2026-05-14T10:32:12+00:00 2025-06-30 440160260 Forvis Mazars LLP 111 E Wayne Street Suite 600 Fort Wayne IN 46802 990 2024-07-01 381357980 ADRIAN COLLEGE ADRI 5172655161 110 SOUTH MADISON ADRIAN MI 49221 JEFFREY DOCKING PRESIDENT 2026-05-14 true Lauren Denton P01571860 2604604000 2026-05-14 2024 2025-03-06 01:10:19Z JEFFREY DOCKING 110 SOUTH MADISON ADRIAN MI 49221 97391518 false X WWW.ADRIAN.EDU X 1859 MI ADRIAN COLLEGE IS A LIBERAL ARTS, PRIVATE COLLEGE OFFERING BACHELOR AND MASTER DEGREE PROGRAMS. 33 33 1097 33 154323 2756 12084594 4918946 85391506 87071121 3070189 4354198 205118 225736 100751407 96570001 41300644 40543459 0 0 26132732 26028053 0 340779 28513001 28515036 95946377 95086548 4805030 1483453 191802255 203353400 65799364 70783320 126002891 132570080 ADRIAN COLLEGE IS A LIBERAL ARTS, PRIVATE COLLEGE OFFERING BACHELOR AND MASTER DEGREE PROGRAMS. false false 46913430 0 21770489 ROOM AND BOARD - THE EXEMPT PURPOSE IS HOUSING AND FEEDING OF THE SCHOOL'S STUDENTS, ALLOWING THEM TO SUSTAIN RESIDENCY ON CAMPUS IN ORDER TO ATTEND CLASSES AND ACHIEVE A LIBERAL ARTS BACHELOR OR MASTER DEGREE. 40543459 40543459 65416297 INSTRUCTION - THE EXEMPT PURPOSE OF THE SCHOOL IS THE TEACHING OF PRIMARILY UNDERGRADUATE HIGHER EDUCATION COURSES, ALONG WITH SOME GRADUATE COURSES, TO THE SCHOOL'S STUDENTS IN ORDER FOR THEM TO OBTAIN A LIBERAL ARTS BACHELOR OR MASTER DEGREE AND ENJOY A FULL COLLEGE EXPERIENCE. 87456889 true true false false false false true false false true true false false true true false true false true false true false true false false false false false true true false false false false false false false true false false true false false false false true false false false false true 345 0 true 1097 true true true false false false false false false false false false false false false X 33 33 true false false false false false false true true false false false false true true true true true true false false false X SHELLY WHITE 5172655161 110 SOUTH MADISON ADRIAN MI 49221 AMANDA SWIGGUM TRUSTEE 1.0 X 0 0 0 BOBBI JO SWEEBE TRUSTEE 1.0 X 0 0 0 BRONNA KAHLE TRUSTEE 1.0 X 0 0 0 CHARLES MCCALLUM TRUSTEE 1.0 X 0 0 0 DAVID HICKMAN TRUSTEE 1.0 X 0 0 0 DUSTIN KRASNY TRUSTEE 1.0 X 0 0 0 ELBERT DULWORTH TRUSTEE 1.0 X 0 0 0 GREG ADAMS TRUSTEE 1.0 X 0 0 0 HAROLD CRAFT TRUSTEE 1.0 X 0 0 0 JAMES BERRYMAN TRUSTEE 1.0 X 0 0 0 JAMES KAPNICK TRUSTEE 1.0 X 0 0 0 JEFFREY DEBEST TRUSTEE 1.0 X 0 0 0 KARL EPPS TRUSTEE 1.0 X 0 0 0 KENYON CALENDAR TRUSTEE 1.0 X 0 0 0 KEVIN YOUNG TRUSTEE 1.0 X 0 0 0 LONDA PICKLES TRUSTEE 1.0 X 0 0 0 MARSHA WOOLLEY TRUSTEE 1.0 X 0 0 0 MICHAEL BELL TRUSTEE 1.0 X 0 0 0 MICHAEL UCKELE TRUSTEE 1.0 X 0 0 0 PAMELA VAN DOREN TRUSTEE 1.0 X 0 0 0 PATRICK FARVER CHAIRMAN 1.0 X 0 0 0 PATRICK KILBANE TRUSTEE 1.0 X 0 0 0 PAULA HOLTZ TRUSTEE 1.0 X 0 0 0 RICHARD GURDJIAN TRUSTEE 1.0 X 0 0 0 ROBERT RANSOM TRUSTEE 1.0 X 0 0 0 RONALD BATORY TRUSTEE 1.0 X 0 0 0 RUSSELL MCREYNOLDS TRUSTEE 1.0 X 0 0 0 SARAH SHUMATE TRUSTEE 1.0 X 0 0 0 STEPHEN BROOKS TRUSTEE 1.0 X 0 0 0 STEVEN GODA TRUSTEE 1.0 X 0 0 0 THOMAS ANASTOS TRUSTEE 1.0 X 0 0 0 TONY HOSKINS TRUSTEE 1.0 X 0 0 0 TRAVIS PEARSE JR TRUSTEE 1.0 X 0 0 0 JEFFREY DOCKING PRESIDENT 45.0 X 881511 0 139702 JERRY WRIGHT CFO (LEFT 07/2024) 45.0 X 133901 0 106772 PHIL MISHKA CFO AND TREASURER (START 07/2024) 45.0 X 124384 0 29798 ANDREA MILNER VP FOR ACADEMIC AFFAIRS 40.0 X 134870 0 29093 CHERYL NUTTER PROFESSOR OF BUSINESS/ACCOUNTANCY 40.0 X 122530 0 14391 DARIN SEILER CHIEF INFORMATION OFFICER 40.0 X 139476 0 31000 FRANK HRIBAR VP FOR ENROLLMENT MANAGEMENT 40.0 X 165584 0 29992 JIM MAHONY VP FOR DEVELOPMENT 40.0 X 132126 0 20117 1834382 0 400865 18 false true false SODEXO MANAGEMENT INC 110 S Madison St Adrian MI 49221 CAMPUS DINING 7068603 KRIEGHOFF-LENAWEE CO PO BOX 100 ADRIAN MI 49221 CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTOR 3500260 BLACKBAUD 65 FAIRCHILD ST CHARLESTON SC 29492 SOFTWARE 432807 BIANCO TRAVEL & TOURS INC 12555 UNIVERSAL DRIVE TAYLOR MI 48180 TRANSPORTATION 379406 RED LETTER PRODUCTIONS INC 4956 MERIDIAN RD ADDISON MI 49220 COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY CONTRACTOR 343294 9 549006 4369940 519400 4918946 INSTRUCTION 611310 65416297 65416297 ROOM AND BOARD 611310 18698427 18698427 AUXILIARY SERVICES 611710 1212461 1212461 OTHER PROGRAM SERVICE 611710 1743936 1699684 44252 0 0 0 0 87071121 2737388 2737388 0 0 2245413 9113 631783 5933 1613630 3180 1616810 1616810 315272 183801 131471 30158 101313 SPECTATOR SPORTS 711210 94265 85507 8758 0 0 0 0 94265 96570001 87142534 154323 4354198 0 0 37753284 37753284 2790175 2790175 0 0 1423156 707094 578531 137531 0 0 0 0 19089759 18365259 697858 26642 1308788 769239 526199 13350 2841124 1604611 1197526 38987 1365226 1255023 97644 12559 0 0 0 0 13254 0 13254 0 70400 0 70400 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 131254 0 131254 0 3553725 3202197 351528 0 60400 27999 7299 25102 1633551 1484671 139952 8928 620267 560711 0 59556 0 0 0 0 4116162 3074345 1041729 88 2474765 2395600 61129 18036 0 0 0 0 5521140 5521140 0 0 2945122 2945122 0 0 0 0 0 0 4592332 2217755 2374577 0 764528 764528 0 0 BAD DEBT EXPENSE 1406006 1406006 0 0 LIBRARY 222391 222391 0 0 MISCELLANEOUS 389739 389739 0 0 0 0 0 0 95086548 87456889 7288880 340779 0 0 0 0 7010 7010 14630850 14282572 7213936 4994176 4285480 4060848 0 0 0 0 0 0 623455 607860 844201 244289 171724457 79699672 84697771 92024785 50902806 56885378 0 0 0 0 28596746 30246482 191802255 203353400 4819827 4797212 0 0 6898475 6535020 0 0 0 0 0 0 52473375 53278067 0 0 1607687 6173021 65799364 70783320 X 26364777 25579508 99638114 106990572 126002891 132570080 191802255 203353400 X 1483453 3143759 1939977 X false true true true true X 9103951 9311921 17205997 12084594 4918946 52625409 0 0 9103951 9311921 17205997 12084594 4918946 52625409 17373564 35251845 4362621 3490135 596445 2769706 2737388 13956295 0 336317 639168 447318 373880 409537 2206220 68787924 423182162 0.51247 0.57229 X Schedule A, Part II, Line 10 Other Income DESCRIPTION - OTHER INCOME, COLUMN A - 336317.0, COLUMN B - 639168.0, COLUMN C - 447318.0, COLUMN D - 373880.0, COLUMN E - 409537.0, COLUMN F - 2206220.0; RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED X 1 119.0 0 0 0 1 false 487.0 5584 true 56579536 1171461 6053239 2206431 0 117940 61479865 50551776 1989889 5986681 1948810 -117067 117067 56579536 41060715 6951668 4195642 1656249 -81645 81645 50551776 46226719 1638475 -5300297 1504200 -80232 80214 41060715 36185869 1449481 8913228 1580000 -1345979 87838 46226719 0.0 1.0 0.0 true false 3288675 1395061 4683736 117571518 53991353 63580165 21092267 11096329 9995938 17911667 14611990 3299677 10465269 10465269 92024785 BENEFICIAL INTERESTS IN PERPETUAL TRUSTS 28787967 CASH SURRENDER VALUE OF LIFE INSURANCE 463635 RIGHT OF USE OPERATING AND FINANCE LEASE ASSETS 994880 30246482 Federal Income Taxes REFUNDABLE STUDENT AND OTHER DEPOSITS 5179933 OPERATING AND FINANCE LEASE LIABILITIES 993088 6173021 59222848 3143759 183801 3327560 55895288 131254 40543459 40674713 96570001 54595636 183801 183801 54411835 131254 40543459 40674713 95086548 Schedule D, Part X, Line 2 ASC 740 FOOTNOTE MANAGEMENT HAS EVALUATED THEIR INCOME TAX POSITIONS UNDER THE GUIDANCE INCLUDED IN ASC 740. BASED ON THEIR REVIEW, MANAGEMENT HAS NOT IDENTIFIED ANY MATERIAL UNCERTAIN TAX POSITIONS TO BE RECORDED OR DISCLOSED IN THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS. Schedule D, Part II, Line 9 Conservation easements financial reporting THE COLLEGE OWNS APPROXIMATELY 119 ACRES OF LAND THAT IS SUBJECT TO A CONSERVATION EASEMENT INTO PERPETUITY. THE CONSERVATION EASEMENT HAS BEEN RECORDED AS A CONTRA-ASSET ON ITS STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION, REDUCING THE NET VALUE OF THE LAND TO WHICH THE EASEMENT RELATES. Schedule D, Part V, Line 4 Intended uses of endowment funds EARNINGS ON ENDOWMENT INVESTMENTS ARE USED TO FUND ENDOWED SCHOLARSHIPS, LECTURESHIPS, AND CERTAIN FACILITIES EXPENSES. Schedule D, Part XI, Line 2(d) Other revenues in audited financial statements not in form 990 COST OF GOODS SOLD - 183801 Schedule D, Part XI, Line 4(b) Other revenues in form 990 not in audited financial statements TUITION ASSISTANCE RECORDED AS REDUCTIONS TO REVENUE ON FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - 40543459 Schedule D, Part XII, Line 2(d) Other expenses in audited financial statements not in form 990 COST OF GOODS SOLD - 183801 Schedule D, Part XII, Line 4(b) Other expenses in form 990 not in audited financial statements TUITION ASSISTANCE RECORDED AS REDUCTIONS TO REVENUE ON FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - 40543459 true true true true true true true false false false false false false false false true false true Schedule E, Part I, Line 3 RACIALLY NONDISCRIMINATORY POLICY ALL FORMS AND POLICIES OF NONDISCRIMINATION ARE MADE AVAILABLE ON THE SCHOOL'S WEBSITE AND IN THE STUDENT HANDBOOK. Schedule E, Part I, Line 6(a) FINANCIAL AID OR ASSISTANCE FROM A GOVERNMENT ADRIAN COLLEGE PARTICIPATES IN STUDENT AID PROGRAMS SUPPORTED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION. AS OF JUNE 30, 2024, THE COLLEGE HAS APPLIED FOR AND RECEIVED FROM THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE (IRS) $4,274,446 OF THE ERC, WHICH IS RECORDED IN DEFERRED REVENUE ON THE STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION. AS OF JUNE 30, 2025, DUE TO UNCERTAINTY SURROUNDING ELIGIBLITY DUE TO GOVERNMNET ORDERS AND ACCOUNTING GUIDANCE REQUIRING SUBSTANTIALLY OVERCOMING ALL MEASURABLE BARRIERS TO RECOGNIZE REVENUE, THE COLLEGE HAS NOT RECOGNIZED INCOME ASSOCIATED WITH THE ERC. true North America (Canada & Mexico only) 0 0 Program Services SCHOLARSHIPS AND GRANTS 2025283 East Asia and the Pacific 0 0 Program Services SCHOLARSHIPS AND GRANTS 151596 Europe (Including Iceland and Greenland) 0 0 Program Services SCHOLARSHIPS AND GRANTS 246476 Sub-Saharan Africa 0 0 Program Services SCHOLARSHIPS AND GRANTS 209500 South America 0 0 Program Services SCHOLARSHIPS AND GRANTS 84224 Central America and the Caribbean 0 0 Program Services SCHOLARSHIPS AND GRANTS 28096 Russia and Neighboring States 0 0 Program Services SCHOLARSHIPS AND GRANTS 19000 Middle East and North Africa 0 0 Program Services SCHOLARSHIPS AND GRANTS 26000 0 0 0 0 0 0 2790175 0 2790175 SCHOLARSHIPS North America (Canada & Mexico only) 72 2025283 GRANT-APPLIED DIRECTLY TO TUITION ACCOUNT 0 TUITION SCHOLARSHIPS N/A SCHOLARSHIPS East Asia and the Pacific 6 151596 GRANT-APPLIED DIRECTLY TO TUITION ACCOUNT 0 TUITION SCHOLARSHIPS N/A SCHOLARSHIPS Europe (Including Iceland and Greenland) 8 246476 GRANT-APPLIED DIRECTLY TO TUITION ACCOUNT 0 TUITION SCHOLARSHIPS N/A SCHOLARSHIPS Sub-Saharan Africa 6 209500 GRANT-APPLIED DIRECTLY TO TUITION ACCOUNT 0 TUITION SCHOLARSHIPS N/A SCHOLARSHIPS South America 3 84224 GRANT-APPLIED DIRECTLY TO TUITION ACCOUNT 0 TUITION SCHOLARSHIPS N/A SCHOLARSHIPS Central America and the Caribbean 1 28096 GRANT-APPLIED DIRECTLY TO TUITION ACCOUNT 0 TUITION SCHOLARSHIPS N/A SCHOLARSHIPS Russia and Neighboring States 1 19000 GRANT-APPLIED DIRECTLY TO TUITION ACCOUNT 0 TUITION SCHOLARSHIPS N/A SCHOLARSHIPS Middle East and North Africa 1 26000 GRANT-APPLIED DIRECTLY TO TUITION ACCOUNT 0 TUITION SCHOLARSHIPS N/A false false false false false false Schedule F, Part I, Line 2 Procedures for monitoring use of grant funds FUNDS ARE NOT USED OUTSIDE OF THE UNITED STATES; RATHER, FUNDS ARE USED BY INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS WHILE ATTENDING SCHOOL IN THE UNITED STATES. AMOUNTS ARE APPLIED DIRECTLY TO STUDENTS' TUITION ACCOUNTS. true SCHOLARSHIPS 1539 37753284 Schedule I, Part I, Line 2 Procedures for monitoring use of grant funds THE SCHOLARSHIPS GRANTED BY ADRIAN COLLEGE ARE USED TO PAY TUITION AND FEE CHARGES ON STUDENT ACCOUNTS. THE SCHOOL IS ALSO ABLE TO MONITOR WHETHER STUDENTS REMAIN AT THE COLLEGE THROUGH THE REGISTRAR'S OFFICE, THE OFFICE OF THE VICE PRESIDENT AND DEAN OF ACADEMIC AFFAIRS, CLASS ATTENDANCE TAKEN BY FACULTY, AND HOUSING RECORDS MAINTAINED BY THE OFFICE OF STUDENT AFFAIRS. X X X X X X true true X false false false false false false false false false JEFFREY DOCKING PRESIDENT 583776 0 250000 0 47735 0 50417 0 89285 0 1021213 0 0 0 JERRY WRIGHT CFO (LEFT 07/2024) 97331 0 32485 0 4085 0 100764 0 6008 0 240673 0 0 0 PHIL MISHKA CFO AND TREASURER (START 07/2024) 124296 0 0 0 88 0 13716 0 16082 0 154182 0 0 0 FRANK HRIBAR VP FOR ENROLLMENT MANAGEMENT 165276 0 0 0 308 0 17020 0 12972 0 195576 0 0 0 ANDREA MILNER VP FOR ACADEMIC AFFAIRS 134668 0 0 0 202 0 13816 0 15277 0 163963 0 0 0 DARIN SEILER CHIEF INFORMATION OFFICER 139476 0 0 0 0 0 14668 0 16332 0 170476 0 0 0 JIM MAHONY VP FOR DEVELOPMENT 129925 0 0 0 2201 0 13350 0 6767 0 152243 0 0 0 Schedule J, Part I, Line 1a First-class or charter travel THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES HAS AUTHORIZED THE PRESIDENT TO UTILIZE FIRST-CLASS TRAVEL WHEN TRAVELING ON OFFICIAL BUSINESS OF ADRIAN COLLEGE. Schedule J, Part I, Line 1a Travel for companions THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES HAS AUTHORIZED THE COLLEGE TO PAY FOR TRAVEL COSTS OF THE SPOUSE OF THE PRESIDENT WHEN ACCOMPANYING THE PRESIDENT ON, AND PERFORMING, OFFICIAL BUSINESS. Schedule J, Part I, Line 1a Housing allowance or residence for personal use THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES HAS AUTHORIZED THE COLLEGE TO PROVIDE THE PRESIDENT WITH A RESIDENCE FOR PERSONAL USE. THE PRESIDENT IS REQUIRED TO PERFORM A SUBSTANTIAL AMOUNT OF OFFICIAL COLLEGE BUSINESS FROM THIS RESIDENCE. THE VALUE OF THESE BENEFITS HAVE BEEN INCLUDED IN THE PRESIDENT'S NONTAXABLE COMPENSATION. Schedule J, Part I, Line 1a Personal services THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES HAS AUTHORIZED THE COLLEGE TO HAVE ITS CUSTODIAL, MAINTENANCE, AND GROUNDS CREW EMPLOYEES SERVICE THE PERSONAL RESIDENCE THAT THE COLLEGE HAS PROVIDED TO THE PRESIDENT AS WELL AS A PRIVATE RESIDENCE OWNED BY THE PRESIDENT. THE COLLEGE'S FOOD SERVICE PROVIDER ALSO PREPARES MEALS FOR THE PRESIDENT AND GUESTS HOSTED BY THE PRESIDENT ON OFFICIAL COLLEGE BUSINESS AT THE RESIDENCE THE COLLEGE HAS PROVIDED TO THE PRESIDENT. THE AMOUNT PROVIDED FOR THESE SERVICES HAS BEEN INCLUDED IN THE PRESIDEN'TS NONTAXABLE INCOME. Schedule J, Part I, Line 1a COMPENSATION AND BENEFITS PROVIDED TO THE PRESIDENT THE COLLEGE RECEIVES PERSONAL INCOME TAX COUNSEL REGARDING THE VARIOUS FORMS OF COMPENSATION AND BENEFITS PROVIDED TO THE PRESIDENT AND BELIEVES THAT ALL ITEMS AND AMOUNTS HAVE BEEN APPROPRIATELY TREATED FOR INCOME TAX PURPOSES. SUBSTANTIAL CONTRIBUTOR SUBSTANTIAL CONTRIBUTOR 7068603 INDEPENDENT CONTRACTOR false 1 42687 Cost 2 476713 Market value 1 false true false Schedule M, Part I COLUMN (B) ADRIAN COLLEGE IS REPORTING THE NUMBER OF CONTRIBUTIONS MADE RATHER THAN THE NUMBER OF ITEMS CONTRIBUTED. Form 990, Part VI, Line 2 FAMILY/BUSINESS RELATIONSHIPS AMONGST INTERESTED PERSONS LONDA PICKLES TRUSTEE IS THE OWNER OF GURDJIAN INSURANCE GROUP, INC. AND RICK GURDJIAN TRUSTEE IS AN INDEPENDENT CONTRACTOR FOR GURDJIAN INSURANCE GROUP, INC. Form 990, Part VI, Line 11b Review of form 990 by governing body ALL MEMBERS OF THE AUDIT COMMITTEE AND THE CHAIRPERSON OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES ARE GIVEN THE COMPLETE FORM 990 TO REVIEW AND ARE PROVIDED AN OPPORTUNITY FOR DISCUSSION AND RECOMMENDATION OF ANY REVISIONS TO THE FORM. WHEN SATISFIED AS PROPER, THE AUDIT COMMITTEE PROVIDES A RECOMMENDATION TO THE FULL BOARD OF TRUSTEES THAT THE FORM BE APPROVED FOR FILING. COPIES OF THE FORM ARE MADE AVAILABLE TO THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES AT THE BOARD MEETING DURING WHICH THE FORM IS APPROVED FOR FILING. Form 990, Part VI, Line 12c Conflict of interest policy TRUSTEES COMPLETE CONFLICT OF INTEREST POLICY DOCUMENTS AT THE ANNUAL MEETING INFORMATION PROVIDED IS VERIFIED TO THE SCHOOL'S ACCOUNTING RECORDS BY THE SCHOOL'S BUSINESS OFFICE. SHOULD ANY CONFLICT OF INTEREST BE IDENTIFIED, AN OPPORTUNITY IS ALLOWED FOR THE CONFLICT TO BE RESOLVED OR APPROPRIATELY DISCLOSED IN ACCORDANCE WITH GENERALLY ACCEPTED ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA ON THE COLLEGE'S AUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS. Form 990, Part VI, Line 15a Process to establish compensation of top management official EACH MAY, THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES ESTABLISHES THE ANNUAL COMPENSATION OF THE SCHOOL'S PRESIDENT BASED ON WORK PERFORMED BY THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES. Form 990, Part VI, Line 19 Required documents available to the public ADRIAN COLLEGE'S GOVERNING DOCUMENTS ARE MAINTAINED BY THE SECRETARY OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES. THE COLLEGE'S CONFLICT OF INTEREST POLICY, AND VARIOUS OTHER POLICIES, ARE AVAILABLE ON THE COLLEGE'S WEBSITE. ANNUAL, AUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ARE MADE AVAILABLE FOR PUBLIC INSPECTION UPON REQUEST. Form 990, Part XI, Line 9 Other changes in net assets or fund balances CHANGE IN VALUE OF INTERESTS IN REMAINDER AND PERPETUAL TRUSTS - 1847739; ACTUARIAL ADJUSTMENT OF ANNUITY AND PENSION OBLIGATIONS - 92238; Total - 1939977; Form 990, Part XII, Line 2c CHANGE OF OVERSIGHT PROCESS OR SELECTION PROCESS THERE WAS NO CHANGE IN THE OVERSIGHT OR SELECTION PROCESS DURING THE TAX YEAR. CHARITABLE REMAINDER TRUSTS (2) CHAR. REM. TR MI NA Trust false false false false false false false false false false false false false false false false false false false false