IMPROVING ECONOMIES FOR STRONGER COMMUNITIES: Form 990, tax year 2023

View the entire original 990 at ProPublica ↗

Organization
IMPROVING ECONOMIES FOR STRONGER COMMUNITIES (EIN 13-2503656)
Tax period
2023-01-01 to 2023-12-31
Filed
2024-11-13
IRS object ID
202433189349305293
Schema version
2023v5.1
Source
Download XML · Original 990 at ProPublica

Every field in the e-filed return. Faint text is the IRS element name, for citing.

Return header ReturnHeader

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Return2024-11-13T12:18:45-06:00ReturnTs
Tax Period End2023-12-31TaxPeriodEndDt

Preparer Firm PreparerFirmGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Preparer Firm EIN470900880PreparerFirmEIN

Preparer Firm Name PreparerFirmName

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1CALIBRE CPA GROUP PLLCBusinessNameLine1Txt

Preparer US Address PreparerUSAddress

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Address Line17501 WISCONSIN AVENUE SUITE 1200AddressLine1Txt
Address Line2WESTAddressLine2Txt
CityBETHESDACityNm
State AbbreviationMDStateAbbreviationCd
ZIP20814ZIPCd
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Return Type990ReturnTypeCd
Tax Period Begin2023-01-01TaxPeriodBeginDt

Filer Filer

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
EIN132503656EIN

Business Name BusinessName

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1IMPROVING ECONOMIES FOR STRONGERBusinessNameLine1Txt
Business Name Line2COMMUNITIESBusinessNameLine2Txt
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Business Name ControlIMPRBusinessNameControlTxt
Phone2025892600PhoneNum

US Address USAddress

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Address Line12000 M STREET NW 250AddressLine1Txt
CityWASHINGTONCityNm
State AbbreviationDCStateAbbreviationCd
ZIP20036ZIPCd

Business Officer BusinessOfficerGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
PersonDAN NICHOLSPersonNm
Person TitleVP, FINANCE AND ACCOUNTINGPersonTitleTxt
Phone2025892600PhoneNum
Signature2024-11-13SignatureDt
Discuss With Paid PreparerYes (1)DiscussWithPaidPreparerInd
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
IRS Responsible Prty Info CurrYes (1)IRSResponsiblePrtyInfoCurrInd

Preparer Person PreparerPersonGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Preparer PersonERIN CRANMERPreparerPersonNm
PTINP01712644PTIN
Phone2023319880PhoneNum
Preparation2024-11-06PreparationDt
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Tax2023TaxYr
Build TS2024-10-15 13:58:12ZBuildTS

Form 990 IRS990

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Name ChangeYes (X)NameChangeInd
Principal OfficerDAVID HARTINGHPrincipalOfficerNm

US Address USAddress

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Address Line12000 M STREET NW 250AddressLine1Txt
CityWASHINGTONCityNm
State AbbreviationDCStateAbbreviationCd
ZIP20036ZIPCd
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Gross Receipts$30,212,303GrossReceiptsAmt
Group Return For Affiliates0GroupReturnForAffiliatesInd
Organization501c3Yes (X)Organization501c3Ind
Website AddressIESC.ORGWebsiteAddressTxt
Type Of Organization CorpYes (X)TypeOfOrganizationCorpInd
Formation1964FormationYr
Legal Domicile StateNYLegalDomicileStateCd
Activity Or MissionIESC IS A LEADING U.S. NONPROFIT ORGANIZATION THAT FOSTERS PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT IN THE ECONOMICALLY DEVELOPING WORLD. SINCE 1964, WE HAVE DELIVERED LASTING SOLUTIONS THAT HAVE RESULTED IN MORE THAN 1.5 MILLION JOBS IN 137 COUNTRIES.ActivityOrMissionDesc
Voting Members Governing Body9VotingMembersGoverningBodyCnt
Voting Members Independent9VotingMembersIndependentCnt
Total Employee59TotalEmployeeCnt
Total Volunteers27TotalVolunteersCnt
Total Gross UBI$0TotalGrossUBIAmt
Net Unrelated Bus Txbl Incm$0NetUnrelatedBusTxblIncmAmt
PY Contributions Grants$23,784,779PYContributionsGrantsAmt
CY Contributions Grants$30,095,129CYContributionsGrantsAmt
PY Program Service Revenue$0PYProgramServiceRevenueAmt
CY Program Service Revenue$0CYProgramServiceRevenueAmt
PY Investment Income$9,475PYInvestmentIncomeAmt
CY Investment Income$117,174CYInvestmentIncomeAmt
PY Other Revenue$0PYOtherRevenueAmt
CY Other Revenue$0CYOtherRevenueAmt
PY Total Revenue$23,794,254PYTotalRevenueAmt
CY Total Revenue$30,212,303CYTotalRevenueAmt
PY Grants And Similar Paid$5,817,357PYGrantsAndSimilarPaidAmt
CY Grants And Similar Paid$9,350,445CYGrantsAndSimilarPaidAmt
PY Benefits Paid To Members$0PYBenefitsPaidToMembersAmt
CY Benefits Paid To Members$0CYBenefitsPaidToMembersAmt
PY Salaries Comp Emp Bnft Paid$11,181,173PYSalariesCompEmpBnftPaidAmt
CY Salaries Comp Emp Bnft Paid$12,929,522CYSalariesCompEmpBnftPaidAmt
PY Total Prof Fndrsng Expns$0PYTotalProfFndrsngExpnsAmt
CY Total Prof Fndrsng Expns$0CYTotalProfFndrsngExpnsAmt
CY Total Fundraising Expense$1,760,790CYTotalFundraisingExpenseAmt
PY Other Expenses$6,255,155PYOtherExpensesAmt
CY Other Expenses$7,086,672CYOtherExpensesAmt
PY Total Expenses$23,253,685PYTotalExpensesAmt
CY Total Expenses$29,366,639CYTotalExpensesAmt
PY Revenues Less Expenses$540,569PYRevenuesLessExpensesAmt
CY Revenues Less Expenses$845,664CYRevenuesLessExpensesAmt
Total Assets BOY$24,366,418TotalAssetsBOYAmt
Total Assets EOY$33,554,070TotalAssetsEOYAmt
Total Liabilities BOY$22,130,535TotalLiabilitiesBOYAmt
Total Liabilities EOY$30,647,622TotalLiabilitiesEOYAmt
Net Assets Or Fund Balances BOY$2,235,883NetAssetsOrFundBalancesBOYAmt
Net Assets Or Fund Balances EOY$2,906,448NetAssetsOrFundBalancesEOYAmt
Info In Schedule O Part IIIYes (X)InfoInScheduleOPartIIIInd
MissionIESC HELPS PEOPLE IMPROVE THEIR LIVES BY CATALYZING PRIVATE SECTOR GROWTH AND EMPLOYMENT IN ECONOMICALLY DEVELOPING COUNTRIES.MissionDesc
Significant New Program Srvc0SignificantNewProgramSrvcInd
Significant Change0SignificantChangeInd
Expense$10,258,937ExpenseAmt
Grant$4,345,938GrantAmt
DescTRADE AND ENTERPRISE: IN THE HOME OFFICE, IESC IS STRUCTURED UNDER A PRACTICE AREA MODEL. OUR THREE CURRENT PRACTICE AREAS INCLUDE: 1) AGRICULTURE-LED GROWTH; 2) TRADE AND ENTERPRISE; AND 3) WORKFORCE, ENTREPRENEURSHIP, AND YOUTH. THE TRADE AND ENTERPRISE PRACTICE AREA WORKS WITH ENTERPRISES ACROSS ECONOMIC SECTORS TO LAUNCH, INNOVATE, AND GROW. IT ALSO WORKS TO ADVANCE TRADE FACILITATION EFFICIENCY, COORDINATION, AND TRANSPARENCY. IESC HAS EIGHT CORE AREAS OF EXPERTISE THAT ARE INTERCONNECTED TO OUR PRACTICE AREAS. THE TRADE AND ENTERPRISE PRACTICE AREA'S WORK INCLUDES ACTIVITIES ACROSS THE FOLLOWING AREAS OF EXPERTISE, LISTED IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER: ACCESS TO FINANCE AND INVESTMENT; BUSINESS ENABLING ENVIRONMENT; INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY STRENGTHENING; ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP; MARKET LINKAGES; AND TRADE FACILITATION.Desc

Prog Srvc Accom Acty2 ProgSrvcAccomActy2Grp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Expense$4,204,777ExpenseAmt
Grant$811,786GrantAmt
DescAGRICULTURE-LED GROWTH: IN THE HOME OFFICE, IESC IS STRUCTURED UNDER A PRACTICE AREA MODEL. OUR THREE CURRENT PRACTICE AREAS INCLUDE: 1) AGRICULTURE-LED GROWTH; 2) TRADE AND ENTERPRISE; AND 3) WORKFORCE, ENTREPRENEURSHIP, AND YOUTH. THE AGRICULTURE-LED GROWTH PRACTICE AREA WORKS TO FOSTER AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE ECONOMICALY DEVELOPING WORLD BY FACILITATING TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, MUTUALLY BENEFICIAL LINKAGES, AND ACCESS TO INFORMATION, TECHNOLOGIES, AND MARKETS. IESC HAS EIGHT CORE AREAS OF EXPERTISE THAT ARE INTERCONNECTED TO OUR PRACTICE AREAS. THE AGRICULTURE-LED GROWTH PRACTICE AREA'S WORK INCLUDES ACTIVITIES ACROSS THE FOLLOWING AREAS OF EXPERTISE, LISTED IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER: ACCESS TO FINANCE AND INVESTMENT; AGRICULTURE-LED GROWTH; BUSINESS ENABLING ENVIRONMENT; INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY STRENGTHENING; ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP; AND MARKET LINKAGES.Desc

Prog Srvc Accom Acty3 ProgSrvcAccomActy3Grp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Expense$8,967,333ExpenseAmt
Grant$4,192,721GrantAmt
DescWORKFORCE, ENTREPRENEURSHIP, AND YOUTH: IN THE HOME OFFICE, IESC IS STRUCTURED UNDER A PRACTICE AREA MODEL. OUR THREE CURRENT PRACTICE AREAS INCLUDE: 1) AGRICULTURE-LED GROWTH; 2) TRADE AND ENTERPRISE; AND 3) WORKFORCE, ENTREPRENEURSHIP, AND YOUTH. THE WORKFORCE, ENTREPRENEURSHIP, AND YOUTH PRACTICE AREA WORKS TO EQUIP JOBSEEKERS WITH MODERN SKILLS AND HELP THEM SECURE IN-DEMAND JOBS, PROMOTE ENTREPRENEURSHIP, AND EMPOWER YOUTH. IESC HAS EIGHT CORE AREAS OF EXPERTISE THAT ARE INTERCONNECTED TO OUR PRACTICE AREAS. THE WORKFORCE, ENTREPRENEURSHIP, AND YOUTH PRACTICE AREA'S WORK INCLUDES ACTIVITIES ACROSS THE FOLLOWING AREAS OF EXPERTISE, LISTED IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER: ACCESS TO FINANCE AND INVESTMENT; BUSINESS ENABLING ENVIRONMENT; INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY STRENGTHENING; ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP; MARKET LINKAGES; AND WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT.Desc
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Program Service Expenses$23,431,047TotalProgramServiceExpensesAmt
Described In Section501c3Yes (1)DescribedInSection501c3Ind
Schedule B RequiredYes (1)ScheduleBRequiredInd
Political Campaign Acty0PoliticalCampaignActyInd
Lobbying ActivitiesYes (1)LobbyingActivitiesInd
Subject To Proxy Tax0SubjectToProxyTaxInd
Donor Advised Fund0DonorAdvisedFundInd
Conservation Easements0ConservationEasementsInd
Collections Of Art0CollectionsOfArtInd
Credit Counseling0CreditCounselingInd
Donor Rstr Or Quasi Endowments0DonorRstrOrQuasiEndowmentsInd
Report Land Building EquipmentYes (1)ReportLandBuildingEquipmentInd
Report Investments Other Sec0ReportInvestmentsOtherSecInd
Report Program Related Invst0ReportProgramRelatedInvstInd
Report Other AssetsYes (1)ReportOtherAssetsInd
Report Other LiabilitiesYes (1)ReportOtherLiabilitiesInd
Include FIN48 FootnoteYes (1)IncludeFIN48FootnoteInd
Independent Audit Fincl StmtYes (1)IndependentAuditFinclStmtInd
Consolidated Audit Fincl Stmt0ConsolidatedAuditFinclStmtInd
School Operating0SchoolOperatingInd
Foreign OfficeYes (1)ForeignOfficeInd
Foreign ActivitiesYes (1)ForeignActivitiesInd
More Than5000 K To OrgYes (1)MoreThan5000KToOrgInd
More Than5000 K To IndividualsYes (1)MoreThan5000KToIndividualsInd
Professional Fundraising0ProfessionalFundraisingInd
Fundraising Activities0FundraisingActivitiesInd
Gaming Activities0GamingActivitiesInd
Operate Hospital0OperateHospitalInd
Grants To OrganizationsYes (1)GrantsToOrganizationsInd
Grants To Individuals0GrantsToIndividualsInd
Schedule J RequiredYes (1)ScheduleJRequiredInd
Tax Exempt Bonds0TaxExemptBondsInd
Engaged In Excess Benefit Trans0EngagedInExcessBenefitTransInd
PY Excess Benefit Trans0PYExcessBenefitTransInd
Loan Outstanding0LoanOutstandingInd
Grant To Related Person0GrantToRelatedPersonInd
Business Rln With Org Mem0BusinessRlnWithOrgMemInd
Business Rln With Fam Mem0BusinessRlnWithFamMemInd
Business Rln With35 Ctrl Ent0BusinessRlnWith35CtrlEntInd
Deductible Non Cash Contri0DeductibleNonCashContriInd
Deductible Art Contribution0DeductibleArtContributionInd
Terminate Operations0TerminateOperationsInd
Partial Liquidation0PartialLiquidationInd
Disregarded Entity0DisregardedEntityInd
Related Entity0RelatedEntityInd
Related Organization Ctrl Ent0RelatedOrganizationCtrlEntInd
Trnsfr Exmpt Non Chrtbl Rltd Org0TrnsfrExmptNonChrtblRltdOrgInd
Activities Conducted Prtshp0ActivitiesConductedPrtshpInd
Schedule O RequiredYes (1)ScheduleORequiredInd
Info In Schedule O Part VYes (X)InfoInScheduleOPartVInd
IRP Document39IRPDocumentCnt
IRP Document W2 G0IRPDocumentW2GCnt
Backup Wthld ComplianceYes (1)BackupWthldComplianceInd
Employee59EmployeeCnt
Employment Tax Returns FiledYes (1)EmploymentTaxReturnsFiledInd
Unrelated Bus Incm Over Limit0UnrelatedBusIncmOverLimitInd
Foreign Financial AccountYes (1)ForeignFinancialAccountInd
Foreign CountryDRForeignCountryCd
Foreign CountryCEForeignCountryCd
Foreign CountryPAForeignCountryCd
Foreign CountryVMForeignCountryCd
Foreign CountryBKForeignCountryCd
Foreign CountryTZForeignCountryCd
Foreign CountryKEForeignCountryCd
Foreign CountryGGForeignCountryCd
Foreign CountryMOForeignCountryCd
Foreign CountryLIForeignCountryCd
Prohibited Tax Shelter Trans0ProhibitedTaxShelterTransInd
Taxable Party Notification0TaxablePartyNotificationInd
Nondeductible Contributions0NondeductibleContributionsInd
Quid Pro Quo Contributions0QuidProQuoContributionsInd
Form8282 Property Disposed Of0Form8282PropertyDisposedOfInd
Rcv Fnds To Pay Prsnl Bnft Cntrct0RcvFndsToPayPrsnlBnftCntrctInd
Pay Premiums Prsnl Bnft Cntrct0PayPremiumsPrsnlBnftCntrctInd
Indoor Tanning Services0IndoorTanningServicesInd
Subj To Tax Rmnrtn Ex Prcht Pymt0SubjToTaxRmnrtnExPrchtPymtInd
Subject To Excs Tax Net Invst Inc0SubjectToExcsTaxNetInvstIncInd
Info In Schedule O Part VIYes (X)InfoInScheduleOPartVIInd
Governing Body Voting Members9GoverningBodyVotingMembersCnt
Independent Voting Member9IndependentVotingMemberCnt
Family Or Business Rln0FamilyOrBusinessRlnInd
Delegation Of Mgmt Duties0DelegationOfMgmtDutiesInd
Change To Org DocumentsYes (1)ChangeToOrgDocumentsInd
Material Diversion Or Misuse0MaterialDiversionOrMisuseInd
Members Or Stockholders0MembersOrStockholdersInd
Election Of Board Members0ElectionOfBoardMembersInd
Decisions Subject To Approva0DecisionsSubjectToApprovaInd
Minutes Of Governing BodyYes (1)MinutesOfGoverningBodyInd
Minutes Of CommitteesYes (1)MinutesOfCommitteesInd
Officer Mailing Address0OfficerMailingAddressInd
Local ChaptersYes (1)LocalChaptersInd
Policies Reference ChaptersYes (1)PoliciesReferenceChaptersInd
Form990 Provided To Gvrn Body0Form990ProvidedToGvrnBodyInd
Conflict Of Interest PolicyYes (1)ConflictOfInterestPolicyInd
Annual Disclosure Covered PrsnYes (1)AnnualDisclosureCoveredPrsnInd
Regular Monitoring EnfrcYes (1)RegularMonitoringEnfrcInd
Whistleblower PolicyYes (1)WhistleblowerPolicyInd
Document Retention PolicyYes (1)DocumentRetentionPolicyInd
Compensation Process CEOYes (1)CompensationProcessCEOInd
Compensation Process OtherYes (1)CompensationProcessOtherInd
Investment In Joint Venture0InvestmentInJointVentureInd
States Where Copy Of Return Is FldNYStatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
Other WebsiteYes (X)OtherWebsiteInd
Upon RequestYes (X)UponRequestInd

Books In Care Of Detail BooksInCareOfDetail

Business Name BusinessName

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1DAN NICHOLSBusinessNameLine1Txt
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Phone2025892642PhoneNum

US Address USAddress

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Address Line12000 M STREET NW NO 250AddressLine1Txt
CityWASHINGTONCityNm
State AbbreviationDCStateAbbreviationCd
ZIP20036ZIPCd

Form990 Part VII Section A Form990PartVIISectionAGrp (22 entries)

TitleTitleTxtAverage Hours Per WeekAverageHoursPerWeekRtIndividual Trustee Or DirectorIndividualTrusteeOrDirectorIndReportable Comp From OrgReportableCompFromOrgAmtReportable Comp From Rltd OrgReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmtOther CompensationOtherCompensationAmtOfficerOfficerIndKey EmployeeKeyEmployeeIndHighest Compensated EmployeeHighestCompensatedEmployeeInd
WING KEITH
CHAIRMAN5.00Yes (X)$0$0$0
MORGAN MCGRATH
DIRECTOR1.00Yes (X)$0$0$0
GILBERT GITICHE
DIRECTOR1.00Yes (X)$0$0$0
STUART FLEISCHMANN
DIRECTOR1.00Yes (X)$0$0$0
RICHARD ALDRICH
DIRECTOR1.00Yes (X)$0$0$0
DONALD LAYTON
DIRECTOR1.00Yes (X)$0$0$0
SUSAN GURLEY
DIRECTOR1.00Yes (X)$0$0$0
JEAN LANGE
DIRECTOR1.00Yes (X)$0$0$0
ROGER LAWRENCE
DIRECTOR1.00Yes (X)$0$0$0
DAVID HARTINGH
CEO/PRESIDENT53.50$385,012$0$42,297Yes (X)
DANIEL NICHOLS
VP FINANCE AND ACCOUNTING49.00$202,280$0$40,148Yes (X)
ERIN SPINNELL
VP OPERATIONS53.75$196,102$0$49,288Yes (X)
JUDIT DEILINGER
VP BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT51.00$204,162$0$45,655Yes (X)
PAM STEVENS
DIRECTOR CONTRACTS & GRANTS49.00$190,008$0$27,001Yes (X)
ADAM KEATTS
AVP AGRICULTURE LED GROWTH45.50$178,108$0$39,839Yes (X)
CHAD FORD
AVP TRADE AND ENTERPRISE49.00$167,865$0$24,876Yes (X)
JOHN LINDSAY
AVP WORKFORCE ENTERPRENUERSHIP AND YOUTH45.00$150,973$0$38,554Yes (X)
BRIAN RUDERT
CHIEF OF PARTY40.00$220,510$0$16,065Yes (X)
PRADEEP LIYANAMANA
CHIEF OF PARTY43.00$224,613$0$56,126Yes (X)
DANIEL FITZPATRICK
CHIEF OF PARTY40.00$174,591$0$42,337Yes (X)
DAVID BLOOD
CHIEF OF PARTY45.00$210,128$0$60,248Yes (X)
CHARLES CONCONI
CHIEF OF PARTY42.00$279,418$0$60,887Yes (X)
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Reportable Comp From Org$2,783,770TotalReportableCompFromOrgAmt
Tot Reportable Comp Rltd Org$0TotReportableCompRltdOrgAmt
Total Other Compensation$543,321TotalOtherCompensationAmt
Indiv Rcvd Greater Than100 K19IndivRcvdGreaterThan100KCnt
Former Ofcr Employees Listed0FormerOfcrEmployeesListedInd
Total Comp Greater Than150 KYes (1)TotalCompGreaterThan150KInd
Compensation From Other Srcs0CompensationFromOtherSrcsInd

Contractor Compensation ContractorCompensationGrp (4 entries)

Address Line1ContractorAddress/USAddress/AddressLine1TxtCityContractorAddress/USAddress/CityNmState AbbreviationContractorAddress/USAddress/StateAbbreviationCdZIPContractorAddress/USAddress/ZIPCdServicesServicesDescCompensationCompensationAmt
AMERICAN INSTITUTES FOR RESEARCH
1400 CRYSTAL DRIVE FLOOR 10ARLINGTONVA22202PROJECT BASELINE STUDY$314,620
SARAMAC CONSULTING LLC
3333 N ST NW APT 4WASHINGTONDC20007AG COMMODITY MONETIZATION AGENT$246,875
JUST RESULTS LLC
5009 WORTHINGTON DRIVEBETHESDAMD20816PROJECT MID-TERM EVALUATION$181,558
FSI STRATEGIES
1595 SPRING HILL RD SUITE 550VIENNAVA22182IT MANAGEMENT$104,061
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Cntrct Rcvd Greater Than100 K4CntrctRcvdGreaterThan100KCnt
Government Grants$26,939,671GovernmentGrantsAmt
All Other Contributions$3,155,458AllOtherContributionsAmt
Total Contributions$30,095,129TotalContributionsAmt

Investment Income InvestmentIncomeGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column$117,174TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Exclusion$117,174ExclusionAmt

Total Revenue TotalRevenueGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column$30,212,303TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Related Or Exempt Func Income$0RelatedOrExemptFuncIncomeAmt
Unrelated Business Revenue$0UnrelatedBusinessRevenueAmt
Exclusion$117,174ExclusionAmt

Grants To Domestic Orgs GrantsToDomesticOrgsGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$791,280TotalAmt
Program Services$791,280ProgramServicesAmt

Foreign Grants ForeignGrantsGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$8,559,165TotalAmt
Program Services$8,559,165ProgramServicesAmt

Comp Current Ofcr Directors CompCurrentOfcrDirectorsGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$1,982,167TotalAmt
Program Services$257,909ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General$1,475,862ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising$248,396FundraisingAmt

Other Salaries And Wages OtherSalariesAndWagesGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$8,840,590TotalAmt
Program Services$6,936,959ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General$1,185,097ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising$718,534FundraisingAmt

Pension Plan Contributions PensionPlanContributionsGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$485,443TotalAmt
Program Services$248,328ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General$158,133ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising$78,982FundraisingAmt

Other Employee Benefits OtherEmployeeBenefitsGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$1,222,145TotalAmt
Program Services$1,067,221ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General$93,087ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising$61,837FundraisingAmt

Payroll Taxes PayrollTaxesGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$399,177TotalAmt
Program Services$174,833ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General$162,229ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising$62,115FundraisingAmt

Fees For Services Legal FeesForServicesLegalGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$98,270TotalAmt
Program Services$43,761ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General$54,509ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Fees For Services Accounting FeesForServicesAccountingGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$54,000TotalAmt
Management And General$54,000ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Fees For Services Other FeesForServicesOtherGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$1,540,547TotalAmt
Program Services$954,391ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General$205,733ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising$380,423FundraisingAmt

Office Expenses OfficeExpensesGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$308,884TotalAmt
Program Services$239,402ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General$60,872ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising$8,610FundraisingAmt

Information Technology InformationTechnologyGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$307,985TotalAmt
Program Services$120,083ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General$187,902ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Occupancy OccupancyGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$964,789TotalAmt
Program Services$548,760ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General$301,144ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising$114,885FundraisingAmt

Travel TravelGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$1,678,757TotalAmt
Program Services$1,581,418ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General$44,425ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising$52,914FundraisingAmt

Conferences Meetings ConferencesMeetingsGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$478,975TotalAmt
Program Services$461,576ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General$17,399ManagementAndGeneralAmt

Depreciation Depletion DepreciationDepletionGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$11,235TotalAmt
Program Services$11,235ProgramServicesAmt

Insurance InsuranceGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$12,247TotalAmt
Program Services$12,247ProgramServicesAmt

Other Expenses OtherExpensesGrp (3 entries)

DescDescTotalTotalAmtProgram ServicesProgramServicesAmtManagement And GeneralManagementAndGeneralAmt
TRAINING & EDUCATION$711,116$679,023$32,093
COMMUNICATION$89,612$89,612
TAXES$20,424$20,424

All Other Expenses AllOtherExpensesGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$809,831TotalAmt
Program Services$633,420ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General$142,317ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising$34,094FundraisingAmt

Total Functional Expenses TotalFunctionalExpensesGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total$29,366,639TotalAmt
Program Services$23,431,047ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General$4,174,802ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising$1,760,790FundraisingAmt

Cash Non Interest Bearing CashNonInterestBearingGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$2,881,842BOYAmt
EOY$19,012,268EOYAmt

Savings And Temp Cash Invst SavingsAndTempCashInvstGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$16,926,986BOYAmt
EOY$8,321,227EOYAmt

Pledges And Grants Receivable PledgesAndGrantsReceivableGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$1,436,846BOYAmt
EOY$4,132,608EOYAmt

Accounts Receivable AccountsReceivableGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$738,894BOYAmt

Prepaid Expenses Defrd Charges PrepaidExpensesDefrdChargesGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$63,496BOYAmt
EOY$26,032EOYAmt
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Land Bldg Equip Cost Or Other Bss$676,181LandBldgEquipCostOrOtherBssAmt
Land Bldg Equip Accum Deprec$659,275LandBldgEquipAccumDeprecAmt

Land Bldg Equip Basis Net LandBldgEquipBasisNetGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$28,141BOYAmt
EOY$16,906EOYAmt

Other Assets Total OtherAssetsTotalGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$2,290,213BOYAmt
EOY$2,045,029EOYAmt

Total Assets TotalAssetsGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$24,366,418BOYAmt
EOY$33,554,070EOYAmt

Accounts Payable Accr Expnss AccountsPayableAccrExpnssGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$1,724,547BOYAmt
EOY$1,231,082EOYAmt

Unsecured Notes Loans Payable UnsecuredNotesLoansPayableGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$398,741BOYAmt
EOY$227,852EOYAmt

Other Liabilities OtherLiabilitiesGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$20,007,247BOYAmt
EOY$29,188,688EOYAmt

Total Liabilities TotalLiabilitiesGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$22,130,535BOYAmt
EOY$30,647,622EOYAmt
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Organization Follows FASB117Yes (X)OrganizationFollowsFASB117Ind

No Donor Restriction Net Assets NoDonorRestrictionNetAssetsGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$2,235,883BOYAmt
EOY$2,906,448EOYAmt

Total Net Assets Fund Balance TotalNetAssetsFundBalanceGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$2,235,883BOYAmt
EOY$2,906,448EOYAmt

Tot Liab Net Assets Fund Balance TotLiabNetAssetsFundBalanceGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
BOY$24,366,418BOYAmt
EOY$33,554,070EOYAmt
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Info In Schedule O Part XIYes (X)InfoInScheduleOPartXIInd
Reconcilation Revenue Expnss$845,664ReconcilationRevenueExpnssAmt
Other Changes In Net Assets-$175,099OtherChangesInNetAssetsAmt
Info In Schedule O Part XIIYes (X)InfoInScheduleOPartXIIInd
Method Of Accounting AccrualYes (X)MethodOfAccountingAccrualInd
Accountant Compile Or Review0AccountantCompileOrReviewInd
FS AuditedYes (1)FSAuditedInd

FS Audited Basis FSAuditedBasisGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Separate Basis Fincl StmtYes (X)SeparateBasisFinclStmtInd
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Audit CommitteeYes (1)AuditCommitteeInd
Federal Grant Audit RequiredYes (1)FederalGrantAuditRequiredInd
Federal Grant Audit PerformedYes (1)FederalGrantAuditPerformedInd

Schedule A IRS990ScheduleA

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Public Organization170Yes (X)PublicOrganization170Ind

Gifts Grants Contri Rcvd170 GiftsGrantsContriRcvd170Grp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Current Tax Year Minus4 Years$20,089,496CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus3 Years$18,080,698CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus2 Years$20,637,334CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus1 Year$23,784,779CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt
Current Tax Year$30,095,129CurrentTaxYearAmt
Total$112,687,436TotalAmt

Total Calendar Year170 TotalCalendarYear170Grp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Current Tax Year Minus4 Years$20,089,496CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus3 Years$18,080,698CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus2 Years$20,637,334CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus1 Year$23,784,779CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt
Current Tax Year$30,095,129CurrentTaxYearAmt
Total$112,687,436TotalAmt
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Public Support Total170$112,687,436PublicSupportTotal170Amt

Gross Investment Income170 GrossInvestmentIncome170Grp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Current Tax Year Minus4 Years$40,009CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus3 Years$6,521CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus2 Years$5,295CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus1 Year$9,475CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt
Current Tax Year$117,174CurrentTaxYearAmt
Total$178,474TotalAmt

Other Income170 OtherIncome170Grp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Current Tax Year Minus2 Years$10,210CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt
Total$10,210TotalAmt
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Support$112,876,120TotalSupportAmt
Public Support CY1700.99830PublicSupportCY170Pct
Public Support PY1700.99880PublicSupportPY170Pct
Thirty Thr Pct Suprt Tests CY170Yes (X)ThirtyThrPctSuprtTestsCY170Ind

Schedule B IRS990ScheduleB

Contributor Information ContributorInformationGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
ContributorRESTRICTEDContributorNum

Contributor Business Name ContributorBusinessName

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1RESTRICTEDBusinessNameLine1

Contributor US Address ContributorUSAddress

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Address Line1RESTRICTEDAddressLine1
Address Line2RESTRICTEDAddressLine2
CityRESTRICTEDCity
StateRESTRICTEDState
ZIP CodeRESTRICTEDZIPCode
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total ContributionsRESTRICTEDTotalContributionsAmt

Schedule C IRS990ScheduleC

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Volunteers0VolunteersInd
Paid Staff Or Management0PaidStaffOrManagementInd
Media Advertisements0MediaAdvertisementsInd
Mailings Members0MailingsMembersInd
Publications Or Broadcast0PublicationsOrBroadcastInd
Grants Other Organizations0GrantsOtherOrganizationsInd
Direct Contact Legislators0DirectContactLegislatorsInd
Rallies Demonstrations0RalliesDemonstrationsInd
Other ActivitiesYes (1)OtherActivitiesInd
Other Activities$5,142OtherActivitiesAmt
Total Lobbying Expenditures$5,142TotalLobbyingExpendituresAmt
Not Described Section501c30NotDescribedSection501c3Ind

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Form And Line ReferencePART II-B, LINE 1:FormAndLineReferenceDesc
ExplanationIESC (AS PART OF A CONSORTIUM WITH OTHER INTERESTED ORGANIZATIONS) PAID (USING ITS OWN RESOURCES--NOT USG FEDERAL FUNDS) THE TORREY ADVISORY GROUP FOR LOBBYING SERVICES RELATED TO THE 2023 FARM BILL.ExplanationTxt

Schedule D IRS990ScheduleD

Equipment EquipmentGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Other Cost Or Other Basis$61,403OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt
Depreciation$61,403DepreciationAmt
Book Value$0BookValueAmt

Other Land Buildings OtherLandBuildingsGrp

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Other Cost Or Other Basis$614,778OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt
Depreciation$597,872DepreciationAmt
Book Value$16,906BookValueAmt
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Book Value Land Buildings$16,906TotalBookValueLandBuildingsAmt

Other Assets Org OtherAssetsOrgGrp (2 entries)

DescDescBook ValueBookValueAmt
SECURITY DEPOSITS$54,179
OPERATING RIGHT-OF-USE ASSET$1,990,850
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Book Value Other Assets$2,045,029TotalBookValueOtherAssetsAmt

Other Liabilities Org OtherLiabilitiesOrgGrp (3 entries)

DescDescAmtAmt
PENSION LIABILITY$313,586
REFUNDABLE ADVANCES$26,720,641
OPERATING LEASE LIABILITY$2,154,461
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total Liability$29,188,688TotalLiabilityAmt
Footnote TextYes (X)FootnoteTextInd
Total Rev Etc Audited Fincl Stmt$30,212,303TotalRevEtcAuditedFinclStmtAmt
Revenue Not Reported$0RevenueNotReportedAmt
Revenue Subtotal$30,212,303RevenueSubtotalAmt
Revenue Not Reported Fincl Stmt$0RevenueNotReportedFinclStmtAmt
Total Revenue Per Form990$30,212,303TotalRevenuePerForm990Amt
Tot Expns Etc Audited Fincl Stmt$29,366,639TotExpnsEtcAuditedFinclStmtAmt
Expenses Not Reported$0ExpensesNotReportedAmt
Expenses Subtotal$29,366,639ExpensesSubtotalAmt
Expenses Not Rpt Fincl Stmt$0ExpensesNotRptFinclStmtAmt
Total Expenses Per Form990$29,366,639TotalExpensesPerForm990Amt

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Form And Line ReferencePART X, LINE 2:FormAndLineReferenceDesc
ExplanationIESC IS GENERALLY EXEMPT FROM FEDERAL INCOME TAXES UNDER THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION 501(C)(3) OF THE INTERNAL REVENUE CODE. IN ADDITION, IESC QUALIFIES FOR CHARITABLE CONTRIBUTIONS DEDUCTIONS AND HAS BEEN CLASSIFIED AS AN ORGANIZATION THAT IS NOT A PRIVATE FOUNDATION. INCOME WHICH IS NOT RELATED TO EXEMPT PURPOSES, LESS APPLICABLE DEDUCTIONS, IS SUBJECT TO FEDERAL AND STATE CORPORATE INCOME TAXES. THERE WAS NO NET TAX LIABILITY FOR UNRELATED BUSINESS INCOME TAX FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2022. MANAGEMENT HAS EVALUATED IESC'S TAX POSITIONS AND HAS CONCLUDED THAT IESC HAS TAKEN NO UNCERTAIN TAX POSITIONS THAT REQUIRE DISCLOSURE. IESC FILES TAX RETURNS IN THE U.S. FEDERAL JURISDICTIONS. GENERALLY, IESC IS NO LONGER SUBJECT TO U.S. FEDERAL OR STATE AND LOCAL INCOME TAX EXAMINATIONS BY TAX AUTHORITIES FOR YEARS BEFORE 2020.ExplanationTxt

Schedule F IRS990ScheduleF

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Grant Records MaintainedYes (1)GrantRecordsMaintainedInd

Account Activities Outside US AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp (20 entries)

RegionRegionTxtOfficesOfficesCntEmployeeEmployeeCntType Of Activities ConductedTypeOfActivitiesConductedTxtSpecific Services ProvidedSpecificServicesProvidedTxtRegion Total ExpendituresRegionTotalExpendituresAmt
CENTRAL AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN226PROGRAM SERVICESTRADE AND ENTERPRISE$3,785,384
CENTRAL AMERICA AND CARIBBEANGRANTS TO RECIPIENTS$863,133
EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFIC229PROGRAM SERVICESTRADE AND ENTERPRISE$1,264,456
EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFICGRANTS TO RECIPIENTS$1,906,499
EUROPE (INCLUDING ICELAND AND GREENLAND)15PROGRAM SERVICESTRADE AND ENTERPRISE$402,971
EUROPE (INCLUDING ICELAND AND GREENLAND)GRANTS TO RECIPIENTS$131,283
RUSSIA AND THE NEWLY INDEPENDENT STATES116PROGRAM SERVICESWORKFORCE, ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND YOUTH$1,213,694
RUSSIA AND THE NEWLY INDEPENDENT STATESGRANTS TO RECIPIENTS$3,147,151
SOUTH AMERICA113PROGRAM SERVICESTRADE AND ENTERPRISE$1,023,050
SOUTH AMERICAGRANTS TO RECIPIENTS$564,549
SOUTH AMERICA27PROGRAM SERVICESWORKFORCE, ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND YOUTH$148,739
SOUTH AMERICAGRANTS TO RECIPIENTS$100,920
SOUTH ASIA251PROGRAM SERVICESAGRICULTURE-LED GROWTH$2,195,616
SOUTH ASIAGRANTS TO RECIPIENTS$1,000,533
SOUTH ASIA440PROGRAM SERVICESAGRICULTURE-LED GROWTH$2,099,964
SOUTH ASIAGRANTS TO RECIPIENTS$629,876
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA SOUTH ASIA25PROGRAM SERVICES$663,636
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA SOUTH ASIAGRANTS TO RECIPIENTS$179,342
MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA13PROGRAM SERVICES$275,847
MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICAGRANTS TO RECIPIENTS$35,879
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Subtotal Offices6SubtotalOfficesCnt
Subtotal Employees76SubtotalEmployeesCnt
Continuation Total Office12ContinuationTotalOfficeCnt
Continuation Total Employee119ContinuationTotalEmployeeCnt
Total Office18TotalOfficeCnt
Total Employee195TotalEmployeeCnt
Subtotal Spent$12,714,571SubtotalSpentAmt
Continuation Spent$8,917,951ContinuationSpentAmt
Total Spent$21,632,522TotalSpentAmt

Grants To Org Outside US GrantsToOrgOutsideUSGrp (154 entries)

RegionRegionTxtPurpose Of GrantPurposeOfGrantTxtCash GrantCashGrantAmtManner Of Cash DisbursementMannerOfCashDisbursementTxtNon Cash AssistanceNonCashAssistanceAmt
EUROPE (INCLUDING ICELAND AND GREENLAND)PROGRAM SERVICES$7,789WIRE TRANSFER$0
EUROPE (INCLUDING ICELAND AND GREENLAND)PROGRAM SERVICES$45,226WIRE TRANSFER$0
EUROPE (INCLUDING ICELAND AND GREENLAND)PROGRAM SERVICES$38,934WIRE TRANSFER$0
RUSSIA AND THE NEWLY INDEPENDENT STATESPROGRAM SERVICES$70,000WIRE TRANSFER$0
RUSSIA AND THE NEWLY INDEPENDENT STATESPROGRAM SERVICES$447,964WIRE TRANSFER$0
RUSSIA AND THE NEWLY INDEPENDENT STATESPROGRAM SERVICES$26,457WIRE TRANSFER$0
RUSSIA AND THE NEWLY INDEPENDENT STATESPROGRAM SERVICES$12,920WIRE TRANSFER$0
RUSSIA AND THE NEWLY INDEPENDENT STATESPROGRAM SERVICES$8,850WIRE TRANSFER$0
RUSSIA AND THE NEWLY INDEPENDENT STATESPROGRAM SERVICES$36,916WIRE TRANSFER$0
RUSSIA AND THE NEWLY INDEPENDENT STATESPROGRAM SERVICES$16,424WIRE TRANSFER$0
RUSSIA AND THE NEWLY INDEPENDENT STATESPROGRAM SERVICES$168,527WIRE TRANSFER$0
RUSSIA AND THE NEWLY INDEPENDENT STATESPROGRAM SERVICES$193,729WIRE TRANSFER$0
RUSSIA AND THE NEWLY INDEPENDENT STATESPROGRAM SERVICES$63,438WIRE TRANSFER$0
RUSSIA AND THE NEWLY INDEPENDENT STATESPROGRAM SERVICES$56,103WIRE TRANSFER$0
RUSSIA AND THE NEWLY INDEPENDENT STATESPROGRAM SERVICES$92,000WIRE TRANSFER$0
RUSSIA AND THE NEWLY INDEPENDENT STATESPROGRAM SERVICES$8,800WIRE TRANSFER$0
RUSSIA AND THE NEWLY INDEPENDENT STATESPROGRAM SERVICES$28,999WIRE TRANSFER$0
RUSSIA AND THE NEWLY INDEPENDENT STATESPROGRAM SERVICES$264,762WIRE TRANSFER$0
RUSSIA AND THE NEWLY INDEPENDENT STATESPROGRAM SERVICES$24,520WIRE TRANSFER$0
RUSSIA AND THE NEWLY INDEPENDENT STATESPROGRAM SERVICES$22,048WIRE TRANSFER$0
RUSSIA AND THE NEWLY INDEPENDENT STATESPROGRAM SERVICES$79,991WIRE TRANSFER$0
RUSSIA AND THE NEWLY INDEPENDENT STATESPROGRAM SERVICES$18,734WIRE TRANSFER$0
RUSSIA AND THE NEWLY INDEPENDENT STATESPROGRAM SERVICES$14,500WIRE TRANSFER$0
RUSSIA AND THE NEWLY INDEPENDENT STATESPROGRAM SERVICES$19,709WIRE TRANSFER$0
RUSSIA AND THE NEWLY INDEPENDENT STATESPROGRAM SERVICES$5,900WIRE TRANSFER$0
RUSSIA AND THE NEWLY INDEPENDENT STATESPROGRAM SERVICES$136,371WIRE TRANSFER$0
RUSSIA AND THE NEWLY INDEPENDENT STATESPROGRAM SERVICES$29,000WIRE TRANSFER$0
RUSSIA AND THE NEWLY INDEPENDENT STATESPROGRAM SERVICES$60,619WIRE TRANSFER$0
RUSSIA AND THE NEWLY INDEPENDENT STATESPROGRAM SERVICES$17,805WIRE TRANSFER$0
RUSSIA AND THE NEWLY INDEPENDENT STATESPROGRAM SERVICES$15,880WIRE TRANSFER$0
RUSSIA AND THE NEWLY INDEPENDENT STATESPROGRAM SERVICES$18,782WIRE TRANSFER$0
RUSSIA AND THE NEWLY INDEPENDENT STATESPROGRAM SERVICES$7,500WIRE TRANSFER$0
RUSSIA AND THE NEWLY INDEPENDENT STATESPROGRAM SERVICES$23,955WIRE TRANSFER$0
RUSSIA AND THE NEWLY INDEPENDENT STATESPROGRAM SERVICES$11,785WIRE TRANSFER$0
RUSSIA AND THE NEWLY INDEPENDENT STATESPROGRAM SERVICES$15,750WIRE TRANSFER$0
RUSSIA AND THE NEWLY INDEPENDENT STATESPROGRAM SERVICES$16,140WIRE TRANSFER$0
RUSSIA AND THE NEWLY INDEPENDENT STATESPROGRAM SERVICES$55,956WIRE TRANSFER$0
RUSSIA AND THE NEWLY INDEPENDENT STATESPROGRAM SERVICES$29,889WIRE TRANSFER$0
RUSSIA AND THE NEWLY INDEPENDENT STATESPROGRAM SERVICES$17,340WIRE TRANSFER$0
RUSSIA AND THE NEWLY INDEPENDENT STATESPROGRAM SERVICES$132,000WIRE TRANSFER$0
RUSSIA AND THE NEWLY INDEPENDENT STATESPROGRAM SERVICES$67,000WIRE TRANSFER$0
RUSSIA AND THE NEWLY INDEPENDENT STATESPROGRAM SERVICES$12,413WIRE TRANSFER$0
RUSSIA AND THE NEWLY INDEPENDENT STATESPROGRAM SERVICES$220,811WIRE TRANSFER$0
RUSSIA AND THE NEWLY INDEPENDENT STATESPROGRAM SERVICES$204,768WIRE TRANSFER$0
RUSSIA AND THE NEWLY INDEPENDENT STATESPROGRAM SERVICES$115,284WIRE TRANSFER$0
RUSSIA AND THE NEWLY INDEPENDENT STATESPROGRAM SERVICES$171,382WIRE TRANSFER$0
RUSSIA AND THE NEWLY INDEPENDENT STATESPROGRAM SERVICES$7,649WIRE TRANSFER$0
RUSSIA AND THE NEWLY INDEPENDENT STATESPROGRAM SERVICES$5,457WIRE TRANSFER$0
CENTRAL AMERICA AND CARIBBEANPROGRAM SERVICES$53,150WIRE TRANSFER$0
CENTRAL AMERICA AND CARIBBEANPROGRAM SERVICES$11,354WIRE TRANSFER$0
CENTRAL AMERICA AND CARIBBEANPROGRAM SERVICES$6,239WIRE TRANSFER$0
CENTRAL AMERICA AND CARIBBEANPROGRAM SERVICES$5,343WIRE TRANSFER$0
CENTRAL AMERICA AND CARIBBEANPROGRAM SERVICES$16,995WIRE TRANSFER$0
CENTRAL AMERICA AND CARIBBEANPROGRAM SERVICES$10,750WIRE TRANSFER$0
CENTRAL AMERICA AND CARIBBEANPROGRAM SERVICES$6,956WIRE TRANSFER$0
CENTRAL AMERICA AND CARIBBEANPROGRAM SERVICES$19,920WIRE TRANSFER$0
CENTRAL AMERICA AND CARIBBEANPROGRAM SERVICES$5,699WIRE TRANSFER$0
CENTRAL AMERICA AND CARIBBEANPROGRAM SERVICES$8,040WIRE TRANSFER$0
CENTRAL AMERICA AND CARIBBEANPROGRAM SERVICES$14,076WIRE TRANSFER$0
CENTRAL AMERICA AND CARIBBEANPROGRAM SERVICES$16,999WIRE TRANSFER$0
CENTRAL AMERICA AND CARIBBEANPROGRAM SERVICES$26,905WIRE TRANSFER$0
CENTRAL AMERICA AND CARIBBEANPROGRAM SERVICES$14,748WIRE TRANSFER$0
CENTRAL AMERICA AND CARIBBEANPROGRAM SERVICES$35,700WIRE TRANSFER$0
CENTRAL AMERICA AND CARIBBEANPROGRAM SERVICES$10,522WIRE TRANSFER$0
CENTRAL AMERICA AND CARIBBEANPROGRAM SERVICES$32,609WIRE TRANSFER$0
CENTRAL AMERICA AND CARIBBEANPROGRAM SERVICES$68,477WIRE TRANSFER$0
CENTRAL AMERICA AND CARIBBEANPROGRAM SERVICES$10,719WIRE TRANSFER$0
CENTRAL AMERICA AND CARIBBEANPROGRAM SERVICES$58,619WIRE TRANSFER$0
CENTRAL AMERICA AND CARIBBEANPROGRAM SERVICES$36,024WIRE TRANSFER$0
CENTRAL AMERICA AND CARIBBEANPROGRAM SERVICES$18,793WIRE TRANSFER$0
CENTRAL AMERICA AND CARIBBEANPROGRAM SERVICES$19,569WIRE TRANSFER$0
CENTRAL AMERICA AND CARIBBEANPROGRAM SERVICES$65,389WIRE TRANSFER$0
CENTRAL AMERICA AND CARIBBEANPROGRAM SERVICES$23,778WIRE TRANSFER$0
CENTRAL AMERICA AND CARIBBEANPROGRAM SERVICES$11,908WIRE TRANSFER$0
CENTRAL AMERICA AND CARIBBEANPROGRAM SERVICES$16,467WIRE TRANSFER$0
CENTRAL AMERICA AND CARIBBEANPROGRAM SERVICES$15,576WIRE TRANSFER$0
CENTRAL AMERICA AND CARIBBEANPROGRAM SERVICES$8,890WIRE TRANSFER$0
EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFICPROGRAM SERVICES$38,702WIRE TRANSFER$0
EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFICPROGRAM SERVICES$80,199WIRE TRANSFER$0
EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFICPROGRAM SERVICES$20,510WIRE TRANSFER$0
EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFICPROGRAM SERVICES$44,470WIRE TRANSFER$0
EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFICPROGRAM SERVICES$34,249WIRE TRANSFER$0
EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFICPROGRAM SERVICES$246,930WIRE TRANSFER$0
EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFICPROGRAM SERVICES$16,458WIRE TRANSFER$0
EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFICPROGRAM SERVICES$72,713WIRE TRANSFER$0
EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFICPROGRAM SERVICES$44,848WIRE TRANSFER$0
EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFICPROGRAM SERVICES$31,932WIRE TRANSFER$0
EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFICPROGRAM SERVICES$200,485WIRE TRANSFER$0
EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFICPROGRAM SERVICES$20,256WIRE TRANSFER$0
EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFICPROGRAM SERVICES$10,318WIRE TRANSFER$0
EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFICPROGRAM SERVICES$40,989WIRE TRANSFER$0
EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFICPROGRAM SERVICES$85,239WIRE TRANSFER$0
EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFICPROGRAM SERVICES$75,950WIRE TRANSFER$0
EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFICPROGRAM SERVICES$84,103WIRE TRANSFER$0
EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFICPROGRAM SERVICES$156,625WIRE TRANSFER$0
EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFICPROGRAM SERVICES$5,195WIRE TRANSFER$0
EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFICPROGRAM SERVICES$85,886WIRE TRANSFER$0
SOUTH AMERICAPROGRAM SERVICES$23,383WIRE TRANSFER$0
SOUTH AMERICAPROGRAM SERVICES$9,852WIRE TRANSFER$0
SOUTH AMERICAPROGRAM SERVICES$5,955WIRE TRANSFER$0
SOUTH AMERICAPROGRAM SERVICES$30,125WIRE TRANSFER$0
SOUTH AMERICAPROGRAM SERVICES$147,367WIRE TRANSFER$0
SOUTH AMERICAPROGRAM SERVICES$6,112WIRE TRANSFER$0
SOUTH AMERICAPROGRAM SERVICES$15,889WIRE TRANSFER$0
SOUTH AMERICAPROGRAM SERVICES$52,081WIRE TRANSFER$0
SOUTH AMERICAPROGRAM SERVICES$39,812WIRE TRANSFER$0
SOUTH AMERICAPROGRAM SERVICES$9,536WIRE TRANSFER$0
SOUTH AMERICAPROGRAM SERVICES$36,898WIRE TRANSFER$0
SOUTH AMERICAPROGRAM SERVICES$9,033WIRE TRANSFER$0
SOUTH AMERICAPROGRAM SERVICES$72,346WIRE TRANSFER$0
SOUTH AMERICAPROGRAM SERVICES$47,058WIRE TRANSFER$0
SOUTH ASIAPROGRAM SERVICES$14,405WIRE TRANSFER$0
SOUTH ASIAPROGRAM SERVICES$10,312WIRE TRANSFER$0
SOUTH ASIAPROGRAM SERVICES$37,231WIRE TRANSFER$0
SOUTH ASIAPROGRAM SERVICES$18,614WIRE TRANSFER$0
SOUTH ASIAPROGRAM SERVICES$43,636WIRE TRANSFER$0
SOUTH ASIAPROGRAM SERVICES$10,904WIRE TRANSFER$0
SOUTH ASIAPROGRAM SERVICES$46,050WIRE TRANSFER$0
SOUTH ASIAPROGRAM SERVICES$16,935WIRE TRANSFER$0
SOUTH ASIAPROGRAM SERVICES$39,715WIRE TRANSFER$0
SOUTH ASIAPROGRAM SERVICES$54,286WIRE TRANSFER$0
SOUTH ASIAPROGRAM SERVICES$9,659WIRE TRANSFER$0
SOUTH ASIAPROGRAM SERVICES$8,728WIRE TRANSFER$0
SOUTH ASIAPROGRAM SERVICES$9,507WIRE TRANSFER$0
SOUTH ASIAPROGRAM SERVICES$24,910WIRE TRANSFER$0
SOUTH ASIAPROGRAM SERVICES$76,463WIRE TRANSFER$0
SOUTH ASIAPROGRAM SERVICES$17,852WIRE TRANSFER$0
SOUTH ASIAPROGRAM SERVICES$19,552WIRE TRANSFER$0
SOUTH ASIAPROGRAM SERVICES$52,817WIRE TRANSFER$0
SOUTH ASIAPROGRAM SERVICES$6,602WIRE TRANSFER$0
SOUTH ASIAPROGRAM SERVICES$37,689WIRE TRANSFER$0
SOUTH ASIAPROGRAM SERVICES$79,205WIRE TRANSFER$0
SOUTH ASIAPROGRAM SERVICES$7,278WIRE TRANSFER$0
SOUTH ASIAPROGRAM SERVICES$10,451WIRE TRANSFER$0
SOUTH ASIAPROGRAM SERVICES$5,849WIRE TRANSFER$0
SOUTH ASIAPROGRAM SERVICES$18,479WIRE TRANSFER$0
SOUTH ASIAPROGRAM SERVICES$102,062WIRE TRANSFER$0
SOUTH ASIAPROGRAM SERVICES$25,849WIRE TRANSFER$0
SOUTH ASIAPROGRAM SERVICES$6,450WIRE TRANSFER$0
SOUTH ASIAPROGRAM SERVICES$30,708WIRE TRANSFER$0
SOUTH ASIAPROGRAM SERVICES$10,130WIRE TRANSFER$0
SOUTH ASIAPROGRAM SERVICES$8,813WIRE TRANSFER$0
SOUTH ASIAPROGRAM SERVICES$6,896WIRE TRANSFER$0
SOUTH ASIAPROGRAM SERVICES$146,143WIRE TRANSFER$0
SOUTH ASIAPROGRAM SERVICES$20,331WIRE TRANSFER$0
SOUTH ASIAPROGRAM SERVICES$6,547WIRE TRANSFER$0
SOUTH ASIAPROGRAM SERVICES$25,896WIRE TRANSFER$0
SOUTH ASIAPROGRAM SERVICES$6,286WIRE TRANSFER$0
SOUTH ASIAPROGRAM SERVICES$37,868WIRE TRANSFER$0
SOUTH ASIAPROGRAM SERVICES$9,228WIRE TRANSFER$0
SOUTH ASIAPROGRAM SERVICES$45,622WIRE TRANSFER$0
SOUTH ASIAPROGRAM SERVICES$8,231WIRE TRANSFER$0
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICAPROGRAM SERVICES$5,005WIRE TRANSFER$0
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICAPROGRAM SERVICES$5,186WIRE TRANSFER$0
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total501c3 Org3Total501c3OrgCnt
Total Other Org90TotalOtherOrgCnt

Foreign Individuals Grants ForeignIndividualsGrantsGrp (7 entries)

Type Of AssistanceTypeOfAssistanceTxtRegionRegionTxtRecipientRecipientCntCash GrantCashGrantAmt
PROGRAM SERVICESCENTRAL AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN12$123,086
PROGRAM SERVICESSOUTH ASIA12$169,885
PROGRAM SERVICESEAST ASIA AND THE PACIFIC41$429,963
PROGRAM SERVICESSOUTH AMERICA - ARGENTINA, BOLIVIA, BRAZIL, CHILE, COLUMBIA, ECUADOR,8$85,931
PROGRAM SERVICESRUSSIA AND THE NEWLY INDEPENDENT STATES1$25,000
PROGRAM SERVICESSUB-SAHARAN AFRICA - ANGOLA, BENIN, BOTSWANA, BURKINA FASO,13$145,075
PROGRAM SERVICESMIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA2$34,754
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Transfer To Foreign Corp0TransferToForeignCorpInd
Interest In Foreign Trust0InterestInForeignTrustInd
Foreign Corp Ownership0ForeignCorpOwnershipInd
Passive Foreign Investmest Co0PassiveForeignInvestmestCoInd
Foreign Partnership0ForeignPartnershipInd
Boycott Countries0BoycottCountriesInd

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Form And Line ReferencePART I, LINE 2:FormAndLineReferenceDesc
ExplanationGRANTS ARE MONITORED TO ENSURE ADHERENCE TO THE TERMS OF THE GRANT AGREEMENTS AND COMPLIANCE WITH IESC'S GRANTS MANUAL.ExplanationTxt

Schedule I IRS990ScheduleI

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Grant Records MaintainedYes (1)GrantRecordsMaintainedInd

Recipient Table RecipientTable (6 entries)

Address Line1USAddress/AddressLine1TxtCityUSAddress/CityNmState AbbreviationUSAddress/StateAbbreviationCdZIPUSAddress/ZIPCdRecipient EINRecipientEINIRC SectionIRCSectionDescCash GrantCashGrantAmtNon Cash AssistanceNonCashAssistanceAmtPurpose Of GrantPurposeOfGrantTxtAddress Line2USAddress/AddressLine2Txt
GLOBAL COMMUNITIES
8601 GEORGIA AVE 300SILVER SPRINGMD20910520846183501(C)(3)$58,036$0PROGRAM SERVICES
UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA
207 GRINTER HALL PO BOX 115500GAINESVILLEFL32611596002052501(C)(3)$132,056$0PROGRAM SERVICES
CIPE
1211 CONNECTICUT AVENUE NW SUITEWASHINGTONDC20036521398742501(C)(3)$161,498$0PROGRAM SERVICES700
WORLD FOOD LOGISTICS ORGANIZATION
241 18TH ST SOUTHARLINGTONVA22202362181657501(C)(3)$197,994$0PROGRAM SERVICES
PURDUE UNIVERSITY
610 PURDUE MALLWEST LAFAYETTEIN47907356002041501(C)(3)$163,628$0PROGRAM SERVICES
KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY
N/AMANHATTANKS66506480667209501(C)(3)$78,068$0PROGRAM SERVICES
FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Total501c3 Org6Total501c3OrgCnt
Total Other Org0TotalOtherOrgCnt

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Form And Line ReferencePART I, LINE 2:FormAndLineReferenceDesc
ExplanationGRANTS ARE MONITORED TO ENSURE ADHERENCE TO THE TERMS OF THE GRANT AGREEMENTS AND COMPLIANCE WITH IESC'S GRANTS MANUAL.ExplanationTxt

Schedule J IRS990ScheduleJ

FieldValueIRS element (for citing)
Travel For CompanionsYes (X)TravelForCompanionsInd
Housing Allowance Or ResidenceYes (X)HousingAllowanceOrResidenceInd
Written Policy Ref T And E ExpnssYes (1)WrittenPolicyRefTAndEExpnssInd
Substantiation RequiredYes (1)SubstantiationRequiredInd
Form990 Of Other OrganizationsYes (X)Form990OfOtherOrganizationsInd
Written Employment ContractYes (X)WrittenEmploymentContractInd
Compensation SurveyYes (X)CompensationSurveyInd
Board Or Committee ApprovalYes (X)BoardOrCommitteeApprovalInd
Severance Payment0SeverancePaymentInd
Supplemental Nonqual Rtr Plan0SupplementalNonqualRtrPlanInd
Equity Based Comp Arrngm0EquityBasedCompArrngmInd
Comp Based On Revenue Of Flng Org0CompBasedOnRevenueOfFlngOrgInd
Comp Bsd On Rev Related Orgs0CompBsdOnRevRelatedOrgsInd
Comp Bsd Net Earns Flng Org0CompBsdNetEarnsFlngOrgInd
Comp Bsd Net Earns Rltd Orgs0CompBsdNetEarnsRltdOrgsInd
Any Non Fixed PaymentsYes (1)AnyNonFixedPaymentsInd
Initial Contract Exception0InitialContractExceptionInd

Rltd Org Officer Trst Key Empl RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp (13 entries)

TitleTitleTxtBase Compensation Filing OrgBaseCompensationFilingOrgAmtCompensation Based On Rltd OrgsCompensationBasedOnRltdOrgsAmtBonus Filing OrganizationBonusFilingOrganizationAmountBonus Related OrganizationsBonusRelatedOrganizationsAmtOther Compensation Filing OrgOtherCompensationFilingOrgAmtOther Compensation Rltd OrgsOtherCompensationRltdOrgsAmtDeferred Compensation Flng OrgDeferredCompensationFlngOrgAmtDeferred Comp Rltd OrgsDeferredCompRltdOrgsAmtNontaxable Benefits Filing OrgNontaxableBenefitsFilingOrgAmtNontaxable Benefits Rltd OrgsNontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmtTotal Compensation Filing OrgTotalCompensationFilingOrgAmtTotal Compensation Rltd OrgsTotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmtComp Report Prior990 Filing OrgCompReportPrior990FilingOrgAmtComp Report Prior990 Rltd OrgsCompReportPrior990RltdOrgsAmt
DAVID HARTINGH
CEO/PRESIDENT$353,403$0$25,000$0$6,609$0$25,452$0$16,845$0$427,309$0$0$0
CHARLES CONCONI
CHIEF OF PARTY$244,871$0$0$0$34,547$0$19,590$0$41,297$0$340,305$0$0$0
PRADEEP LIYANAMANA
CHIEF OF PARTY$195,361$0$0$0$29,252$0$15,135$0$40,991$0$280,739$0$0$0
DAVID BLOOD
CHIEF OF PARTY$189,018$0$0$0$21,110$0$14,502$0$45,746$0$270,376$0$0$0
JUDIT DEILINGER
VP BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT$200,738$0$0$0$3,424$0$14,480$0$31,175$0$249,817$0$0$0
ERIN SPINNELL
VP OPERATIONS$191,493$0$0$0$4,609$0$13,973$0$35,315$0$245,390$0$0$0
DANIEL NICHOLS
VP FINANCE AND ACCOUNTING$199,359$0$0$0$2,921$0$14,018$0$26,130$0$242,428$0$0$0
BRIAN RUDERT
CHIEF OF PARTY$192,457$0$0$0$28,053$0$14,953$0$1,112$0$236,575$0$0$0
ADAM KEATTS
AVP AGRICULTURE LED GROWTH$177,826$0$0$0$282$0$12,785$0$27,054$0$217,947$0$0$0
PAM STEVENS
DIRECTOR CONTRACTS & GRANTS$190,008$0$0$0$0$0$13,006$0$13,995$0$217,009$0$0$0
DANIEL FITZPATRICK
CHIEF OF PARTY$129,294$0$13,600$0$31,697$0$11,295$0$31,042$0$216,928$0$0$0
CHAD FORD
AVP TRADE AND ENTERPRISE$166,925$0$0$0$940$0$11,918$0$12,958$0$192,741$0$0$0
JOHN LINDSAY
AVP WORKFORCE ENTERPRENUERSHIP AND Y$149,621$0$0$0$1,352$0$10,766$0$27,788$0$189,527$0$0$0

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail (2 entries)

Form And Line ReferenceFormAndLineReferenceDescExplanationExplanationTxt
PART I, LINE 1ATRAVEL FOR COMPANIONS (IMMEDIATE FAMILY MEMBERS) WAS PROVIDED DURING EVACUATIONS FROM PROGRAM SITES AND RELATED TO MOBILIZATION OF NEW STAFF TO OVERSEAS OFFICE LOCATIONS, PER AGREEMENT TERMS AND APPLICABLE REGULATIONS. HOUSING ALLOWANCES WERE PROVIDED TO FOUR OVERSEAS STAFF PER APPLICABLE USG REGULATIONS.
PART I, LINE 7IESC'S BOARD EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE DETERMINED TO AWARD IESC'S PRESIDENT AND CEO A ONE-TIME PAYMENT IN THE AMOUNT OF $25,000 TO BE PAID IN APRIL, 2023, FOLLOWING HIS 2022 ANNUAL PERFORMANCE REVIEW.

Schedule O IRS990ScheduleO

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail (7 entries)

Form And Line ReferenceFormAndLineReferenceDescExplanationExplanationTxt
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION A, LINE 4IESC CHANGED ITS NAME FROM "INTERNATIONAL EXECUTIVE SERVICE CORPS" TO "IMPROVING ECONOMIES FOR STRONGER COMMUNITIES" EFFECTIVE JANUARY 3, 2023 AND UPDATED ITS ORGANIZATIONAL DOCUMENTS ACCORDINGLY.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 11BIESC'S CEO REVIEWS THE 990 UPON ITS COMPLETION AND PRIOR TO FILING. THE 990 IS PREPARED AND REVIEWED BY ITS VICE PRESIDENT, FINANCE AND ACCOUNTING, DIRECTOR OF ACCOUNTING, AND THIRD-PARTY EXTERNAL FIRM HIRED TO AID IN ITS PREPARATION.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 12CIESC ADHERES TO ITS CONFLICT OF INTEREST POLICY.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 15EACH YEAR IESC'S HR FUNCTION PROVIDES THE ORGANIZATION WITH SALARY SURVEYS INCLUDING INFORMATION ON WHERE IESC'S COMPENSATION EXISTS WITHIN THE RANGES IN THAT SURVEY. THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS MEETS ON AN ANNUAL BASIS TO REVIEW MERIT INCREASES AND ANY CHANGES TO COMPENSATION POLICY FOR THE CEO.
FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION C, LINE 19IESC'S FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ARE AVAILABLE AT GUIDESTAR.ORG AND INFORMATION ABOUT CONFLICTS OF INTEREST IS AVAILABLE ON IESC'S WEBSITE, ON THE ETHICS AND COMPLIANCE PAGE. IESC'S GOVERNING DOCUMENTS ARE NOT MADE AVAILABLE TO THE PUBLIC ON IESC'S WEBSITE.
FORM 990, PART XI, LINE 9:NET PERIODIC BENEFIT COST OTHER THAN SERVICE COST -96,894. CHANGES OTHER THAN NET PERIODIC BENEFIT COST -13,119. SETTLEMENT LOSS -65,086.
FORM 990, PART XII, LINE 2CTHE AUDIT COMMITTEE, WHICH IS A SUBCOMMITTEE OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS, HAS THIS OVERSIGHT AUTHORITY.

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