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        <ManagementAndGeneral>1124166</ManagementAndGeneral>
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        <ProgramServices>55579642</ProgramServices>
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        <ProgramServices>5370531</ProgramServices>
        <ManagementAndGeneral>162503</ManagementAndGeneral>
        <Fundraising>460260</Fundraising>
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        <ProgramServices>22973707</ProgramServices>
        <ManagementAndGeneral>21183530</ManagementAndGeneral>
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        <ProgramServices>6141321</ProgramServices>
        <ManagementAndGeneral>30775387</ManagementAndGeneral>
        <Fundraising>469933</Fundraising>
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      <Royalties>
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        <ProgramServices>501787</ProgramServices>
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        <ProgramServices>14685684</ProgramServices>
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        <Fundraising>58065</Fundraising>
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        <ProgramServices>1257899</ProgramServices>
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        <ProgramServices>4472671</ProgramServices>
        <ManagementAndGeneral>102241073</ManagementAndGeneral>
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        <ManagementAndGeneral>533961</ManagementAndGeneral>
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      <OtherExpenses>
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        <Fundraising>29238921</Fundraising>
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      <AccountantCompileOrReview>0</AccountantCompileOrReview>
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      <FederalGrantAuditPerformed>1</FederalGrantAuditPerformed>
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        <Identifier>Explanation of Other Lobbying Activities:</Identifier>
        <ReturnReference>Part II-B, Line 1i:</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>The Smithsonian Institution solicited support for capital improvements and educational programs for the Cooper-Hewitt National Design Museum in New York City from New York City and the State of New York. Smithsonian staff met with public officials on a limited number of occasions, and the value of staff time and direct expenses spent in connection with these meetings was $9,499.</Explanation>
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      <OtherSecurities>
        <Description>Natural Resources and Real Estate</Description>
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        <MethodOfValuation>F</MethodOfValuation>
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      <Form990ScheduleDPartXIV>
        <ReturnReference>Part III, Line 1a:</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>In conformity with the practice generally followed by museums, no value is assigned to the collections in the statement of financial position. Purchases of collection items are recognized as reductions in unrestricted net assets in the period of acquisition. Proceeds from deaccessions or insurance recoveries for lost or destroyed collection items are recognized as increases in the approriate net asset class and are generally designated for future collection acquisitions.</Explanation>
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        <ReturnReference>Part III, Line 4:</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>The acquisition, preservation, management, and study of collections are fundamental to the Smithsonian's mission to increase and diffuse knowledge and have been the foundation upon which its reputation rests. Smithsonian collections are a national and global resource accessed each year by millions of visitors and researchers who use traditional methods and cutting-edge technologies to explore subjects from aeronautics to zoology. Through its collections, the Smithsonian presents the astonishing record of American and international artistic, historical, cultural, and scientific achievement, with a scope and depth no other institution in the world can match. Assembled over more than 160 years, the collections are central to the core activities and to the vitality and significance of the Smithsonian. Smithsonian collections contribute to population recovery of endangered species,advances in reproductive biology, genome resource banking, medical research, forensic analysis, bio-security, and conservation policy worldwide.</Explanation>
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        <Identifier>Description of Intended Use of Endowment Funds:</Identifier>
        <ReturnReference>Part V, Line 4:</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>The Endowment includes approximately 500 individual endowment funds. The Endowment provides stable financial support for scholarship, research activities, other programs, acquisitions for collections and other Institutional activities. It plays a critical role in enabling the Institution to achieve its mission - "the increase and diffusion of knowledge". The Endowment includes both Donor-restricted endowment funds and funds designated by the Board of Regents to function as endowments and are consistent with the Institution's mission. Classification and reporting of net assets associated with the Endowment reflect Donor-imposed restrictions.</Explanation>
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      <Form990ScheduleDPartXIV>
        <Identifier>Description of Uncertain Tax Positions Under FIN 48:</Identifier>
        <ReturnReference>Part X:</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>Line 2 The Smithsonian recognizes the effect of income tax positions only if those positions are more likely than not of being sustained. The Smithsonian does not believe its financial statements include any uncertain tax positions.</Explanation>
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      <Form990ScheduleDPartXIV>
        <Identifier>Part XI, Line 8 - Other Adjustments:</Identifier>
        <Explanation>Change in FONZ net assets -927,416. Deferred gain on building 3,908,586. Change in minority interest-SI Network 851,000.</Explanation>
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        <Identifier>Part XII, Line 2d - Other Adjustments:</Identifier>
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        <Identifier>Part XII, Line 4b - Other Adjustments:</Identifier>
        <Explanation>Direct expenses - fundraising and cost of goods sold -24,421,479.</Explanation>
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      <Form990ScheduleDPartXIV>
        <Identifier>Part XIII, Line 2d - Other Adjustments:</Identifier>
        <Explanation>Direct expenses - fundraising and cost of goods sold 24,421,479.</Explanation>
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      <AcctsActvsOutUSTable>
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        <NumberOfEmployees>0</NumberOfEmployees>
        <TypeOfActivitiesConducted>Academic appointment stipends to recipients located in the region</TypeOfActivitiesConducted>
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      <AcctsActvsOutUSTable>
        <Region>Europe</Region>
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        <NumberOfEmployees>0</NumberOfEmployees>
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      <AcctsActvsOutUSTable>
        <Region>Sub-Saharan Africa</Region>
        <NumberOfOffices>0</NumberOfOffices>
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        <Region>South America</Region>
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        <NumberOfEmployees>0</NumberOfEmployees>
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      </AcctsActvsOutUSTable>
      <AcctsActvsOutUSTable>
        <Region>East Asia &amp; Pacific</Region>
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        <NumberOfEmployees>0</NumberOfEmployees>
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      </AcctsActvsOutUSTable>
      <AcctsActvsOutUSTable>
        <Region>East Asia &amp; Pacific</Region>
        <NumberOfOffices>0</NumberOfOffices>
        <NumberOfEmployees>0</NumberOfEmployees>
        <TypeOfActivitiesConducted>Investments</TypeOfActivitiesConducted>
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      <AcctsActvsOutUSTable>
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        <TypeOfActivitiesConducted>Investments</TypeOfActivitiesConducted>
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        <TypeOfActivitiesConducted>Investments</TypeOfActivitiesConducted>
        <SpecificServicesProvided>/</SpecificServicesProvided>
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      <AcctsActvsOutUSTable>
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      <GrantsToOrgsOutsideUS>
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      <GrantsToOrgsOutsideUS>
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      <GrantsToOrgsOutsideUS>
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        <PurposeOfGrant>Academic appointment stipend</PurposeOfGrant>
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      <GrantsToIndOutsideUS>
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      <GrantsToIndOutsideUS>
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      <GrantsToIndOutsideUS>
        <TypeOfAssistance>Academic Appointment Stipends</TypeOfAssistance>
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        <AmountOfCashGrant>2232221</AmountOfCashGrant>
        <MannerOfCashDisbursement>Direct Deposits &amp; Checks</MannerOfCashDisbursement>
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      <GrantsToIndOutsideUS>
        <TypeOfAssistance>Academic Appointment Stipends</TypeOfAssistance>
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        <AmountOfCashGrant>218897</AmountOfCashGrant>
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      <GrantsToIndOutsideUS>
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      <GrantsToIndOutsideUS>
        <TypeOfAssistance>Academic Appointment Stipends</TypeOfAssistance>
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      <GrantsToIndOutsideUS>
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      <GrantsToIndOutsideUS>
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      <GrantsToIndOutsideUS>
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        <Region>Sub-Saharan Africa</Region>
        <NumberOfRecipients>4</NumberOfRecipients>
        <AmountOfCashGrant>9169</AmountOfCashGrant>
        <MannerOfCashDisbursement>Direct Deposits &amp; Checks</MannerOfCashDisbursement>
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      <Form990ScheduleFPartV>
        <Identifier>Procedure for Monitoring Grants Outside the U.S.:</Identifier>
        <Explanation>Schedule F, Part I, Line 2: The Office of Fellowships has central management and administrative responsibility for the Smithsonian programs of research fellowships and other academic appointments for undergraduate, graduate students, postdoctoral and senior scholars. The Smithsonian Institution Fellowship Program is a competitive fellowship program for graduate and postdoctoral fellows, who apply to conduct research at the Institution with research staff serving as advisors. The review process is made up of disciplinary committees comprised of the Institution's staff who evaluate the canadates and then select the fellows. There are other competitive and non-competitive fellowship, visiting scholar and student appointees selected through the Smithsonian units that go through a variety of other selection processes before an award is made. An official letter /agreement is provided to each award recipient identifying the award title, dates of tenure, stipend allowances, and required responsibilities for holding this position. All recipients either will identify a financial institution for receipt of their monetary award or they will receive US Treasury checks. Depending on the tenure of the appointment, payments can range from one lump sum, biweekly payments or monthly payments. Most fellowship appointments are awarded for one to two years. On occasion, we have visiting scholars or fellows who are conducting research in another country. Payments are usually submitted as stated above, however, on occasion, there may be one or two who request that their payments be sent to the country of their research. At the end of tenure, a final report of their research accomplishments is provided for our records. Smithsonian research staff who serve as advisors to these fellows, students and scholars are usually in the field during their tenure. The individual Smithsonian research centers monitor the progress of their fellows especially those in other countries, and the administrative management of funds is managed through the Institution's central administration for accountability. Investments in particular regions include investments in foreign partnerships and foreign corporations determined by its legal domicile. The value reported represents the fair market value of the investment at the end of the fiscal year.</Explanation>
      </Form990ScheduleFPartV>
      <Form990ScheduleFPartV>
        <Identifier>Other Information</Identifier>
        <ReturnReference>Schedule F, Part V</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>Per Form 990 instructions, stipends are reported on Schedule F if the person receiving the stipend is living or residing outside the United States at the time the stipend is paid or distributed. However, many of these stipend recipients later travelled to the Smithsonian in the U.S. to perform their research.</Explanation>
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        </NameOfOrganization>
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          <City>Lyndhurst</City>
          <State>NJ</State>
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          <BusinessNameLine1>Epsilon Data</BusinessNameLine1>
        </NameOfOrganization>
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          <City>Burlington</City>
          <State>MA</State>
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          <BusinessNameLine1>Donor Services Group LLC</BusinessNameLine1>
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          <City>Los Angeles</City>
          <State>CA</State>
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          <BusinessNameLine1>Odell Simms &amp; Associates</BusinessNameLine1>
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          <City>Falls Church</City>
          <State>VA</State>
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          <City>Washington</City>
          <State>DC</State>
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          <BusinessNameLine1>SDA&amp;A Teleservices Inc</BusinessNameLine1>
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          <City>El Segundo</City>
          <State>CA</State>
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      <FundraiserActivityInformation>
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          <BusinessNameLine1>SteegeThomson Communications Inc</BusinessNameLine1>
        </NameOfOrganization>
        <AddressUS>
          <AddressLine1>4606 Spruce Street</AddressLine1>
          <City>Philadelphia</City>
          <State>PA</State>
          <ZIPCode>19139</ZIPCode>
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        <Activity>Campaign Communications</Activity>
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          <BusinessNameLine1>The Watershed Group LLC</BusinessNameLine1>
        </NameOfOrganization>
        <AddressUS>
          <AddressLine1>100 Bush St</AddressLine1>
          <City>San Francisco</City>
          <State>CA</State>
          <ZIPCode>941043900</ZIPCode>
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        <Activity>Online Advisory Services</Activity>
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        <NameOfIndividual>Elisa Glazer</NameOfIndividual>
        <AddressUS>
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          <City>Bethesda</City>
          <State>MD</State>
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        <NameOfIndividual>Elizabeth Perry</NameOfIndividual>
        <AddressUS>
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          <City>Washington</City>
          <State>DC</State>
          <ZIPCode>200026087</ZIPCode>
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      <EventsInformation>
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        <GrossRevenueEvent1>133770</GrossRevenueEvent1>
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        <EntertainmentEvent1>69225</EntertainmentEvent1>
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        <CharitableContributionsEvent2>279065</CharitableContributionsEvent2>
        <GrossRevenueEvent2>60320</GrossRevenueEvent2>
        <FoodAndBeverageEvent2>80185</FoodAndBeverageEvent2>
        <OtherDirectExpensesEvent2>36043</OtherDirectExpensesEvent2>
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        <GrossReceiptsOtherEvents>424196</GrossReceiptsOtherEvents>
        <CharitableContribOtherEvents>241494</CharitableContribOtherEvents>
        <GrossRevenueOtherEvents>182702</GrossRevenueOtherEvents>
        <RentFacilityCostsOtherEvents>10129</RentFacilityCostsOtherEvents>
        <FoodAndBeverageOtherEvents>81177</FoodAndBeverageOtherEvents>
        <EntertainmentOtherEvents>8500</EntertainmentOtherEvents>
        <OtherDirectExpensesOtherEvents>28861</OtherDirectExpensesOtherEvents>
        <GrossReceiptsTotal>1684813</GrossReceiptsTotal>
        <CharitableContributionsTotal>1308021</CharitableContributionsTotal>
        <GrossRevenueTotalEvents>376792</GrossRevenueTotalEvents>
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        <FoodAndBeverageTotalEvents>478768</FoodAndBeverageTotalEvents>
        <EntertainmentTotalEvents>77725</EntertainmentTotalEvents>
        <OtherDirectExpensesTotalEvents>178131</OtherDirectExpensesTotalEvents>
        <DirectExpenseSummaryEvents>744753</DirectExpenseSummaryEvents>
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      <Form990ScheduleGPartIV>
        <Identifier>Explanation of Fundraising Payments</Identifier>
        <ReturnReference>Schedule G, Part I, Line 2b, Column (v)</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>As the Smithsonian has multiple fundraisers, some of whom work on the same campaign, it is not possible to accurately report the exact amount of revenue associated with each fundraiser. Please note that none of the fundraisers had control of any contributions; all were paid under the terms of negotiated contracts.</Explanation>
      </Form990ScheduleGPartIV>
    </IRS990ScheduleG>
    <IRS990ScheduleI documentId="RetDoc1041900001">
      <RecordsMaintained>1</RecordsMaintained>
      <RecipientTable>
        <RecipientNameBusiness>
          <BusinessNameLine1>University of Miami</BusinessNameLine1>
        </RecipientNameBusiness>
        <AddressUS>
          <AddressLine1>1300 Memorial Drive</AddressLine1>
          <City>Coral Gables</City>
          <State>FL</State>
          <ZIPCode>33124</ZIPCode>
        </AddressUS>
        <EINOfRecipient>590624458</EINOfRecipient>
        <IRCSection>501(c)(3)</IRCSection>
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        <PurposeOfGrant>Academic Appointment Stipend</PurposeOfGrant>
      </RecipientTable>
      <RecipientTable>
        <RecipientNameBusiness>
          <BusinessNameLine1>Miami University</BusinessNameLine1>
        </RecipientNameBusiness>
        <AddressUS>
          <AddressLine1>7 Roundebush Hall</AddressLine1>
          <City>Oxford</City>
          <State>OH</State>
          <ZIPCode>45056</ZIPCode>
        </AddressUS>
        <EINOfRecipient>316402089</EINOfRecipient>
        <IRCSection>501(c)(3)</IRCSection>
        <AmountOfCashGrant>12000</AmountOfCashGrant>
        <PurposeOfGrant>Academic Appointment Stipend</PurposeOfGrant>
      </RecipientTable>
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      <Form990ScheduleIPartIII>
        <TypeOfGrant>Academic Appointment Stipends</TypeOfGrant>
        <NumberOfRecipients>928</NumberOfRecipients>
        <AmountOfCashGrant>10048175</AmountOfCashGrant>
      </Form990ScheduleIPartIII>
      <Form990ScheduleIPartIV>
        <Identifier>Procedure for Monitoring Grants in the U.S.:</Identifier>
        <ReturnReference>Part I, Line 2:</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>Schedule I, Part I, Line 2: The Office of Fellowships has central management and administrative responsibility for the Smithsonian programs of research fellowships and other academic appointments for undergraduate, graduate students, postdoctoral and senior scholars. The Smithsonian Institution Fellowship Program is a competitive fellowship program for graduate and postdoctoral fellows, who apply to conduct research at the Institution with research staff serving as advisors. The review process is made up of disciplinary committees comprised of the Institution's research staff who evaluate the candidates and then select the fellows. There are other competitive and non-competitive fellowship, visiting scholar and student appointees selected through the Smithsonian units that go through a variety of other selections prosesses before an award is made. An official letter/agreement is provided to each award recipient identifying the award title, dates of tenure, stipend allowances, and required responsibilities for holding this position. All recipients either will identify a financial institution for receipt of their monetary award or they will receive US Treasury checks. Depending on the tenure of the appointment, payments may be made in a lump sum or in periodic payments. Most fellowship appointments are awarded for one to two years. At the end of tenure, a final report of their research accomplishments is provided for our records. Smithsonian research staff who serve as advisors to these fellows, students and scholars are usually in the field during their tenure. The individual Smithsonian research centers monitor the progress of their fellows, and the funds are managed through the Institution's central administration to ensure accountability. Similiar processes are followed for awards made to organizations whose academic staff perfoms the related research.</Explanation>
      </Form990ScheduleIPartIV>
    </IRS990ScheduleI>
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      <TravelForCompanions>X</TravelForCompanions>
      <WrittenPolicyReTAndEExpenses>1</WrittenPolicyReTAndEExpenses>
      <SubstantiationRequired>1</SubstantiationRequired>
      <CompensationCommittee>X</CompensationCommittee>
      <IndependentConsultant>X</IndependentConsultant>
      <CompensationSurvey>X</CompensationSurvey>
      <BoardOrCommitteeApproval>X</BoardOrCommitteeApproval>
      <SeverancePayment>0</SeverancePayment>
      <SupplementalNonqualRetirePlan>0</SupplementalNonqualRetirePlan>
      <EquityBasedCompArrangement>0</EquityBasedCompArrangement>
      <CompBasedOnRevenueOfFilingOrg>0</CompBasedOnRevenueOfFilingOrg>
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      <CompBasedNetEarningsFilingOrg>1</CompBasedNetEarningsFilingOrg>
      <CompBasedNetEarningsRelateOrgs>0</CompBasedNetEarningsRelateOrgs>
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        <NamePerson>Robert Fraga</NamePerson>
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        <NamePerson>Clair Gill</NamePerson>
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        <NamePerson>Ira Rubinoff</NamePerson>
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      <Form990ScheduleJPartIII>
        <ReturnReference>Part I, Line 1a</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>First class travel: Certain persons listed in Part VII, Section A were authorized for first class travel when the circumstances of their travel met the requirements of the Smithsonian's travel policy for such travel and first class travel was approved in each instance by that individual's designated "approving official" for travel. The Smithsonian's travel policy is guided by the Federal Travel Regulations as supplemented by the Smithsonian's Travel handbook. Those circumstances included (i) two travelers who have a documented medical condition that permits non-coach travel, when business class travel was not available on scheduled appropriate flight. Travel for companions: The Smithsonian's policy for payment of spousal or dependent family member travel permits such payment only in limited, exceptional cases, when there is a demonstrated bona fide business purpose for the travel and the travel furthers the mission of the Smithsonian, beyond mere attendance at an event or the performance of incidental services. Such travel is authorized only if approved by the Office of General Counsel and the Office of Under Secretary for Finance and Administration/Chief Financial Officer in advance of travel. In the calendar year 2010, five trips were approved for the wife of Secretary Wayne Clough, and one trip was approved for the wife of John Dailey, Director of the National Air and Space Museum. Each trip was authorized consistent with policy. Because it was determined that there was a bona fide business purpose for each trip, the cost of the trips was not treated as taxable income.</Explanation>
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      <Form990ScheduleJPartIII>
        <ReturnReference>Part I, Line 6</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>Certain employees of Smithsonian Enterprises (SE) are eligible to participate in the Smithsonian Enterprises Management Incentive Plan. This eligibility is determined on an annual basis. Even if eligible to participate, a performance review rating of "Fully Successful" must be received. The Plan includes both financial and individual (operational) goals, and these goals must be met in order to receive an incentive payment. There are different performance levels, with each successive level giving a higher incentive payment. In addition, the eligible person must be employed by the organization on the last day of the fiscal year in order to receive payment. Certain employees of the Office of Investments (OI) are eligible to participate in the Investments Incentive plan. This eligibility is determined on an annual basis. The plan includes both quantitative and qualitative goals. The quantitative payment is based on portfolio performance compared to benchmark, and has both single year and multi-year components. The qualitative portion is based on the individual's performance review, and a rating of at least "Successful" is required to receive the qualitative portion of the incentive. The quantitative portion is paid based on the number of basis points earned, with each basis point earning a specific percentage of salary. The overall incentive is capped at 150% of salary.</Explanation>
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      <Form990ScheduleJPartIII>
        <Identifier>Supplemental Information</Identifier>
        <ReturnReference>Part III</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>Part II: Certain of the Institution's current key employees began their service after December 31, 2010 and, accordingly, received no compensation for the reporting period.</Explanation>
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    </IRS990ScheduleJ>
    <IRS990ScheduleK documentId="RetDoc1053100001">
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        <IssuerName>
          <BusinessNameLine1>Fairfax County Economic Development Authority</BusinessNameLine1>
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        <IssuerEIN>540787833</IssuerEIN>
        <CUSIPNumber>30382EC75</CUSIPNumber>
        <DateIssued>2003-12-03</DateIssued>
        <IssuePrice>77545000</IssuePrice>
        <DescriptionOfPurpose>To construct a museum</DescriptionOfPurpose>
        <Defeased>0</Defeased>
        <OnBehalfOfIssuer>1</OnBehalfOfIssuer>
        <PoolFinancing>0</PoolFinancing>
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      <Form990ScheduleKPartI>
        <IssuerName>
          <BusinessNameLine1>District of Columbia</BusinessNameLine1>
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        <CUSIPNumber>254839756</CUSIPNumber>
        <DateIssued>2010-04-26</DateIssued>
        <IssuePrice>30500000</IssuePrice>
        <DescriptionOfPurpose>Refunding of 1997 Bonds</DescriptionOfPurpose>
        <Defeased>0</Defeased>
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        <TotalProceeds>77545000</TotalProceeds>
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        <CapitalExpenditures>77014525</CapitalExpenditures>
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        <AdvanceRefunding>0</AdvanceRefunding>
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        <AmountRetired>1570000</AmountRetired>
        <TotalProceeds>33825749</TotalProceeds>
        <RefundingEscrow>33212755</RefundingEscrow>
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        <AmountUnspent>20373</AmountUnspent>
        <YearOfSubstCompletion>2010</YearOfSubstCompletion>
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      </WorksOfArt>
      <ArtFractionalInterest>
        <NonCashCheckbox>X</NonCashCheckbox>
        <NumberOfContributions>3</NumberOfContributions>
      </ArtFractionalInterest>
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        <NumberOfContributions>108</NumberOfContributions>
        <NoncashContribsRptdF990>4304315</NoncashContribsRptdF990>
        <MethodOfDeterminingRevenues>Selling Price</MethodOfDeterminingRevenues>
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      <Collectibles>
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        <NumberOfContributions>8435</NumberOfContributions>
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      <HistoricalArtifacts>
        <NonCashCheckbox>X</NonCashCheckbox>
        <NumberOfContributions>3431</NumberOfContributions>
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      <ScientificSpecimens>
        <NonCashCheckbox>X</NonCashCheckbox>
        <NumberOfContributions>125581</NumberOfContributions>
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        <NumberOfContributions>155</NumberOfContributions>
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        <NonCashCheckbox>X</NonCashCheckbox>
        <Description>Archival Records-Cubic/Linear Feet</Description>
        <NumberOfContributions>1146</NumberOfContributions>
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      <OtherNonCashContributionsTable>
        <NonCashCheckbox>X</NonCashCheckbox>
        <Description>Archival Records-Items</Description>
        <NumberOfContributions>3601</NumberOfContributions>
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        <NonCashCheckbox>X</NonCashCheckbox>
        <Description>Art-non collection</Description>
        <NumberOfContributions>1</NumberOfContributions>
        <NoncashContribsRptdF990>6000</NoncashContribsRptdF990>
        <MethodOfDeterminingRevenues>Fair market value</MethodOfDeterminingRevenues>
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      <NumberOf8283Received>48</NumberOf8283Received>
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      <Form990ScheduleMPartII>
        <Identifier>Third Party Use:</Identifier>
        <ReturnReference>Part I, Line 32b:</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>Although the Smithsonian acquires collections with good faith intention of retaining them for an indefinite period of time, prudent collections management includes judicious consideration of appropriate deaccessioning and disposal to refine and improve the quality and relevance of the collections with respect to the Smithsonian's mission and purpose. When objects are deaccessioned for disposal by sale, the Smithsonian contracts with commercial galleries or auction houses to sell the objects in order to assure the best return from the sale.</Explanation>
      </Form990ScheduleMPartII>
      <Form990ScheduleMPartII>
        <Identifier>Non Reporting of Revenue:</Identifier>
        <ReturnReference>Part I, Line 33:</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>In accordance with professional practice, as allowed by SFAS 116, the Smithsonian does not assign value to collection items acquired by donation.</Explanation>
      </Form990ScheduleMPartII>
    </IRS990ScheduleM>
    <IRS990ScheduleO documentId="RetDoc1044400001">
      <GeneralExplanation>
        <Identifier>Form 990, Part VI, Section A, line 2</Identifier>
        <Explanation>Steve Case and Patricia Stonesifer who are members of the Board serve as directors in the same business entity.</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
      <GeneralExplanation>
        <Identifier>Form 990, Part VI, Section A, line 7a</Identifier>
        <Explanation>Pursuant to federal statute, the Board of Regents consists of the Vice President of the United States, the Chief Justice of the United States, three members of the U.S. Senate, three members of the U.S. House of Representatives, and nine additional citizen Regents. The three Senators are appointed by the President Pro Tempore of the U.S. Senate, and the three members of the House of Representatives are appointed by the Speaker of the House of Representatives. Their appointment terms coincide with the terms for which they are elected, and they may be reappointed if re-elected. The citizen Regents are nominated by the Board of Regents, and appointed by a Joint Resolution of Congress which is signed by the President of the United States.</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
      <GeneralExplanation>
        <Identifier>Form 990, Part VI, Section B, line 11</Identifier>
        <Explanation>The Form 990 return is prepared by staff within the Office of the Comptroller (OC). The Comptroller performs a detailed review of the entire return. The Comptroller consults with our outside auditors on any issues or questions that may arise in the preparation of the Form 990, as deemed necessary. The Under Secretary for Finance &amp; Administration/Chief Financial Officer (CFO) performs a detailed review of the return. A sub-committee of the Audit &amp; Review Committee reviews the return and any items noted are addressed. The Office of General Counsel (OGC) then reviews the return and provides additional guidance, as necessary. A copy of the return, containing feedback from all prior reviewers, is then reviewed with the Secretary for his review and comments. The Board's Audit &amp; Review Committee then conducts a final review of the return at a regularly scheduled Board meeting, prior to submission.</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
      <GeneralExplanation>
        <ReturnReference>Form 990, Part VI, Section B, line 12c</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>All officers, key employees, and certain other employees are required to complete and file annually a Confidential Financial Disclosure Report. These Reports--which require disclosure of certain assets, earned income, liabilities, outside positions, outside contracts and agreements, gifts, hospitality, reimbursements, and other interests related to the employee's Smithsonian position--are reviewed by the Institution's Office of General Counsel for compliance with applicable conflict of interest policies and laws. In addition to this required reporting, all key employees are required to comply with the Institution's Standards of Conduct, which, among other things, requires that employees not engage in private or personal activities that might conflict or appear to conflict with Smithsonian interests, requires that employees obtain Office of General Counsel approval before engaging in a related outside activity for compensation, and requires employees to consult with the Office of General Counsel whenever a doubt exists as to whether an activity or planned activity violates the Standards. All members of the Smithsonian's governing body are required to complete and file annually the Board of Regents Annual Disclosure Statement. These statements - which require reporting by members of outside positions and substantial shareholding in for-profit business entities, outside positions in non-profit entities, and interests and affiliations of the member or the member's immediate family that have or sought to have a relationship to the Smithsonian-are reviewed by the Institution's General Counsel for compliance with applicable conflict of interest policies and laws. In addition to this required reporting, all members of the Smithsonian's governing body are required to comply with the Board of Regents Ethics Guidelines, which, among other things, define conflicts of interest and establish procedures for disclosing and reporting of conflicts and recusal from decision-making.</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
      <GeneralExplanation>
        <ReturnReference>Form 990, Part VI, Section B, line 15</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>When setting executive compensation levels, the Smithsonian ensures that the compensation paid is both reasonable and comparable to that offered by comparable organizations to executives with similar duties and responsibilities. For those Trust funded positions subject to a market-based compensation approach, the Board's Committee on Compensation and Human Resources prepares for its annual compensation review by evaluating two criteria related to the executives: (i) compensation of similarly situated individuals in other organizations, and (ii) the programmatic and financial accomplishments of the individual and the individual's organizational unit. The Committee's review of comparable compensation of similarly situated individuals in other organizations is aided by a comparative survey performed by a highly regarded, independent outside compensation consultant. The Board of Regents hired Pricewaterhouse Coopers as its consultant for this tax year. To determine compensation comparables, the Compensation and Human Resources Committee, upon considering the recommendations of the compensation consultant and in keeping with accepted practices, determines the types of organizations that are similarly situated, and requires the compensation consultant to compare the duties and responsibilities of the specific Smithsonian positions with those in similarly situated organizations to ensure that the positions are functionally comparable. Those decisions are documented as part of the final compensation recommendation materials. Currently, this survey is performed every two years. During the "off" year, the data is traditionally aged using an aging factor provided by the expert consultant. When determining salaries for Federal executives or Trust executives paid according to a Federal scale, the Institution is limited to its established pay ranges. On an annual basis, salary changes are based on an analysis of programmatic and organizational accomplishment of the individual and the individual's organizational unit, just as is done for Trust executives with market-based compensation. However, market data points are not applicable to these positions, and thus the Institution turns to the established Federal pay scales for minimum and maximum pay. Those pay scales are based on statutory Federal executive pay limits. Annual salary increases are based on achievements against established goals, and salaries of new hires in these categories (Federal executives or Trust executives paid according to a Federal scale) are based on a combination of experience and salary history.</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
      <GeneralExplanation>
        <ReturnReference>Form 990, Part VI, Section C, line 19</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>Form 990, Part VI, Section C, Line 19: The Smithsonian makes these documents available on its public website (www.smithsonian.org). The documents can also be viewed at the Comptroller's office or mailed.</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
      <GeneralExplanation>
        <Identifier>Changes in Net Assets or Fund Balances:</Identifier>
        <ReturnReference>Form 990, Part XI, line 5:</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>Net unrealized losses on investments: -43,713,516. Deferred gain on building 3,908,586. Change in interest in net assets-Friends of Nat'l Zoo -927,416. Change in minority interest - SI Networks 851,000. Total to Form 990, Part XI, Line 5: -39,881,346.</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
      <GeneralExplanation>
        <Identifier>Type of organization (other)</Identifier>
        <ReturnReference>Form 990, Page 1, Line K</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>The Smithsonian Institution is a trust instrumentality of the United States, created by Congress, and organized pursuant to 20 U.S.C. sec. 41 et seq.</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
      <GeneralExplanation>
        <ReturnReference>Form 990, Page 1, Line M</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>As a trust instrumentality of the United States, the Smithsonian Institution is a federal entity that is not domiciled in any state.</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
      <GeneralExplanation>
        <ReturnReference>Schedule G, Part I, line 3</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>The Smithsonian is a trust instrumentality of the United States and as such is exempt from state regulations pursuant to the Supremacy Clause of the U.S. Constitution. All states that have inquired about Smithsonian fundraising solicitation registration have acknowledged this exemption.</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
      <GeneralExplanation>
        <Identifier>Major projects of independent contractors</Identifier>
        <ReturnReference>Form 990, Part VI, Page 8, Section B Independent Contractors</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>Hensel Phelps Construction Company - construction services SAAM/NPG - Patent Office Building renovation NASM Udvar-Hazy Center - infrastructure/installation of pressure reducing station Associated Builders, Inc - construction services NMNH - Various electrical work, HVAC upgrades, perimeter security MSC - Fire alarm upgrade/construction of laboratories Forrester Construction Company - construction services NZP - Construction of seal and sea lions exhibit Ewing Cole, Inc - architect/engineering services MSC - Design of fire detection and alarm system, laboratories SERC - Design of HVAC, fire protection, water capacity systems, Mathia Replacement Laboratory, road improvements NMAFA - Design of electrical and sprinkler systems, HVAC NMNH - Design of HVAC CHNDM - Assessment and recommendations for conservatory, infrastructure improvements NMAH - Archictectural/engineering services for renovations Northrop Grumman Systems Corporation - systems engineering support SAO - Support of Chandra X-Ray Observation Operations</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
      <GeneralExplanation>
        <Identifier>Officer's position held during the year</Identifier>
        <ReturnReference>Form 990, Part VII, Section A</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>Per the instructions, only one position should be checked in column (C). One officer, Bruce Dauer reported as an officer on the tax return served in the following positions during the year: 10/01/10-11/18/10 Key Employee-Director, Office of Planning, Management &amp; Budget 11/19/10-09/25/11 Acting Chief Financial Officer 09/26/11-09/30/11 Key Employee-Director, Office of Planning, Management &amp; Budget</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
      <GeneralExplanation>
        <Identifier>Smithsonian Institution abbreviations used in return</Identifier>
        <ReturnReference>Form 990, Part VII and Schedule J-2</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>The following are Smithsonian Institution abbreviations found in the body of this return: CHNDM - Cooper Hewitt National Design Museum FONZ - Friends of the National Zoo MSC - Museum Support Center NASM - National Air and Space Museum NMAFA - National Museum of African Art NMNH - National Museum of Natural History NPG - National Portrait Gallery NZP - National Zoological Park OFEO - Office of Facilities, Engineering and Operations OPMB - Office of Planning, Management and Budget SAAM - Smithsonian American Art Museum SE - Smithsonian Enterprises SERC - Smithsonian Environmental Research Center</Explanation>
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