BROWN-FORMAN FOUNDATION: Form 990PF, tax year 2022
View the entire original 990 at ProPublica ↗
- Organization
- BROWN-FORMAN FOUNDATION (EIN 82-4595018)
- Tax period
- 2022-05-01 to 2023-04-30
- Filed
- 2023-09-12
- IRS object ID
- 202302559349100215
- Schema version
- 2022v5.0
- Source
- Download XML · Original 990 at ProPublica
Every field in the e-filed return. Faint text is the IRS element name, for citing.
- Return header
- Form 990-PF
- Accounting Fees Schedule
- Investments Corp Bonds Schedule
- Investments Corp Stock Schedule
- Legal Fees Schedule
- Other Expenses Schedule
- Other Income Schedule2
- Other Increases Schedule
- Other Professional Fees Schedule
- Taxes Schedule
Return header ReturnHeader
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Return | 2023-09-12T16:30:08+00:00 | ReturnTs |
| Tax Period End | 2023-04-30 | TaxPeriodEndDt |
Preparer Firm PreparerFirmGrp
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Preparer Firm EIN | 350921680 | PreparerFirmEIN |
Preparer Firm Name PreparerFirmName
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Business Name Line1 | CROWE LLP | BusinessNameLine1Txt |
Preparer US Address PreparerUSAddress
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Address Line1 | 9600 Brownsboro Road Suite 400 | AddressLine1Txt |
| City | Louisville | CityNm |
| State Abbreviation | KY | StateAbbreviationCd |
| ZIP | 402413902 | ZIPCd |
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Return Type | 990PF | ReturnTypeCd |
| Tax Period Begin | 2022-05-01 | TaxPeriodBeginDt |
Filer Filer
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| EIN | 824595018 | EIN |
Business Name BusinessName
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Business Name Line1 | Brown-Forman Foundation | BusinessNameLine1Txt |
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Business Name Control | BROW | BusinessNameControlTxt |
| Phone | 5027745918 | PhoneNum |
US Address USAddress
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Address Line1 | 850 Dixie Highway | AddressLine1Txt |
| City | Louisville | CityNm |
| State Abbreviation | KY | StateAbbreviationCd |
| ZIP | 40210 | ZIPCd |
Business Officer BusinessOfficerGrp
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Person | SUE PERRAM | PersonNm |
| Person Title | Treasurer | PersonTitleTxt |
| Signature | 2023-09-12 | SignatureDt |
| Discuss With Paid Preparer | Yes (true) | DiscussWithPaidPreparerInd |
Signing Officer SigningOfficerGrp
Person Full Name PersonFullName
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Person First | Sue | PersonFirstNm |
| Person Last | PERRAM | PersonLastNm |
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| SSN | 999009999 | SSN |
Preparer Person PreparerPersonGrp
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Preparer Person | Kim Scifres | PreparerPersonNm |
| PTIN | P01316095 | PTIN |
| Phone | 5023263996 | PhoneNum |
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Tax | 2022 | TaxYr |
| Build TS | 2023-04-26 12:10:37Z | BuildTS |
Form 990-PF IRS990PF
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Organization501c3 Exempt PF | Yes (X) | Organization501c3ExemptPFInd |
| FMV Assets EOY | $81,819,690 | FMVAssetsEOYAmt |
| Method Of Accounting Accrual | Yes (X) | MethodOfAccountingAccrualInd |
Analysis Of Revenue And Expenses AnalysisOfRevenueAndExpenses
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Interest On Sav Rev And Expnss | $51,197 | InterestOnSavRevAndExpnssAmt |
| Interest On Sav Net Invst Incm | $51,197 | InterestOnSavNetInvstIncmAmt |
| Dividends Rev And Expnss | $1,847,540 | DividendsRevAndExpnssAmt |
| Dividends Net Invst Incm | $1,847,540 | DividendsNetInvstIncmAmt |
| Net Gain Sale Ast Rev And Expnss | -$1,486,199 | NetGainSaleAstRevAndExpnssAmt |
| Gross Sales Price | $13,883,216 | GrossSalesPriceAmt |
| Cap Gain Net Incm Net Invst Incm | $0 | CapGainNetIncmNetInvstIncmAmt |
| Gross Sales Less Ret And Allwnc | $0 | GrossSalesLessRetAndAllwncAmt |
| Cost Of Goods Sold | $0 | CostOfGoodsSoldAmt |
| Gross Profit Rev And Expnss | $0 | GrossProfitRevAndExpnssAmt |
| Other Income Rev And Expnss | $11,962 | OtherIncomeRevAndExpnssAmt |
| Other Income Net Invst Incm | $11,962 | OtherIncomeNetInvstIncmAmt |
| Other Income Adj Net Incm | $0 | OtherIncomeAdjNetIncmAmt |
| Total Rev And Expnss | $424,500 | TotalRevAndExpnssAmt |
| Total Net Invst Incm | $1,910,699 | TotalNetInvstIncmAmt |
| Total Adj Net Incm | $0 | TotalAdjNetIncmAmt |
| Legal Fees Rev And Expnss | $5,236 | LegalFeesRevAndExpnssAmt |
| Legal Fees Net Invst Incm | $0 | LegalFeesNetInvstIncmAmt |
| Legal Fees Adj Net Incm | $0 | LegalFeesAdjNetIncmAmt |
| Legal Fees Dsbrs Chrtbl | $5,236 | LegalFeesDsbrsChrtblAmt |
| Accounting Fees Rev And Expnss | $52,553 | AccountingFeesRevAndExpnssAmt |
| Accounting Fees Net Invst Incm | $12,258 | AccountingFeesNetInvstIncmAmt |
| Accounting Fees Adj Net Incm | $0 | AccountingFeesAdjNetIncmAmt |
| Accounting Fees Chrtbl Prps | $40,295 | AccountingFeesChrtblPrpsAmt |
| Other Prof Fees Rev And Expnss | $197,853 | OtherProfFeesRevAndExpnssAmt |
| Other Prof Fees Net Invst Incm | $167,548 | OtherProfFeesNetInvstIncmAmt |
| Other Prof Fees Adj Net Incm | $0 | OtherProfFeesAdjNetIncmAmt |
| Other Prof Fees Dsbrs Chrtbl | $30,305 | OtherProfFeesDsbrsChrtblAmt |
| Taxes Rev And Expnss | $24,375 | TaxesRevAndExpnssAmt |
| Taxes Net Invst Incm | $0 | TaxesNetInvstIncmAmt |
| Taxes Adj Net Incm | $0 | TaxesAdjNetIncmAmt |
| Taxes Dsbrs Chrtbl | $0 | TaxesDsbrsChrtblAmt |
| Deprec And Dpltn Rev And Expnss | $0 | DeprecAndDpltnRevAndExpnssAmt |
| Deprec And Dpltn Net Invst Incm | $0 | DeprecAndDpltnNetInvstIncmAmt |
| Deprec And Dpltn Adj Net Incm | $0 | DeprecAndDpltnAdjNetIncmAmt |
| Other Expenses Rev And Expnss | $13,922 | OtherExpensesRevAndExpnssAmt |
| Other Expenses Net Invst Incm | $0 | OtherExpensesNetInvstIncmAmt |
| Other Expenses Adj Net Incm | $0 | OtherExpensesAdjNetIncmAmt |
| Other Expenses Dsbrs Chrtbl | $13,922 | OtherExpensesDsbrsChrtblAmt |
| Tot Opr Expenses Rev And Expnss | $293,939 | TotOprExpensesRevAndExpnssAmt |
| Tot Opr Expenses Net Invst Incm | $179,806 | TotOprExpensesNetInvstIncmAmt |
| Tot Opr Expenses Adj Net Incm | $0 | TotOprExpensesAdjNetIncmAmt |
| Tot Opr Expenses Dsbrs Chrtbl | $89,758 | TotOprExpensesDsbrsChrtblAmt |
| Contri Paid Rev And Expnss | $3,664,015 | ContriPaidRevAndExpnssAmt |
| Contri Paid Dsbrs Chrtbl | $7,218,000 | ContriPaidDsbrsChrtblAmt |
| Total Expenses Rev And Expnss | $3,957,954 | TotalExpensesRevAndExpnssAmt |
| Total Expenses Net Invst Incm | $179,806 | TotalExpensesNetInvstIncmAmt |
| Total Expenses Adj Net Incm | $0 | TotalExpensesAdjNetIncmAmt |
| Total Expenses Dsbrs Chrtbl | $7,307,758 | TotalExpensesDsbrsChrtblAmt |
| Excess Revenue Over Expenses | -$3,533,454 | ExcessRevenueOverExpensesAmt |
| Net Investment Income | $1,730,893 | NetInvestmentIncomeAmt |
| Adjusted Net Income | $0 | AdjustedNetIncomeAmt |
Form990 PF Balance Sheets Form990PFBalanceSheetsGrp
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Cash BOY | $65,664 | CashBOYAmt |
| Cash EOY | $66,059 | CashEOYAmt |
| Cash EOYFMV | $66,059 | CashEOYFMVAmt |
| Sav And Temp Cash Invst BOY | $763,572 | SavAndTempCashInvstBOYAmt |
| Sav And Temp Cash Invst EOY | $2,390,772 | SavAndTempCashInvstEOYAmt |
| Sav And Temp Cash Invst EOYFMV | $2,390,772 | SavAndTempCashInvstEOYFMVAmt |
| Acct Rcvbl BOY | $0 | AcctRcvblBOYAmt |
| Acct Rcvbl EOY | $0 | AcctRcvblEOYAmt |
| Acct Rcvbl EOYFMV | $0 | AcctRcvblEOYFMVAmt |
| Pledges Rcvbl BOY | $0 | PledgesRcvblBOYAmt |
| Pledges Rcvbl EOY | $0 | PledgesRcvblEOYAmt |
| Pledges Rcvbl EOYFMV | $0 | PledgesRcvblEOYFMVAmt |
| Rcvbl From Officers BOY | $0 | RcvblFromOfficersBOYAmt |
| Rcvbl From Officers EOY | $0 | RcvblFromOfficersEOYAmt |
| Rcvbl From Officers EOYFMV | $0 | RcvblFromOfficersEOYFMVAmt |
| Other Nts And Loans Rcvbl | $0 | OtherNtsAndLoansRcvblAmt |
| Other Rcvbl Allwnc Dbtfl Acct | $0 | OtherRcvblAllwncDbtflAcctAmt |
| Other Nts And Loans Rcvbl BOY | $0 | OtherNtsAndLoansRcvblBOYAmt |
| Other Nts And Loans Rcvbl EOY | $0 | OtherNtsAndLoansRcvblEOYAmt |
| Other Nts And Loans Rcvbl EOYFMV | $0 | OtherNtsAndLoansRcvblEOYFMVAmt |
| Prepaid Expenses BOY | $2,991 | PrepaidExpensesBOYAmt |
| Prepaid Expenses EOY | $1,616 | PrepaidExpensesEOYAmt |
| Prepaid Expenses EOYFMV | $1,616 | PrepaidExpensesEOYFMVAmt |
| US Government Obligations BOY | $0 | USGovernmentObligationsBOYAmt |
| US Government Obligations EOY | $0 | USGovernmentObligationsEOYAmt |
| US Govt Obligations EOYFMV | $0 | USGovtObligationsEOYFMVAmt |
| Corporate Stock BOY | $58,838,841 | CorporateStockBOYAmt |
| Corporate Stock EOY | $53,102,512 | CorporateStockEOYAmt |
| Corporate Stock EOYFMV | $53,102,512 | CorporateStockEOYFMVAmt |
| Corporate Bonds BOY | $28,806,933 | CorporateBondsBOYAmt |
| Corporate Bonds EOY | $26,258,731 | CorporateBondsEOYAmt |
| Corporate Bonds EOYFMV | $26,258,731 | CorporateBondsEOYFMVAmt |
| Invst Land Cost Or Other Basis | $0 | InvstLandCostOrOtherBasisAmt |
| Invst Land Accum Depreciation | $0 | InvstLandAccumDepreciationAmt |
| Land Bldg Investments BOY | $0 | LandBldgInvestmentsBOYAmt |
| Land Bldg Investments EOYFMV | $0 | LandBldgInvestmentsEOYFMVAmt |
| Other Investments BOY | $0 | OtherInvestmentsBOYAmt |
| Other Investments EOY | $0 | OtherInvestmentsEOYAmt |
| Other Investments EOYFMV | $0 | OtherInvestmentsEOYFMVAmt |
| Land Bldg Equip Cost Or Other Bss | $0 | LandBldgEquipCostOrOtherBssAmt |
| Land Bldg Equip Accum Deprec | $0 | LandBldgEquipAccumDeprecAmt |
| Land BOY | $0 | LandBOYAmt |
| Land EOYFMV | $0 | LandEOYFMVAmt |
| Other Assets BOY | $0 | OtherAssetsBOYAmt |
| Other Assets EOY | $0 | OtherAssetsEOYAmt |
| Other Assets EOYFMV | $0 | OtherAssetsEOYFMVAmt |
| Total Assets BOY | $88,478,001 | TotalAssetsBOYAmt |
| Total Assets EOY | $81,819,690 | TotalAssetsEOYAmt |
| Total Assets EOYFMV | $81,819,690 | TotalAssetsEOYFMVAmt |
| Accounts Payable BOY | $0 | AccountsPayableBOYAmt |
| Accounts Payable EOY | $412 | AccountsPayableEOYAmt |
| Grants Payable BOY | $47,254,742 | GrantsPayableBOYAmt |
| Grants Payable EOY | $43,700,757 | GrantsPayableEOYAmt |
| Loans From Officers BOY | $0 | LoansFromOfficersBOYAmt |
| Loans From Officers EOY | $0 | LoansFromOfficersEOYAmt |
| Mortgages And Notes Payable BOY | $0 | MortgagesAndNotesPayableBOYAmt |
| Mortgages And Notes Payable EOY | $0 | MortgagesAndNotesPayableEOYAmt |
| Total Liabilities BOY | $47,254,742 | TotalLiabilitiesBOYAmt |
| Total Liabilities EOY | $43,701,169 | TotalLiabilitiesEOYAmt |
| Organization Follows FASB117 | Yes (X) | OrganizationFollowsFASB117Ind |
| No Donor Rstr Net Assests BOY | $41,223,259 | NoDonorRstrNetAssestsBOYAmt |
| No Donor Rstr Net Assests EOY | $38,118,521 | NoDonorRstrNetAssestsEOYAmt |
| Tot Net Ast Or Fund Balances BOY | $41,223,259 | TotNetAstOrFundBalancesBOYAmt |
| Tot Net Ast Or Fund Balances EOY | $38,118,521 | TotNetAstOrFundBalancesEOYAmt |
| Total Liabilities Net Ast BOY | $88,478,001 | TotalLiabilitiesNetAstBOYAmt |
| Total Liabilities Net Ast EOY | $81,819,690 | TotalLiabilitiesNetAstEOYAmt |
Chg In Net Assets Fund Balances ChgInNetAssetsFundBalancesGrp
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Tot Net Ast Or Fund Balances BOY | $41,223,259 | TotNetAstOrFundBalancesBOYAmt |
| Excess Revenue Over Expenses | -$3,533,454 | ExcessRevenueOverExpensesAmt |
| Other Increases | $428,716 | OtherIncreasesAmt |
| Subtotal | $38,118,521 | SubtotalAmt |
| Other Decreases | $0 | OtherDecreasesAmt |
| Tot Net Ast Or Fund Balances EOY | $38,118,521 | TotNetAstOrFundBalancesEOYAmt |
Cap Gains Loss Tx Invst Incm Detail CapGainsLossTxInvstIncmDetail
Cap Gains Loss Tx Invst Incm CapGainsLossTxInvstIncmGrp
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Property | PUBLICLY TRADED SECURITIES | PropertyDesc |
| Gross Sales Price | $13,883,216 | GrossSalesPriceAmt |
| Cost Or Other Basis | $15,369,415 | CostOrOtherBasisAmt |
| Gain Or Loss | -$1,486,199 | GainOrLossAmt |
| Excess FMV Over Adjusted Bss | $0 | ExcessFMVOverAdjustedBssAmt |
| Gains Minus Excess Or Losses | -$1,486,199 | GainsMinusExcessOrLossesAmt |
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Capital Gain Net Income | -$1,486,199 | CapitalGainNetIncomeAmt |
| Net Short Term Capital Gain Loss | $0 | NetShortTermCapitalGainLossAmt |
Excise Tax Based On Invst Incm ExciseTaxBasedOnInvstIncmGrp
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Investment Income Excise Tax | $24,059 | InvestmentIncomeExciseTaxAmt |
| Subtotal | $24,059 | SubtotalAmt |
| Tax Based On Investment Income | $24,059 | TaxBasedOnInvestmentIncomeAmt |
| Estimated Plus Ovpmt Incm Tx | $27,500 | EstimatedPlusOvpmtIncmTxAmt |
| Total Payments And Credits | $27,500 | TotalPaymentsAndCreditsAmt |
| Overpayment | $3,441 | OverpaymentAmt |
| Applied To ES Tax | $3,441 | AppliedToESTaxAmt |
| Refund | $0 | RefundAmt |
Statements Regarding Acty StatementsRegardingActyGrp
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Legislative Political Acty | false | LegislativePoliticalActyInd |
| More Than100 Spent | false | MoreThan100SpentInd |
| Form1120 POL Filed | false | Form1120POLFiledInd |
| Activities Not Previously Rpt | false | ActivitiesNotPreviouslyRptInd |
| Changes To Articles Or Bylaws | false | ChangesToArticlesOrBylawsInd |
| Unrelated Bus Incm Over Limit | false | UnrelatedBusIncmOverLimitInd |
| Organization Dissolved Etc | false | OrganizationDissolvedEtcInd |
| Section508e Rqr Satisfied | Yes (true) | Section508eRqrSatisfiedInd |
| At Least5000 In Assets | Yes (true) | AtLeast5000InAssetsInd |
| Org Report Or Register State | IL | OrgReportOrRegisterStateCd |
| Form990 PF Filed With Atty Gen | Yes (true) | Form990PFFiledWithAttyGenInd |
| Private Operating Foundation | false | PrivateOperatingFoundationInd |
| New Substantial Contributors | false | NewSubstantialContributorsInd |
| Own Controlled Entity | false | OwnControlledEntityInd |
| Donor Advised Fund | false | DonorAdvisedFundInd |
| Comply With Public Insp Rqr | Yes (true) | ComplyWithPublicInspRqrInd |
| Website Address | www.brownformanfoundation.org | WebsiteAddressTxt |
| Individual With Books | Jill Horn | IndividualWithBooksNm |
| Phone | 5027745918 | PhoneNum |
Location Of Books US Address LocationOfBooksUSAddress
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Address Line1 | 850 Dixie Highway | AddressLine1Txt |
| City | Louisville | CityNm |
| State Abbreviation | KY | StateAbbreviationCd |
| ZIP | 40210 | ZIPCd |
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Foreign Accounts Question | false | ForeignAccountsQuestionInd |
Statements Regarding Acty4720 StatementsRegardingActy4720Grp
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Sale Or Exch Disqualified Prsn | false | SaleOrExchDisqualifiedPrsnInd |
| Brrw Or Lend Disqualified Prsn | false | BrrwOrLendDisqualifiedPrsnInd |
| Furn Goods Disqualified Prsn | Yes (true) | FurnGoodsDisqualifiedPrsnInd |
| Pay Comp Disqualified Prsn | false | PayCompDisqualifiedPrsnInd |
| Transfer Ast Disqualified Prsn | false | TransferAstDisqualifiedPrsnInd |
| Payment To Government Official | false | PaymentToGovernmentOfficialInd |
| Acts Fail To Qlfy As Exceptions | false | ActsFailToQlfyAsExceptionsInd |
| Uncorrected Prior Acts | false | UncorrectedPriorActsInd |
| Undistributed Income PY | false | UndistributedIncomePYInd |
| Business Holdings | false | BusinessHoldingsInd |
| Jeopardy Investments | false | JeopardyInvestmentsInd |
| Uncorrected PY Jeopardy Invst | false | UncorrectedPYJeopardyInvstInd |
| Influence Legislation | false | InfluenceLegislationInd |
| Influence Election | false | InfluenceElectionInd |
| Grants To Individuals | false | GrantsToIndividualsInd |
| Grants To Organizations | false | GrantsToOrganizationsInd |
| Noncharitable Purpose | false | NoncharitablePurposeInd |
| Rcv Fnds To Pay Prsnl Bnft Cntrct | false | RcvFndsToPayPrsnlBnftCntrctInd |
| Pay Premiums Prsnl Bnft Cntrct | false | PayPremiumsPrsnlBnftCntrctInd |
| Prohibited Tax Shelter Trans | false | ProhibitedTaxShelterTransInd |
| Subj To Tax Rmnrtn Ex Prcht Pymt | false | SubjToTaxRmnrtnExPrchtPymtInd |
Officer Dir Trst Key Empl Info OfficerDirTrstKeyEmplInfoGrp
Officer Dir Trst Key Empl OfficerDirTrstKeyEmplGrp (8 entries)
| Address Line1USAddress/AddressLine1Txt | CityUSAddress/CityNm | State AbbreviationUSAddress/StateAbbreviationCd | ZIPUSAddress/ZIPCd | TitleTitleTxt | Average Hrs Per Wk Devoted To PosAverageHrsPerWkDevotedToPosRt | CompensationCompensationAmt | Employee Benefit ProgramEmployeeBenefitProgramAmt | Expense Account Other AllwncExpenseAccountOtherAllwncAmt |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jill Horn | ||||||||
| 850 Dixie Highway | Louisville | KY | 40210 | Executive Director | 15.000 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| Sanjhi Agrawal | ||||||||
| 850 Dixie Highway | Louisville | KY | 40210 | Treasurer (until Jan 2023) | 2.500 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| Lawson Whiting | ||||||||
| 850 Dixie Highway | Louisville | KY | 40210 | Director | 1.000 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| Chris Brown | ||||||||
| 850 Dixie Highway | Louisville | KY | 40210 | Director | 1.000 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| Dace Polk Brown | ||||||||
| 850 Dixie Highway | Louisville | KY | 40210 | Director | 1.000 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| Owsley Brown III | ||||||||
| 850 Dixie Highway | Louisville | KY | 40210 | Director | 1.000 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| Crystal Peterson | ||||||||
| 850 Dixie Highway | Louisville | KY | 40210 | President | 5.000 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| Sue PERRAM | ||||||||
| 850 Dixie Highway | Louisville | KY | 40210 | Treasurer (beg Jan 2023) | 2.500 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Other Employee Paid Over50k | 0 | OtherEmployeePaidOver50kCnt |
| Contractor Paid Over50k | 0 | ContractorPaidOver50kCnt |
Sum Of Program Related Invst SumOfProgramRelatedInvstGrp
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Total | $0 | TotalAmt |
Minimum Investment Return MinimumInvestmentReturnGrp
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Average Monthly FMV Of Sec | $81,768,574 | AverageMonthlyFMVOfSecAmt |
| Average Monthly Cash Balances | $76,607 | AverageMonthlyCashBalancesAmt |
| FMV All Other Noncharitable Ast | $0 | FMVAllOtherNoncharitableAstAmt |
| Total FMV Of Unused Assets | $81,845,181 | TotalFMVOfUnusedAssetsAmt |
| Reduction Claimed | $0 | ReductionClaimedAmt |
| Adjusted Total FMV Of Unused Ast | $81,845,181 | AdjustedTotalFMVOfUnusedAstAmt |
| Cash Deemed Charitable | $1,227,678 | CashDeemedCharitableAmt |
| Net Vl Noncharitable Assets | $80,617,503 | NetVlNoncharitableAssetsAmt |
| Minimum Investment Return | $4,030,875 | MinimumInvestmentReturnAmt |
Distributable Amount DistributableAmountGrp
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Minimum Investment Return | $4,030,875 | MinimumInvestmentReturnAmt |
| Tax Based On Investment Income | $24,059 | TaxBasedOnInvestmentIncomeAmt |
| Total Tax | $24,059 | TotalTaxAmt |
| Distributable Before Adj | $4,006,816 | DistributableBeforeAdjAmt |
| Distributable Before Ded | $4,006,816 | DistributableBeforeDedAmt |
| Distributable As Adjusted | $4,006,816 | DistributableAsAdjustedAmt |
PF Qualifying Distributions PFQualifyingDistributionsGrp
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Expenses And Contributions | $7,307,758 | ExpensesAndContributionsAmt |
| Program Related Invst Total | $0 | ProgramRelatedInvstTotalAmt |
| Set Aside Cash Distri Test | $0 | SetAsideCashDistriTestAmt |
| Qualifying Distributions | $7,307,758 | QualifyingDistributionsAmt |
Undistributed Income UndistributedIncomeGrp
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Distributable As Adjusted | $4,006,816 | DistributableAsAdjustedAmt |
| Undistributed Income PY | $0 | UndistributedIncomePYAmt |
| Prior Year1 | 2020 | PriorYear1Yr |
| Prior Year2 | 2019 | PriorYear2Yr |
| Prior Year3 | 2018 | PriorYear3Yr |
| Total For Prior Years | $0 | TotalForPriorYearsAmt |
| Excess Distribution Cyov Yr5 | $0 | ExcessDistributionCyovYr5Amt |
| Excess Distribution Cyov Yr4 | $0 | ExcessDistributionCyovYr4Amt |
| Excess Distribution Cyov Yr3 | $0 | ExcessDistributionCyovYr3Amt |
| Excess Distribution Cyov Yr2 | $1,705,986 | ExcessDistributionCyovYr2Amt |
| Excess Distribution Cyov Yr1 | $0 | ExcessDistributionCyovYr1Amt |
| Total Excess Distribution Cyov | $1,705,986 | TotalExcessDistributionCyovAmt |
| Qualifying Distributions | $7,307,758 | QualifyingDistributionsAmt |
| Applied To Year1 | $0 | AppliedToYear1Amt |
| Applied To Prior Years | $0 | AppliedToPriorYearsAmt |
| Treated As Distri From Corpus | $0 | TreatedAsDistriFromCorpusAmt |
| Applied To Current Year | $4,006,816 | AppliedToCurrentYearAmt |
| Remaining Distri From Corpus | $3,300,942 | RemainingDistriFromCorpusAmt |
| Excess Distribution Cyov App CY | $0 | ExcessDistributionCyovAppCYAmt |
| Total Corpus | $5,006,928 | TotalCorpusAmt |
| Prior Year Undistributed Incm | $0 | PriorYearUndistributedIncmAmt |
| Taxable1 | $0 | Taxable1Amt |
| Taxable2 | $0 | Taxable2Amt |
| Undistributed Income CY | $0 | UndistributedIncomeCYAmt |
| Corpus Distri170b1 E Or4942g3 | $0 | CorpusDistri170b1EOr4942g3Amt |
| Excess Distri Cyov From Yr5 | $0 | ExcessDistriCyovFromYr5Amt |
| Excess Distri Cyov To Next Yr | $5,006,928 | ExcessDistriCyovToNextYrAmt |
| Excess From Year4 | $0 | ExcessFromYear4Amt |
| Excess From Year3 | $0 | ExcessFromYear3Amt |
| Excess From Year2 | $1,705,986 | ExcessFromYear2Amt |
| Excess From Year1 | $0 | ExcessFromYear1Amt |
| Excess From Current Year | $3,300,942 | ExcessFromCurrentYearAmt |
Supplementary Information SupplementaryInformationGrp
Application Submission Info ApplicationSubmissionInfoGrp
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Recipient Person | Jill Horn | RecipientPersonNm |
Recipient US Address RecipientUSAddress
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Address Line1 | 850 Dixie Highway | AddressLine1Txt |
| City | Louisville | CityNm |
| State Abbreviation | KY | StateAbbreviationCd |
| ZIP | 40210 | ZIPCd |
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Recipient Phone | 5027745918 | RecipientPhoneNum |
| Recipient Email Address | jill_horn@b-f.com | RecipientEmailAddressTxt |
| Form And Info And Materials | The Foundation does have a formal online grant application for proposals and follow-up grant report. The online grant application may be accessed at: https://www.brownformanfoundation.org/grant-criteria/. | FormAndInfoAndMaterialsTxt |
| Submission Deadlines | Submission deadlines for May 1, 2022 through April 30, 2023 are May 1, Aug. 1, Nov. 1, Feb. 1 | SubmissionDeadlinesTxt |
| Restrictions On Awards | THE FOUNDATION WILL PROVIDE DISTRIBUTIONS AND MAY PROVIDE SUPPORT TO OTHER ORGANIZATIONS FOR CHARITABLE, LITERACY, SCIENTIFIC, AND EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES. THE FOUNDATION ALONG WITH FUNDING FROM THE BROWN-FORMAN CORPORATION ENRICHES THE EXPERIENCE OF LIFE IN COMMUNITIES WHERE BROWN-FORMAN CORPORATION OPERATES AND ITS EMPLOYEES ARE LOCATED. | RestrictionsOnAwardsTxt |
Grant Or Contribution Pd Dur Yr GrantOrContributionPdDurYrGrp (39 entries)
| Address Line1RecipientUSAddress/AddressLine1Txt | CityRecipientUSAddress/CityNm | State AbbreviationRecipientUSAddress/StateAbbreviationCd | ZIPRecipientUSAddress/ZIPCd | Recipient RelationshipRecipientRelationshipTxt | Recipient Foundation StatusRecipientFoundationStatusTxt | Grant Or Contribution PurposeGrantOrContributionPurposeTxt | AmtAmt |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Academy of Music Production Education and Development | |||||||
| 4425 Greenwood Ave | Louisville | KY | 40211 | NONE | PC | General program support | $500,000 |
| ACTORS THEATRE OF LOUISVILLE INC | |||||||
| 316 W Main St | Louisville | KY | 40202 | NONE | PC | General program support | $200,000 |
| Big Brothers Big Sisters of Kentuckiana | |||||||
| 1519 Gardiner Lane | Louisville | KY | 40218 | NONE | PC | General program support | $100,000 |
| BLESSINGS IN A BACKPACK INC | |||||||
| PO Box 950291 | Louisville | KY | 40295 | NONE | PC | General program support | $25,000 |
| Brightside Foundation | |||||||
| P O Box 70362 Suite 200 | Louisville | KY | 40270 | NONE | PC | General program support | $25,000 |
| Catholic Education Foundation | |||||||
| 401 W Main Street Suite 806 | Louisville | KY | 40202 | NONE | PC | General program support | $33,000 |
| CENTER FOR NONPROFIT EXCELLENCE | |||||||
| 323 West Broadway Suite 501 | Louisville | KY | 40202 | NONE | PC | General program support | $35,000 |
| CENTER FOR WOMEN AND FAMILIES INC | |||||||
| 927 S 2nd Street | Louisville | KY | 40203 | NONE | PC | General program support | $25,000 |
| Dare to Care Food Bank | |||||||
| PO Box 35458 5803 Fern Valley Road | Louisville | KY | 40232 | NONE | PC | General program support | $50,000 |
| Elderserve | |||||||
| 215 W Breckinridge Street | Louisville | KY | 40203 | NONE | PC | General program support | $50,000 |
| Evolve502 Scholars Fountaion Inc | |||||||
| 334 E Broadway | Louisville | KY | 40202 | NONE | PC | General program support | $50,000 |
| Family and Children's Place | |||||||
| 525 Zane Street | Louisville | KY | 40203 | NONE | PC | General program support | $75,000 |
| Family Scholar House | |||||||
| 403 Reg Smith Cir | Louisville | KY | 40208 | NONE | PC | General program support | $25,000 |
| Frazier History Museum | |||||||
| 829 W Main St | Louisville | KY | 40202 | NONE | PC | General program support | $75,000 |
| FUND FOR THE ARTS | |||||||
| 623 West Main Street | Louisville | KY | 40202 | NONE | PC | General program support | $150,000 |
| GILDA'S CLUB KENTUCKIANA | |||||||
| 633 Baxter Avenue | Louisville | KY | 40204 | NONE | PC | General program support | $60,000 |
| HOME OF THE INNOCENTS | |||||||
| 1100 East Market Street | Louisville | KY | 40206 | NONE | PC | General program support | $50,000 |
| HOSPARUS INC | |||||||
| 3532 EPHRAIM MCDOWELL DRIVE | Louisville | KY | 40205 | NONE | PC | General program support | $30,000 |
| Junior Achievement of Kentuckiana | |||||||
| 1401 W Muhammad Ali Blvd | Louisville | KY | 40203 | NONE | PC | General program support | $20,000 |
| Kentucky Opera Association | |||||||
| 323 West Broadway Suite 601 | Louisville | KY | 40202 | NONE | PC | General program support | $150,000 |
| Louisville Central Community Centers Inc | |||||||
| 1300 West Muhammad Ali Blvd | Louisville | KY | 40203 | NONE | PC | General program support | $1,000,000 |
| Louisville Urban League | |||||||
| 1535 W Broadway | Louisville | KY | 40203 | NONE | PC | General program support | $500,000 |
| MARYHURST | |||||||
| 1015 Dorsey Lane | Louisville | KY | 40223 | NONE | PC | General program support | $60,000 |
| Metro United Way | |||||||
| 334 East Broadway PO Box 4488 | Louisville | KY | 40204 | NONE | PC | General program support | $200,000 |
| NATIVITY ACADEMY | |||||||
| 529 E Liberty St | Louisville | KY | 40202 | NONE | PC | General program support | $50,000 |
| NEIGHBORHOOD HOUSE | |||||||
| 201 N 25th Street | Louisville | KY | 40212 | NONE | PC | General program support | $25,000 |
| NEW DIRECTIONS HOUSING CORP | |||||||
| 1617 Maple Street | Louisville | KY | 40210 | NONE | PC | General program support | $30,000 |
| NEW ROOTS INC | |||||||
| 1800 Portland Ave 1060 | Louisville | KY | 40203 | NONE | PC | General program support | $25,000 |
| SEVEN COUNTIES SERVICES | |||||||
| 10401 Linn Station Road Suite 100 | Louisville | KY | 40223 | NONE | PC | General program support | $25,000 |
| Simmons College of Kentucky Inc | |||||||
| 1018 S 7TH ST | Louisville | KY | 40203 | NONE | PC | General program support | $1,000,000 |
| Speed Art Museum | |||||||
| 2035 South Third Street | Louisville | KY | 40208 | NONE | PC | General program support | $100,000 |
| Speed Art Museum | |||||||
| 2035 South Third Street | Louisville | KY | 40208 | NONE | PC | General program support | $50,000 |
| STAGEONE FAMILY THEATRE | |||||||
| 315 W Market Street Suite 2S | Louisville | KY | 40202 | NONE | PC | General program support | $30,000 |
| The Healing Place | |||||||
| 1020 West Market | Louisville | KY | 40202 | NONE | PC | General program support | $65,000 |
| The Kentucky Science Center | |||||||
| 727 W Main St | Louisville | KY | 40202 | NONE | PC | General program support | $30,000 |
| THE PARKLANDS OF FLOYDS FORK | |||||||
| 1357 Bardstown Rd | Louisville | KY | 40204 | NONE | PC | General program support | $50,000 |
| University of Louisville Foundation | |||||||
| 2005 S First Street | Louisville | KY | 40208 | NONE | PC | General program support | $150,000 |
| West End School | |||||||
| 3628 Virginia Ave | Louisville | KY | 40211 | NONE | PC | General program support | $2,000,000 |
| YMCA OF GREATER LOUISVILLE | |||||||
| 545 S 2nd St | Louisville | KY | 40202 | NONE | PC | General program support | $100,000 |
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Total Grant Or Contri Pd Dur Yr | $7,218,000 | TotalGrantOrContriPdDurYrAmt |
Grant Or Contri Apprv For Fut GrantOrContriApprvForFutGrp (25 entries)
| Address Line1RecipientUSAddress/AddressLine1Txt | CityRecipientUSAddress/CityNm | State AbbreviationRecipientUSAddress/StateAbbreviationCd | ZIPRecipientUSAddress/ZIPCd | Recipient RelationshipRecipientRelationshipTxt | Recipient Foundation StatusRecipientFoundationStatusTxt | Grant Or Contribution PurposeGrantOrContributionPurposeTxt | AmtAmt |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Academy of Music Production Education and Development | |||||||
| 4425 Greenwood Ave | Louisville | KY | 40211 | NONE | PC | General program support | $4,500,000 |
| Adelante Hispanic Achievers Inc | |||||||
| 4801 Southside Dr | Louisville | KY | 40214 | NONE | PC | General program support | $25,000 |
| Boys & Girls Clubs of Kentuckiana | |||||||
| 3900 Crittenden Dr | Louisville | KY | 40209 | NONE | PC | General program support | $25,000 |
| Cabbage Patch Settlement House Inc | |||||||
| 1413 South Sixth Street | Louisville | KY | 40208 | NONE | PC | General program support | $30,000 |
| Habitat for Humanity of Metro Louisville Inc | |||||||
| 1620 Bank Street | Louisville | KY | 40203 | NONE | PC | General program support | $40,000 |
| Kentucky Center for The Arts Corporation | |||||||
| 501 W Main St | Louisville | KY | 40202 | NONE | PC | General program support | $50,000 |
| Kentucky Dance Council Inc | |||||||
| 315 E Main Street | Louisville | KY | 40202 | NONE | PC | General program support | $200,000 |
| Louisville Central Community Centers Inc | |||||||
| 1300 West Muhammad Ali Blvd | Louisville | KY | 40203 | NONE | PC | General program support | $9,000,000 |
| Louisville Urban League | |||||||
| 1535 W Broadway | Louisville | KY | 40203 | NONE | PC | General program support | $4,500,000 |
| Louisville Youth Group Inc | |||||||
| 417 E Broadway | Louisville | KY | 40202 | NONE | PC | General program support | $40,000 |
| Louisville Zoo Foundation Inc | |||||||
| 1100 Trevilian Way | Louisville | KY | 40213 | NONE | PC | General program support | $100,000 |
| River City Drum Corp Cultural Arts Institute | |||||||
| 3308 Chauncey Ave | Louisville | KY | 40211 | NONE | PC | General program support | $70,000 |
| Simmons College of Kentucky Inc | |||||||
| 1018 S 7TH ST | Louisville | KY | 40203 | NONE | PC | General program support | $9,000,000 |
| Sowing Seeds With Faith | |||||||
| 2925 Bank St | Louisville | KY | 40212 | NONE | PC | General program support | $50,000 |
| Spalding University | |||||||
| 845 S 3rd St | Louisville | KY | 40202 | NONE | PC | General program support | $50,000 |
| Speed Art Museum | |||||||
| 2035 South Third Street | Louisville | KY | 40208 | NONE | PC | General program support | $125,000 |
| The Filson Historical Society Inc | |||||||
| 1310 S 3rd St | Louisville | KY | 40208 | NONE | PC | General program support | $82,000 |
| The Louisville Orchestra Inc | |||||||
| 620 W Main Street Suite 600 | Louisville | KY | 40202 | NONE | PC | General program support | $200,000 |
| The Morton Center Inc | |||||||
| 1028 Barret Ave | Louisville | KY | 40204 | NONE | PC | General program support | $70,000 |
| University of Kentucky | |||||||
| Johnson Center 177 Johnson Center | Lexington | KY | 40506 | NONE | GOV | General program support | $90,000 |
| University of Louisville Foundation Inc | |||||||
| 2005 S First Street | Louisville | KY | 40506 | NONE | PC | General program support | $520,000 |
| Volunteers of America Mid-States | |||||||
| 570 South 4th Street Suite 100 | Louisville | KY | 40202 | NONE | PC | General program support | $65,000 |
| West End School | |||||||
| 3628 Virginia Ave | Louisville | KY | 40211 | NONE | PC | General program support | $18,000,000 |
| Young Adult Development In Action | |||||||
| 812 S Preston St | Louisville | KY | 40203 | NONE | PC | General program support | $25,000 |
| (no name) | |||||||
| DISCOUNT ON PLEDGES | -$3,156,243 | ||||||
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Total Grant Or Contri Apprv Fut | $43,700,757 | TotalGrantOrContriApprvFutAmt |
Analysis Income Producing Acty AnalysisIncomeProducingActyGrp
Int On Sav And Temp Cash Invst IntOnSavAndTempCashInvstGrp
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Exclusion | 14 | ExclusionCd |
| Exclusion | $51,197 | ExclusionAmt |
Dividends And Interest From Sec Dtl DividendsAndInterestFromSecDtl
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Exclusion | 14 | ExclusionCd |
| Exclusion | $1,847,540 | ExclusionAmt |
Gain Sales Ast Oth Than Invntry GainSalesAstOthThanInvntryGrp
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Exclusion | 18 | ExclusionCd |
| Exclusion | -$1,486,199 | ExclusionAmt |
Other Revenue Described OtherRevenueDescribedGrp
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Desc | Change in Accrued Income | Desc |
| Exclusion | 18 | ExclusionCd |
| Exclusion | $11,962 | ExclusionAmt |
Subtotals Incm Producing Acty SubtotalsIncmProducingActyGrp
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Unrelated Business Taxbl Incm | $0 | UnrelatedBusinessTaxblIncmAmt |
| Exclusion | $424,500 | ExclusionAmt |
| Related Or Exempt Function Incm | $0 | RelatedOrExemptFunctionIncmAmt |
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Total Income Producing Acty | $424,500 | TotalIncomeProducingActyAmt |
Trnsfr Trans Rln Nonchrtbl EO TrnsfrTransRlnNonchrtblEOGrp
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Trnsfr Of Cash To Nonchrtbl EO | false | TrnsfrOfCashToNonchrtblEOInd |
| Trnsfr Other Asset Nonchrtbl EO | false | TrnsfrOtherAssetNonchrtblEOInd |
| Sales Or Exchanges Of Assets | false | SalesOrExchangesOfAssetsInd |
| Purchase Of Assets Nonchrtbl EO | false | PurchaseOfAssetsNonchrtblEOInd |
| Rental Of Facilities Oth Assets | false | RentalOfFacilitiesOthAssetsInd |
| Reimbursement Arrangements | false | ReimbursementArrangementsInd |
| Loans Or Loan Guarantees | false | LoansOrLoanGuaranteesInd |
| Performance Of Services Etc | Yes (true) | PerformanceOfServicesEtcInd |
| Sharing Of Facilities Etc | false | SharingOfFacilitiesEtcInd |
Transfer Schedule Detail TransferScheduleDetail
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Line Number | 1b(6) | LineNumberTxt |
| Involved | $10,000 | InvolvedAmt |
Noncharitable Exempt Org Name NoncharitableExemptOrgName
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Business Name Line1 | COUNCIL ON FOUNDATIONS | BusinessNameLine1Txt |
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Transfers Trans And Shr Arrngm | ANNUAL MEMBERSHIP DUES | TransfersTransAndShrArrngmDesc |
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Relationships Nonchrtbl EO | false | RelationshipsNonchrtblEOInd |
Accounting Fees Schedule AccountingFeesSchedule
Accounting Fees Detail AccountingFeesDetail
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Category | Accounting Fees | CategoryTxt |
| Amt | $52,553 | Amt |
| Net Investment Income | $12,258 | NetInvestmentIncomeAmt |
| Disbursements Charitable Prps | $40,295 | DisbursementsCharitablePrpsAmt |
Investments Corp Bonds Schedule InvestmentsCorpBondsSchedule
Investments Corporate Bonds InvestmentsCorporateBondsGrp
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Bond | Fixed Income | BondNm |
| EOY Book Value | $26,258,731 | EOYBookValueAmt |
| EOYFMV | $26,258,731 | EOYFMVAmt |
Investments Corp Stock Schedule InvestmentsCorpStockSchedule
Investments Corporate Stock InvestmentsCorporateStockGrp
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Stock | Equities | StockNm |
| EOY Book Value | $53,102,512 | EOYBookValueAmt |
| EOYFMV | $53,102,512 | EOYFMVAmt |
Legal Fees Schedule LegalFeesSchedule
Legal Fees LegalFeesGrp
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Category | Legal Fees | CategoryTxt |
| Legal Fees | $5,236 | LegalFeesAmt |
| Disbursements Charitable Prps | $5,236 | DisbursementsCharitablePrpsAmt |
Other Expenses Schedule OtherExpensesSchedule
Other Expenses Schedule OtherExpensesScheduleGrp (4 entries)
| DescDesc | Revenue And Expenses Per BooksRevenueAndExpensesPerBooksAmt | Disbursements Charitable PrpsDisbursementsCharitablePrpsAmt |
|---|---|---|
| Membership Dues | $10,000 | $10,000 |
| State Registration Fees | $15 | $15 |
| Other operating Expenses | $100 | $100 |
| Insurance | $3,807 | $3,807 |
Other Income Schedule2 OtherIncomeSchedule2
Other Income Detail OtherIncomeDetail
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Desc | Change in Accrued Income | Desc |
| Revenue And Expenses Per Books | $11,962 | RevenueAndExpensesPerBooksAmt |
| Net Investment Income | $11,962 | NetInvestmentIncomeAmt |
Other Increases Schedule OtherIncreasesSchedule
Other Increases Detail OtherIncreasesDetail
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Desc | UNREALIZED GAIN ON INVESTMENTS | Desc |
| Amt | $428,716 | Amt |
Other Professional Fees Schedule OtherProfessionalFeesSchedule
Other Professional Fees Detail OtherProfessionalFeesDetail (2 entries)
| CategoryCategoryTxt | AmtAmt | Net Investment IncomeNetInvestmentIncomeAmt | Disbursements Charitable PrpsDisbursementsCharitablePrpsAmt |
|---|---|---|---|
| Investment Management Fees | $167,548 | $167,548 | |
| Other Professional Fees | $30,305 | $30,305 |
Taxes Schedule TaxesSchedule
Taxes Detail TaxesDetail
| Field | Value | IRS element (for citing) |
|---|---|---|
| Category | Excise Taxes | CategoryTxt |
| Amt | $24,375 | Amt |
Comments