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      <Description>Low-Wage Workers and Communities With its long history of investigating policies to improve the lives of families on welfare, MDRC is bringing its program development skills and reputation for methodological rigor to the challenge of learning how best to improve the economic health of low-income workers and communities. In a focused portfolio of projects, we are investigating strategies to "make work pay" - providing financial supports that build a safety net around work while continuing to encourage employment - and initiatives to help low-income people find more stable jobs, advance in the labor market, and achieve long-term self-sufficiency. Our studies are among the largest and most rigorous evaluations of such interventions in the country. The concentration of poverty - and an associated lack of access to good jobs, affordable housing, quality goods and services, and economic and political resources - presents special challenges for improving the prospects of residents of low-income neighborhoods. MDRC has evaluated a number of "place-based" projects that addressed urban poverty and joblessness. Most notable of these was our Jobs-Plus initiative, one of the most ambitious employment programs ever attempted inside some of the nation's poorest inner-city housing projects. Based on the positive findings from Jobs-Plus, we are replicating the program in two cities in a Social Innovation Fund initiative with the Mayor's Fund to Advance New York City and the NYC Center for Economic Opportunity. Selected highlights from 2010: - With the Mayor's Fund to Advance New York City and the City's Center for Economic Opportunity, launched a new federal Social Innovation Fund initiative that will expand five effective economic opportunity programs piloted in New York City across seven additional cities, with the goal of advancing the economic well-being of low-income families and combating poverty across a diverse cross-section of America. - Released early implementation and impact findings on New York City's ambitious antipoverty initiative, Opportunity NYC, a conditional cash transfer program to help families break the cycle of intergenerational poverty, which we helped develop and manage. - Published interim findings on the New Communities Program, a 10-year place-based initiative to strengthen 14 high-poverty neighborhoods in Chicago . - Published long-term impact findings from the Jobs-Plus demonstration, showing sustained earnings impacts three years after the program ended. - Released the final report and cost-benefit analysis from our Employment Retention and Advancement study of 12 programs seeking to help former welfare recipients and other low-wage workers advance. Also published practitioner briefs from this study.</Description>
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        <Description>Family Well-Being and Children's Development Children who grow up in poverty face much greater risks of academic failure, poor health, and emotional distress and, as adults, are more likely to be unemployed and poor. MDRC's studies on children and families are providing a new generation of reliable evidence for policymakers about strategies that benefit the social, emotional, and cognitive development of low-income children - some by improving the life prospects of parents and others by working directly with children. Our two-generation approaches hold the most promise, as developmental theory predicts that improving outcomes for both parents and children together has more powerful effects than focusing on either generation alone. For two decades, MDRC has been a leader in an expanding field of research that examines how children are affected by welfare reform and other social policies that are primarily designed to affect the employment and income status of their parents. We continue to collect data on children in our studies of programs focused on parents' access to financial work supports, educational attainment, and career advancement, and we are learning which particular approaches to improving families' economic well-being are more beneficial to children. MDRC is studying several initiatives that seek to benefit children by improving their parents' emotional well-being or by building healthier family relationships. We are testing the effectiveness of a care management model in Rhode Island that aims to engage depressed Medicaid recipients in successful treatment. This study is allowing us to investigate ways in which a program aimed at reducing parents' depression may indirectly benefit children. In the Supporting Healthy Marriage project, we are testing relationship education programs for low-income married couples. Finally, our child care and early education studies aim to deepen policymakers' understanding of the effects of early care environments, both as a support for employment and as a context that directly affects children's development. Selected highlights in 2010: - Released findings and implementation lessons from our innovative Foundations of Learning demonstration, which is testing a new intervention to help preschool teachers promote the social and emotional development of children in preschools and Head Start centers in Newark and Chicago. - Implemented the Head Start CARES Project, which is examining the effects and implementation of a set of evidence-based strategies to improve the social and emotional development of children in Head Start classrooms. - Published implementation findings from the Supporting Health Marriage Demonstration, which is testing relationship and marriage skills programs for low-income married couples. - Released results from studies of child care subsidies in Illinois and Washington State. - Was contracted by the Administration for Children and Families (ACF) in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services to lead the Behavioral Interventions to Advance Self-Sufficiency (BIAS) project, an unprecedented opportunity to apply and test insights about the science of decision-making in the context of ACF's social assistance programs areas and populations. - Was awarded the Design Options for Home Visiting Evaluation (DOHVE) project from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Home visiting programs provide preventive services to families with young children to prevent child maltreatment, improve maternal and child health outcomes, and increase school readiness. DOHVE will provided technical assistance to grantees of the new federal home visiting program and develop design options for conducting a national evaluation of this federal initiative. - Published an article on marriage and fatherhood programs in the influential Future of Children journal.</Description>
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        <Description>Health and Barriers to Employment MDRC was originally established to study programs for the "hard-to-employ," Americans who face serious obstacles to finding and keeping steady work. Our very first project, the National Supported Work Demonstration, tested the impact of paid work experience for long-term welfare recipients, ex-offenders, high school dropouts, and substance abusers, and it is still regarded as one of the most comprehensive sources of evidence on employment programs targeted to these groups. Today we are testing tailored interventions for specific hard-to-employ groups - people with work-limiting disabilities; those with physical, mental health, or substance abuse problems; long-term welfare recipients; and recipients who have failed in "work-first" programs. MDRC has built a portfolio of projects testing innovative strategies to enhance health care services and health outcomes for low-income people, with a particular focus on services for individuals with health- and disability-related barriers to employment. At the same time, we are testing programs for ex-prisoners and low-income people who are dependent on federal disability assistance. In addition, MDRC has a growing portfolio of projects focused on disconnected youth, which includes the Youth Transition Demonstration and evaluations of YouthBuild, the National Guard Youth ChalleNGe program, and Youth Villages. The findings of our new studies as they emerge will help expand the body of knowledge about how to address particular barriers to employment - and how to implement effective programs in the different public assistance, enforcement, and service delivery systems that interact with the hard-to-employ population. Selected highlights from 2010: - MDRC President Gordon Berlin testified before the Senate Finance Committee on the reauthorization of the federal welfare program, Temporary Assistance for Needy Families. - The U.S. Department of Labor's Employment and Training Administration awarded MDRC a contract to lead a national evaluation of the YouthBuild program. YouthBuild, which operates at more than 200 sites, is one of the nation's most important programs targeting young high school dropouts. - With the Edna McConnell Clark Foundation and Bridgespan, launched a new federal Social Innovation Fund initiative that will combine large grants, strategic business planning, rigorous evaluation, and capital aggregation to increase the scale and impact of up to 10 youth development organizations in communities of need across the United States. - Won two awards, one by the Department of Labor and the other by the Department of Health and Human Services, to test the next generation of transitional jobs programs. - Published interim results from our evaluation of the federal-state National Guard Youth ChalleNGe Program for high school dropouts, showing large impacts on high school diploma and GED attainment and positive effects on working and college-going. - Published updated findings from a transitional jobs program in New York City for ex-prisoners that demonstrated effects on recidivism, as well as short-term results from the Transitional Jobs Reentry Demonstration, which is testing a similar model for ex-prisoners in four Midwestern cities. - Released interim results from random assignment studies of a telephonic care management program for Medicaid recipients with depression and of Early Head Start programs with enhanced employment services. - Released early results from the Accelerated Benefits demonstration, a five-year-long study that is testing whether making medical benefits immediately available to new Social Security Disability Insurance beneficiaries who are likely to benefit from treatment, as well as employment and case management services, improves their health and increases their likelihood of going back to work. - Continued work on the TANF/SSI Disability Transition Project, which seeks to better understand the relationship between the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families and Supplemental Security Income systems as it relates to welfare applicants and recipients with potential disabilities and to work closely with participating TANF agencies to develop and implement strong pilot tests targeted to that population.</Description>
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      <Form990ScheduleDPartXIV>
        <Identifier>Part XIV Supplemental Information</Identifier>
        <ReturnReference>Part V, Line 4</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>mdrc's board of directors created an endowment fund in 1999. the fund includes permanently restricted, temporarily restricted, and unrestricted contributions that have been designated to the fund for the purpose of matching a $7 million, five year challenge grant given by the atlantic philanthropies. spending from the endowment fund is intended to support program development, information dissemination activities, and corporate strategic initiatives. spending from the endowment is approved by the board of directors based on the rules established under mdrc's endowment spending policy.</Explanation>
      </Form990ScheduleDPartXIV>
      <Form990ScheduleDPartXIV>
        <Identifier>PART XIV SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION</Identifier>
        <ReturnReference>PART X, LINE 2 FIN 48 (ASC 740)</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>MDRC adopted ASC 740-10 as of January 1, 2009. ASC 740-10 clarifies the accounting for uncertainy in tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return, including issues relating to finanical statement recognition and measurement. This section provides that the tax effects from an uncertain tax position can only be recognized in the financial statements if the position is "more-likely-than-not" to be sustained if the position were to be challeged by a taxing authority. The assessment of the tax position is based solely on the technical merits of the position, without regard to the likelihood that the tax position may be challenged. MDRC is exempt from income tax under IRC section 501(c)(3), though it is subject to tax on income unrelated to its exempt purpose, unless that income is otherwise excldued by the Code. The tax years ending 2007, 2008, 2009, and 2010 are still open to audit for both fedearl and state purposes. The adoption of ASC 740-10 did not have a material impact on MDRC's financial statements.</Explanation>
      </Form990ScheduleDPartXIV>
    </IRS990ScheduleD>
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        <Explanation>Young Adults and Postsecondary Education With their open admissions policies, convenient locations, and low tuition, community colleges are a critical resource for millions of adults who might otherwise be unable to go to college. For low-income people, these colleges offer a pathway out of poverty and into better jobs. Yet nearly half of students who begin at community colleges drop out before receiving a credential. Many students are overwhelmed by the competing demands of work, family, and school. Lack of preparation for college-level work, poorly tailored instruction, insufficient financial aid, or inadequate advising may also impede their progress. With funding from nearly 20 foundations and government agencies, MDRC's Opening Doors demonstration was the first large-scale random assignment study conducted at community colleges. Working with six pioneering colleges, we tested innovative programs to help students stay in school and earn a credential, including reforms in curricula and instruction, enhanced student services, and financial aid supplements. The early results from two programs in Louisiana and in New York were particularly encouraging - and have led to MDRC's national demonstrations testing performance-based scholarships and learning communities, respectively. Building on the findings from MDRC's study of learning communities in the Opening Doors demonstration, MDRC creating the national Learning Communities Demonstration in partnership with the National Center on Postsecondary Education. It is testing variations of this strategy, most focused on developmental education, with different levels of curricular integration at six colleges across the country. The other project that grew out of the Opening Doors demonstration is the Performance-Based Scholarship Demonstration -in which we are testing variations of these scholarships in four states. More than 4,000 students are receiving scholarships. MDRC is the lead researcher for Lumina Foundation for Education's ambitious Achieving the Dream: Community Colleges Count initiative, which includes more than 160 institutions and 14 national partner organizations. Its goal is to help colleges use student-level data to develop interventions to raise the achievement of students who have traditionally faced the most significant barriers to success, including low-income students and students of color. MDRC's current portfolio of research in higher education has a particular focus on financial aid, student services, developmental education, and institutional reform. Selected highlights from 2010: - Invited to develop a background paper for the White House Summit on Community Colleges describing interventions with rigorous research evidence of effectiveness and thoughts on bringing such programs to scale.. - Published the first impact results from MDRC's Performance-Based Scholarship Demonstration; focusing on three Ohio community colleges, the early findings showed that the scholarships boosted full-time enrollment and the number of credits attempted and earned, while reducing educational debt. Received coverage in the trade and local mainstream media. - Released two reports from the Learning Communities Demonstration: implementation findings on scaling up the programs and early impacts from the Hillsborough Community College site. - Published three reports from MDRC's evaluation of the Achieving the Dream initiative: a qualitative study of the experiences of men of color at selected colleges, a report describing how colleges use the initiative's investment to leverage other resources, and an impact study of one school's successful student services intervention. - Lashawn Richburg-Hayes, deputy director of MDRC's Young Adults and Postsecondary Education, was appointed by U.S. Secretary of Education Arne Duncan to serve on his 15-member Committee on Measures of Student Success. - As one of the core partners of the National Center for Postsecondary Education, MDRC helped organize a national conference (and related webinar) on developmental education. K-12 Education For more than 15 years, MDRC has been learning what works best to raise the academic achievement of young people who are at risk of failing. At a time of growing national and state interest in improving low-performing schools and better preparing students for college and work, our evaluations of comprehensive high school reform models have established MDRC as a respected voice in education research and policy and as a leader in designing rigorous education evaluations. At the elementary school level, we are studying a cluster of programs designed to raise literacy and math skills in elementary and middle schools and to improve teaching and learning by investing in the skills of teachers. Secondary School Reform. High school dropout rates remain stubbornly high, especially for African-American and Hispanic students. And too many students who do graduate aren't ready for college and work. We have examined three prominent comprehensive high school reform interventions that have had some measure of success in improving students' outcomes: First Things First, Talent Development, and Career Academies. Our Career Academies study marked the first time that a random assignment design had been used to evaluate an ongoing high school reform initiative. The results of this study -measurable earnings effects continuing eight years after graduation - provided important lessons for the improvement and expansion of the 2,500 Career Academies now operating. In addition, MDRC is conducting a study of the New York City's large-scale high school reform since 2002: closing more than 20 large, low-performing schools and opening more than 200 small high schools in their place. Finally, as part of the U.S. Department of Education's Investing in Innovation initiative, MDRC is evaluating the Diplomas Now reform model. Improving Reading Skills in the Early Grades. MDRC's focus is on interventions that improve classroom instruction in the early grades. MDRC played a lead role in the design and execution of the federally mandated evaluation of Reading First, established under the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001, which targeted funding to underperforming schools for scientifically based reading programs. The Professional Development in Reading Study tested the impact on reading instruction of intensive professional development and coaching of second-grade teachers. We have recently begun an evaluation of Success for All's early reading model, as part of the federal Investing in Innovation initiative. Our earlier Evaluation of Enhanced Academic Instruction in After-School Programs tested an effort to strengthen the academic component of after-school programs. College Readiness: Too many students leave high school unprepared for the rigors of postsecondary education, often ending up in developmental (remedial) education when they enter college. MDRC has a number of projects focused on addressing this problem, including "bridge" programs that provide support and academic preparation before students enter college. Selected highlights in 2010: - Named evaluation partner for two programs funded under the U.S. Department of Education's Investing in Innovation (i3) framework - the Success for All program to teach reading to elementary school students, which won a $50 million scale-up award, and Diplomas Now, a high school reform model that is based on the Talent Development program that we studied in Philadelphia several years back, which won a $30 million validation grant. - Piloted the College Match Project in Chicago that helps low-income high school students and their families choose the most selective college for which the students are qualified. - Provided background for and helped prepare testimony before the Senate Health, Education, Labor and Pensions Committee about the value of Career Academies, focusing on the positive results from MDRC's long-term impact study. - Released the first results from MDRC's study of small high school reform in New York City, which provided rigorous evidence that these schools are narrowing the educational attainment gap and markedly improve graduation prospects, particularly for disadvantaged students. - Published final results from MDRC's study of supplemental literacy courses for struggling ninth-grade readers.</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
      <GeneralExplanation>
        <Identifier>governance, management and disclosure</Identifier>
        <Explanation>PART VI SECTION A LINE 11A THE FORM 990 REVIEW PROCESS AT MDRC INCLUDES AN INTERNAL REVIEW BY MDRC'S SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT/CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER AND PRESIDENT, AS WELL AS EXTERNAL REVIEW BY GRANT THORNTON. THE FORM 990 IS THEN REVIEWED BY THE AUDIT COMMITTEE OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS. THE FULL BOARD IS PROVIDED WITH A COPY OF THE FORM 990 PRIOR TO ITS BEING FILED WITH THE IRS. THE FULL BOARD DISCUSSES THE FORM 990 POST-FILING AT ITS SCHEDULED ANNUAL MEETING IN DECEMBER. PART VI, SECTION B LINE 12C Directors and offficers are required to complete and sign an annual conflict of interest disclosure statement. The statements are reviewed by the corporate secretary and the president for actual or possible conflicts of interest. If any is disclosed, or inferred, these actual or possible conflicts of interest are brought to the attention of the chairman of the board. In response, the chairman might convene a group of disinterested directors to discuss and address the conflict. All employees, including officers who are also staff members and key employees, are required to read and sign a Code of Ethics, which includes information about conflicts of interest. Annually, each employee must sign a statement disclosing the presence or absence of conflicts of interest on behalf of the employee and family members. Failure to do so can result in disciplinary action up to and including termination. These statements are reviewed by the human resources department and, as appropriate, by counsel for a determination regarding action that should follow the reporting of an actual or potential conflict. In addition to the required annual report, all employees are instructed by the Code of Ethics that they have a responsibility to report a violation of the Code. Employees can report any such violation to MDRC supervisory personnel, the human resources department, or to an independent organization, Ethicspoint, which hosts an online site and toll-free number which employees can use to make complaints anonymously or in identifiable form. PART VI, SECTION B LINE 15A THE FINANCE AND COMPENSATION COMMITTEE ("THE COMMITTEE") OF MDRC's BOARD OF DIRECTORS ESTABLISHES EACH YEAR THE COMPENSATION AND BONUS PAYMENTS, IF ANY, FOR THE TOP PAID AND NEXT TWO TOP PAID OFFICERS OF THE ORGANIZATION BASED ON SURVEY INFORMATION PROVIDED TO THEM FROM BOTH INTERNAL AN EXTERNAL SOURCES. THE INDIVIDUALS ARE MESSRS BERLIN, AMADEO, AND IVRY. EACH YEAR MDRC'S HUMAN RESOURCES FUNCTION CONDUCTS A SURVEY OF POLICY RESEARCH ORGANIZATIONS THAT PERFORM SIMILAR RESEARCH WORK AS MDRC, TO ASCERTAIN THEIR PAY STRUCTURE FOR THE TOP AND SECOND TOP PAID OFFICERS- TYPICALLY THE CEO OR PRESIDENT AND THE COO/CFO. INCLUDED IN THIS SURVEY IS THE BASE SALARY AND BONUS PAYMENTS MADE TO THE TOP AND SECOND TOP PAID EXECUTIVES OF THESE OTHER POLICY RESEARCH FIRMS, ALONG WITH SUCH COMPARABLE FACTORS AS SIZE OF THE ORGANIZATION AS MEASURED BY HEADCOUNT AND OPERATING BUDGETS. THIS SURVEY INFORMATION IS SUPPLEMENTED BY COMPARABLE INFORMATION PROVIDED FROM AN EXTERNAL, THIRD PARTY CONSULTING FIRM CALLED THE NATIONAL THINK TANK COMPENSATION SURVEY (NTTC) CONDUCTED BY AKRON INCORPORATED, A WASHINGTON DC BASED COMPENSATION CONSULTING FIRM. THE NTTC COMPILES THE BASE SALARY AND ANY BONUS PAYMENT INFORMATION PROVIDED BY SURVEY PARTICIPANTS AND DISPLAYS THE INFORMATION ANONYMOUSLY BY QUARTILE, LOCATION, AND FIRM SIZE (STATED IN TERMS OF EMPLOYEES AND BUDGET). SURVEY PARTICIPANT INCLUDE COMPETING POLICY RESEARCH ORGANIZATIONS, AS WELL AS FOUNDATIONS, ENDOWMENTS, AND UNIVERSITIES. THE RESULTS OF BOTH THE IN-HOUSE AND EXTERNAL SURVEYS AND COMPARISON OF FORM 990S FOR THOSE COMPARABLE NON-FOR-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS ARE PRESENTED TO THE COMMITTEE, WHICH THEN DELIBERATES, AND BASED ON THE INFORMATION PROVIDED, ESTABLISHES THE PAY LEVEL FOR MDRC'S PRESIDENT, CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER, AND DEVELOPMENT &amp; EXTERNAL AFFAIRS SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT. PART VI, SECTION B LINE 15B THE COMMITTEE ESTABLISHES COMPENSATION LEVELS FOR THE CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER, AS REQUIRED BY THE CALIFORNIA NONPROFIT INTEGRITY ACT OF 2004, AND FOR ONE OTHER SENIOR OFFICER. COMPENSATION FOR THE REST OF THE OFFICERS AND EMPLOYEES IS BASED ON A RECOMMENDATION BY THE PRESIDENT TO THE COMMITTEE. HIS RECOMMENDATION ESTABLISHES A MERIT AND BONUS POOL FOR THE COMING YEAR, BASED ON THE ORGANIZATION'S STANDARD PAY PRACTICE (DESCRIBED BELOW). THE PRESIDENT SETS AND APPROVES THE SALARY LEVEL AND BONUS PAYMENTS FOR OFFICERS OTHER THAN THE CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER AND THE DEVELOPMENT AND EXTERNAL AFFAIRS SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT, AND FOR OTHER KEY EMPLOYEES. EACH YEAR MDRC'S PRESIDENT RECOMMENDS TO THE BOARD A SALARY POOL FOR MERIT INCREASES AND DISCRETIONARY BONUSES TO BE PAID TO OTHER OFFICERS AND KEY EMPLOYEES IN THE ORGANIZATION. THE MERIT INCREASE AND BONUS POOLS ARE GENERALLY COMPETITIVE WITHIN THE TWO MARKETPLACES IN WHICH THE ORGANIZATION COMPETES FOR HUMAN TALENT(NEW YORK AND CALIFORNIA). THE PRESIDENT BASES HIS RECOMMENDATIONS ON SURVEY INFORMATION PROVIDED BY THE ORGANIZATION'S HUMAN RESOURCES DEPARTMENT, WHICH IN TURN OBTAINS LOCAL LABOR MARKET PAY PRACTICES FROM EXTERNAL THIRD PARTY CONSULTING FIRMS SUCH AS MERCER HUMAN RESOURCES CONSULTING AND TOWERS PERRIN COMPENSATION CONSULTING, AS WELL AS CONDUCTING A SURVEY OF PAY PRACTICES FROM OTHER POLICY RESEARCH ORGANIZATIONS. TYPICAL MERIT INCREASE POOLS IN RECENT YEARS HAVE BEEN IN THE FOUR PERCENT (4%) TO FIVE PERCENT (5%) RANGE. ONCE THE MERIT INCREASE POOL HAS BEEN ESTABLISHED AND APPROVED BY THE BOARD, MDRC ESTABLISHES EACH EMPLOYEE'S SALARY BASED ON TWO FACTORS: PERFORMANCE ON THE JOB DURING THE MOST RECENT CALENDAR YEAR (MDRC USES A FOUR TIER PERFORMANCE RATING SYSTEM), AND WHERE AN EMPLOYEES SALARY FALLS WITHIN THE SALARY RANGE ESTABLISHED FOR THEIR POSITION (CALLED A COMPA-RATIO). HOLDING PERFORMANCE CONSTANT, MDRC'S COMPENSATION SYSTEM PROVIDES A GREATER INCREASE IN SALARY TO THOSE EMPLOYEES WHO ARE LOW IN THEIR SALARY RANGES AND PROVIDES SMALLER INCREASES IN SALARY TO THOSE EMPLOYEES WHO ARE HIGH IN THEIR SALARY RANGES. SALARY RANGES ARE DETERMINED BY AN INTERNAL JOB EVALUATION COMMITTEE BASED ON JOB DESCRIPTIONS OF WORK PERFORMED, COUPLED WITH LABOR MARKET SALARY INFORMATION FROM THIRD PARTY SOURCES. THE SAME SALARY SYSTEM IS DEPLOYED FOR OTHER OFFICERS, KEY EMPLOYEES, AND THE GENERAL EMPLOYEE POPULATION OF THE ORGANIZATION. PART VI, SECTION C LINE 19 MDRC'S FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ARE MADE AVAILABLE TO THE PUBLIC THROUGH THE MDRC WEBSITE AND A HARD COPY IS PROVIDED UPON REQUEST. MDRC'S GOVERNING DOCUMENTS AND CONFLICT OF INTEREST POLICY ARE GENERALLY AVAILABLE TO THE PUBLIC UPON REQUEST.</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
      <GeneralExplanation>
        <Identifier>OTHER changes in net assets</Identifier>
        <ReturnReference>PART XI, LINE 5, Other changes in net assets</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>Unrealized appreciation in fair market value of investments</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
    </IRS990ScheduleO>
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