENETICS, FOCUSED ON ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS IN GENETICS AND GENOMICS THAT REFLECT THE FULL BREADTH, INTERDISCIPLINARY NATURE AND IMPACT OF THESE FIELDS ON SCIENCE AND MEDICINE.PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES, THE FIRST JOURNAL SOLELY DEVOTED TO CHRONIC AND POVERTY-PROMOTING INFECTIOUS DISEASES, PUBLISHES RESEARCH ON ALL ASPECTS OF NTDS. PLOS PATHOGENS, FIRST OA JOURNAL FOR BREAKTHROUGHS IN UNDERSTANDING PATHOGENS AND THEIR INTERACTIONS WITH HOST ORGANISMS. PLOS SUSTAINABILITY AND TRANSFORMATION, PUBLISHING LEADING RESEARCH THAT DRIVES PROGRESS TOWARDS SUSTAINABILITY OF OUR RENEWABLE RESOURCES, ECONOMY, AND SOCIETY.PLOS WATER, A NEW HOME FOR ALL RESEARCH RELATED TO WATER AS A VITAL RESOURCE FOR PEOPLE AND THE PLANET.IN ADDITION TO MANAGING THE ABOVE PORTFOLIO OF JOURNALS, IN 2022 PLOS CONTINUED ITS FOCUS ON THREE BROAD AREAS: (1) OPEN SCIENCE PRACTICES AND INITIATIVES AROUND TRANSPARENCY, RECOGNITION, EXPANDED OPPORTUNITIES FOR PEER REVIEW, FIGHTING PUBLICATION BIAS, AND REPRODUCIBILITY; (2) DEVELOPING MORE EQUITABLE BUSINESS MODELS TO ENABLE A DIVERSE AND SUSTAINABLE PUBLISHING ECOSYSTEM AND (3) EXPANDING OUR CAPACITY TO LEARN FROM DIVERSE RESEARCH COMMUNITIES ACROSS THE GLOBE TO CO-CREATE SOLUTIONS FOR A MORE OPEN, EFFECTIVE, AND FAIR RESEARCH ECOSYSTEM. THE FOLLOWING ARE KEY HIGHLIGHTS FROM OUR WORK IN 2022:PLOS PARTNERED WITH DATASEER TO DEVELOP OPEN SCIENCE INDICATORS, INTRODUCING STANDARDS FOR MEASURING AND TRACKING OPEN SCIENCE BEHAVIORS ACROSS OUR JOURNALS.WE ESTABLISHED A REPRESENTATIVE OFFICE IN SINGAPORE AS PART OF OUR GOAL TO DEEPEN OUR UNDERSTANDING OF DIVERSE RESEARCH COMMUNITIES AND ADVANCE OUR MISSION FOR AN EQUITABLE OPEN SCIENCE FUTURE IN LOCALLY RESPONSIBLE WAYS.JOURNALS LAUNCHED IN 2021 TO ADDRESS GLOBAL HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES PUBLISHED THEIR FIRST 1,000 PAPERS AS WE CONTINUED TO ENGAGE WITH AND GROW THESE COMMUNITIES IN WAYS THAT PROMOTE MULTI-DISCIPLINARY DISCUSSION AND EXCHANGE OF KNOWLEDGE.PLOS DOUBLED OUR PARTNERSHIPS WITH INSTITUTIONS UNDER OUR COMMUNITY ACTION PUBLISHING, GLOBAL EQUITY AND FLAT FEE MODELS WHICH REDUCE OR ELIMINATE AUTHOR PUBLICATION FEES.WE CONTINUED OUR WORK TO ADVANCE ADOPTION OF OPEN SCIENCE PRACTICES AS WELL AS REFINE AND DEVELOP NEW SERVICES FOR AUTHORS. WE EXTENDED OUR PREPRINT OPTIONS TO INCLUDE FACILITATED POSTING TO MEDRXIV AND DIRECT SUBMISSIONS FROM EARTHRXIV TO SELECT JOURNALS. AS PART OF A PROJECT FUNDED BY THE WELLCOME TRUST, WE ALSO TESTED TWO SOLUTIONS TO INCREASE DATA-SHARING AND DISCOVERY: ENABLING AUTHORS SUBMITTING TO PLOS PATHOGENS TO DEPOSIT THEIR DATA WITH DRYAD UPON SUBMISSION, AND CREATING AN ACCESSIBLE DATA ICON FOR MANUSCRIPTS SHARING DATA IN ONE OF OUR MOST-USED REPOSITORIES. PLOS UNDERTOOK SEVERAL RESEARCH PROJECTS TO FACILITATE DEEPER UNDERSTANDING OF OUR SCHOLARLY PUBLISHING SYSTEM, INCLUDING AN ASSESSMENT OF INTERACTIVE NOTEBOOKS AND CODE-SHARING PRACTICES, MEASURING THE IMPACT OF PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY'S CODE POLICY, AND A SURVEY OF RESEARCHERS' METHOD SHARING PRACTICES AND PRIORITIES. ALL OUR FINDINGS ARE PUBLICLY AVAILABLE.PLOS CONTINUED TO PARTICIPATE IN THE PLAN S PRICE & SERVICE TRANSPARENCY FRAMEWORK, PUBLICLY REPORTING OUR PRICING BREAKDOWN ON OUR BLOG.PLOS CONTINUED OUR PUBLICATION FEE ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS, DESIGNED TO OVERCOME BARRIERS TO IMMEDIATE AVAILABILITY, ACCESS AND USE OF RESEARCH. IN 2022 PLOS PROVIDED $3.8 MILLION IN PARTIAL OR FULL ARTICLE PROCESSING CHARGE (APC) WAIVERS TO AUTHORS. THIS MAJOR PROGRAM EXPENSE, WHICH APPEARS AS A CONTRA-REVENUE FOR FINANCIAL REPORTING PURPOSES, DEMONSTRATES OUR SUPPORT TO SCIENCE AND THE GLOBAL RESEARCH COMMUNITY.	Desc
Total Program Service Expenses	$28,636,476	TotalProgramServiceExpensesAmt
Described In Section501c3	Yes (1)	DescribedInSection501c3Ind
Schedule B Required	Yes (1)	ScheduleBRequiredInd
Political Campaign Acty	0	PoliticalCampaignActyInd
Lobbying Activities	0	LobbyingActivitiesInd
Subject To Proxy Tax	0	SubjectToProxyTaxInd
Donor Advised Fund	0	DonorAdvisedFundInd
Conservation Easements	0	ConservationEasementsInd
Collections Of Art	0	CollectionsOfArtInd
Credit Counseling	0	CreditCounselingInd
Donor Rstr Or Quasi Endowments	0	DonorRstrOrQuasiEndowmentsInd
Report Land Building Equipment	Yes (1)	ReportLandBuildingEquipmentInd
Report Investments Other Sec	0	ReportInvestmentsOtherSecInd
Report Program Related Invst	0	ReportProgramRelatedInvstInd
Report Other Assets	Yes (1)	ReportOtherAssetsInd
Report Other Liabilities	Yes (1)	ReportOtherLiabilitiesInd
Include FIN48 Footnote	Yes (1)	IncludeFIN48FootnoteInd
Independent Audit Fincl Stmt	Yes (1)	IndependentAuditFinclStmtInd
Consolidated Audit Fincl Stmt	0	ConsolidatedAuditFinclStmtInd
School Operating	0	SchoolOperatingInd
Foreign Office	Yes (1)	ForeignOfficeInd
Foreign Activities	Yes (1)	ForeignActivitiesInd
More Than5000 K To Org	0	MoreThan5000KToOrgInd
More Than5000 K To Individuals	0	MoreThan5000KToIndividualsInd
Professional Fundraising	0	ProfessionalFundraisingInd
Fundraising Activities	0	FundraisingActivitiesInd
Gaming Activities	0	GamingActivitiesInd
Operate Hospital	0	OperateHospitalInd
Grants To Organizations	0	GrantsToOrganizationsInd
Grants To Individuals	0	GrantsToIndividualsInd
Schedule J Required	Yes (1)	ScheduleJRequiredInd
Tax Exempt Bonds	0	TaxExemptBondsInd
Engaged In Excess Benefit Trans	0	EngagedInExcessBenefitTransInd
PY Excess Benefit Trans	0	PYExcessBenefitTransInd
Loan Outstanding	0	LoanOutstandingInd
Grant To Related Person	0	GrantToRelatedPersonInd
Business Rln With Org Mem	0	BusinessRlnWithOrgMemInd
Business Rln With Fam Mem	0	BusinessRlnWithFamMemInd
Business Rln With35 Ctrl Ent	0	BusinessRlnWith35CtrlEntInd
Deductible Non Cash Contri	0	DeductibleNonCashContriInd
Deductible Art Contribution	0	DeductibleArtContributionInd
Terminate Operations	0	TerminateOperationsInd
Partial Liquidation	0	PartialLiquidationInd
Disregarded Entity	Yes (1)	DisregardedEntityInd
Related Entity	0	RelatedEntityInd
Related Organization Ctrl Ent	0	RelatedOrganizationCtrlEntInd
Trnsfr Exmpt Non Chrtbl Rltd Org	0	TrnsfrExmptNonChrtblRltdOrgInd
Activities Conducted Prtshp	0	ActivitiesConductedPrtshpInd
Schedule O Required	Yes (1)	ScheduleORequiredInd
IRP Document	73	IRPDocumentCnt
IRP Document W2 G	0	IRPDocumentW2GCnt
Backup Wthld Compliance	Yes (1)	BackupWthldComplianceInd
Employee	138	EmployeeCnt
Employment Tax Returns Filed	Yes (1)	EmploymentTaxReturnsFiledInd
Unrelated Bus Incm Over Limit	Yes (1)	UnrelatedBusIncmOverLimitInd
Form990 T Filed	Yes (1)	Form990TFiledInd
Foreign Financial Account	Yes (1)	ForeignFinancialAccountInd
Foreign Country	UK	ForeignCountryCd
Prohibited Tax Shelter Trans	0	ProhibitedTaxShelterTransInd
Taxable Party Notification	0	TaxablePartyNotificationInd
Nondeductible Contributions	0	NondeductibleContributionsInd
Quid Pro Quo Contributions	0	QuidProQuoContributionsInd
Form8282 Property Disposed Of	0	Form8282PropertyDisposedOfInd
Rcv Fnds To Pay Prsnl Bnft Cntrct	0	RcvFndsToPayPrsnlBnftCntrctInd
Pay Premiums Prsnl Bnft Cntrct	0	PayPremiumsPrsnlBnftCntrctInd
Indoor Tanning Services	0	IndoorTanningServicesInd
Subj To Tax Rmnrtn Ex Prcht Pymt	0	SubjToTaxRmnrtnExPrchtPymtInd
Subject To Excs Tax Net Invst Inc	0	SubjectToExcsTaxNetInvstIncInd
Info In Schedule O Part VI	Yes (X)	InfoInScheduleOPartVIInd
Governing Body Voting Members	10	GoverningBodyVotingMembersCnt
Independent Voting Member	9	IndependentVotingMemberCnt
Family Or Business Rln	0	FamilyOrBusinessRlnInd
Delegation Of Mgmt Duties	0	DelegationOfMgmtDutiesInd
Change To Org Documents	0	ChangeToOrgDocumentsInd
Material Diversion Or Misuse	0	MaterialDiversionOrMisuseInd
Members Or Stockholders	0	MembersOrStockholdersInd
Election Of Board Members	0	ElectionOfBoardMembersInd
Decisions Subject To Approva	0	DecisionsSubjectToApprovaInd
Minutes Of Governing Body	Yes (1)	MinutesOfGoverningBodyInd
Minutes Of Committees	Yes (1)	MinutesOfCommitteesInd
Officer Mailing Address	0	OfficerMailingAddressInd
Local Chapters	0	LocalChaptersInd
Form990 Provided To Gvrn Body	Yes (1)	Form990ProvidedToGvrnBodyInd
Conflict Of Interest Policy	Yes (1)	ConflictOfInterestPolicyInd
Annual Disclosure Covered Prsn	Yes (1)	AnnualDisclosureCoveredPrsnInd
Regular Monitoring Enfrc	Yes (1)	RegularMonitoringEnfrcInd
Whistleblower Policy	Yes (1)	WhistleblowerPolicyInd
Document Retention Policy	Yes (1)	DocumentRetentionPolicyInd
Compensation Process CEO	Yes (1)	CompensationProcessCEOInd
Compensation Process Other	Yes (1)	CompensationProcessOtherInd
Investment In Joint Venture	0	InvestmentInJointVentureInd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	CA	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
Own Website	Yes (X)	OwnWebsiteInd
Upon Request	Yes (X)	UponRequestInd

Books In Care Of Detail BooksInCareOfDetail

Business Name BusinessName

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1	KATHRYN MOTONAGA CFO	BusinessNameLine1Txt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Phone	4156241200	PhoneNum

US Address USAddress

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Address Line1	1265 BATTERY STREET STE 200	AddressLine1Txt
City	SAN FRANCISCO	CityNm
State Abbreviation	CA	StateAbbreviationCd
ZIP	94111	ZIPCd

Form990 Part VII Section A Form990PartVIISectionAGrp (22 entries)

TitleTitleTxt	Average Hours Per WeekAverageHoursPerWeekRt	Individual Trustee Or DirectorIndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd	Reportable Comp From OrgReportableCompFromOrgAmt	Reportable Comp From Rltd OrgReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt	Other CompensationOtherCompensationAmt	OfficerOfficerInd	Key EmployeeKeyEmployeeInd	Highest Compensated EmployeeHighestCompensatedEmployeeInd
MEREDITH T NILES
BOARD MEMBER (LEFT 09/22)	5.00	Yes (X)	$0	$0	$0
JENNY MACHIDA
BOARD MEMBER	5.00	Yes (X)	$0	$0	$0
ALASTAIR ADAM
BOARD MEMBER	5.00	Yes (X)	$0	$0	$0
SURESH BHAT
BOARD MEMBER	5.00	Yes (X)	$0	$0	$0
SIMINE VAZIRE
BOARD MEMBER	5.00	Yes (X)	$0	$0	$0
KEITH YAMAMOTO
BOARD MEMBER	5.00	Yes (X)	$0	$0	$0
FERNAN FEDERICI
BOARD MEMBER	5.00	Yes (X)	$0	$0	$0
RICHARD WILDER
BOARD MEMBER	5.00	Yes (X)	$0	$0	$0
ARLENE ESPINAL
BOARD MEMBER	5.00	Yes (X)	$0	$0	$0
ISRAEL BOROKINI
BOARD MEMBER	5.00	Yes (X)	$0	$0	$0
ALISON MUDDITT
CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER	40.00	Yes (X)	$490,549	$0	$43,058	Yes (X)
KATHRYN MOTONAGA
CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER	40.00		$290,789	$0	$21,351	Yes (X)
SANDRA UPEGUI
GENERAL COUNSEL AND CORPORATE SECRETARY	40.00		$169,590	$0	$16,980	Yes (X)
VERONIQUE KIERMER
PUBLISHER & EXEC EDITOR	40.00		$311,352	$0	$37,994		Yes (X)
REBEKAH DARKSMITH
CHIEF MARKETING OFFICER	40.00		$290,968	$0	$37,298		Yes (X)
KRISTINA MARTIN
CHIEF PEOPLE & CULTURE	40.00		$261,526	$0	$31,136		Yes (X)
NIAMH O'CONNOR
CHIEF PUBLISHING OFFICER	40.00		$207,080	$0	$13,957		Yes (X)
AARON DODDS
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR RESEARCH AND MGMT	40.00		$230,849	$0	$23,042			Yes (X)
RANDY TOWNSEND
DIRECTOR, PUBLISHING OPERATIONS	40.00		$210,384	$0	$8,589			Yes (X)
JAMES HARNEY
SENIOR MANAGER, STRATEGIC RESEARCH	40.00		$201,730	$0	$11,700			Yes (X)
SAYEDEH ROUHI
DIRECTOR, STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP	40.00		$194,817	$0	$7,170			Yes (X)
MATTHEW VALDEZ
PRINCIPAL SOFTWARE ENGINEER, PLATFORM & ENG	40.00		$189,741	$0	$27,598			Yes (X)

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Reportable Comp From Org	$3,049,375	TotalReportableCompFromOrgAmt
Tot Reportable Comp Rltd Org	$0	TotReportableCompRltdOrgAmt
Total Other Compensation	$279,873	TotalOtherCompensationAmt
Indiv Rcvd Greater Than100 K	40	IndivRcvdGreaterThan100KCnt
Former Ofcr Employees Listed	0	FormerOfcrEmployeesListedInd
Total Comp Greater Than150 K	Yes (1)	TotalCompGreaterThan150KInd
Compensation From Other Srcs	0	CompensationFromOtherSrcsInd

Contractor Compensation ContractorCompensationGrp (5 entries)

Address Line1ContractorAddress/USAddress/AddressLine1Txt	CityContractorAddress/USAddress/CityNm	State AbbreviationContractorAddress/USAddress/StateAbbreviationCd	ZIPContractorAddress/USAddress/ZIPCd	ServicesServicesDesc	CompensationCompensationAmt	Address Line1ContractorAddress/ForeignAddress/AddressLine1Txt	CityContractorAddress/ForeignAddress/CityNm	Province Or StateContractorAddress/ForeignAddress/ProvinceOrStateNm	CountryContractorAddress/ForeignAddress/CountryCd	Foreign PostalContractorAddress/ForeignAddress/ForeignPostalCd
APEX COVANTAGE LLC
4045 SHERIDAN AVENUE SUITE 266	MIAMI BEACH	FL	33140	COMPOSITION	$1,714,587
CLARIVATE ANALYTICS (US) LLC
				AUTHOR CONNECT SERVICES	$933,264	789 E EISENHOWER PARKWAY	ANN ARBOR	MANILA	UP	48108
SPI TECHNOLOGIES INC
SPI BUILDING PASCOR DRIVE	PARANAQUE CITY	PA	01700	TECHNOLOGY SERVICES	$901,961
ARIES SYSTEMS CORPORATION
50 HIGH STREET SUITE 21	NORTH ANDOVER	MA	01845	MANUSCRIPT SUBMISSION AND TRACKING SYSTE	$766,755
EDITORIAL OFFICE LTD
				EDITORIAL SERVICES	$395,378	AVEBURY HOUSE 6 ST PETER STREET	WINCHESTER		UK	SO23 8BN

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Cntrct Rcvd Greater Than100 K	15	CntrctRcvdGreaterThan100KCnt
All Other Contributions	$43,355	AllOtherContributionsAmt
Total Contributions	$43,355	TotalContributionsAmt

Program Service Revenue ProgramServiceRevenueGrp (4 entries)

DescDesc	BusinessBusinessCd	Total Revenue ColumnTotalRevenueColumnAmt	Related Or Exempt Func IncomeRelatedOrExemptFuncIncomeAmt	Unrelated Business RevenueUnrelatedBusinessRevenueAmt
PUBLICATION FEES, NET	517000	$30,177,479	$30,177,479
SUBSCRIPTIONS	517000	$4,166,561	$4,166,561
ADVERTISING	517000	$313,008		$313,008
REPRINTS	517000	$3,537	$3,537

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Program Service Revenue	$34,660,585	TotalProgramServiceRevenueAmt

Investment Income InvestmentIncomeGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column	$365,628	TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Exclusion	$365,628	ExclusionAmt

Royalties Revenue RoyaltiesRevenueGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column	$115	TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Exclusion	$115	ExclusionAmt

Gross Amount Sales Assets GrossAmountSalesAssetsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Securities	$329,642	SecuritiesAmt
Other	$10,000	OtherAmt

Less Cost Oth Basis Sales Expnss LessCostOthBasisSalesExpnssGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Securities	$340,444	SecuritiesAmt
Other	$83,641	OtherAmt

Gain Or Loss GainOrLossGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Securities	-$10,802	SecuritiesAmt
Other	-$73,641	OtherAmt

Net Gain Or Loss Investments NetGainOrLossInvestmentsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column	-$84,443	TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Exclusion	-$84,443	ExclusionAmt

Total Revenue TotalRevenueGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column	$34,985,240	TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Related Or Exempt Func Income	$34,347,577	RelatedOrExemptFuncIncomeAmt
Unrelated Business Revenue	$313,008	UnrelatedBusinessRevenueAmt
Exclusion	$281,300	ExclusionAmt

Comp Current Ofcr Directors CompCurrentOfcrDirectorsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$2,223,628	TotalAmt
Program Services	$898,649	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$1,324,979	ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Other Salaries And Wages OtherSalariesAndWagesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$15,012,062	TotalAmt
Program Services	$14,212,861	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$799,201	ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Pension Plan Contributions PensionPlanContributionsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$141,915	TotalAmt
Program Services	$141,915	ProgramServicesAmt

Other Employee Benefits OtherEmployeeBenefitsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$2,121,335	TotalAmt
Program Services	$1,942,748	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$178,587	ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Payroll Taxes PayrollTaxesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$1,434,518	TotalAmt
Program Services	$1,265,106	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$169,412	ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Fees For Services Legal FeesForServicesLegalGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$84,949	TotalAmt
Program Services	$36,240	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$48,709	ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Fees For Services Accounting FeesForServicesAccountingGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$106,409	TotalAmt
Program Services	$45,394	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$61,015	ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Fees For Srvc Invst Mgmnt Fees FeesForSrvcInvstMgmntFeesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$32,174	TotalAmt
Management And General	$32,174	ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Fees For Services Other FeesForServicesOtherGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$1,305,342	TotalAmt
Program Services	$556,863	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$748,479	ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Advertising AdvertisingGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$1,143,394	TotalAmt
Program Services	$1,143,394	ProgramServicesAmt

Office Expenses OfficeExpensesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$1,014,305	TotalAmt
Program Services	$517,194	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$497,111	ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Information Technology InformationTechnologyGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$1,760,509	TotalAmt
Program Services	$1,544,757	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$215,752	ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Occupancy OccupancyGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$1,093,605	TotalAmt
Program Services	$1,009,181	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$84,424	ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Travel TravelGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$395,879	TotalAmt
Program Services	$228,500	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$167,379	ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Depreciation Depletion DepreciationDepletionGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$177,735	TotalAmt
Program Services	$164,014	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$13,721	ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Insurance InsuranceGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$106,674	TotalAmt
Program Services	$98,439	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$8,235	ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Other Expenses OtherExpensesGrp (2 entries)

DescDesc	TotalTotalAmt	Program ServicesProgramServicesAmt	Management And GeneralManagementAndGeneralAmt
PRODUCTION COSTS	$4,774,844	$4,774,844
TRAINING & RECRUITMENT	$433,516	$56,377	$377,139

Total Functional Expenses TotalFunctionalExpensesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$33,362,793	TotalAmt
Program Services	$28,636,476	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$4,726,317	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$0	FundraisingAmt

Cash Non Interest Bearing CashNonInterestBearingGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$1,818,982	BOYAmt
EOY	$3,902,973	EOYAmt

Savings And Temp Cash Invst SavingsAndTempCashInvstGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$175,976	BOYAmt
EOY	$175,976	EOYAmt

Pledges And Grants Receivable PledgesAndGrantsReceivableGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$0	BOYAmt
EOY	$9,757	EOYAmt

Accounts Receivable AccountsReceivableGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$5,894,599	BOYAmt
EOY	$6,426,176	EOYAmt

Prepaid Expenses Defrd Charges PrepaidExpensesDefrdChargesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$852,456	BOYAmt
EOY	$847,145	EOYAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Land Bldg Equip Cost Or Other Bss	$2,783,566	LandBldgEquipCostOrOtherBssAmt
Land Bldg Equip Accum Deprec	$2,423,055	LandBldgEquipAccumDeprecAmt

Land Bldg Equip Basis Net LandBldgEquipBasisNetGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$556,665	BOYAmt
EOY	$360,511	EOYAmt

Investments Pub Traded Sec InvestmentsPubTradedSecGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$15,223,366	BOYAmt
EOY	$12,558,369	EOYAmt

Other Assets Total OtherAssetsTotalGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$8,402	BOYAmt
EOY	$1,654,833	EOYAmt

Total Assets TotalAssetsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$24,530,446	BOYAmt
EOY	$25,935,740	EOYAmt

Accounts Payable Accr Expnss AccountsPayableAccrExpnssGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$3,773,160	BOYAmt
EOY	$3,769,934	EOYAmt

Deferred Revenue DeferredRevenueGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$535,944	BOYAmt
EOY	$1,403,630	EOYAmt

Other Liabilities OtherLiabilitiesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$189,141	BOYAmt
EOY	$1,797,078	EOYAmt

Total Liabilities TotalLiabilitiesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$4,498,245	BOYAmt
EOY	$6,970,642	EOYAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Organization Follows FASB117	Yes (X)	OrganizationFollowsFASB117Ind

No Donor Restriction Net Assets NoDonorRestrictionNetAssetsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$20,032,201	BOYAmt
EOY	$18,965,098	EOYAmt

Total Net Assets Fund Balance TotalNetAssetsFundBalanceGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$20,032,201	BOYAmt
EOY	$18,965,098	EOYAmt

Tot Liab Net Assets Fund Balance TotLiabNetAssetsFundBalanceGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$24,530,446	BOYAmt
EOY	$25,935,740	EOYAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Reconcilation Revenue Expnss	$1,622,447	ReconcilationRevenueExpnssAmt
Net Unrlzd Gains Losses Invst	-$2,689,550	NetUnrlzdGainsLossesInvstAmt
Other Changes In Net Assets	$0	OtherChangesInNetAssetsAmt
Method Of Accounting Accrual	Yes (X)	MethodOfAccountingAccrualInd
Accountant Compile Or Review	0	AccountantCompileOrReviewInd
FS Audited	Yes (1)	FSAuditedInd

FS Audited Basis FSAuditedBasisGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Separate Basis Fincl Stmt	Yes (X)	SeparateBasisFinclStmtInd

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Audit Committee	Yes (1)	AuditCommitteeInd
Federal Grant Audit Required	0	FederalGrantAuditRequiredInd

Schedule A IRS990ScheduleA

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Publicly Supported Org509a2	Yes (X)	PubliclySupportedOrg509a2Ind

Gifts Grants Contris Rcvd509 GiftsGrantsContrisRcvd509Grp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Current Tax Year Minus4 Years	$3,606	CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus3 Years	$158,006	CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus2 Years	$60,366	CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus1 Year	$2,574,373	CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt
Current Tax Year	$43,355	CurrentTaxYearAmt
Total	$2,839,706	TotalAmt

Gross Receipts Admissions GrossReceiptsAdmissionsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Current Tax Year Minus4 Years	$31,689,229	CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus3 Years	$29,850,566	CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus2 Years	$32,485,530	CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus1 Year	$34,122,386	CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt
Current Tax Year	$34,660,585	CurrentTaxYearAmt
Total	$162,808,296	TotalAmt

Total509 Total509Grp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Current Tax Year Minus4 Years	$31,692,835	CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus3 Years	$30,008,572	CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus2 Years	$32,545,896	CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus1 Year	$36,696,759	CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt
Current Tax Year	$34,703,940	CurrentTaxYearAmt
Total	$165,648,002	TotalAmt

Amounts Rcvd Dsqlfy Person AmountsRcvdDsqlfyPersonGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$0	TotalAmt

Substantial Contributors Amt SubstantialContributorsAmtGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$0	TotalAmt

Subst And Dsqlfy Prsns Tot SubstAndDsqlfyPrsnsTotGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$0	TotalAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Public Support Total509	$165,648,002	PublicSupportTotal509Amt

Gross Investment Income509 GrossInvestmentIncome509Grp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Current Tax Year Minus4 Years	$414,755	CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus3 Years	$421,974	CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus2 Years	$415,255	CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus1 Year	$612,076	CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt
Current Tax Year	$365,743	CurrentTaxYearAmt
Total	$2,229,803	TotalAmt

Investment Income And UBTI InvestmentIncomeAndUBTIGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Current Tax Year Minus4 Years	$414,755	CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus3 Years	$421,974	CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus2 Years	$415,255	CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus1 Year	$612,076	CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt
Current Tax Year	$365,743	CurrentTaxYearAmt
Total	$2,229,803	TotalAmt

Total Support Calendar Year TotalSupportCalendarYearGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Current Tax Year Minus4 Years	$32,107,590	CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus3 Years	$30,430,546	CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus2 Years	$32,961,151	CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus1 Year	$37,308,835	CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt
Current Tax Year	$35,069,683	CurrentTaxYearAmt
Total	$167,877,805	TotalAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Public Support CY509	0.98670	PublicSupportCY509Pct
Public Support PY509	0.98560	PublicSupportPY509Pct
Investment Income CY	0.01330	InvestmentIncomeCYPct
Investment Income PY	0.01440	InvestmentIncomePYPct
Thirty Thr Pct Suprt Tests CY509	Yes (X)	ThirtyThrPctSuprtTestsCY509Ind

Schedule B IRS990ScheduleB

Contributor Information ContributorInformationGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Contributor	RESTRICTED	ContributorNum

Contributor Business Name ContributorBusinessName

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1	RESTRICTED	BusinessNameLine1

Contributor US Address ContributorUSAddress

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Address Line1	RESTRICTED	AddressLine1
Address Line2	RESTRICTED	AddressLine2
City	RESTRICTED	City
State	RESTRICTED	State
ZIP Code	RESTRICTED	ZIPCode

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Contributions	RESTRICTED	TotalContributionsAmt

Schedule D IRS990ScheduleD

Leasehold Improvements LeaseholdImprovementsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Other Cost Or Other Basis	$200,175	OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt
Depreciation	$85,074	DepreciationAmt
Book Value	$115,101	BookValueAmt

Equipment EquipmentGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Other Cost Or Other Basis	$1,635,573	OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt
Depreciation	$1,390,163	DepreciationAmt
Book Value	$245,410	BookValueAmt

Other Land Buildings OtherLandBuildingsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Other Cost Or Other Basis	$947,818	OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt
Depreciation	$947,818	DepreciationAmt
Book Value	$0	BookValueAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Book Value Land Buildings	$360,511	TotalBookValueLandBuildingsAmt

Other Assets Org OtherAssetsOrgGrp (2 entries)

DescDesc	Book ValueBookValueAmt
SECURITY DEPOSITS	$10,424
RIGHT OF USE ASSET	$1,644,409

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Book Value Other Assets	$1,654,833	TotalBookValueOtherAssetsAmt

Other Liabilities Org OtherLiabilitiesOrgGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Desc	OPERATING LEASE LIABILITY	Desc
Amt	$1,797,078	Amt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Liability	$1,797,078	TotalLiabilityAmt
Footnote Text	Yes (X)	FootnoteTextInd
Total Rev Etc Audited Fincl Stmt	$32,262,940	TotalRevEtcAuditedFinclStmtAmt
Net Unrealized Gains Invst	-$2,689,550	NetUnrealizedGainsInvstAmt
Revenue Not Reported	-$2,689,550	RevenueNotReportedAmt
Revenue Subtotal	$34,952,490	RevenueSubtotalAmt
Investment Expenses Not Incld	$32,174	InvestmentExpensesNotIncldAmt
Other Revenues Not Included	$576	OtherRevenuesNotIncludedAmt
Revenue Not Reported Fincl Stmt	$32,750	RevenueNotReportedFinclStmtAmt
Total Revenue Per Form990	$34,985,240	TotalRevenuePerForm990Amt
Tot Expns Etc Audited Fincl Stmt	$33,330,043	TotExpnsEtcAuditedFinclStmtAmt
Expenses Not Reported	$0	ExpensesNotReportedAmt
Expenses Subtotal	$33,330,043	ExpensesSubtotalAmt
Investment Expenses Not Incld2	$32,174	InvestmentExpensesNotIncld2Amt
Other Expenses Not Included	$576	OtherExpensesNotIncludedAmt
Expenses Not Rpt Fincl Stmt	$32,750	ExpensesNotRptFinclStmtAmt
Total Expenses Per Form990	$33,362,793	TotalExpensesPerForm990Amt

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail (3 entries)

Form And Line ReferenceFormAndLineReferenceDesc	ExplanationExplanationTxt
PART X, LINE 2:	PLOS HAS RECEIVED NOTIFICATION FROM THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE AND THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA THAT IT QUALIFIES FOR TAX-EXEMPT STATUS UNDER SECTION 501(C)(3) OF THE INTERNAL REVENUE CODE AND SECTION 27301D OF THE CALIFORNIA REVENUE AND TAXATION CODE. THE EXEMPTIONS ARE SUBJECT TO PERIODIC REVIEW BY THE FEDERAL AND STATE TAXING AUTHORITIES, AND MANAGEMENT IS CONFIDENT THAT PLOS CONTINUES TO SATISFY ALL FEDERAL AND STATE STATUTES IN ORDER TO QUALIFY FOR CONTINUED TAX EXEMPTION STATUS. PLOS MAY PERIODICALLY RECEIVE UNRELATED BUSINESS INCOME (SUCH AS ADVERTISING INCOME, ETC.) REQUIRING PLOS TO FILE SEPARATE TAX RETURNS UNDER FEDERAL AND STATE STATUTES. PLOS ALSO HAS CERTAIN TRANSACTIONS REQUIRING THE PAYMENT OF ADDITIONAL EMPLOYER TAXES TO HM REVENUE AND CUSTOMS IN THE U.K. UNDER SUCH CONDITIONS, PLOS CALCULATES AND ACCRUES THE APPLICABLE TAXES. PLOS IS NOT SUBJECT TO EXAMINATION BY TAXING AUTHORITIES, NOR WAS FOR ANY PRIOR YEARS. THE GERMAN SUBSIDIARY, PLOS GMBH, IS NOT AN EXEMPT ORGANIZATION AND IS SUBJECT TO EMPLOYER TAXES, CORPORATE INCOME TAX FILINGS, AND PAYMENT OBLIGATIONS TO THE AUTHORITIES IN GERMANY. PLOS CONSULTS WITH AN AGENT, MAZARS GMBH AND CO. KG, IN GERMANY TO TIMELY PREPARE AND FILE THE RETURNS. PLOS ASSESSES TAX POSITIONS TAKEN OR EXPECTED TO BE TAKEN AGAINST MORE-LIKELY-THAN-NOT RECOGNITION THRESHOLD AND MEASUREMENT ATTRIBUTES FOR FINANCIAL STATEMENT RECOGNITION. BASED ON AN ANALYSIS PREPARED BY PLOS, IT WAS DETERMINED THAT PLOS BELIEVES THAT IT HAS APPROPRIATE SUPPORT FOR ANY TAX POSITIONS TAKEN, AND AS SUCH, DOES NOT HAVE ANY UNCERTAIN TAX POSITIONS THAT ARE MATERIAL TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.
PART XI, LINE 4B - OTHER ADJUSTMENTS:	FOREIGN EXCHANGE ADJUSTMENT 576.
PART XII, LINE 4B - OTHER ADJUSTMENTS:	FOREIGN EXCHANGE ADJUSTMENT 576.

Schedule F IRS990ScheduleF

Account Activities Outside US AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Region	EUROPE (INCLUDING ICELAND & GREENLAND) - ALBANIA, ANDORRA, AUSTRIA, BELGIUM	RegionTxt
Offices	2	OfficesCnt
Employee	77	EmployeeCnt
Type Of Activities Conducted	PROGRAM SERVICES	TypeOfActivitiesConductedTxt
Specific Services Provided	EDITORIAL SUPPORT TO SERVE U.S. OPERATIONS.	SpecificServicesProvidedTxt
Region Total Expenditures	$4,008,323	RegionTotalExpendituresAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Subtotal Offices	2	SubtotalOfficesCnt
Subtotal Employees	77	SubtotalEmployeesCnt
Continuation Total Office	0	ContinuationTotalOfficeCnt
Continuation Total Employee	0	ContinuationTotalEmployeeCnt
Total Office	2	TotalOfficeCnt
Total Employee	77	TotalEmployeeCnt
Subtotal Spent	$4,008,323	SubtotalSpentAmt
Continuation Spent	$0	ContinuationSpentAmt
Total Spent	$4,008,323	TotalSpentAmt
Transfer To Foreign Corp	0	TransferToForeignCorpInd
Interest In Foreign Trust	0	InterestInForeignTrustInd
Foreign Corp Ownership	0	ForeignCorpOwnershipInd
Passive Foreign Investmest Co	0	PassiveForeignInvestmestCoInd
Foreign Partnership	0	ForeignPartnershipInd
Boycott Countries	0	BoycottCountriesInd

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Form And Line Reference	PART III ACCOUNTING METHOD:	FormAndLineReferenceDesc

Schedule J IRS990ScheduleJ

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Compensation Committee	Yes (X)	CompensationCommitteeInd
Written Employment Contract	Yes (X)	WrittenEmploymentContractInd
Board Or Committee Approval	Yes (X)	BoardOrCommitteeApprovalInd
Severance Payment	0	SeverancePaymentInd
Supplemental Nonqual Rtr Plan	0	SupplementalNonqualRtrPlanInd
Equity Based Comp Arrngm	0	EquityBasedCompArrngmInd
Comp Based On Revenue Of Flng Org	0	CompBasedOnRevenueOfFlngOrgInd
Comp Bsd On Rev Related Orgs	0	CompBsdOnRevRelatedOrgsInd
Comp Bsd Net Earns Flng Org	0	CompBsdNetEarnsFlngOrgInd
Comp Bsd Net Earns Rltd Orgs	0	CompBsdNetEarnsRltdOrgsInd
Any Non Fixed Payments	Yes (1)	AnyNonFixedPaymentsInd
Initial Contract Exception	0	InitialContractExceptionInd

Rltd Org Officer Trst Key Empl RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp (12 entries)

TitleTitleTxt	Base Compensation Filing OrgBaseCompensationFilingOrgAmt	Compensation Based On Rltd OrgsCompensationBasedOnRltdOrgsAmt	Bonus Filing OrganizationBonusFilingOrganizationAmount	Bonus Related OrganizationsBonusRelatedOrganizationsAmt	Other Compensation Filing OrgOtherCompensationFilingOrgAmt	Other Compensation Rltd OrgsOtherCompensationRltdOrgsAmt	Deferred Compensation Flng OrgDeferredCompensationFlngOrgAmt	Deferred Comp Rltd OrgsDeferredCompRltdOrgsAmt	Nontaxable Benefits Filing OrgNontaxableBenefitsFilingOrgAmt	Nontaxable Benefits Rltd OrgsNontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt	Total Compensation Filing OrgTotalCompensationFilingOrgAmt	Total Compensation Rltd OrgsTotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt	Comp Report Prior990 Filing OrgCompReportPrior990FilingOrgAmt	Comp Report Prior990 Rltd OrgsCompReportPrior990RltdOrgsAmt
ALISON MUDDITT
CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER	$450,549	$0	$40,000	$0	$0	$0	$17,143	$0	$25,915	$0	$533,607	$0	$0	$0
VERONIQUE KIERMER
PUBLISHER & EXEC EDITOR	$307,483	$0	$3,869	$0	$0	$0	$12,079	$0	$25,915	$0	$349,346	$0	$0	$0
REBEKAH DARKSMITH
CHIEF MARKETING OFFICER	$286,736	$0	$4,232	$0	$0	$0	$11,383	$0	$25,915	$0	$328,266	$0	$0	$0
KATHRYN MOTONAGA
CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER	$286,920	$0	$3,869	$0	$0	$0	$11,542	$0	$9,809	$0	$312,140	$0	$0	$0
KRISTINA MARTIN
CHIEF PEOPLE & CULTURE	$257,657	$0	$3,869	$0	$0	$0	$10,174	$0	$20,962	$0	$292,662	$0	$0	$0
AARON DODDS
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR RESEARCH AND MGMT	$228,617	$0	$2,232	$0	$0	$0	$9,234	$0	$13,808	$0	$253,891	$0	$0	$0
NIAMH O'CONNOR
CHIEF PUBLISHING OFFICER	$203,018	$0	$4,062	$0	$0	$0	$8,085	$0	$5,872	$0	$221,037	$0	$0	$0
RANDY TOWNSEND
DIRECTOR, PUBLISHING OPERATIONS	$209,481	$0	$903	$0	$0	$0	$8,589	$0	$0	$0	$218,973	$0	$0	$0
MATTHEW VALDEZ
PRINCIPAL SOFTWARE ENGINEER, PLATFOR	$187,872	$0	$1,869	$0	$0	$0	$6,636	$0	$20,962	$0	$217,339	$0	$0	$0
JAMES HARNEY
SENIOR MANAGER, STRATEGIC RESEARCH	$199,498	$0	$2,232	$0	$0	$0	$7,980	$0	$3,720	$0	$213,430	$0	$0	$0
SAYEDEH ROUHI
DIRECTOR, STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP	$192,585	$0	$2,232	$0	$0	$0	$6,993	$0	$177	$0	$201,987	$0	$0	$0
SANDRA UPEGUI
GENERAL COUNSEL AND CORPORATE SECRET	$169,590	$0	$0	$0	$0	$0	$6,688	$0	$10,292	$0	$186,570	$0	$0	$0

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Form And Line Reference	PART I, LINE 7	FormAndLineReferenceDesc
Explanation	THE ORGANIZATION'S OFFICERS RECEIVE NON-FIXED BONUS PAYMENTS. THESE AMOUNTS ARE BASED ON BOARD APPROVAL.	ExplanationTxt

Schedule O IRS990ScheduleO

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail (5 entries)

Form And Line ReferenceFormAndLineReferenceDesc	ExplanationExplanationTxt
PART I, LINE 1	PLOS (PUBLIC LIBRARY OF SCIENCE) IS A NONPROFIT LEADING A TRANSFORMATION IN RESEARCH COMMUNICATION. WE PUBLISH A SUITE OF OPEN ACCESS JOURNALS, AND WORK ALONGSIDE RESEARCH COMMUNITIES TO BREAK DOWN BARRIERS IN MAKING RESEARCH COMMUNICATION MORE OPEN, EFFECTIVE, AND FAIR. WE HAVE BEEN BREAKING BOUNDARIES SINCE OUR FOUNDING IN 2001. PLOS JOURNALS PROPELLED THE MOVEMENT FOR OA ALTERNATIVES TO SUBSCRIPTION JOURNALS. WE ESTABLISHED THE FIRST MULTI-DISCIPLINARY PUBLICATION INCLUSIVE OF ALL EXCELLENT RESEARCH REGARDLESS OF NOVELTY OR IMPACT AND DEMONSTRATED THE IMPORTANCE OF OPEN DATA AVAILABILITY. WE CONTINUE TO ADVOCATE FOR AND PUSH THE BOUNDARIES OF OPEN SCIENCE IN ORDER TO STRENGTHEN THE FOUNDATION OF KNOWLEDGE FROM WHICH WE ALL ADVANCE. PLOS' OPEN ACCESS JOURNALS COVER ALL AREAS OF SCIENCE, MEDICINE AND RELATED SOCIAL SCIENCES. RIGOROUSLY REPORTED, PEER REVIEWED, AND IMMEDIATELY AVAILABLE WITHOUT RESTRICTIONS, THE JOURNALS PROMOTE THE WIDEST READERSHIP AND IMPACT POSSIBLE. WE STRIVE TO IMPLEMENT POLICIES AND INNOVATIONS THAT PROMOTE REPRODUCIBILITY, CREDIT, AND ACCOUNTABILITY TO FOSTER A CULTURE OF OPEN SCIENCE. OUR WORK IN THESE AREAS IS SUPPORTED BY THE EFFORTS OF A DIVERSE, INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHERS FROM HUNDREDS OF RESEARCH AREAS WHO PUBLISH AND REVIEW RIGOROUS RESEARCH OF ALL TYPES. SINCE 2003, PLOS HAS PUBLISHED MORE THAN 300,000 RESEARCH ARTICLES. IN 2021 ALONE PLOS PUBLISHED MORE THAN 20,000 RESEARCH ARTICLES DOCUMENTING THE OBSERVATIONS AND DISCOVERIES OF A DIVERSE SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY. THOUSANDS OF RESEARCHERS ACROSS THE GLOBE DEDICATED THEIR TIME AS ACADEMIC EDITORS AND REVIEWERS TO BRINGING THIS WORK TO THE PUBLIC.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 11B	FORM 990 IS PREPARED BY AN OUTSIDE TAX PROFESSIONAL WITH ASSISTANCE FROM THE ORGANIZATION. THE FORM IS THEN REVIEWED BY THE CFO AND MEMBERS FROM THE AUDIT COMMITTEE. AFTER REVIEW AND MODIFICATIONS WHERE NECESSARY, THE FINAL VERSION OF THE TAX RETURN IS PROVIDED TO THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS. THE CFO SIGNS AND FILES ALL REQUIRED TAX FILINGS.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 12C	THE GENERAL COUNSEL AND SECRETARY OVERSEES THE ANNUAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST DISCLOSURE PROCESS. A COMMITTEE OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS REVIEWS ALL POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST AT LEAST ANNUALLY. THE CEO AND ALL BOARD MEMBERS ARE REQUIRED TO DISCLOSE (IN WRITING) POTENTIAL CONFLICTS AND ANY RELATED PARTY AFFILIATIONS. LOANS BETWEEN THE ORGANIZATION AND MEMBERS OF MANAGEMENT AND THE BOARD ARE STRICTLY PROHIBITED. THE ORGANIZATION SEEKS FULL TRANSPARENCY ON ALL RELATIONSHIPS. ANY POTENTIAL CONFLICTS (IN FACT OR APPEARANCE) ARE DISCUSSED OPENLY AND RESOLVED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE ORGANIZATION'S POLICIES AND PROCEDURES.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 15	THE COMPENSATION COMMITTEE OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS REVIEWS THE COMPENSATION OF ALL HIGH-LEVEL PERSONNEL ANNUALLY IN ACCORDANCE WITH IRS RULES AND REGULATIONS. EFFORTS ARE MADE TO SECURE COMPENSATION DATA FROM INDUSTRY SOURCES IN ORDER TO DETERMINE COMPETITIVENESS AND APPROPRIATENESS OF SALARIES AND BENEFITS. EVERY EFFORT IS MADE TO ENSURE THAT THE PROCESS IS THOROUGH AND TRANSPARENT IN ACCORDANCE WITH APPROPRIATE GOVERNANCE AND REGULATORY COMPLIANCE. THIS IS PERFORMED ANNUALLY AND THE PROCESS IS MANAGED BY THE HR DIRECTOR. REVIEW ENCOMPASSES CEO, CFO, EXECUTIVES AND KEY EMPLOYEES.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION C, LINE 19	PLOS MAKES ITS GOVERNING DOCUMENTS, CONFLICT OF INTEREST POLICY, AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AVAILABLE TO THE PUBLIC UPON REQUEST. THESE DOCUMENTS ARE ALSO POSTED ON OUR WEBSITE.

Schedule R IRS990ScheduleR

Id Disregarded Entities IdDisregardedEntitiesGrp

Disregarded Entity Name DisregardedEntityName

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1	PLOS GMBH	BusinessNameLine1Txt

Foreign Address ForeignAddress

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Address Line1	EDISONSTRABE 63 HAUS A 1 ETAGE	AddressLine1Txt
City	BERLIN	CityNm
Country	GM	CountryCd
Foreign Postal	12459	ForeignPostalCd

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Primary Activities	RESEARCH	PrimaryActivitiesTxt
Legal Domicile Foreign Country	GM	LegalDomicileForeignCountryCd
Total Income	-$361,604	TotalIncomeAmt
End Of Year Assets	$23,838	EndOfYearAssetsAmt

Direct Controlling Entity Name DirectControllingEntityName

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1	PUBLIC LIBRARY OF SCIENCE	BusinessNameLine1Txt