SALK INSTITUTE FOR BIOLOGICAL STUDIES: Form 990, tax year 2023

View the entire original 990 at ProPublica ↗

Organization: SALK INSTITUTE FOR BIOLOGICAL STUDIES (EIN 95-2160097)
Tax period: 2023-07-01 to 2024-06-30
Filed: 2025-04-11
IRS object ID: 202531019349301513
Schema version: 2023v6.0
Source: Download XML · Original 990 at ProPublica

Every field in the e-filed return. Faint text is the IRS element name, for citing.

Return header
Form 990
Schedule A
Schedule B
Schedule C
Schedule D
Schedule F
Schedule G
Schedule J
Schedule L
Schedule M
Schedule O
Schedule R

Return header ReturnHeader

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Return	2025-04-11T14:45:55+00:00	ReturnTs
Tax Period End	2024-06-30	TaxPeriodEndDt

Preparer Firm PreparerFirmGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Preparer Firm EIN	346565596	PreparerFirmEIN

Preparer Firm Name PreparerFirmName

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1	ERNST & YOUNG US LLP	BusinessNameLine1Txt

Preparer US Address PreparerUSAddress

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Address Line1	101 E WASHINGTON ST	AddressLine1Txt
City	PHOENIX	CityNm
State Abbreviation	AZ	StateAbbreviationCd
ZIP	85004	ZIPCd

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Return Type	990	ReturnTypeCd
Tax Period Begin	2023-07-01	TaxPeriodBeginDt

Filer Filer

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
EIN	952160097	EIN

Business Name BusinessName

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1	The Salk Institute for Biological Studies	BusinessNameLine1Txt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Business Name Control	SALK	BusinessNameControlTxt
Phone	8584534100	PhoneNum

US Address USAddress

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Address Line1	10010 N TORREY PINES ROAD	AddressLine1Txt
City	LA JOLLA	CityNm
State Abbreviation	CA	StateAbbreviationCd
ZIP	920371002	ZIPCd

Business Officer BusinessOfficerGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Person	KIMBERLY M CASTILLO	PersonNm
Person Title	CFO	PersonTitleTxt
Phone	8584534100	PhoneNum
Signature	2025-04-11	SignatureDt
Discuss With Paid Preparer	Yes (true)	DiscussWithPaidPreparerInd

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
IRS Responsible Prty Info Curr	Yes (true)	IRSResponsiblePrtyInfoCurrInd

Preparer Person PreparerPersonGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Preparer Person	Steven T Rutti	PreparerPersonNm
PTIN	P00775456	PTIN
Phone	6023223000	PhoneNum
Preparation	2025-04-11	PreparationDt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Tax	2023	TaxYr
Build TS	2025-03-06 01:10:19Z	BuildTS

Form 990 IRS990

Principal Ofcr Business Name PrincipalOfcrBusinessName

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1	GERALD JOYCE	BusinessNameLine1Txt

US Address USAddress

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Address Line1	10010 N TORREY PINES ROAD	AddressLine1Txt
City	LA JOLLA	CityNm
State Abbreviation	CA	StateAbbreviationCd
ZIP	920371002	ZIPCd

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Gross Receipts	$448,822,367	GrossReceiptsAmt
Group Return For Affiliates	false	GroupReturnForAffiliatesInd
Organization501c3	Yes (X)	Organization501c3Ind
Website Address	WWW.SALK.EDU	WebsiteAddressTxt
Type Of Organization Corp	Yes (X)	TypeOfOrganizationCorpInd
Formation	1960	FormationYr
Legal Domicile State	CA	LegalDomicileStateCd
Activity Or Mission	BASIC RESEARCH IN THE FOLLOWING: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY & GENETICS, NEUROSCIENCE, AND PLANT BIOLOGY.	ActivityOrMissionDesc
Voting Members Governing Body	28	VotingMembersGoverningBodyCnt
Voting Members Independent	24	VotingMembersIndependentCnt
Total Employee	1144	TotalEmployeeCnt
Total Volunteers	24	TotalVolunteersCnt
Total Gross UBI	-$1,432,732	TotalGrossUBIAmt
Net Unrelated Bus Txbl Incm	$0	NetUnrelatedBusTxblIncmAmt
PY Contributions Grants	$150,813,576	PYContributionsGrantsAmt
CY Contributions Grants	$139,394,431	CYContributionsGrantsAmt
CY Program Service Revenue	$0	CYProgramServiceRevenueAmt
PY Investment Income	$21,763,570	PYInvestmentIncomeAmt
CY Investment Income	$22,040,070	CYInvestmentIncomeAmt
PY Other Revenue	$1,075,216	PYOtherRevenueAmt
CY Other Revenue	-$268,031	CYOtherRevenueAmt
PY Total Revenue	$173,652,362	PYTotalRevenueAmt
CY Total Revenue	$161,166,470	CYTotalRevenueAmt
CY Grants And Similar Paid	$0	CYGrantsAndSimilarPaidAmt
CY Benefits Paid To Members	$0	CYBenefitsPaidToMembersAmt
PY Salaries Comp Emp Bnft Paid	$91,143,114	PYSalariesCompEmpBnftPaidAmt
CY Salaries Comp Emp Bnft Paid	$93,365,130	CYSalariesCompEmpBnftPaidAmt
CY Total Prof Fndrsng Expns	$0	CYTotalProfFndrsngExpnsAmt
CY Total Fundraising Expense	$6,599,611	CYTotalFundraisingExpenseAmt
PY Other Expenses	$76,263,720	PYOtherExpensesAmt
CY Other Expenses	$83,864,106	CYOtherExpensesAmt
PY Total Expenses	$167,406,834	PYTotalExpensesAmt
CY Total Expenses	$177,229,236	CYTotalExpensesAmt
PY Revenues Less Expenses	$6,245,528	PYRevenuesLessExpensesAmt
CY Revenues Less Expenses	-$16,062,766	CYRevenuesLessExpensesAmt
Total Assets BOY	$805,255,578	TotalAssetsBOYAmt
Total Assets EOY	$822,778,011	TotalAssetsEOYAmt
Total Liabilities BOY	$172,966,503	TotalLiabilitiesBOYAmt
Total Liabilities EOY	$173,371,281	TotalLiabilitiesEOYAmt
Net Assets Or Fund Balances BOY	$632,289,075	NetAssetsOrFundBalancesBOYAmt
Net Assets Or Fund Balances EOY	$649,406,730	NetAssetsOrFundBalancesEOYAmt
Mission	UNLOCKING THE SECRETS OF LIFE ITSELF IS THE DRIVING FORCE BEHIND THE SALK INSTITUTE. OUR TEAM OF WORLD-CLASS, AWARD-WINNING SCIENTISTS PUSHES BOUNDARIES OF KNOWLEDGE IN AREAS SUCH AS NEUROSCIENCE, CANCER RESEARCH, AGING, IMMUNOBIOLOGY, PLANT BIOLOGY, COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY, AND MORE. FOUNDED BY JONAS SALK, DEVELOPER OF THE FIRST SAFE AND EFFECTIVE POLIO VACCINE, THE INSTITUTE IS AN INDEPENDENT, NONPROFIT RESEARCH ORGANIZATION AND ARCHITECTURAL LANDMARK: SMALL BY CHOICE, INTIMATE BY NATURE, AND FEARLESS IN THE FACE OF ANY CHALLENGE.	MissionDesc
Significant New Program Srvc	false	SignificantNewProgramSrvcInd
Significant Change	false	SignificantChangeInd
Expense	$147,208,206	ExpenseAmt
Grant	$0	GrantAmt
Revenue	$0	RevenueAmt
Desc	SEE SCHEDULE O	Desc
Total Program Service Expenses	$147,208,206	TotalProgramServiceExpensesAmt
Described In Section501c3	Yes (true)	DescribedInSection501c3Ind
Schedule B Required	Yes (true)	ScheduleBRequiredInd
Political Campaign Acty	false	PoliticalCampaignActyInd
Lobbying Activities	Yes (true)	LobbyingActivitiesInd
Donor Advised Fund	false	DonorAdvisedFundInd
Conservation Easements	false	ConservationEasementsInd
Collections Of Art	false	CollectionsOfArtInd
Credit Counseling	false	CreditCounselingInd
Donor Rstr Or Quasi Endowments	Yes (true)	DonorRstrOrQuasiEndowmentsInd
Report Land Building Equipment	Yes (true)	ReportLandBuildingEquipmentInd
Report Investments Other Sec	Yes (true)	ReportInvestmentsOtherSecInd
Report Program Related Invst	false	ReportProgramRelatedInvstInd
Report Other Assets	false	ReportOtherAssetsInd
Report Other Liabilities	Yes (true)	ReportOtherLiabilitiesInd
Include FIN48 Footnote	Yes (true)	IncludeFIN48FootnoteInd
Independent Audit Fincl Stmt	Yes (true)	IndependentAuditFinclStmtInd
Consolidated Audit Fincl Stmt	false	ConsolidatedAuditFinclStmtInd
School Operating	false	SchoolOperatingInd
Foreign Office	false	ForeignOfficeInd
Foreign Activities	Yes (true)	ForeignActivitiesInd
More Than5000 K To Org	false	MoreThan5000KToOrgInd
More Than5000 K To Individuals	false	MoreThan5000KToIndividualsInd
Professional Fundraising	false	ProfessionalFundraisingInd
Fundraising Activities	Yes (true)	FundraisingActivitiesInd
Gaming Activities	false	GamingActivitiesInd
Operate Hospital	false	OperateHospitalInd
Grants To Organizations	false	GrantsToOrganizationsInd
Grants To Individuals	false	GrantsToIndividualsInd
Schedule J Required	Yes (true)	ScheduleJRequiredInd
Tax Exempt Bonds	false	TaxExemptBondsInd
Engaged In Excess Benefit Trans	false	EngagedInExcessBenefitTransInd
PY Excess Benefit Trans	false	PYExcessBenefitTransInd
Loan Outstanding	Yes (true)	LoanOutstandingInd
Grant To Related Person	false	GrantToRelatedPersonInd
Business Rln With Org Mem	false	BusinessRlnWithOrgMemInd
Business Rln With Fam Mem	false	BusinessRlnWithFamMemInd
Business Rln With35 Ctrl Ent	false	BusinessRlnWith35CtrlEntInd
Deductible Non Cash Contri	Yes (true)	DeductibleNonCashContriInd
Deductible Art Contribution	false	DeductibleArtContributionInd
Terminate Operations	false	TerminateOperationsInd
Partial Liquidation	false	PartialLiquidationInd
Disregarded Entity	false	DisregardedEntityInd
Related Entity	Yes (true)	RelatedEntityInd
Related Organization Ctrl Ent	Yes (true)	RelatedOrganizationCtrlEntInd
Transaction With Control Ent	false	TransactionWithControlEntInd
Trnsfr Exmpt Non Chrtbl Rltd Org	false	TrnsfrExmptNonChrtblRltdOrgInd
Activities Conducted Prtshp	false	ActivitiesConductedPrtshpInd
Schedule O Required	Yes (true)	ScheduleORequiredInd
IRP Document	149	IRPDocumentCnt
IRP Document W2 G	0	IRPDocumentW2GCnt
Backup Wthld Compliance	Yes (true)	BackupWthldComplianceInd
Employee	1144	EmployeeCnt
Employment Tax Returns Filed	Yes (true)	EmploymentTaxReturnsFiledInd
Unrelated Bus Incm Over Limit	Yes (true)	UnrelatedBusIncmOverLimitInd
Form990 T Filed	Yes (true)	Form990TFiledInd
Foreign Financial Account	false	ForeignFinancialAccountInd
Prohibited Tax Shelter Trans	false	ProhibitedTaxShelterTransInd
Taxable Party Notification	false	TaxablePartyNotificationInd
Nondeductible Contributions	false	NondeductibleContributionsInd
Quid Pro Quo Contributions	Yes (true)	QuidProQuoContributionsInd
Quid Pro Quo Contri Discl	Yes (true)	QuidProQuoContriDisclInd
Form8282 Property Disposed Of	false	Form8282PropertyDisposedOfInd
Rcv Fnds To Pay Prsnl Bnft Cntrct	false	RcvFndsToPayPrsnlBnftCntrctInd
Pay Premiums Prsnl Bnft Cntrct	false	PayPremiumsPrsnlBnftCntrctInd
Indoor Tanning Services	false	IndoorTanningServicesInd
Subj To Tax Rmnrtn Ex Prcht Pymt	false	SubjToTaxRmnrtnExPrchtPymtInd
Subject To Excs Tax Net Invst Inc	false	SubjectToExcsTaxNetInvstIncInd
Info In Schedule O Part VI	Yes (X)	InfoInScheduleOPartVIInd
Governing Body Voting Members	28	GoverningBodyVotingMembersCnt
Independent Voting Member	24	IndependentVotingMemberCnt
Family Or Business Rln	false	FamilyOrBusinessRlnInd
Delegation Of Mgmt Duties	false	DelegationOfMgmtDutiesInd
Change To Org Documents	false	ChangeToOrgDocumentsInd
Material Diversion Or Misuse	false	MaterialDiversionOrMisuseInd
Members Or Stockholders	Yes (true)	MembersOrStockholdersInd
Election Of Board Members	Yes (true)	ElectionOfBoardMembersInd
Decisions Subject To Approva	Yes (true)	DecisionsSubjectToApprovaInd
Minutes Of Governing Body	Yes (true)	MinutesOfGoverningBodyInd
Minutes Of Committees	Yes (true)	MinutesOfCommitteesInd
Officer Mailing Address	false	OfficerMailingAddressInd
Local Chapters	false	LocalChaptersInd
Form990 Provided To Gvrn Body	false	Form990ProvidedToGvrnBodyInd
Conflict Of Interest Policy	Yes (true)	ConflictOfInterestPolicyInd
Annual Disclosure Covered Prsn	Yes (true)	AnnualDisclosureCoveredPrsnInd
Regular Monitoring Enfrc	Yes (true)	RegularMonitoringEnfrcInd
Whistleblower Policy	Yes (true)	WhistleblowerPolicyInd
Document Retention Policy	Yes (true)	DocumentRetentionPolicyInd
Compensation Process CEO	Yes (true)	CompensationProcessCEOInd
Compensation Process Other	Yes (true)	CompensationProcessOtherInd
Investment In Joint Venture	false	InvestmentInJointVentureInd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	CA	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	CO	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	CT	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	DC	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	FL	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	GA	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	AL	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	HI	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	IL	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	KS	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	KY	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	ME	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	AK	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	MD	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	MA	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	MI	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	MN	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	MS	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	MO	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	NH	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	NJ	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	NM	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	NY	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	NC	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	ND	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	OH	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	OK	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	OR	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	PA	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	RI	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	SC	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	TN	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	TX	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	UT	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	VA	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	AR	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	WA	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	WV	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
States Where Copy Of Return Is Fld	WI	StatesWhereCopyOfReturnIsFldCd
Own Website	Yes (X)	OwnWebsiteInd
Upon Request	Yes (X)	UponRequestInd

Books In Care Of Detail BooksInCareOfDetail

Business Name BusinessName

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1	KIMBERLY CASTILLO	BusinessNameLine1Txt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Phone	8584534100	PhoneNum

US Address USAddress

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Address Line1	10010 N TORREY PINES ROAD	AddressLine1Txt
City	LA JOLLA	CityNm
State Abbreviation	CA	StateAbbreviationCd
ZIP	920371002	ZIPCd

Form990 Part VII Section A Form990PartVIISectionAGrp (39 entries)

TitleTitleTxt	Average Hours Per WeekAverageHoursPerWeekRt	Individual Trustee Or DirectorIndividualTrusteeOrDirectorInd	OfficerOfficerInd	Reportable Comp From OrgReportableCompFromOrgAmt	Reportable Comp From Rltd OrgReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt	Other CompensationOtherCompensationAmt	Highest Compensated EmployeeHighestCompensatedEmployeeInd
GERALD JOYCE MD PHD
PRESIDENT / PROFESSOR	50.0	Yes (X)	Yes (X)	$761,791	$0	$56,240
MARKUS REINHARD
VICE CHAIR	2.0	Yes (X)	Yes (X)	$0	$0	$0
MARNA C WHITTINGTON PHD
CHAIR	2.0	Yes (X)	Yes (X)	$0	$0	$0
RICHARD A HEYMAN PHD
VICE CHAIR	2.0	Yes (X)	Yes (X)	$0	$0	$0
REUBEN SHAW PHD
TRUSTEE/PROFESSOR	50.0	Yes (X)		$408,448	$0	$53,564	Yes (X)
ALAN D GOLD
TRUSTEE (OUTGOING NOV 2023)	0.5	Yes (X)		$0	$0	$0
AMY JACOBS
TRUSTEE	0.5	Yes (X)		$0	$0	$0
BENJAMIN H LEWIS
TRUSTEE	0.5	Yes (X)		$0	$0	$0
CAROL GALLAGHER PHARMD
TRUSTEE	0.5	Yes (X)		$0	$0	$0
CORINNE MENTZELOPOULOS
TRUSTEE	0.5	Yes (X)		$0	$0	$0
DANIEL C LEWIS
TRUSTEE	0.5	Yes (X)		$0	$0	$0
DANIEL TIERNEY
TRUSTEE	0.5	Yes (X)		$0	$0	$0
DAVID DOLBY
TRUSTEE	0.5	Yes (X)		$0	$0	$0
DENNIS DRIVER
TRUSTEE (OUTGOING JULY 2023)	0.5	Yes (X)		$0	$0	$0
EDWIN K HUNTER
TRUSTEE	0.5	Yes (X)		$0	$0	$0
ERIC SAGERMAN
TRUSTEE	2.0	Yes (X)		$0	$0	$0
FREDERICK J DOTZLER
TRUSTEE	0.5	Yes (X)		$0	$0	$0
FREDERIK PAULSEN PHD
TRUSTEE	0.5	Yes (X)		$0	$0	$0
HAEYOUNG KONG TANG PHD
TRUSTEE	2.0	Yes (X)		$0	$0	$0
HOWARD H NEWMAN PHD
TRUSTEE	0.5	Yes (X)		$0	$0	$0
IRVING WEISSMAN MD
TRUSTEE	0.5	Yes (X)		$0	$0	$0
IRWIN M JACOBS SM SCD
CHAIR EMERITUS (OUTGOING NOV 2023)	2.0	Yes (X)		$0	$0	$0
JANELLE AYRES PHD
TRUSTEE/PROFESSOR	50.0	Yes (X)		$269,237	$0	$40,484
JAY FLATLEY
TRUSTEE	2.0	Yes (X)		$0	$0	$0
LYN HUTTON
TRUSTEE	2.0	Yes (X)		$0	$0	$0
MARK KNICKREHM
TRUSTEE	0.5	Yes (X)		$0	$0	$0
MARY JANE SALK
TRUSTEE	0.5	Yes (X)		$0	$0	$0
SANJAY K JHA PHD
TRUSTEE	0.5	Yes (X)		$0	$0	$0
TATYANA SHARPEE PHD
TRUSTEE/PROFESSOR (OUTGOING MAR 2024)	50.0	Yes (X)		$259,119	$0	$45,248
TERRY ROSEN PHD
TRUSTEE	2.0	Yes (X)		$0	$0	$0
TIMOTHY M SCHOEN
TRUSTEE	2.0	Yes (X)		$0	$0	$0
WOLFGANG BUSCH PHD
TRUSTEE/PROFESSOR	50.0	Yes (X)		$349,121	$0	$49,249
JULIA A MILLER JD
SECRETARY/GENERAL COUNSEL	50.0		Yes (X)	$414,822	$0	$62,210
KIM E WITMER
TREASURER/SVP FINANCE & ADMN	50.0		Yes (X)	$523,931	$0	$48,414
KIMBERLY CASTILLO
CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER	50.0		Yes (X)	$325,608	$0	$56,562
BRYAN ROBINSON
VP, EXTERNAL RELATIONS	50.0			$500,110	$0	$47,465	Yes (X)
FRED GAGE PHD
PROFESSOR	50.0			$585,895	$0	$58,365	Yes (X)
RONALD EVANS PHD
PROFESSOR	50.0			$435,269	$0	$35,772	Yes (X)
SAMUEL PFAFF PHD
PROFESSOR	50.0			$379,480	$0	$57,673	Yes (X)

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Reportable Comp From Org	$5,212,831	TotalReportableCompFromOrgAmt
Tot Reportable Comp Rltd Org	$0	TotReportableCompRltdOrgAmt
Total Other Compensation	$611,246	TotalOtherCompensationAmt
Indiv Rcvd Greater Than100 K	167	IndivRcvdGreaterThan100KCnt
Former Ofcr Employees Listed	false	FormerOfcrEmployeesListedInd
Total Comp Greater Than150 K	Yes (true)	TotalCompGreaterThan150KInd
Compensation From Other Srcs	false	CompensationFromOtherSrcsInd

Contractor Compensation ContractorCompensationGrp (5 entries)

Address Line1ContractorAddress/USAddress/AddressLine1Txt	CityContractorAddress/USAddress/CityNm	State AbbreviationContractorAddress/USAddress/StateAbbreviationCd	ZIPContractorAddress/USAddress/ZIPCd	ServicesServicesDesc	CompensationCompensationAmt
RUDOLPH & SLETTEN INC
7584 METROPOLITAN DR STE 100	SAN DIEGO	CA	92108	CONSTRUCTION SERVICE	$2,266,704
EAST END ADVISORS LLC
610 FIFTH AVENUE SUITE 506	NEW YORK	NY	10020	INVESTMENT ADVISOR	$1,926,342
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN DIEGO
9500 GILMAN DRIVE	LA JOLLA	CA	92093	TRNG PROGRAM/SUBCONT	$1,339,024
AO REED & CO
4777 RUFFIN STREET	SAN DIEGO	CA	92111	CONSTRUCTION SERVICE	$976,361
SHOW IMAGING INC
1125 JOSHUA WAY	VISTA	CA	92081	ENTERTAINMENT SERVICE	$742,603

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Cntrct Rcvd Greater Than100 K	16	CntrctRcvdGreaterThan100KCnt
Fundraising	$920,400	FundraisingAmt
Government Grants	$82,929,715	GovernmentGrantsAmt
All Other Contributions	$55,544,316	AllOtherContributionsAmt
Noncash Contributions	$2,882,637	NoncashContributionsAmt
Total Contributions	$139,394,431	TotalContributionsAmt

Total Oth Program Service Rev TotalOthProgramServiceRevGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column	$0	TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Related Or Exempt Func Income	$0	RelatedOrExemptFuncIncomeAmt
Unrelated Business Revenue	$0	UnrelatedBusinessRevenueAmt
Exclusion	$0	ExclusionAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Program Service Revenue	$0	TotalProgramServiceRevenueAmt

Investment Income InvestmentIncomeGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column	$9,038,204	TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Unrelated Business Revenue	-$1,432,732	UnrelatedBusinessRevenueAmt
Exclusion	$10,470,936	ExclusionAmt

Royalties Revenue RoyaltiesRevenueGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column	$1,011,800	TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Exclusion	$1,011,800	ExclusionAmt

Rental Income Or Loss RentalIncomeOrLossGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Real	$0	RealAmt
Personal	$0	PersonalAmt

Gross Amount Sales Assets GrossAmountSalesAssetsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Securities	$299,192,646	SecuritiesAmt

Less Cost Oth Basis Sales Expnss LessCostOthBasisSalesExpnssGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Securities	$286,190,780	SecuritiesAmt

Gain Or Loss GainOrLossGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Securities	$13,001,866	SecuritiesAmt
Other	$0	OtherAmt

Net Gain Or Loss Investments NetGainOrLossInvestmentsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column	$13,001,866	TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Exclusion	$13,001,866	ExclusionAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Fundraising Gross Income	$153,300	FundraisingGrossIncomeAmt
Contri Rpt Fundraising Event	$920,400	ContriRptFundraisingEventAmt
Fundraising Direct Expenses	$1,465,117	FundraisingDirectExpensesAmt

Net Incm From Fundraising Evt NetIncmFromFundraisingEvtGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column	-$1,311,817	TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Exclusion	-$1,311,817	ExclusionAmt

Other Revenue Misc OtherRevenueMiscGrp (3 entries)

DescDesc	BusinessBusinessCd	Total Revenue ColumnTotalRevenueColumnAmt	ExclusionExclusionAmt
ROYALTIES	900099	$1,183	$1,183
A/R RECHARGE ALLOWANCE	900099	$28,806	$28,806
REVENUE SHARE-HOST VEHICLE CHARGING STAT	900099	$1,997	$1,997

Miscellaneous Revenue MiscellaneousRevenueGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column	$0	TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Related Or Exempt Func Income	$0	RelatedOrExemptFuncIncomeAmt
Unrelated Business Revenue	$0	UnrelatedBusinessRevenueAmt
Exclusion	$0	ExclusionAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Other Revenue Total	$31,986	OtherRevenueTotalAmt

Total Revenue TotalRevenueGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Revenue Column	$161,166,470	TotalRevenueColumnAmt
Related Or Exempt Func Income	$0	RelatedOrExemptFuncIncomeAmt
Unrelated Business Revenue	-$1,432,732	UnrelatedBusinessRevenueAmt
Exclusion	$23,204,771	ExclusionAmt

Grants To Domestic Orgs GrantsToDomesticOrgsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$0	TotalAmt
Program Services	$0	ProgramServicesAmt

Grants To Domestic Individuals GrantsToDomesticIndividualsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$0	TotalAmt
Program Services	$0	ProgramServicesAmt

Foreign Grants ForeignGrantsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$0	TotalAmt
Program Services	$0	ProgramServicesAmt

Benefits To Members BenefitsToMembersGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$0	TotalAmt
Program Services	$0	ProgramServicesAmt

Comp Current Ofcr Directors CompCurrentOfcrDirectorsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$3,109,959	TotalAmt
Program Services	$1,236,676	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$1,784,936	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$88,347	FundraisingAmt

Comp Disqual Persons CompDisqualPersonsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$0	TotalAmt
Program Services	$0	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$0	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$0	FundraisingAmt

Other Salaries And Wages OtherSalariesAndWagesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$71,543,965	TotalAmt
Program Services	$59,576,885	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$8,306,292	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$3,660,788	FundraisingAmt

Pension Plan Contributions PensionPlanContributionsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$4,874,763	TotalAmt
Program Services	$4,095,746	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$525,735	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$253,282	FundraisingAmt

Other Employee Benefits OtherEmployeeBenefitsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$8,664,051	TotalAmt
Program Services	$7,280,929	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$934,589	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$448,533	FundraisingAmt

Payroll Taxes PayrollTaxesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$5,172,392	TotalAmt
Program Services	$4,345,812	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$557,834	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$268,746	FundraisingAmt

Fees For Services Management FeesForServicesManagementGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$394,545	TotalAmt
Program Services	$65,000	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$329,545	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$0	FundraisingAmt

Fees For Services Legal FeesForServicesLegalGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$979,867	TotalAmt
Program Services	$252,352	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$727,515	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$0	FundraisingAmt

Fees For Services Accounting FeesForServicesAccountingGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$276,990	TotalAmt
Program Services	$0	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$276,990	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$0	FundraisingAmt

Fees For Services Lobbying FeesForServicesLobbyingGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$3,100	TotalAmt
Program Services	$0	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$3,100	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$0	FundraisingAmt

Fees For Services Prof Fundraising FeesForServicesProfFundraising

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$0	TotalAmt
Fundraising	$0	FundraisingAmt

Fees For Srvc Invst Mgmnt Fees FeesForSrvcInvstMgmntFeesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$2,870,948	TotalAmt
Program Services	$0	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$2,870,948	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$0	FundraisingAmt

Fees For Services Other FeesForServicesOtherGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$13,741,606	TotalAmt
Program Services	$12,298,542	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$825,907	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$617,157	FundraisingAmt

Advertising AdvertisingGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$27,535	TotalAmt
Program Services	$7,153	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$7,323	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$13,059	FundraisingAmt

Office Expenses OfficeExpensesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$752,066	TotalAmt
Program Services	$222,101	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$404,540	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$125,425	FundraisingAmt

Information Technology InformationTechnologyGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$4,040,059	TotalAmt
Program Services	$2,764,439	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$995,943	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$279,677	FundraisingAmt

Royalties RoyaltiesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$0	TotalAmt
Program Services	$0	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$0	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$0	FundraisingAmt

Occupancy OccupancyGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$11,355,383	TotalAmt
Program Services	$8,635,643	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$2,314,262	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$405,478	FundraisingAmt

Travel TravelGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$1,172,063	TotalAmt
Program Services	$1,002,520	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$53,449	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$116,094	FundraisingAmt

Pymt Travel Entrtnmnt Pub Ofcl PymtTravelEntrtnmntPubOfclGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$0	TotalAmt
Program Services	$0	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$0	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$0	FundraisingAmt

Conferences Meetings ConferencesMeetingsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$1,640,570	TotalAmt
Program Services	$1,203,731	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$243,991	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$192,848	FundraisingAmt

Interest InterestGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$684,922	TotalAmt
Program Services	$0	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$684,922	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$0	FundraisingAmt

Payments To Affiliates PaymentsToAffiliatesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$0	TotalAmt
Program Services	$0	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$0	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$0	FundraisingAmt

Depreciation Depletion DepreciationDepletionGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$12,023,131	TotalAmt
Program Services	$10,995,942	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$925,065	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$102,124	FundraisingAmt

Insurance InsuranceGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$427,138	TotalAmt
Program Services	$0	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$427,138	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$0	FundraisingAmt

Other Expenses OtherExpensesGrp (4 entries)

DescDesc	TotalTotalAmt	Program ServicesProgramServicesAmt	Management And GeneralManagementAndGeneralAmt	FundraisingFundraisingAmt
SCIENTIFIC SUBCONTRACTS	$17,621,097	$17,621,097	$0	$0
RESEARCH SUPPLIES	$15,161,358	$15,161,358	$0	$0
OTHER EXPENSES	$405,324	$184,477	$193,787	$27,060
REPAIRS & PARTS	$264,385	$257,803	$5,589	$993

All Other Expenses AllOtherExpensesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$22,019	TotalAmt
Program Services	$0	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$22,019	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$0	FundraisingAmt

Total Functional Expenses TotalFunctionalExpensesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$177,229,236	TotalAmt
Program Services	$147,208,206	ProgramServicesAmt
Management And General	$23,421,419	ManagementAndGeneralAmt
Fundraising	$6,599,611	FundraisingAmt

Cash Non Interest Bearing CashNonInterestBearingGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$8,278,560	BOYAmt
EOY	$9,611,719	EOYAmt

Savings And Temp Cash Invst SavingsAndTempCashInvstGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$24,496,644	BOYAmt
EOY	$34,743,132	EOYAmt

Pledges And Grants Receivable PledgesAndGrantsReceivableGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$36,602,578	BOYAmt
EOY	$38,515,677	EOYAmt

Accounts Receivable AccountsReceivableGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$1,159,918	BOYAmt
EOY	$1,427,815	EOYAmt

Receivables From Officers Etc ReceivablesFromOfficersEtcGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$409,357	BOYAmt
EOY	$304,304	EOYAmt

Rcvbl From Disqualified Prsn RcvblFromDisqualifiedPrsnGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$0	BOYAmt
EOY	$0	EOYAmt

Oth Notes Loans Receivable Net OthNotesLoansReceivableNetGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$2,276,567	BOYAmt
EOY	$2,445,253	EOYAmt

Inventories For Sale Or Use InventoriesForSaleOrUseGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$23,735	BOYAmt
EOY	$13,522	EOYAmt

Prepaid Expenses Defrd Charges PrepaidExpensesDefrdChargesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$1,339,293	BOYAmt
EOY	$932,459	EOYAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Land Bldg Equip Cost Or Other Bss	$286,923,828	LandBldgEquipCostOrOtherBssAmt
Land Bldg Equip Accum Deprec	$210,401,712	LandBldgEquipAccumDeprecAmt

Land Bldg Equip Basis Net LandBldgEquipBasisNetGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$74,740,074	BOYAmt
EOY	$76,522,116	EOYAmt

Investments Pub Traded Sec InvestmentsPubTradedSecGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$145,400,000	BOYAmt
EOY	$128,474,605	EOYAmt

Investments Other Securities InvestmentsOtherSecuritiesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$495,706,221	BOYAmt
EOY	$515,504,339	EOYAmt

Investments Program Related InvestmentsProgramRelatedGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$0	BOYAmt

Intangible Assets IntangibleAssetsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$0	BOYAmt

Other Assets Total OtherAssetsTotalGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$14,822,631	BOYAmt
EOY	$14,283,070	EOYAmt

Total Assets TotalAssetsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$805,255,578	BOYAmt
EOY	$822,778,011	EOYAmt

Accounts Payable Accr Expnss AccountsPayableAccrExpnssGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$41,913,073	BOYAmt
EOY	$47,596,671	EOYAmt

Grants Payable GrantsPayableGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$0	BOYAmt
EOY	$0	EOYAmt

Deferred Revenue DeferredRevenueGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$25,958,026	BOYAmt
EOY	$24,485,921	EOYAmt

Tax Exempt Bond Liabilities TaxExemptBondLiabilitiesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$0	BOYAmt
EOY	$0	EOYAmt

Escrow Account Liability EscrowAccountLiabilityGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$0	BOYAmt
EOY	$0	EOYAmt

Loans From Officers Directors LoansFromOfficersDirectorsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$0	BOYAmt
EOY	$0	EOYAmt

Mortg Notes Pybl Scrd Invst Prop MortgNotesPyblScrdInvstPropGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$94,236,307	BOYAmt
EOY	$92,138,737	EOYAmt

Unsecured Notes Loans Payable UnsecuredNotesLoansPayableGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$0	BOYAmt
EOY	$0	EOYAmt

Other Liabilities OtherLiabilitiesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$10,859,097	BOYAmt
EOY	$9,149,952	EOYAmt

Total Liabilities TotalLiabilitiesGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$172,966,503	BOYAmt
EOY	$173,371,281	EOYAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Organization Follows FASB117	Yes (X)	OrganizationFollowsFASB117Ind

No Donor Restriction Net Assets NoDonorRestrictionNetAssetsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$112,765,719	BOYAmt
EOY	$119,439,210	EOYAmt

Donor Restriction Net Assets DonorRestrictionNetAssetsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$519,523,356	BOYAmt
EOY	$529,967,520	EOYAmt

Cap Stk Tr Prin Current Funds CapStkTrPrinCurrentFundsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$0	BOYAmt
EOY	$0	EOYAmt

Pd In Cap Srpls Land Bldg Eqp Fund PdInCapSrplsLandBldgEqpFundGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$0	BOYAmt
EOY	$0	EOYAmt

Rtn Earn Endowment Incm Oth Fnds RtnEarnEndowmentIncmOthFndsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$0	BOYAmt
EOY	$0	EOYAmt

Total Net Assets Fund Balance TotalNetAssetsFundBalanceGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$632,289,075	BOYAmt
EOY	$649,406,730	EOYAmt

Tot Liab Net Assets Fund Balance TotLiabNetAssetsFundBalanceGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
BOY	$805,255,578	BOYAmt
EOY	$822,778,011	EOYAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Info In Schedule O Part XI	Yes (X)	InfoInScheduleOPartXIInd
Reconcilation Revenue Expnss	-$16,062,766	ReconcilationRevenueExpnssAmt
Net Unrlzd Gains Losses Invst	$33,334,875	NetUnrlzdGainsLossesInvstAmt
Other Changes In Net Assets	-$154,454	OtherChangesInNetAssetsAmt
Method Of Accounting Accrual	Yes (X)	MethodOfAccountingAccrualInd
Accountant Compile Or Review	false	AccountantCompileOrReviewInd
FS Audited	Yes (true)	FSAuditedInd

FS Audited Basis FSAuditedBasisGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Separate Basis Fincl Stmt	Yes (X)	SeparateBasisFinclStmtInd

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Audit Committee	Yes (true)	AuditCommitteeInd
Federal Grant Audit Required	Yes (true)	FederalGrantAuditRequiredInd
Federal Grant Audit Performed	Yes (true)	FederalGrantAuditPerformedInd

Schedule A IRS990ScheduleA

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Public Organization170	Yes (X)	PublicOrganization170Ind

Gifts Grants Contri Rcvd170 GiftsGrantsContriRcvd170Grp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Current Tax Year Minus4 Years	$160,545,802	CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus3 Years	$176,855,692	CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus2 Years	$138,798,417	CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus1 Year	$150,881,176	CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt
Current Tax Year	$139,394,431	CurrentTaxYearAmt
Total	$766,475,518	TotalAmt

Tax Rev Levied Orgnztnl Bnft170 TaxRevLeviedOrgnztnlBnft170Grp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$0	TotalAmt

Govt Furn Srvc Fclts Vl170 GovtFurnSrvcFcltsVl170Grp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$0	TotalAmt

Total Calendar Year170 TotalCalendarYear170Grp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Current Tax Year Minus4 Years	$160,545,802	CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus3 Years	$176,855,692	CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus2 Years	$138,798,417	CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus1 Year	$150,881,176	CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt
Current Tax Year	$139,394,431	CurrentTaxYearAmt
Total	$766,475,518	TotalAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Substantial Contributors Tot	$12,874,606	SubstantialContributorsTotAmt
Public Support Total170	$753,600,912	PublicSupportTotal170Amt

Gross Investment Income170 GrossInvestmentIncome170Grp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Current Tax Year Minus4 Years	$4,322,033	CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus3 Years	$6,807,160	CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus2 Years	$9,621,065	CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus1 Year	$6,721,516	CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt
Current Tax Year	$10,050,004	CurrentTaxYearAmt
Total	$37,521,778	TotalAmt

Unrelated Business Net Incm170 UnrelatedBusinessNetIncm170Grp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total	$0	TotalAmt

Other Income170 OtherIncome170Grp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Current Tax Year Minus4 Years	$3,315	CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus3 Years	$1,945	CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus2 Years	$4,857	CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt
Current Tax Year Minus1 Year	$2,864	CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt
Current Tax Year	$31,986	CurrentTaxYearAmt
Total	$44,967	TotalAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Support	$804,042,263	TotalSupportAmt
Gross Receipts Rltd Activities	$0	GrossReceiptsRltdActivitiesAmt
Public Support CY170	0.9373	PublicSupportCY170Pct
Public Support PY170	0.9455	PublicSupportPY170Pct
Thirty Thr Pct Suprt Tests CY170	Yes (X)	ThirtyThrPctSuprtTestsCY170Ind

Form990 Schedule A Part VI Form990ScheduleAPartVIGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Form And Line Reference	Schedule A, Part II, Line 10 Other Income	FormAndLineReferenceDesc
Explanation	DESCRIPTION - ROYALTIES, COLUMN A - 1093.0, COLUMN B - 993.0, COLUMN C - 2851.0, COLUMN D - 1781.0, COLUMN E - 1183.0, COLUMN F - 7901.0; DESCRIPTION - REVENUE SHARING-HOST VEHICLE CHARGING STATION, COLUMN A - 1228.0, COLUMN B - 952.0, COLUMN C - 2006.0, COLUMN D - 1083.0, COLUMN E - 1997.0, COLUMN F - 7266.0; DESCRIPTION - NET GIFT SHOP SALES, COLUMN A - 994.0, COLUMN B - 0.0, COLUMN C - 0.0, COLUMN D - 0.0, COLUMN E - 0.0, COLUMN F - 994.0; DESCRIPTION - AR RECHARGE ALLOWANCE, COLUMN A - 0.0, COLUMN B - 0.0, COLUMN C - 0.0, COLUMN D - 0.0, COLUMN E - 28806.0, COLUMN F - 28806.0;	ExplanationTxt

Schedule B IRS990ScheduleB

Contributor Information ContributorInformationGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Contributor	RESTRICTED	ContributorNum

Contributor Business Name ContributorBusinessName

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Business Name Line1	RESTRICTED	BusinessNameLine1

Contributor US Address ContributorUSAddress

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Address Line1	RESTRICTED	AddressLine1
Address Line2	RESTRICTED	AddressLine2
City	RESTRICTED	City
State	RESTRICTED	State
ZIP Code	RESTRICTED	ZIPCode

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Contributions	RESTRICTED	TotalContributionsAmt

Schedule C IRS990ScheduleC

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Volunteers	false	VolunteersInd
Paid Staff Or Management	false	PaidStaffOrManagementInd
Media Advertisements	false	MediaAdvertisementsInd
Mailings Members	false	MailingsMembersInd
Publications Or Broadcast	false	PublicationsOrBroadcastInd
Grants Other Organizations	false	GrantsOtherOrganizationsInd
Direct Contact Legislators	false	DirectContactLegislatorsInd
Rallies Demonstrations	false	RalliesDemonstrationsInd
Other Activities	Yes (true)	OtherActivitiesInd
Other Activities	$3,100	OtherActivitiesAmt
Total Lobbying Expenditures	$3,100	TotalLobbyingExpendituresAmt
Not Described Section501c3	false	NotDescribedSection501c3Ind

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Form And Line Reference	Schedule C, Part II-B, Line 1 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE LOBBYING ACTIVITY	FormAndLineReferenceDesc
Explanation	PAID MEMBERSHIP DUES TO RESEARCH AND BIOMEDICAL ORGANIZATIONS, A PORTION OF WHICH ARE CONSIDERED LOBBYING. ASSOCIATION OF INDEPENDENT RESEARCH INSTITUTES - $1,500, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH - $1,200, BIOCOM - $400.	ExplanationTxt

Schedule D IRS990ScheduleD

CY Endwmt Fund CYEndwmtFundGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Beginning Year Balance	$351,101,623	BeginningYearBalanceAmt
Contributions	$4,828,947	ContributionsAmt
Investment Earnings Or Losses	$31,788,749	InvestmentEarningsOrLossesAmt
Other Expenditures	$16,900,459	OtherExpendituresAmt
End Year Balance	$370,818,860	EndYearBalanceAmt

CY Minus1 Yr Endwmt Fund CYMinus1YrEndwmtFundGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Beginning Year Balance	$345,211,760	BeginningYearBalanceAmt
Contributions	$4,585,120	ContributionsAmt
Investment Earnings Or Losses	$17,999,745	InvestmentEarningsOrLossesAmt
Other Expenditures	$16,695,002	OtherExpendituresAmt
End Year Balance	$351,101,623	EndYearBalanceAmt

CY Minus2 Yr Endwmt Fund CYMinus2YrEndwmtFundGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Beginning Year Balance	$375,050,161	BeginningYearBalanceAmt
Contributions	$1,603,261	ContributionsAmt
Investment Earnings Or Losses	-$15,394,543	InvestmentEarningsOrLossesAmt
Other Expenditures	$16,047,119	OtherExpendituresAmt
End Year Balance	$345,211,760	EndYearBalanceAmt

CY Minus3 Yr Endwmt Fund CYMinus3YrEndwmtFundGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Beginning Year Balance	$299,166,085	BeginningYearBalanceAmt
Contributions	$14,926,831	ContributionsAmt
Investment Earnings Or Losses	$74,973,285	InvestmentEarningsOrLossesAmt
Other Expenditures	$14,016,040	OtherExpendituresAmt
End Year Balance	$375,050,161	EndYearBalanceAmt

CY Minus4 Yr Endwmt Fund CYMinus4YrEndwmtFundGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Beginning Year Balance	$286,834,762	BeginningYearBalanceAmt
Contributions	$6,580,341	ContributionsAmt
Investment Earnings Or Losses	$17,530,495	InvestmentEarningsOrLossesAmt
Other Expenditures	$11,779,513	OtherExpendituresAmt
End Year Balance	$299,166,085	EndYearBalanceAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Board Designated Balance EOY	0.0387	BoardDesignatedBalanceEOYPct
Prmnnt Endowment Balance EOY	0.6951	PrmnntEndowmentBalanceEOYPct
Term Endowment Balance EOY	0.2662	TermEndowmentBalanceEOYPct
Endowments Held Unrelated Org	false	EndowmentsHeldUnrelatedOrgInd
Endowments Held Related Org	false	EndowmentsHeldRelatedOrgInd

Land LandGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Other Cost Or Other Basis	$1,153,930	OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt
Book Value	$1,153,930	BookValueAmt

Buildings BuildingsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Other Cost Or Other Basis	$64,209,980	OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt
Depreciation	$56,127,835	DepreciationAmt
Book Value	$8,082,145	BookValueAmt

Leasehold Improvements LeaseholdImprovementsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Other Cost Or Other Basis	$100,100,412	OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt
Depreciation	$70,489,610	DepreciationAmt
Book Value	$29,610,802	BookValueAmt

Equipment EquipmentGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Other Cost Or Other Basis	$120,527,559	OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt
Depreciation	$82,860,875	DepreciationAmt
Book Value	$37,666,684	BookValueAmt

Other Land Buildings OtherLandBuildingsGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Other Cost Or Other Basis	$931,947	OtherCostOrOtherBasisAmt
Depreciation	$923,392	DepreciationAmt
Book Value	$8,555	BookValueAmt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Book Value Land Buildings	$76,522,116	TotalBookValueLandBuildingsAmt

Other Securities OtherSecuritiesGrp (3 entries)

DescDesc	Book ValueBookValueAmt	Method ValuationMethodValuationCd
ALTERNATIVE INVESTMENTS	$486,545,877	F
STOCKS NOT-PUBLICLY TRADED <5%	$3,011	C
LIMITED PARTNERSHIP INTEREST	$28,955,451	F

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Book Value Securities	$515,504,339	TotalBookValueSecuritiesAmt
Federal Income Tax Liability	$4,585	FederalIncomeTaxLiabilityAmt

Other Liabilities Org OtherLiabilitiesOrgGrp (2 entries)

DescDesc	AmtAmt
DEFERRED RETIREE MEDICAL OBLIG	$4,129,876
LEASE LIABILITY	$5,015,491

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Liability	$9,149,952	TotalLiabilityAmt
Footnote Text	Yes (X)	FootnoteTextInd
Total Rev Etc Audited Fincl Stmt	$167,039,603	TotalRevEtcAuditedFinclStmtAmt
Net Unrealized Gains Invst	$33,334,875	NetUnrealizedGainsInvstAmt
Other Revenue	-$26,288,749	OtherRevenueAmt
Revenue Not Reported	$7,046,126	RevenueNotReportedAmt
Revenue Subtotal	$159,993,477	RevenueSubtotalAmt
Investment Expenses Not Incld	$2,637,713	InvestmentExpensesNotIncldAmt
Other Revenues Not Included	-$1,464,720	OtherRevenuesNotIncludedAmt
Revenue Not Reported Fincl Stmt	$1,172,993	RevenueNotReportedFinclStmtAmt
Total Revenue Per Form990	$161,166,470	TotalRevenuePerForm990Amt
Tot Expns Etc Audited Fincl Stmt	$176,056,640	TotExpnsEtcAuditedFinclStmtAmt
Other Expenses Included	$1,465,117	OtherExpensesIncludedAmt
Expenses Not Reported	$1,465,117	ExpensesNotReportedAmt
Expenses Subtotal	$174,591,523	ExpensesSubtotalAmt
Investment Expenses Not Incld2	$2,637,713	InvestmentExpensesNotIncld2Amt
Other Expenses Not Included	$0	OtherExpensesNotIncludedAmt
Expenses Not Rpt Fincl Stmt	$2,637,713	ExpensesNotRptFinclStmtAmt
Total Expenses Per Form990	$177,229,236	TotalExpensesPerForm990Amt

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail (9 entries)

Form And Line ReferenceFormAndLineReferenceDesc	ExplanationExplanationTxt
Schedule D, Part XI, Line 2(d)	INVESTMENT RETURN IN EXCESS OF AMOUNT DESIGNATED FOR CURRENT OPERATIONS UNDER SPENDING POLICY ($26,141,913) AND CHANGE IN VALUE OF DEFERRED GIFTS ($146,836)
Schedule D, Part XI, Line 4(b)	FUNDRAISING EXPENSES ($1,073,700) AND ROUNDING $397
Schedule D, Part XII, Line 2(d)	FUNDRAISING EVENTS EXPENSE $1,073,700
Schedule D, Part XII, Line 4(b)	ROUNDING $1
Schedule D, Part V, Line 4 Intended uses of endowment funds	ENDOWMENT INCOME INTENDED TO BE USED FOR AND TO SUPPORT RESEARCH, OPERATIONS, AND LECTURESHIP EXPENSES.
Schedule D, Part X, Line 2 FIN 48 (ASC 740) footnote	INCOME TAXES - THE INSTITUTE HAS NO UNRECOGNIZED TAX BENEFITS AS OF JUNE 30, 2024 AND 2023.
Schedule D, Part XI, Line 2(d) Other revenues in audited financial statements not in form 990	INVESTMENT INCOME IN EXCESS OF AMOUNT DESIGNATED FOR CURRENT OPERATIONS - -26141913 CHANGE IN VALUE OF DEFERRED GIFTS - -146836
Schedule D, Part XI, Line 4(b) Other revenues in form 990 not in audited financial statements	FUNDRAISING EXPENSES - -1465117 ROUNDING - 397
Schedule D, Part XII, Line 2(d) Other expenses in audited financial statements not in form 990	FUNDRAISING EXPENSES - 1465117

Schedule F IRS990ScheduleF

Account Activities Outside US AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp (9 entries)

RegionRegionTxt	Type Of Activities ConductedTypeOfActivitiesConductedTxt	Specific Services ProvidedSpecificServicesProvidedTxt	Region Total ExpendituresRegionTotalExpendituresAmt
Europe (Including Iceland and Greenland)	Program Services	SCIENTISTS TRAVEL TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES TO ATTEND CONFERENCES. WE DO NOT DEEM THESE ACTIVITIES TO CONSTITUTE WORKING IN THE REGION.	$288,481
North America (Canada & Mexico only)	Program Services	SCIENTISTS TRAVEL TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES TO ATTEND CONFERENCES. WE DO NOT DEEM THESE ACTIVITIES TO CONSTITUTE WORKING IN THE REGION.	$44,461
South Asia	Program Services	SCIENTISTS TRAVEL TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES TO ATTEND CONFERENCES. WE DO NOT DEEM THESE ACTIVITIES TO CONSTITUTE WORKING IN THE REGION.	$6,203
East Asia and the Pacific	Program Services	SCIENTISTS TRAVEL TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES TO ATTEND CONFERENCES. WE DO NOT DEEM THESE ACTIVITIES TO CONSTITUTE WORKING IN THE REGION.	$67,580
Middle East and North Africa	Program Services	SCIENTISTS TRAVEL TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES TO ATTEND CONFERENCES. WE DO NOT DEEM THESE ACTIVITIES TO CONSTITUTE WORKING IN THE REGION.	$2,797
South America	Program Services	SCIENTISTS TRAVEL TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES TO ATTEND CONFERENCES. WE DO NOT DEEM THESE ACTIVITIES TO CONSTITUTE WORKING IN THE REGION.	$25,071
Central America and the Caribbean	Investments		$215,382,133
Europe (Including Iceland and Greenland)	Investments		$37,220,916
North America (Canada & Mexico only)	Investments		$1,188,844

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Subtotal Offices	0	SubtotalOfficesCnt
Subtotal Employees	0	SubtotalEmployeesCnt
Continuation Total Office	0	ContinuationTotalOfficeCnt
Continuation Total Employee	0	ContinuationTotalEmployeeCnt
Total Office	0	TotalOfficeCnt
Total Employee	0	TotalEmployeeCnt
Subtotal Spent	$254,226,486	SubtotalSpentAmt
Continuation Spent	$0	ContinuationSpentAmt
Total Spent	$254,226,486	TotalSpentAmt
Transfer To Foreign Corp	Yes (true)	TransferToForeignCorpInd
Interest In Foreign Trust	false	InterestInForeignTrustInd
Foreign Corp Ownership	Yes (true)	ForeignCorpOwnershipInd
Passive Foreign Investmest Co	Yes (true)	PassiveForeignInvestmestCoInd
Foreign Partnership	Yes (true)	ForeignPartnershipInd
Boycott Countries	false	BoycottCountriesInd

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Form And Line Reference	Schedule F, Part I, Line 3 Method used to account for expenditures on org's financial statements	FormAndLineReferenceDesc
Explanation	CENTRAL AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN-Accrual; EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFIC-Accrual; EUROPE (INCLUDING ICELAND AND GREENLAND)-Accrual; MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA-Accrual; NORTH AMERICA (CANADA & MEXICO ONLY)-Accrual; SOUTH AMERICA-Accrual; SOUTH ASIA-Accrual	ExplanationTxt

Schedule G IRS990ScheduleG

Fundraising Event Information FundraisingEventInformationGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Event1	CONCERT	Event1Nm
Gross Receipts Event1	$1,073,700	GrossReceiptsEvent1Amt
Charitable Contri Event1	$920,400	CharitableContriEvent1Amt
Gross Revenue Event1	$153,300	GrossRevenueEvent1Amt
Food And Beverage Event1	$71,903	FoodAndBeverageEvent1Amt
Entertainment Event1	$620,088	EntertainmentEvent1Amt
Other Direct Expenses Event1	$773,126	OtherDirectExpensesEvent1Amt
Gross Revenue Event2	$0	GrossRevenueEvent2Amt
Gross Revenue Other Events	$0	GrossRevenueOtherEventsAmt
Gross Receipts Total	$1,073,700	GrossReceiptsTotalAmt
Charitable Contributions Tot	$920,400	CharitableContributionsTotAmt
Gross Revenue Total Events	$153,300	GrossRevenueTotalEventsAmt
Food And Beverage Total Events	$71,903	FoodAndBeverageTotalEventsAmt
Entertainment Total Events	$620,088	EntertainmentTotalEventsAmt
Oth Direct Expnss Total Events	$773,126	OthDirectExpnssTotalEventsAmt
Direct Expense Summary Events	$1,465,117	DirectExpenseSummaryEventsAmt
Net Income Summary	-$1,311,817	NetIncomeSummaryAmt

Schedule J IRS990ScheduleJ

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
First Class Or Charter Travel	Yes (X)	FirstClassOrCharterTravelInd
Written Policy Ref T And E Expnss	Yes (true)	WrittenPolicyRefTAndEExpnssInd
Substantiation Required	Yes (true)	SubstantiationRequiredInd
Compensation Committee	Yes (X)	CompensationCommitteeInd
Independent Consultant	Yes (X)	IndependentConsultantInd
Form990 Of Other Organizations	Yes (X)	Form990OfOtherOrganizationsInd
Compensation Survey	Yes (X)	CompensationSurveyInd
Board Or Committee Approval	Yes (X)	BoardOrCommitteeApprovalInd
Severance Payment	false	SeverancePaymentInd
Supplemental Nonqual Rtr Plan	false	SupplementalNonqualRtrPlanInd
Equity Based Comp Arrngm	false	EquityBasedCompArrngmInd
Comp Based On Revenue Of Flng Org	false	CompBasedOnRevenueOfFlngOrgInd
Comp Bsd On Rev Related Orgs	false	CompBsdOnRevRelatedOrgsInd
Comp Bsd Net Earns Flng Org	false	CompBsdNetEarnsFlngOrgInd
Comp Bsd Net Earns Rltd Orgs	false	CompBsdNetEarnsRltdOrgsInd
Any Non Fixed Payments	false	AnyNonFixedPaymentsInd
Initial Contract Exception	false	InitialContractExceptionInd

Rltd Org Officer Trst Key Empl RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp (12 entries)

TitleTitleTxt	Base Compensation Filing OrgBaseCompensationFilingOrgAmt	Compensation Based On Rltd OrgsCompensationBasedOnRltdOrgsAmt	Bonus Filing OrganizationBonusFilingOrganizationAmount	Bonus Related OrganizationsBonusRelatedOrganizationsAmt	Other Compensation Filing OrgOtherCompensationFilingOrgAmt	Other Compensation Rltd OrgsOtherCompensationRltdOrgsAmt	Deferred Compensation Flng OrgDeferredCompensationFlngOrgAmt	Deferred Comp Rltd OrgsDeferredCompRltdOrgsAmt	Nontaxable Benefits Filing OrgNontaxableBenefitsFilingOrgAmt	Nontaxable Benefits Rltd OrgsNontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt	Total Compensation Filing OrgTotalCompensationFilingOrgAmt	Total Compensation Rltd OrgsTotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt	Comp Report Prior990 Filing OrgCompReportPrior990FilingOrgAmt	Comp Report Prior990 Rltd OrgsCompReportPrior990RltdOrgsAmt
GERALD JOYCE MD PHD
PRESIDENT / PROFESSOR	$751,123	$0	$0	$0	$10,668	$0	$39,600	$0	$16,640	$0	$818,031	$0	$0	$0
REUBEN SHAW PHD
TRUSTEE/PROFESSOR	$261,343	$0	$0	$0	$147,105	$0	$39,600	$0	$13,964	$0	$462,012	$0	$0	$0
JANELLE AYRES PHD
TRUSTEE/PROFESSOR	$263,290	$0	$0	$0	$5,947	$0	$32,175	$0	$8,309	$0	$309,721	$0	$0	$0
TATYANA SHARPEE PHD
TRUSTEE/PROFESSOR (OUTGOING MAR 2024)	$240,373	$0	$0	$0	$18,746	$0	$31,394	$0	$13,854	$0	$304,367	$0	$0	$0
WOLFGANG BUSCH PHD
TRUSTEE/PROFESSOR	$217,250	$0	$0	$0	$131,871	$0	$37,284	$0	$11,965	$0	$398,370	$0	$0	$0
KIM E WITMER
TREASURER/SVP FINANCE & ADMN	$506,663	$0	$0	$0	$17,268	$0	$39,600	$0	$8,814	$0	$572,345	$0	$0	$0
JULIA A MILLER JD
SECRETARY/GENERAL COUNSEL	$385,649	$0	$0	$0	$29,173	$0	$39,600	$0	$22,610	$0	$477,032	$0	$0	$0
KIMBERLY CASTILLO
CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER	$315,835	$0	$0	$0	$9,773	$0	$39,600	$0	$16,962	$0	$382,170	$0	$0	$0
FRED GAGE PHD
PROFESSOR	$568,480	$0	$0	$0	$17,415	$0	$39,600	$0	$18,765	$0	$644,260	$0	$0	$0
RONALD EVANS PHD
PROFESSOR	$406,745	$0	$0	$0	$28,524	$0	$33,000	$0	$2,772	$0	$471,041	$0	$0	$0
SAMUEL PFAFF PHD
PROFESSOR	$306,990	$0	$0	$0	$72,490	$0	$38,688	$0	$18,985	$0	$437,153	$0	$0	$0
BRYAN ROBINSON
VP, EXTERNAL RELATIONS	$470,601	$0	$0	$0	$29,509	$0	$33,000	$0	$14,465	$0	$547,575	$0	$0	$0

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Form And Line Reference	Schedule J, Part I, Line 1a First-class or charter travel	FormAndLineReferenceDesc
Explanation	FIRST-CLASS OR CHARTER TRAVEL: FRED GAGE, PH.D., PROFESSOR - $16,705; JANELLE AYRES, PH.D., PROFESSOR - $7,632; JAN KARLSEDER, PH.D., PROFESSOR - $7,312; WOLFGANG BUSCH, PH.D., PROFESSOR - $4,115. NOT TAXABLE - ACCOUNTABLE PLAN.	ExplanationTxt

Schedule L IRS990ScheduleL

Loans Btwn Org Interested Prsn LoansBtwnOrgInterestedPrsnGrp (2 entries)

Relationship With OrgRelationshipWithOrgTxt	Loan PurposeLoanPurposeTxt	Loan From OrganizationLoanFromOrganizationInd	Original PrincipalOriginalPrincipalAmt	Balance DueBalanceDueAmt	DefaultDefaultInd	Board Or Committee ApprovalBoardOrCommitteeApprovalInd	Written AgreementWrittenAgreementInd
REUBEN SHAW
PROFESSOR	HOME LOAN	Yes (X)	$700,000	$274,164	false	Yes (true)	Yes (true)
TATYANA SHARPEE
PROFESSOR	HOME LOAN	Yes (X)	$30,140	$30,140	false	Yes (true)	Yes (true)

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Total Balance Due	$304,304	TotalBalanceDueAmt

Schedule M IRS990ScheduleM

Securities Publicly Traded SecuritiesPubliclyTradedGrp

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Non Cash Checkbox	Yes (X)	NonCashCheckboxInd
Contribution	84	ContributionCnt
Noncash Contributions Rpt F990	$2,882,637	NoncashContributionsRptF990Amt
Method Of Determining Revenues	Market value	MethodOfDeterminingRevenuesTxt

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Form8283 Received	0	Form8283ReceivedCnt
Any Property That Must Be Held	false	AnyPropertyThatMustBeHeldInd
Review Process Unusual NC Gifts	Yes (true)	ReviewProcessUnusualNCGiftsInd
Third Parties Used	false	ThirdPartiesUsedInd

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Form And Line Reference	Schedule M, Part I Explanations of reporting method for number of contributions	FormAndLineReferenceDesc
Explanation	Securities - Publicly traded - THE AMOUNT REPORTED REPRESENTS THE NUMBER OF CONTRIBUTIONS RECEIVED.	ExplanationTxt

Schedule O IRS990ScheduleO

Supplemental Information Detail SupplementalInformationDetail (14 entries)

Form And Line ReferenceFormAndLineReferenceDesc	ExplanationExplanationTxt
Form 990, Part III, Line 4a continued1	PREYING ON HUNGRY, ANXIOUS WORMS-THE LIFE OF THE TINY WORM CALLED C. ELEGANS CONSISTS MOSTLY OF LOOKING FOR FOOD, EATING FOOD, AND LAYING EGGS. SO, WHEN ANY OF THESE BEHAVIORS IS DISRUPTED, THERE'S CAUSE FOR CONCERN. IN A NEW STUDY, SALK RESEARCHERS DISCOVERED THAT THE "FEEL GOOD" BRAIN CHEMICAL DOPAMINE REGULATES ANXIOUS WORM BEHAVIOR IN THE PRESENCE OF NIPPING PREDATORS. THE FINDINGS ILLUMINATE HOW THIS DOPAMINE-REGULATED BRAIN PATHWAY MAY BE RELATED TO ANXIETY AND COULD PROVIDE INSIGHT INTO HUMAN CONDITIONS, SUCH AS POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER (PTSD). THE STUDY WAS LED BY PROFESSOR SREEKANTH CHALASANI AND PUBLISHED IN ELIFE ON JULY 11, 2023. REVEALING HIV DRUG-RESISTANCE MECHANISMS THROUGH PROTEIN STRUCTURES-SALK SCIENTISTS, IN COLLABORATION WITH THE NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH, DISCOVERED THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS BY WHICH THE HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV) BECOMES RESISTANT TO DOLUTEGRAVIR, ONE OF THE MOST EFFECTIVE, CLINICALLY USED ANTIVIRAL DRUGS FOR TREATING THE INFECTION. THE NEW STUDY REVEALS HOW CHANGES TO THE 3D STRUCTURES OF INTEGRASE, AN HIV PROTEIN, CAN LEAD TO DOLUTEGRAVIR RESISTANCE AND HOW OTHER COMPOUNDS MAY BE ABLE TO OVERCOME THIS RESISTANCE. THE STUDY WAS LED BY ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR DMITRY LYUMKIS AND PUBLISHED IN SCIENCE ADVANCES ON JULY 21, 2023. WHY WE LOSE FAT AND MUSCLE DURING INFECTION-A SALK TEAM DISCOVERED THE WASTING RESPONSE-LOSS OF FAT AND MUSCLE-TO INFECTION WITH THE BACTERIA T. BRUCEI IN MICE OCCURS IN TWO PHASES, EACH REGULATED BY DIFFERENT T CELL SUBTYPES. WHILE FAT LOSS DID NOT BENEFIT THE FIGHT AGAINST INFECTION, MUSCLE LOSS DID-A SURPRISING CLUE THAT SOME WASTING MAY HELP MANAGE ILLNESS. THE FINDINGS CAN INFORM THE DEVELOPMENT OF MORE EFFECTIVE THERAPEUTICS THAT SPARE PEOPLE FROM WASTING AND INCREASE OUR UNDERSTANDING OF HOW WASTING INFLUENCES SURVIVAL AND MORBIDITY ACROSS INFECTIONS, CANCERS, CHRONIC ILLNESSES, AND MORE. THE STUDY WAS LED BY PROFESSOR JANELLE AYRES AND PUBLISHED IN CELL REPORTS ON JULY 24, 2023. USING THE BODY'S "INVISIBLE SCALPEL" TO REMOVE BRAIN CANCER-SALK RESEARCHERS FOUND THAT HELPER T CELLS PLAY A CRUCIAL ROLE IN THE SUCCESS OF THE IMMUNOTHERAPY TREATMENT ANTI-CTLA-4 IN MICE WITH GLIOBLASTOMA, THE MOST COMMON AND DEADLY FORM OF BRAIN CANCER. THE IMMUNOTHERAPY'S SUCCESS DEPENDED ON HELPER T CELLS PAIRING UP WITH BRAIN-RESIDENT IMMUNE CELLS CALLED MICROGLIA-DEMONSTRATING THE VALUE OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM'S QUILTED CONNECTIONS. THE FINDINGS SHOW THE BENEFIT OF HARNESSING THE BODY'S OWN IMMUNE CELLS TO FIGHT BRAIN CANCER AND COULD LEAD TO MORE EFFECTIVE IMMUNOTHERAPIES FOR TREATING BRAIN CANCER IN HUMANS. THE STUDY WAS LED BY PROFESSOR SUSAN KAECH AND PUBLISHED IN IMMUNITY ON AUGUST 11, 2023. HIGH-FAT DIETS ALTER GUT BACTERIA, BOOSTING COLORECTAL CANCER RISK IN MICE-THE PREVALENCE OF COLORECTAL CANCER IN PEOPLE UNDER THE AGE OF 50 HAS RISEN IN RECENT DECADES. ONE SUSPECTED REASON: THE INCREASING RATE OF OBESITY AND HIGH-FAT DIETS. NOW, SALK SCIENTISTS, IN COLLABORATION WITH UC SAN DIEGO, DISCOVERED EXACTLY HOW HIGH-FAT DIETS CAN CHANGE GUT BACTERIA AND ALTER DIGESTIVE MOLECULES CALLED BILE ACIDS, PREDISPOSING MICE TO COLORECTAL CANCER. THE FINDINGS HELP SCIENTISTS BETTER UNDERSTAND COLORECTAL CANCER AND HOW TO POTENTIALLY PREVENT IT. THE STUDY WAS LED BY PROFESSOR RONALD EVANS AND PUBLISHED IN CELL REPORTS ON AUGUST 22, 2023. "SUPER-ENHANCER" SUPER-CHARGES PANCREATIC TUMOR GROWTH-PANCREATIC CANCERS ARE AMONG THE MOST AGGRESSIVE, DEADLY TUMOR TYPES AND FOR YEARS RESEARCHERS HAVE STRUGGLED TO DEVELOP EFFECTIVE DRUGS AGAINST THE TUMORS. A SALK TEAM IDENTIFIED A NEW SET OF MOLECULES THAT FUEL THE GROWTH OF TUMORS IN PANCREATIC DUCTAL ADENOCARCINOMA (PDAC), THE MOST COMMON TYPE OF PANCREATIC CANCER. THE NEW RESEARCH EXPLAINS HOW CERTAIN GENE MUTATIONS TRIGGER OUT-OF-CONTROL GROWTH IN PANCREATIC CANCER BY ACTIVATING A "SUPER-ENHANCER" THAT TURNS ON OTHER GENES. THEY ALSO SHOW THE EFFECTIVENESS OF A NEW DRUG THAT PUTS THE BRAKES ON PANCREATIC CANCER GROWTH BY BLOCKING THE EFFECTS OF THAT SUPER-ENHANCER. THE STUDY WAS LED BY PROFESSOR RONALD EVANS AND PUBLISHED IN NATURE COMMUNICATIONS ON SEPTEMBER 6, 2023. REDUCING STRESS ON T CELLS MAKES THEM BETTER CANCER FIGHTERS-EVEN FOR KILLER T CELLS-SPECIALIZED IMMUNE CELLS-SEEKING AND DESTROYING CANCER CELLS AROUND THE CLOCK CAN BE EXHAUSTING. IN A NEW STUDY, SALK SCIENTISTS DISCOVERED THE BODY'S SYMPATHETIC STRESS RESPONSE ("FIGHT-OR-FLIGHT") HORMONES CAN EXHAUST KILLER T CELLS IN VARYING CANCER TYPES IN MOUSE AND HUMAN TISSUE SAMPLES-AND THAT EXHAUSTION CAN BE INHIBITED WITH BETA-BLOCKERS. THEIR DISCOVERY DEMONSTRATES THE POTENTIAL BENEFIT OF PAIRING BETA-BLOCKERS WITH EXISTING IMMUNOTHERAPIES TO IMPROVE CANCER TREATMENT BY BOLSTERING KILLER T CELL FUNCTION. THE STUDY WAS LED BY PROFESSOR SUSAN KAECH AND PUBLISHED IN NATURE ON SEPTEMBER 20, 2023. REWIRING TUMOR MITOCHONDRIA ENHANCES THE IMMUNE SYSTEM'S ABILITY TO RECOGNIZE AND FIGHT CANCER-IMMUNOTHERAPY, WHICH USES THE BODY'S OWN IMMUNE SYSTEM TO FIGHT CANCER, IS AN EFFECTIVE TREATMENT OPTION, YET MANY PATIENTS DO NOT RESPOND TO IT. THUS, CANCER RESEARCHERS ARE SEEKING NEW WAYS TO OPTIMIZE IMMUNOTHERAPY SO THAT IT IS MORE EFFECTIVE FOR MORE PEOPLE. RESEARCHERS AT SALK FOUND THAT MANIPULATING AN EARLY STEP IN ENERGY PRODUCTION IN MITOCHONDRIA-THE CELL'S POWERHOUSES-REDUCES MELANOMA TUMOR GROWTH AND ENHANCES THE IMMUNE RESPONSE IN MICE. IN THE FUTURE, THIS MANIPULATION OF MITOCHONDRIA ENERGY PRODUCTION MAY BE LEVERAGED TO CREATE NEW CANCER THERAPEUTICS THAT ARE LESS HARMFUL FOR MITOCHONDRIA AND CELLS. THE STUDY WAS LED BY PROFESSORS SUSAN KAECH AND GERALD SHADEL AND PUBLISHED IN SCIENCE ON SEPTEMBER 21, 2023. UNLEASHING THE POWER OF AI TO TRACK ANIMAL BEHAVIOR-MOVEMENT OFFERS A WINDOW INTO HOW THE BRAIN OPERATES AND CONTROLS THE BODY. METHODS FOR TRACKING HUMAN AND ANIMAL MOVEMENT HAVE COME A LONG WAY, WITH CURRENT CUTTING-EDGE METHODS UTILIZING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TO AUTOMATICALLY TRACK PARTS OF THE BODY AS THEY MOVE. HOWEVER, TRAINING THESE MODELS IS STILL TIME-INTENSIVE AND LIMITED BY THE NEED FOR RESEARCHERS TO MANUALLY MARK EACH BODY PART HUNDREDS TO THOUSANDS OF TIMES. A SALK TEAM CREATED GLOWTRACK, A NONINVASIVE MOVEMENT-TRACKING METHOD THAT USES FLUORESCENT DYE MARKERS TO TRAIN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE. GLOWTRACK IS ROBUST, TIME-EFFICIENT, AND HIGH DEFINITION-CAPABLE OF TRACKING A SINGLE DIGIT ON A MOUSE'S PAW OR HUNDREDS OF LANDMARKS ON A HUMAN HAND. THE STUDY WAS LED BY ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR EIMAN AZIM AND PUBLISHED IN NATURE COMMUNICATIONS ON SEPTEMBER 26, 2023. "A NEW ERA IN BRAIN SCIENCE": UNVEILING HUMAN BRAIN CELL ATLAS-SALK COLLEAGUES AND GLOBAL COLLABORATORS ANALYZED MORE THAN HALF A MILLION BRAIN CELLS FROM THREE HUMAN BRAINS TO ASSEMBLE AN ATLAS OF HUNDREDS OF CELL TYPES THAT MAKE UP A HUMAN BRAIN IN UNPRECEDENTED DETAIL. THE MASSIVE SCIENTIFIC COLLABORATION IS A PART OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH'S BRAIN INITIATIVE, AN EFFORT LAUNCHED IN 2014 TO DESCRIBE THE FULL PLETHORA OF CELLS IN MAMMALIAN BRAINS. MORE DETAILED WORK ON A LARGER NUMBER OF BRAINS, ECKER SAYS, WILL PAVE THE WAY TOWARD A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF HOW CERTAIN BRAIN CELL TYPES CAN MALFUNCTION IN BRAIN DISORDERS AND DISEASES. THE STUDY WAS LED BY PROFESSOR JOSEPH ECKER AND RESEARCH PROFESSOR MARGARITA BEHRENS AND WAS PUBLISHED IN SCIENCE ON OCTOBER 13, 2023. GENETIC ARCHITECTURE MAY BE KEY TO USING PEACEKEEPING IMMUNE CELLS TO TREAT AUTOIMMUNITY OR FIGHT CANCER-REGULATORY T CELLS ARE SPECIALIZED IMMUNE CELLS THAT SUPPRESS THE IMMUNE RESPONSE AND PREVENT THE BODY FROM ATTACKING ITS OWN CELLS. UNDERSTANDING HOW THESE CELLS WORK IS KEY TO DETERMINING HOW THEY MIGHT BE MANIPULATED TO ENCOURAGE THE DESTRUCTION OF CANCER CELLS OR PREVENT AUTOIMMUNITY. CELL BEHAVIOR IS INFLUENCED BY CHROMATIN ARCHITECTURE (THE 3D SHAPE OF CHROMOSOMES) AND WHICH GENES ARE ACCESSIBLE TO PROTEINS-LIKE FOXP3, WHICH PROMOTES REGULATORY T CELL DEVELOPMENT. SALK RESEARCHER REVEALED THAT FOXP3 IS ESSENTIAL FOR CREATING THE UNIQUE CHROMATIN ARCHITECTURE OF REGULATORY T CELLS AND, IN TURN, PROMOTING THEIR IMMUNE SUPPRESSIVE FUNCTION. THE STUDY WAS LED BY PROFESSOR YE ZHENG AND ASSISTANT PROFESSOR JESSE DIXON AND PUBLISHED IN NATURE COMMUNICATIONS ON NOVEMBER 6, 2023. REPAIRING NERVE CELLS AFTER INJURY AND IN CHRONIC DISEASE-EACH YEAR IN THE UNITED STATES THERE ARE MORE THAN 3 MILLION CASES OF PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY, WHEREIN NERVES OUTSIDE OF THE BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD ARE DAMAGED AND CAUSE PAIN AND LOSS OF FEELING IN THE AFFECTED AREAS. SALK RESEARCHERS HAVE NOW UNCOVERED IN MICE A MECHANISM FOR REPAIRING DAMAGED NERVES DURING PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY. THE FINDINGS HAVE THE POTENTIAL TO INSPIRE NOVEL THERAPEUTICS THAT BOLSTER REPAIR FUNCTION AND HEAL PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY CAUSED BY DIABETES, INJURY, GENETICALLY INHERITED DISEASE, INFECTION, AND MORE. THE STUDY WAS LED BY PROFESSOR SAMUEL PFAFF AND PUBLISHED IN CELL REPORTS ON NOVEMBER 28, 2023.
Form 990, Part III, Line 4a continued2	HOW DRUGS CAN TARGET THE THICK "SCAR TISSUE" OF PANCREATIC CANCER-PANCREATIC CANCER IS ONE OF THE DEADLIEST CANCERS-ONLY ABOUT ONE IN EIGHT PATIENTS SURVIVES FIVE YEARS AFTER DIAGNOSIS. THOSE DISMAL STATISTICS ARE IN PART DUE TO THE THICK, NEARLY IMPENETRABLE, WALL OF FIBROSIS, OR SCAR TISSUE, THAT SURROUNDS MOST PANCREATIC TUMORS AND MAKES IT HARD FOR DRUGS TO ACCESS AND DESTROY THE CANCER CELLS. SALK RESEARCHERS HAVE NOW DISCOVERED HOW A CLASS OF ANTI-CANCER DRUGS CALLED HDAC INHIBITORS CAN HELP TREAT PANCREATIC CANCER BY MODULATING THE ACTIVATION OF FIBROBLASTS-THE CELLS THAT MAKE UP THAT WALL OF SCAR TISSUE. THE STUDY WAS LED BY PROFESSOR RONALD EVANS AND PUBLISHED IN NATURE COMMUNICATIONS ON DECEMBER 6, 2023. SALK TEAMS ASSEMBLE FIRST FULL EPIGENOMIC CELL ATLAS OF THE MOUSE BRAIN-AS PART OF A WORLDWIDE INITIATIVE TO REVOLUTIONIZE SCIENTISTS' UNDERSTANDING OF THE BRAIN, SALK SCIENTISTS HELPED ANALYZE MORE THAN 2 MILLION BRAIN CELLS FROM MICE TO ASSEMBLE THE MOST COMPLETE ATLAS EVER OF THE MOUSE BRAIN. THEIR WORK NOT ONLY DETAILS THE THOUSANDS OF CELL TYPES PRESENT IN THE BRAIN BUT ALSO HOW THOSE CELLS CONNECT AND THE GENES AND REGULATORY PROGRAMS THAT ARE ACTIVE IN EACH CELL. THE EFFORTS WERE COORDINATED BY THE NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH'S BRAIN RESEARCH THROUGH ADVANCING INNOVATIVE NEUROTECHNOLOGIES (BRAIN) INITIATIVE, WHICH ULTIMATELY AIMS TO PRODUCE A NEW, DYNAMIC PICTURE OF MAMMALIAN BRAINS. THE FOUR SALK-AUTHORED STUDIES INCLUDED IN THE SPECIAL NATURE ISSUE PUBLISHED DECEMBER 13, 2023, WERE LED BY PROFESSOR EDWARD CALLAWAY, PROFESSOR JOSEPH ECKER, AND RESEARCH PROFESSOR MARGARITA BEHRENS. UNCOVERING KEY BRAIN PATHWAY MEDIATING PANIC DISORDER SYMPTOMS-CREATING A MAP OF THE REGIONS, NEURONS, AND CONNECTIONS IN THE BRAIN THAT MEDIATE PANIC ATTACKS CAN PROVIDE GUIDANCE FOR DEVELOPING MORE EFFECTIVE PANIC DISORDER THERAPEUTICS. SALK SCIENTISTS HAVE BEGUN TO CONSTRUCT SUCH A MAP, DESCRIBING A CIRCUIT OF SPECIALIZED NEURONS THAT SEND AND RECEIVE A NEUROPEPTIDE-A SMALL PROTEIN THAT SENDS MESSAGES THROUGHOUT THE BRAIN-CALLED PACAP. WHAT'S MORE, THEY DETERMINED THAT PACAP AND THE NEURONS THAT PRODUCE ITS RECEPTOR ARE POSSIBLE DRUGGABLE TARGETS FOR NEW PANIC DISORDER TREATMENTS. THE STUDY WAS LED BY ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR SUNG HAN AND PUBLISHED IN NATURE NEUROSCIENCE ON JANUARY 4, 2024. A STEP TOWARDS CLINIC-READY PATIENT-DERIVED ORGANOIDS-PANCREATIC CANCER HAS THE HIGHEST MORTALITY RATE OF ALL MAJOR CANCERS AND IS ESPECIALLY DIFFICULT TO TREAT BECAUSE THE TUMORS GROW SO QUICKLY AND ARE CONSTANTLY EVOLVING-BUT PATIENT-DERIVED ORGANOIDS COULD CHANGE ALL THAT. A SALK STUDY PROVIDED CRITICAL INSIGHTS INTO THE ROBUSTNESS OF THESE LAB-GROWN MINI-ORGANS AS A CLINICAL MODEL OF PANCREATIC CANCER. THEY FOUND THE ORGANOIDS' GENE EXPRESSION AND DRUG RESPONSES WERE NOT AFFECTED BY THE BRAND OF EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX USED IN THE CELL CULTURE, AND THAT ONE BRAND EVEN SPED UP THE GROWTH OF TUMOR ORGANOIDS-MAKING THEM WELL-SUITED FOR FAST PACED CANCER TREATMENT PROTOCOLS. DATA LIKE THIS INCREASES CONFIDENCE THAT CLINICAL CONCLUSIONS ARE RELIABLE ACROSS DIFFERENT LABS AND BATCHES OF ORGANOIDS. THE STUDY WAS LED BY ASSISTANT PROFESSOR DANNIELLE ENGLE AND PUBLISHED IN JCI INSIGHT ON JANUARY 9, 2024. IRON INFLUENCES PLANT IMMUNITY AND MAY PROMOTE RESILIENCY AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE-PLANTS AND ANIMALS ALIKE RELY ON IRON FOR GROWTH AND REGULATION OF MICROBIOMES-COLLECTIONS OF BACTERIA, FUNGI, AND MORE THAT CO-EXIST IN PLACES LIKE THE HUMAN GUT OR THE SOIL AROUND A PLANT'S ROOTS. PLANTS FACE A SPECIAL CHALLENGE WHEN ACQUIRING IRON, SINCE THE STRATEGIES PLANTS USE TO INCREASE IRON AVAILABILITY ALTER THE ROOT MICROBIOME AND CAN INADVERTENTLY BENEFIT HARMFUL SOIL-DWELLING BACTERIA. SALK SCIENTISTS DISCOVERED HOW PLANTS MANAGE IRON DEFICIENCY WITHOUT HELPING "BAD" BACTERIA THRIVE-BY ELIMINATING IMA1, THE MOLECULAR SIGNAL FOR IRON DEFICIENCY IN ROOTS AT RISK OF BACTERIAL ATTACK. ADDITIONALLY, THEY FOUND THAT THIS IRON DEFICIENCY SIGNALING PATHWAY AND THE PLANT IMMUNE SYSTEM ARE DEEPLY INTERTWINED. THE STUDY WAS LED BY PROFESSOR WOLFGANG BUSCH AND PUBLISHED IN NATURE ON JANUARY 10, 2024. LUNG CANCER HIJACKS IMMUNE CELL METABOLISM TO FUEL ITS OWN GROWTH-LUNG ADENOCARCINOMA IS THE MOST COMMON LUNG CANCER AND THE CAUSE OF MOST CANCER-RELATED DEATHS IN THE UNITED STATES. ONE WAY LUNG ADENOCARCINOMA ARISES IS A MUTATION IN A PROTEIN CALLED EGFR (EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR). MODERN IMMUNOTHERAPIES DON'T WORK AGAINST EGFR-DRIVEN LUNG ADENOCARCINOMA, AND WHILE SOME DRUGS TO TREAT THE CANCER DO EXIST, PATIENTS TYPICALLY DEVELOP A RESISTANCE TO THEM WITHIN JUST A FEW YEARS. SALK COLLEAGUES AND COLLABORATORS AT YALE UNIVERSITY AND UC LOS ANGELES DISCOVERED THAT EGFR-DRIVEN LUNG ADENOCARCINOMA HIJACKS A SPECIALIZED LUNG-RESIDENT IMMUNE CELLS CALLED MACROPHAGES, PULLING THEM INTO THE TUMOR AND TURNING THEM INTO CANCER FUEL-SUPPLIERS. THE FINDINGS COULD INSPIRE NEW LUNG ADENOCARCINOMA INTERVENTIONS THAT DISRUPT THIS TUMOR CELL-MACROPHAGE RELATIONSHIP, AS WELL AS SUGGEST EGFR INHIBITOR TREATMENTS MAY BE MORE SUCCESSFUL WHEN PAIRED WITH STATINS, A CLASS OF DRUGS USED TO LOWER CHOLESTEROL LEVELS. THE STUDY WAS LED BY PROFESSORS SUSAN KAECH AND CHRISTIAN METALLO AND PUBLISHED IN CANCER DISCOVERY ON JANUARY 25, 2024. FAULTY DNA DISPOSAL SYSTEM CAUSES INFLAMMATION-CELLS IN THE HUMAN BODY CONTAIN POWER-GENERATING MITOCHONDRIA, EACH WITH THEIR OWN UNIQUE SET OF GENETIC INSTRUCTIONS CALLED MTDNA. WHEN MTDNA REMAINS INSIDE MITOCHONDRIA, IT SUSTAINS BOTH MITOCHONDRIAL AND CELLULAR HEALTH, BUT IF IT LEAVES THE MITOCHONDRIA, IT CAN INITIATE AN IMMUNE RESPONSE THAT PROMOTES INFLAMMATION. SALK RESEARCHERS AND COLLABORATORS AT UC SAN DIEGO AND UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA HAVE DISCOVERED A MECHANISM THAT MOVES IMPROPERLY FUNCTIONING MTDNA FROM THE MITOCHONDRIA INTO THE REST OF THE CELL. WHEN THIS HAPPENS, THE MTDNA GETS FLAGGED AS FOREIGN DNA AND ACTIVATES A CELLULAR PATHWAY TO PROMOTE INFLAMMATION-A PROMISING TARGET FOR NEW THERAPEUTICS THAT DISRUPT INFLAMMATION AND MITIGATE ITS NEGATIVE EFFECTS DURING AGING AND DISEASES LIKE LUPUS OR RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS. THE STUDY WAS LED BY PROFESSOR GERALD SHADEL AND PUBLISHED IN NATURE CELL BIOLOGY ON FEBRUARY 8, 2024. CONTROLLING ROOT GROWTH DIRECTION COULD HELP SAVE CROPS AND MITIGATE CLIMATE CHANGE-ROOT SYSTEMS ARE CENTRAL TO PLANT SURVIVAL AND PRODUCTIVITY, DETERMINING THE PLANT'S ACCESS TO NUTRIENTS AND WATER AND, THEREFORE, THE PLANT'S ABILITY TO WITHSTAND NUTRIENT DEPLETION AND EXTREME WEATHER LIKE DROUGHT. A SALK TEAM REVEALED FOR THE FIRST TIME THAT THE COMMON PLANT HORMONE ETHYLENE IS INVOLVED IN REGULATING THE LATERAL ROOT ANGLES THAT SHAPE ROOT SYSTEMS. RESEARCHERS IN SALK'S HARNESSING PLANTS INITIATIVE NOW PLAN TO TARGET THE ETHYLENE SIGNALING PATHWAY IN THEIR EFFORTS TO ENGINEER PLANTS AND CROPS THAT CAN WITHSTAND THE ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSES OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND DROUGHT. THE STUDY WAS LED BY PROFESSOR WOLFGANG BUSCH AND PUBLISHED IN CELL REPORTS ON FEBRUARY 13, 2024. SALK SCIENTISTS DISCOVER NEW TARGET FOR REVERSIBLE, NON-HORMONAL MALE BIRTH CONTROL-SURVEYS SHOW MOST MEN IN THE UNITED STATES ARE INTERESTED IN USING MALE CONTRACEPTIVES, YET THEIR OPTIONS REMAIN LIMITED TO UNRELIABLE CONDOMS OR INVASIVE VASECTOMIES. NEW APPROACHES TO MALE CONTRACEPTION ARE NEEDED, BUT BECAUSE SPERM DEVELOPMENT IS SO COMPLEX, RESEARCHERS HAVE STRUGGLED TO IDENTIFY PARTS OF THE PROCESS THAT CAN BE SAFELY AND EFFECTIVELY TINKERED WITH. IN A SALK STUDY, RESEARCHERS DEMONSTRATED THAT TREATING MALE MICE WITH AN EXISTING CLASS OF DRUGS, CALLED HDAC (HISTONE DEACETYLASE) INHIBITORS, CAN INTERRUPT THE FUNCTION OF THIS PROTEIN COMPLEX AND BLOCK FERTILITY WITHOUT AFFECTING LIBIDO. THE TEAM HOPES TO SOON SEE THIS THERAPEUTIC APPROACH IN DEVELOPMENT FOR HUMAN CLINICAL TRIALS. THE STUDY WAS LED BY PROFESSOR RONALD EVANS AND PUBLISHED IN PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (PNAS) ON FEBRUARY 20, 2024. MORE THAN JUST NEURONS: A NEW MODEL FOR STUDYING HUMAN BRAIN INFLAMMATION-NEURONS ONLY MAKE UP HALF OF THE HUMAN BRAIN, WITH THE OTHER HALF-ROUGHLY 85 BILLION CELLS-CONSISTING OF OTHER CELLS CALLED GLIA. THE MOST COMMON TYPE OF GLIAL CELLS ARE ASTROCYTES, WHICH ARE IMPORTANT FOR SUPPORTING NEURONAL HEALTH AND ACTIVITY. SALK RESEARCHERS HAVE CREATED THE FIRST 3D ORGANOIDS THAT MIMIC FEATURES OF THE HUMAN BRAIN TO CONTAIN MATURE, FUNCTIONAL ASTROCYTES. WITH THIS ASTROCYTE-RICH MODEL, RESEARCHERS WILL BE ABLE TO STUDY STRESS AND INFLAMMATION IN AGING AND ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE WITH GREATER DEPTH AND CLARITY THAN EVER BEFORE. ALREADY, THE RESEARCHERS HAVE USED THE NEW ORGANOIDS TO REVEAL A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ASTROCYTE DYSFUNCTION AND INFLAMMATION, AS WELL AS A POTENTIALLY DRUGGABLE TARGET FOR DISRUPTING THAT RELATIONSHIP. THE STUDY WAS LED BY PROFESSOR RUSTY GAGE AND PUBLISHED IN NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY ON FEBRUARY 28, 2024.
Form 990, Part III, Line 4a continued3	MODELING THE ORIGINS OF LIFE: NEW EVIDENCE FOR AN "RNA WORLD"-SCIENTISTS IN THE 1960S, INCLUDING SALK FELLOW LESLIE ORGEL, PROPOSED THAT LIFE BEGAN WITH THE "RNA WORLD"-A HYPOTHETICAL ERA IN WHICH SMALL, STRINGY RNA MOLECULES RULED THE EARLY EARTH AND ESTABLISHED THE DYNAMICS OF DARWINIAN EVOLUTION. NEW SALK RESEARCH PROVIDES FRESH INSIGHTS ON THE ORIGINS OF LIFE, PRESENTING COMPELLING EVIDENCE SUPPORTING THE RNA WORLD HYPOTHESIS. THE RECENT STUDY UNVEILED AN RNA ENZYME THAT CAN MAKE ACCURATE COPIES OF OTHER FUNCTIONAL RNA STRANDS, WHILE ALSO ALLOWING NEW VARIANTS OF THE MOLECULE TO EMERGE OVER TIME. THESE REMARKABLE CAPABILITIES SUGGEST THE EARLIEST FORMS OF EVOLUTION MAY HAVE OCCURRED ON A MOLECULAR SCALE IN RNA. THE STUDY WAS LED BY PROFESSOR AND SALK PRESIDENT GERALD JOYCE AND PUBLISHED IN PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (PNAS) ON MARCH 4, 2024. PROTECTING BRAIN CELLS WITH CANNABINOL-ONE IN EVERY 10 INDIVIDUALS ABOVE THE AGE OF 65 DEVELOPS AN AGE-RELATED NEUROLOGICAL DISORDER LIKE ALZHEIMER'S OR PARKINSON'S, YET TREATMENT OPTIONS FOR THIS POPULATION REMAIN SPARSE. CANNABINOIDS-COMPOUNDS DERIVED FROM THE CANNABIS PLANT, LIKE WELL-KNOWN THC (TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL) AND CBD (CANNABIDIOL)-MAY OFFER A SOLUTION. ONE CANNABINOID CALLED CBN (CANNABINOL) HAS RECENTLY PIQUED THE INTEREST OF RESEARCHERS, WHO HAVE BEGUN EXPLORING THE CLINICAL POTENTIAL OF THE MILDER, LESS PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCE. SALK SCIENTISTS FOUND CBN PROTECTS THE BRAIN AGAINST AGING AND NEURODEGENERATION, THEN BEGAN DEVELOPING POTENTIAL THERAPEUTICS. THE STUDY WAS LED BY RESEARCH PROFESSOR PAMELA MAHER AND PUBLISHED IN REDOX BIOLOGY ON MARCH 29, 2024. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE HELPS SCIENTISTS ENGINEER PLANTS TO FIGHT CLIMATE CHANGE-SALK SCIENTISTS ARE DESIGNING CLIMATE-SAVING PLANTS USING A SOPHISTICATED NEW RESEARCH TOOL CALLED SLEAP-AN EASY-TO-USE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) SOFTWARE THAT TRACKS MULTIPLE FEATURES OF ROOT GROWTH. THE INTERDISCIPLINARY SALK TEAM HAVE OFFICIALLY DEBUTED A NEW PROTOCOL FOR USING SLEAP TO ANALYZE PLANT ROOT PHENOTYPES-HOW DEEP AND WIDE THEY GROW, HOW MASSIVE THEIR ROOT SYSTEMS BECOME, AND OTHER PHYSICAL QUALITIES THAT, PRIOR TO SLEAP, WERE TEDIOUS TO MEASURE. APPLYING SLEAP TO PLANTS HAS ALREADY ENABLED THE RESEARCHERS TO ESTABLISH THE MOST EXTENSIVE CATALOG OF PLANT ROOT SYSTEM PHENOTYPES TO DATE, GIVING SALK'S HARNESSING PLANTS INITIATIVE A POWERFUL BOOST. THE STUDY WAS LED BY SALK FELLOW TALMO PEREIRA AND PROFESSOR WOLFGANG BUSCH AND PUBLISHED IN PLANT PHENOMICS ON APRIL 12, 2024. UPGRADING BRAIN STORAGE: QUANTIFYING HOW MUCH INFORMATION OUR SYNAPSES CAN HOLD-TO UNDERSTAND HOW THE BRAIN LEARNS AND RETAINS INFORMATION, SCIENTISTS TRY TO QUANTIFY HOW MUCH STRONGER A SYNAPSE HAS GOTTEN THROUGH LEARNING, AND HOW MUCH STRONGER IT CAN GET. SYNAPTIC STRENGTH CAN BE MEASURED BY LOOKING AT THE PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SYNAPSES, BUT IT IS MUCH MORE DIFFICULT TO MEASURE THE PRECISION OF PLASTICITY (WHETHER SYNAPSES GROW WEAKER OR STRONGER BY A CONSISTENT AMOUNT) AND THE AMOUNT OF INFORMATION A SYNAPSE CAN STORE. A NEW COMPUTATIONAL METHOD DEVELOPED AT SALK CAN DO ALL THREE, OPENING THE DOOR FOR NEW STUDIES ON HUMAN LEARNING AND MEMORY AND HOW THOSE PROCESSES EVOLVE OR DETERIORATE WITH AGE OR DISEASE. THE STUDY WAS LED BY PROFESSOR TERRENCE SEJNOWSKI AND PUBLISHED IN NEURAL COMPUTATION ON APRIL 23, 2024. THIS TIME, IT'S PERSONAL: ENHANCING PATIENT RESPONSE TO CANCER IMMUNOTHERAPY-FEWER THAN HALF OF ALL CANCER PATIENTS RESPOND TO CURRENT IMMUNOTHERAPIES, CREATING AN URGENT NEED TO IDENTIFY BIOMARKERS THAT CAN PREDICT WHICH PATIENTS ARE MOST LIKELY TO BENEFIT. SALK SCIENTISTS HAVE DONE JUST THAT, FINDING THAT MUTATIONS IN A GENE CALLED ARID1A MAKE PATIENTS MORE LIKELY TO RESPOND POSITIVELY TO IMMUNE CHECKPOINT BLOCKADE-A TYPE OF IMMUNOTHERAPY THAT WORKS BY KEEPING CANCER-FIGHTING IMMUNE CELLS TURNED "ON." THE ARID1A MUTATION PROMPTS AN ANTIVIRAL RESPONSE THAT PULLS MORE CANCER-FIGHTING IMMUNE CELLS INTO THE TUMOR, AND BECAUSE THE GENE IS PRESENT IN MANY CANCERS-ENDOMETRIAL, OVARIAN, COLON, GASTRIC, LIVER, AND PANCREATIC-THE BIOMARKER COULD HAVE A HUGE IMPACT IN IDENTIFYING PATIENTS FOR SPECIFIC IMMUNOTHERAPIES. THE FINDINGS ALSO ENCOURAGE THE DEVELOPMENT OF DRUGS THAT TARGET ARID1A AND RELATED PROTEINS AS A WAY OF SENSITIZING OTHER TUMORS TO IMMUNOTHERAPY. THE STUDY WAS LED BY PROFESSOR DIANA HARGREAVES AND PUBLISHED IN CELL ON MAY 15, 2024. KEY NUTRIENTS HELP PLANTS BEAT THE HEAT-BECAUSE PLANTS CANNOT REGULATE THEIR OWN TEMPERATURES, THEY ARE ESPECIALLY SENSITIVE TO CLIMATE CHANGE-RELATED TEMPERATURE CHANGES. SALK SCIENTISTS HAVE DISCOVERED THAT PLANT'S TYPICAL RESPONSE TO HIGH TEMPERATURES CAN ULTIMATELY REDUCE LEVELS OF TWO IMPORTANT NUTRIENTS-NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS-IN THE PLANT, MAKING THEM LESS NUTRITIOUS WHEN CONSUMED. AT THE SAME TIME, IF THE SOIL CONTAINS LOW AMOUNTS OF THESE NUTRIENTS, PLANTS SLOW ROOT GROWTH AND DON'T RESPOND ADEQUATELY TO THE HIGHER TEMPERATURES. THE NEW MOLECULAR DETAILS OF THIS INTERACTION BETWEEN ROOT GROWTH AND NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY IN THE FACE OF HIGH TEMPERATURES WILL INFORM THE ENGINEERING OF SALK IDEAL PLANTS. THE STUDY WAS LED BY PROFESSOR WOLFGANG BUSCH AND PUBLISHED IN NATURE COMMUNICATIONS ON JUNE 1, 2024. COOPERATIVE PROTEINS HELP THE IMMUNE SYSTEM IDENTIFY AND ATTACK INVADERS-AT THE FRONT LINE OF THE HUMAN IMMUNE RESPONSE ARE CELLS CALLED MACROPHAGES, WHICH ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR CORRECTLY IDENTIFYING INTRUDERS AND THEN DIRECTING HOW THE ENTIRE IMMUNE SYSTEM RESPONDS. ACTIVATING MACROPHAGES REQUIRES THE WORK OF THREE VERSIONS OF A PROTEIN COMPLEX CALLED SWI/SNF: CBAF, NCBAF, AND PBAF. SALK RESEARCHERS DISCOVERED THAT EACH VARIANT PLAYS A DISTINCT ROLE IN INITIATING MACROPHAGES' RESPONSES TO INTRUDERS AND, CONSEQUENTLY, HOW THE IMMUNE SYSTEM REGULATES INFLAMMATION. BY DELINEATING THESE SWI/SNF VARIANTS, THE TEAM HAS REVEALED NEW IMMUNE SYSTEM MECHANISMS THAT COULD BE TARGETED WITH THERAPEUTICS TO REGULATE INFLAMMATION ASSOCIATED WITH CONDITIONS LIKE SEPSIS, CYTOKINE STORM, COVID-19, AND MANY MORE. THE STUDY WAS LED BY ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR DIANA HARGREAVES AND PUBLISHED IN IMMUNITY ON JUNE 5, 2024. UNVEILING TELO-SEQ: A BREAKTHROUGH IN TELOMERE RESEARCH ON AGING AND CANCER-THERE IS A LOT OF INTEREST IN UNDERSTANDING EXACTLY WHEN AND HOW TELOMERES, THE ENDCAPS ON OUR CHROMOSOMES, SHORTEN OVER TIME AND HOW THAT MAY IMPACT HEALTH AND DISEASE, BUT EXISTING TECHNOLOGY ONLY ALLOWED SCIENTISTS TO MEASURE THE AVERAGE LENGTH OF ALL TELOMERES IN A CELL. IN COLLABORATION WITH OXFORD NANOPORE TECHNOLOGIES, A SALK TEAM DEVELOPED "TELO-SEQ"-A TOOL THAT COMBINES STATE-OF-THE-ART SEQUENCING, BIOCHEMISTRY, AND BIOINFORMATICS TECHNIQUES TO ACHIEVE UNPRECEDENTED RESOLUTION OF TELOMERE STRUCTURE AND COMPOSITION. THEIR FINDINGS WILL FACILITATE A SLEW OF NEW INSIGHTS INTO THE MOLECULAR DYNAMICS OF CANCER AND AGING, WHICH COULD LEAD TO NOVEL THERAPEUTICS TARGETING THESE TELOMERIC MECHANISMS. THE STUDY WAS LED BY PROFESSOR AND CSO JAN KARLSEDER AND PUBLISHED IN NATURE COMMUNICATIONS ON JUNE 18, 2024.
Form 990, Part VI, Line 1a Delegate broad authority to a committee	THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE SHALL ADVISE AND AID THE OFFICERS OF THE CORPORATION IN ALL MATTERS CONCERNING ITS INTERESTS, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION ALL MATTERS RELATING TO COMPENSATION AND BENEFITS, AND SHALL POSSESS AND MAY EXERCISE, DURING THE INTERVALS BETWEEN THE MEETINGS OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES, ALL THE POWERS AND AUTHORITY OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF THE BUSINESS AND AFFAIRS OF THE CORPORATION, INCLUDING THE POWER TO AUTHORIZE THE CORPORATE SEAL TO BE AFFIXED TO ANY AND ALL DOCUMENTS WHICH MAY REQUIRE THE SAME TO BE AFFIXED THERETO, INSOFAR AS SUCH SEEMS TO THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE FOR THE BEST INTERESTS OF THE CORPORATION, IN ALL CASES IN WHICH SPECIFIC DIRECTIONS SHALL NOT HAVE BEEN GIVEN BY THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES, EXCEPT THAT THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE SHALL HAVE NO POWER TO ADOPT, AMEND, OR REPEAL THE BY-LAWS.
Form 990, Part VI, Line 6 Classes of members or stockholders	MEMBERSHIP OF THE CORPORATION CONSISTS OF THE PERSONS ELECTED TO THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES AND THREE MEMBERS FROM AMONG THE RESIDENT AND NON-RESIDENT FELLOWS AND PROFESSORS CHOSEN AND ELECTED ANNUALLY BY THE RESIDENT AND NON-RESIDENT FELLOWS AND PROFESSORS.
Form 990, Part VI, Line 7a Members or stockholders electing members of governing body	THE MEMBERS OF THE CORPORATION ELECT THE TRUSTEES.
Form 990, Part VI, Line 7b Decisions requiring approval by members or stockholders	THE MEMBERS OF THE CORPORATION MAY ALTER, AMEND, OR REPEAL THE BY-LAWS BY VOTE.
Form 990, Part VI, Line 11b Review of form 990 by governing body	THE FORM 990 IS PREPARED BY THE INSTITUTE, INTERNALLY REVIEWED BY THE CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER AND EXTERNALLY REVIEWED BY THE TAX DEPARTMENT OF A PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM. PRIOR TO ELECTRONIC FILING, A COPY OF THIS FORM 990 IS PROVIDED TO AND DISCUSSED IN THE EXECUTIVE SESSION OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES.
Form 990, Part VI, Line 12c Conflict of interest policy	ANNUALLY, THE CONFLICT OF INTEREST DISCLOSURE STATEMENT IS SENT OUT FOR COMPLETION BY THE MEMBERS OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES, SENIOR MEMBERS OF ADMINISTRATION AND RESEARCHERS. THE DESIGNATED OFFICIAL FOR EACH GROUP REVIEWS THE COMPLETED FORMS AND BRINGS ANY POTENTIAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST TO THE RESPECTIVE COMMITTEES FOR REVIEW. UPON DETERMINATION THAT A CONFLICT OF INTEREST EXISTS, THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONS OR RESTRICTIONS MAY BE IMPOSED: A. MONITORING OF ACTIVITIES GENERATING THE CONFLICT BY ANOTHER MEMBER; B. DISQUALIFICATION FROM PARTICIPATION IN THE ACTIVITIES GIVING RISE TO THE CONFLICT; C. MODIFICATION OF RESPONSIBILITIES TO AVOID CONFLICTS; D. PUBLIC DISCLOSURE OR DIVESTITURE OF SIGNIFICANT FINANCIAL INTERESTS; E. MODIFICATION OF THE RESEARCH PLAN OR REMOVAL OF THE AFFECTED RESEARCHER FROM THE RESEARCH; F. SEVERANCE OF RELATIONSHIP THAT CREATES ACTUAL OR POTENTIAL CONFLICTS; G. TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT.
Form 990, Part VI, Line 15a Process to establish compensation of top management official	A COMPREHENSIVE MARKET ASSESSMENT WAS COMPLETED IN APRIL 2024, BASED ON COMPENSATION DATA FROM A SELECTED PEER GROUP FOR SALK PRESIDENT AND EXECUTIVE LEADERSHIP ROLES. THIS ASSESSMENT WAS PROVIDED TO THE CHAIR AND CO-CHAIRS OF SALK'S BOARD OF TRUSTEES AND TO SALK'S PRESIDENT. SALK'S PRESIDENT AND THE INSTITUTE'S VICE-PRESIDENT PEOPLE & CULTURE DISCUSSED THE PERFORMANCE OF VICE-PRESIDENT-LEVEL EXECUTIVES AT A MEETING ON APRIL 17, 2024, WITH THE CHAIR AND CO-CHAIRS OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS; THE VICE-PRESIDENT PEOPLE & CULTURE WAS NOT PRESENT FOR DISCUSSION ABOUT HER PERFORMANCE. AFTER THIS MEETING, A SEPARATE DISCUSSION ABOUT THE COMPENSATION OF THE INSTITUTE PRESIDENT, RECOMMENDED CHANGES WERE PRESENTED TO AND APPROVED BY THE SALK BOARD OF TRUSTEES AT THE EXECUTIVE SESSION OF THE APRIL 19, 2024 BOARD OF TRUSTEES MEETING.
Form 990, Part VI, Line 15b Process to establish compensation of other employees	A COMPREHENSIVE MARKET ASSESSMENT WAS COMPLETED IN APRIL 2024, BASED ON COMPENSATION DATA FROM A SELECTED PEER GROUP FOR SALK PRESIDENT AND EXECUTIVE LEADERSHIP ROLES. THIS ASSESSMENT WAS PROVIDED TO THE CHAIR AND CO-CHAIRS OF SALK'S BOARD OF TRUSTEES AND TO SALK'S PRESIDENT. SALK'S PRESIDENT AND THE INSTITUTE'S VICE-PRESIDENT PEOPLE & CULTURE DISCUSSED THE PERFORMANCE OF VICE-PRESIDENT-LEVEL EXECUTIVES AT A MEETING ON APRIL 17, 2024, WITH THE CHAIR AND CO-CHAIRS OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS; THE VICE-PRESIDENT PEOPLE & CULTURE WAS NOT PRESENT FOR DISCUSSION ABOUT HER PERFORMANCE. AFTER THIS MEETING, A SEPARATE DISCUSSION ABOUT THE COMPENSATION OF THE INSTITUTE PRESIDENT, RECOMMENDED CHANGES WERE PRESENTED TO AND APPROVED BY THE SALK BOARD OF TRUSTEES AT THE EXECUTIVE SESSION OF THE APRIL 19, 2024 BOARD OF TRUSTEES MEETING.
Form 990, Part VI, Line 19 Required documents available to the public	UPON REQUEST, THE OFFICE OF THE CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER MAKES AVAILABLE TO THE PUBLIC THE INSTITUTE'S GOVERNING DOCUMENTS AND CONFLICT OF INTEREST POLICY. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ARE AVAILABLE ON THE SALK WEBSITE.
Form 990, Part VII, Section A DIRECTORS COMPENSATION	THE FOLLOWING INDIVIDUALS WERE COMPENSATED FOR THE FOLLOWING SERVICES AND NOT PAID AS TRUSTEES: GERALD JOYCE, PH.D. - PRESIDENT/PROFESSOR; REUBEN SHAW, PH.D. - PROFESSOR; JANELLE AYRES, PH.D. - PROFESSOR; WOLFGANG BUSCH, PH.D. - PROFESSOR; TATYANA SHARPEE, PH.D. - PROFESSOR.
Form 990, Part XI, Line 9 Other changes in net assets or fund balances	POSTRETIREMENT BENEFIT CHANGES OTHER THAN NET PERIODIC BENEFIT COST - -7222; CHANGE IN VALUE OF DEFERRED GIFTS - -146836; ROUNDING - -396;

Schedule R IRS990ScheduleR

Id Related Org Txbl Corp Tr IdRelatedOrgTxblCorpTrGrp (2 entries)

Address Line1USAddress/AddressLine1Txt	CityUSAddress/CityNm	State AbbreviationUSAddress/StateAbbreviationCd	ZIPUSAddress/ZIPCd	EINEIN	Primary ActivitiesPrimaryActivitiesTxt	Legal Domicile StateLegalDomicileStateCd	Business Name Line1DirectControllingEntityName/BusinessNameLine1Txt	Entity TypeEntityTypeTxt	Share Of Total IncomeShareOfTotalIncomeAmt	Share Of EOY AssetsShareOfEOYAssetsAmt	OwnershipOwnershipPct	Controlled OrganizationControlledOrganizationInd
SALK INSTITUTE COMMERCIAL SERVICES CORP
10010 N TORREY PINES ROAD	LA JOLLA	CA	920371002	232159172	MGMT SERVICES	PA	SALK INSTITUTE	C Corporation	$4	$41,143	1.0000	Yes (true)
CHARITABLE REMAINDER TRUSTS (4)
					SUPPORT	CA	NA	Trust

Field	Value	IRS element (for citing)
Receipt Of Int Annts Rnts Rylts	false	ReceiptOfIntAnntsRntsRyltsInd
Gift Grnt Or Cap Contri To Oth Org	false	GiftGrntOrCapContriToOthOrgInd
Gift Grnt Cap Contri From Oth Org	false	GiftGrntCapContriFromOthOrgInd
Loans Or Guarantees To Other Org	false	LoansOrGuaranteesToOtherOrgInd
Loans Or Guarantees From Oth Org	false	LoansOrGuaranteesFromOthOrgInd
Div Related Organization	false	DivRelatedOrganizationInd
Asset Sale To Other Org	false	AssetSaleToOtherOrgInd
Asset Purchase From Other Org	false	AssetPurchaseFromOtherOrgInd
Asset Exchange	false	AssetExchangeInd
Rental Of Facilities To Oth Org	false	RentalOfFacilitiesToOthOrgInd
Rental Of Fclts From Oth Org	false	RentalOfFcltsFromOthOrgInd
Perform Of Services For Oth Org	false	PerformOfServicesForOthOrgInd
Perform Of Services By Other Org	false	PerformOfServicesByOtherOrgInd
Sharing Of Facilities	Yes (true)	SharingOfFacilitiesInd
Paid Employees Sharing	Yes (true)	PaidEmployeesSharingInd
Reimbursement Paid To Other Org	false	ReimbursementPaidToOtherOrgInd
Reimbursement Paid By Other Org	Yes (true)	ReimbursementPaidByOtherOrgInd
Transfer To Other Org	false	TransferToOtherOrgInd
Transfer From Other Org	false	TransferFromOtherOrgInd