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        <AmountOfCashGrant>3000</AmountOfCashGrant>
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        <AmountOfNonCashAssistance>0</AmountOfNonCashAssistance>
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      <GrantsToIndOutsideUS>
        <TypeOfAssistance>Travel Grants</TypeOfAssistance>
        <Region>East Asia and the Pacific</Region>
        <NumberOfRecipients>12</NumberOfRecipients>
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      <GrantsToIndOutsideUS>
        <TypeOfAssistance>Travel Grants</TypeOfAssistance>
        <Region>Europe (including Iceland and Greenland)</Region>
        <NumberOfRecipients>32</NumberOfRecipients>
        <AmountOfCashGrant>13242</AmountOfCashGrant>
        <MannerOfCashDisbursement>Wire Transfer</MannerOfCashDisbursement>
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      <GrantsToIndOutsideUS>
        <TypeOfAssistance>Travel Grants</TypeOfAssistance>
        <Region>Middle East and North Africa</Region>
        <NumberOfRecipients>2</NumberOfRecipients>
        <AmountOfCashGrant>550</AmountOfCashGrant>
        <MannerOfCashDisbursement>Wire Transfer</MannerOfCashDisbursement>
        <AmountOfNonCashAssistance>0</AmountOfNonCashAssistance>
      </GrantsToIndOutsideUS>
      <GrantsToIndOutsideUS>
        <TypeOfAssistance>Travel Grants</TypeOfAssistance>
        <Region>North America (including Canada and Mexico, but not the United States)</Region>
        <NumberOfRecipients>11</NumberOfRecipients>
        <AmountOfCashGrant>3920</AmountOfCashGrant>
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        <AmountOfNonCashAssistance>0</AmountOfNonCashAssistance>
      </GrantsToIndOutsideUS>
      <GrantsToIndOutsideUS>
        <TypeOfAssistance>Travel Grants</TypeOfAssistance>
        <Region>Russia and the newly independent States</Region>
        <NumberOfRecipients>5</NumberOfRecipients>
        <AmountOfCashGrant>2430</AmountOfCashGrant>
        <MannerOfCashDisbursement>Wire Transfer</MannerOfCashDisbursement>
        <AmountOfNonCashAssistance>0</AmountOfNonCashAssistance>
      </GrantsToIndOutsideUS>
      <GrantsToIndOutsideUS>
        <TypeOfAssistance>Travel Grant</TypeOfAssistance>
        <Region>South America</Region>
        <NumberOfRecipients>1</NumberOfRecipients>
        <AmountOfCashGrant>300</AmountOfCashGrant>
        <MannerOfCashDisbursement>Wire Transfer</MannerOfCashDisbursement>
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      </GrantsToIndOutsideUS>
      <GrantsToIndOutsideUS>
        <TypeOfAssistance>Travel Grant</TypeOfAssistance>
        <Region>South Asia</Region>
        <NumberOfRecipients>4</NumberOfRecipients>
        <AmountOfCashGrant>2000</AmountOfCashGrant>
        <MannerOfCashDisbursement>Wire Transfer</MannerOfCashDisbursement>
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      </GrantsToIndOutsideUS>
      <GrantsToIndOutsideUS>
        <TypeOfAssistance>Travel Grant</TypeOfAssistance>
        <Region>Sub-Saharan Africa</Region>
        <NumberOfRecipients>1</NumberOfRecipients>
        <AmountOfCashGrant>700</AmountOfCashGrant>
        <MannerOfCashDisbursement>Wire Transfer</MannerOfCashDisbursement>
        <AmountOfNonCashAssistance>0</AmountOfNonCashAssistance>
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      <TransferToForeignCorp>1</TransferToForeignCorp>
      <InterestInForeignTrust>0</InterestInForeignTrust>
      <OwnForeignCorp>1</OwnForeignCorp>
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        <Identifier>SchF_P01_S00_L02</Identifier>
        <ReturnReference>Schedule F, Part I, Line 2</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>Recipients of Travel Grants must submit receipts which are reviewed by SPIE staff prior to disbursement of funds. Recipients of Scholarships must apply and be selected after a thorough review by an independent selection committee.</Explanation>
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          <BusinessNameLine1>The National Academies</BusinessNameLine1>
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          <AddressLine1>500 Fifth St NW</AddressLine1>
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          <City>Washington</City>
          <State>DC</State>
          <ZIPCode>20001</ZIPCode>
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          <City>New York</City>
          <State>NY</State>
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      <Form990ScheduleJPartIII>
        <Identifier>SchJ_P01_S00_L01a</Identifier>
        <ReturnReference>Schedule J, Part I, Line 1a</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>Travel for companions: SPIE has a compensation allowance program for directors. The program is designed to recognize the potential impact of substantial travel required by director positions. The program allows for reimbursement of one airline ticket per year for the companion of a director with a maximum ticket value of $600. If a director elects to use this benefit the value is included on their W2 as taxable wages. In 2011 three directors took advantage of this program: Bradley S. Ferguson, Andrew Brown, and Bobbie Lively. Tax indemnification and gross up payments: The cost of extensive business calls on employee personal cell phones is reimbursable when accompanied with approved substantiation and authorization. These reimbursement payments are added to W2 wages and grossed up to include the amount of taxes due.</Explanation>
      </Form990ScheduleJPartIII>
      <Form990ScheduleJPartIII>
        <Identifier>SchJ_P01_S00_L07</Identifier>
        <ReturnReference>Schedule J, Part I, Line 7</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>The bonuses are not set specific amounts. They are not directly tied formally to any metrix, but instead are left to the Board's discretion. The Board approves the bonus percentage, but the supervisors decide how much each employee will get of the department's allotment.</Explanation>
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      <GeneralExplanation>
        <Identifier>F990_P06_S0A_L06</Identifier>
        <ReturnReference>Form 990, Part VI, Section A, Line 6</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>SPIE is a membership based society with 16,295 members. Membership Types/Rights: Voting Members include the following and may hold office, serve on a committee and vote on all matters that are required to be approved by the members. 1) Regular Member - Any person determined by the Board to be qualified through technical experience or training is eligible to become a regular member. 2) Fellow Member - Restricted to not more than 7% of voting members, must be a Regular Member for at least one year and be appointed by the Board to Fellow Member. 3) Life Member - Appointed by the Board, members who have contributed sustained efforts during extended periods of time to the work of the Society. 4) Early Career Professional Member - Designated for individuals just entering the workforce, qualify for membership 1 year prior to graduation and up to 3 years after graduating. Nonvoting Members include Student Members - receive discounted membership and must be a full time student to qualify.</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
      <GeneralExplanation>
        <Identifier>F990_P06_S0A_L07a</Identifier>
        <ReturnReference>Form 990, Part VI, Section A, Line 7a</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>Annual elections are held by mail/email each year to elect the Board of Directors with the results announced at the Annual General Meeting.</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
      <GeneralExplanation>
        <Identifier>F990_P06_S0A_L07b</Identifier>
        <ReturnReference>Form 990, Part VI, Section A, Line 7b</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>Any major changes such as name change, or a legal structure change would require a vote by the membership. Also the officer directors and member directors are elected by the membership.</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
      <GeneralExplanation>
        <Identifier>F990_P06_S0B_L11b</Identifier>
        <ReturnReference>Form 990, Part VI, Section B, Line 11b</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>The 990 is made available to the Board of Directors via a shared web portal. Subsequently, the CFO reviews the 990 with the Executive Committee of Board of Directors in person at a Board Meeting prior to filing.</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
      <GeneralExplanation>
        <Identifier>F990_P06_S0B_L12c</Identifier>
        <ReturnReference>Form 990, Part VI, Section B, Line 12c</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>Each January the Board of Directors are asked to review and sign the Conflict of Interest Policy. At all meetings it is normal practice for a member to leave the room if there is a perceived conflict of interest.</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
      <GeneralExplanation>
        <Identifier>F990_P06_S0B_L15</Identifier>
        <ReturnReference>Form 990, Part VI, Section B, Line 15</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>Executive Staff: Annually 4-6 different salary surveys to benchmark our Executive Director and Sr. Director of Finance and Administration positions. The salary surveys provide comparative data for Industrial, Not-for-Profit and the local job market. A compensation consultant reviews the surveys and provides assistance in ensuring that the data used provides a good benchmark for the positions being reviewed. The comparison data for the Executive Director is provided to the SPIE's Treasurer who reviews it and makes the appropriate salary recommendation. The comparison data for the Sr. Director of Finance and Administration is provided to the Executive Director, who makes recommendations for compensation for that position. Both recommendations are reviewed and approved by an independent salary review committee. SPIE's Executive Committee performs these duties. Key Staff: Annually data from 6 different salary surveys (3 regional &amp; 3 non-profit) are reviewed and the key staff positions are benchmarked to the market represented in these surveys. We then have our 3rd party compensation analyst run regression analysis on the market data in combination with our internal job evaluation system (Point Factor system). The analyst then makes recommendations regarding grade changes for specific jobs and changes to the pay grade structure. This information is then used in combination with performance evaluations to make pay decisions for key staff. The Senior Directors suggest merit amounts, which are then reviewed by the Executive Director and brought to the salary review committee (SPIE's Executive Committee performs these duties) for final review and approval.</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
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        <Identifier>F990_P06_S0C_L19</Identifier>
        <ReturnReference>Form 990, Part VI, Section C, Line 19</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>The organization makes its governing documents, conflict of interest policy and financial statements available to the public upon request.</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
      <GeneralExplanation>
        <Identifier>F990_P11_S00_L05</Identifier>
        <ReturnReference>Form 990, Part XI, Line 5</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>There was $3,872,343 of Unrealized Investment Loss that contributed to Net Assets, due to net market value fluctuations.</Explanation>
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          <AddressLine1>Cardiff CF24 2SA United Kingdom</AddressLine1>
          <Country>UK</Country>
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        <PrimaryActivities>Scientific Conferences</PrimaryActivities>
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          <AddressLine1>2 Alexandra Gate</AddressLine1>
          <AddressLine2>Fforrd Pengam</AddressLine2>
          <City>Cardiff</City>
          <Country>UK</Country>
          <PostalCode>CF24 DSA</PostalCode>
        </AddressForeign>
        <PrimaryActivity>Scientific Tradeshows</PrimaryActivity>
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      <RentalOfFacilitiesToOtherOrgs>0</RentalOfFacilitiesToOtherOrgs>
      <RentalOfFacilitiesFrOtherOrgs>0</RentalOfFacilitiesFrOtherOrgs>
      <PerformOfServicesForOtherOrgs>1</PerformOfServicesForOtherOrgs>
      <PerformOfServicesByOtherOrgs>1</PerformOfServicesByOtherOrgs>
      <SharingOfFacilities>1</SharingOfFacilities>
      <SharingOfPaidEmployees>1</SharingOfPaidEmployees>
      <ReimbursementPaidToOtherOrg>0</ReimbursementPaidToOtherOrg>
      <ReimbursementPaidByOtherOrg>0</ReimbursementPaidByOtherOrg>
      <OtherTransferToOtherOrg>0</OtherTransferToOtherOrg>
      <OtherTransferFromOtherOrg>0</OtherTransferFromOtherOrg>
      <TransactionsRelatedOrgsTable>
        <NameOfOtherOrganization>
          <BusinessNameLine1>SPIE Europe Ltd</BusinessNameLine1>
          <BusinessNameLine2>#5085639</BusinessNameLine2>
        </NameOfOtherOrganization>
        <TransactionType>b</TransactionType>
        <AmountInvolved>60438</AmountInvolved>
        <MethodOfAmtDetermination>Cash Value</MethodOfAmtDetermination>
      </TransactionsRelatedOrgsTable>
      <TransactionsRelatedOrgsTable>
        <NameOfOtherOrganization>
          <BusinessNameLine1>SPIE Europe Ltd</BusinessNameLine1>
          <BusinessNameLine2>#5085639</BusinessNameLine2>
        </NameOfOtherOrganization>
        <TransactionType>k</TransactionType>
        <AmountInvolved>82348</AmountInvolved>
        <MethodOfAmtDetermination>Cost</MethodOfAmtDetermination>
      </TransactionsRelatedOrgsTable>
      <TransactionsRelatedOrgsTable>
        <NameOfOtherOrganization>
          <BusinessNameLine1>SPIE Europe Ltd</BusinessNameLine1>
          <BusinessNameLine2>#5085639</BusinessNameLine2>
        </NameOfOtherOrganization>
        <TransactionType>k</TransactionType>
        <AmountInvolved>335618</AmountInvolved>
        <MethodOfAmtDetermination>Cost</MethodOfAmtDetermination>
      </TransactionsRelatedOrgsTable>
      <TransactionsRelatedOrgsTable>
        <NameOfOtherOrganization>
          <BusinessNameLine1>SPIE Events Europe Ltd</BusinessNameLine1>
          <BusinessNameLine2>#5099292</BusinessNameLine2>
        </NameOfOtherOrganization>
        <TransactionType>k</TransactionType>
        <AmountInvolved>79955</AmountInvolved>
        <MethodOfAmtDetermination>Cost</MethodOfAmtDetermination>
      </TransactionsRelatedOrgsTable>
      <Form990ScheduleRPartVII>
        <Identifier>SchR_P04_S00_L00</Identifier>
        <ReturnReference>Schedule R, Part IV</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>The share of total income and share of end of year assets reported on Schedule R, Part IV is not included in the total revenue in Part VIII, line 12.</Explanation>
      </Form990ScheduleRPartVII>
    </IRS990ScheduleR>
  </ReturnData>
</Return>