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      <Description>PUBLICATIONS AND LIBRARY SUBSCRIPTIONS The association serves teachers, students, and researchers through its publication program, which includes PMLA, a widely cited scholarly journal, as well as reference works and book series that meet the pedagogical and professional needs of those who study languages and literatures. A cornerstone of the MLA's research publications, the MLA International Bibliography, available online, is a unique reference tool for those doing research in the modern languages and literatures, linguistics, rhetoric and composition, pedagogy, and folklore. Individuals purchased 31 copies of the 2009 special print edition for members. More than 1,800 educational institutions subscribe to the bibliography in its electronic forms. The MLA has expanded the scope of the bibliography to cover the teaching of writing, language, and literature and to cover scholarship about Arabic, Hebrew, Asian, and Persian languages and literatures. PMLA is one of the oldest and most respected journals in the field. Between September 2010 and August 2011,244 essays were submitted by MLA members for possible publication in PMLA. In addition to scholarly articles, each year PMLA publishes the program for the MLA Annual Convention and information about fellowships, scholarly meetings, and journals. MLA members receive a subscription to PMLA, and 2,057 libraries purchased a print or electronic subscription to the 2011 volumes. For over thirty years, the MLA Job Information List (JIL) has facilitated the employment process in the field by listing postsecondary faculty vacancies and distributing the information to job seekers whose goal is to teach English or foreign languages and literatures at the postsecondary level. The electronic format of the JIL creates a digital database of departmental job notices that job seekers can search by field, language, or period; by geographic region; by key words; and by other characteristics, such as tenure track or full-time. The JIL is available free of charge to job seekers in departments that are members of the Association of Departments of English (ADE) and the Association of Departments of Foreign Languages (ADFL), which also receive a print version of the JIL in five seasonal issues-October, December, February, April, and Summer. Job seekers who are not in ADE-or ADFL-member departments may purchase affiliate memberships. PDFs of print issues are made available free of charge on the MLA Web site. The MLA compiles and publishes a number of other reference works for humanities teachers, students, and scholars. The MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers is widely used by undergraduate and graduate students in colleges and universities and, increasingly, by high school students. During the 2010-11 fiscal year, the association sold 112,989 copies of the seventh edition of the Handbook, published in 2009, the first edition to offer purchasers a companion Web site, which includes the text of the book and extra features. The Approaches to Teaching World Literature series, which currently comprises 119 volumes, serves teachers by providing guidance about presenting various literary works to students; 3,828 copies of these books were sold in fiscal year 2010-11. In addition, the association sold 2,599 copies of the third edition of the MLA Style Manual and 535 copies of the fifth edition of the Literary Research Guide, which was released in 2008. In 2010, the association began offering electronic subscriptions to the online Literary Research Guide. In fiscal year 2010-11, 88 libraries subscribed to the online edition. A sixth edition of the popular Research Guide for Undergraduate Students was published in spring 2006; 177 copies of this book were sold in fiscal year 2010-11. The Texts and Translations series, affordably priced for classroom use, publishes both the original text and the English translation of literary works. The twenty-eight volumes in the Texts and Translations series sold a total of 5,929 copies. Another MLA series, Research and Scholarship in Composition, contains six volumes and sold a total of 134 copies in fiscal year 2010-11.</Description>
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        <Description>MEMBERSHIP DUES Association activities are designed to serve the professional and scholarly needs and interests of members and to provide members with opportunities to serve the field. In 2011 the MLA had a total of 28,931 members. Of this number 7,039 were student members, 18,082 were regular members, and 3,810 were honorary or life members. MLA members are eligible to receive MLA publications and to submit essays for possible publication in PMLA. These essays are reviewed by specialists in the field who offer helpful criticism for the improvement of the essays. MLA members also receive Profession, an annual publication, and are eligible to submit essays for possible publication in Profession. Authors whose articles are not accepted for publication may receive comments from the members of the Profession Advisory Committee. MLA members are also eligible to propose convention sessions and to participate in the convention program as speakers; they are eligible to run for office, participate in the association's various governance structures, and serve on association committees that oversee publications, the convention, and other activities. In addition, members may participate in the development of association policies and influence practice in the field concerning, for example, interviewing and hiring, institutional arrangements affecting class size and workload, and the evaluation of scholarship. The MLA works to improve English and foreign language programs in colleges and universities. This effort is done through support for the Association of Departments of English (ADE) and the Association of Departments of Foreign Languages (ADFL). Membership in these organizations is institutional: ADFL had 838 member departments in fiscal year 2010-11; ADE had 719 member departments. Individuals may also be affiliate members of the ADE and the ADFL. The purpose of these organizations is to strengthen the administration of college and university English and foreign language departments through the publication of two professional journals, the ADE Bulletin (743 subscribers) and the ADFL Bulletin (851 subscribers), which carry articles on standards in the field; guidelines for departmental programs; and statistical information about enrollments, curriculum developments, ongoing and new academic programs, and the status of faculty members. The MLA Web site provides information about the association and its programs. Visitors can join the association or renew their membership, change address and directory information, learn about the upcoming annual convention, submit proposals for convention sessions, register for the convention and make hotel reservations, and review and order MLA publications. The site includes the MLA Newsletter in PDF, lists of forthcoming meetings, professional announcements, and a searchable program for the MLA Annual Convention. There is also a forum area on the site for members to communicate with one another. Association reports, professional guidelines, and MLA policies and procedures are also posted on the site. The ADE and ADFL Web sites make available policy statements, guidelines, data collected in surveys, summer seminar information and registration, and moderated discussion lists. Some features are available only to members: the complete archive of the ADE Bulletin and the ADFL Bulletin, online voting in Executive Committee elections, the ADE and ADFL directories, a list of graduate programs with links to the programs' Web pages, and moderated discussion lists for ADE-and ADFL-member department chairs.</Description>
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        <CompReportPrior990FilingOrg>0</CompReportPrior990FilingOrg>
        <CompReportPrior990RelatedOrgs>0</CompReportPrior990RelatedOrgs>
      </Form990ScheduleJPartII>
      <Form990ScheduleJPartII>
        <NamePerson>DAVID LAURENCE</NamePerson>
        <BaseCompensationFilingOrg>160111</BaseCompensationFilingOrg>
        <CompBasedOnRelatedOrgs>0</CompBasedOnRelatedOrgs>
        <BonusFilingOrg>0</BonusFilingOrg>
        <BonusRelatedOrgs>0</BonusRelatedOrgs>
        <OtherCompensationFilingOrg>0</OtherCompensationFilingOrg>
        <OtherCompensationRelatedOrgs>0</OtherCompensationRelatedOrgs>
        <DeferredCompFilingOrg>14644</DeferredCompFilingOrg>
        <DeferredCompRelatedOrgs>0</DeferredCompRelatedOrgs>
        <NontaxableBenefitsFilingOrg>21341</NontaxableBenefitsFilingOrg>
        <NontaxableBenefitsRelatedOrgs>0</NontaxableBenefitsRelatedOrgs>
        <TotalCompensationFilingOrg>196096</TotalCompensationFilingOrg>
        <TotalCompensationRelatedOrgs>0</TotalCompensationRelatedOrgs>
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        <CompReportPrior990RelatedOrgs>0</CompReportPrior990RelatedOrgs>
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      <Form990ScheduleJPartII>
        <NamePerson>AMILDE HADDEN</NamePerson>
        <BaseCompensationFilingOrg>137431</BaseCompensationFilingOrg>
        <CompBasedOnRelatedOrgs>0</CompBasedOnRelatedOrgs>
        <BonusFilingOrg>0</BonusFilingOrg>
        <BonusRelatedOrgs>0</BonusRelatedOrgs>
        <OtherCompensationFilingOrg>0</OtherCompensationFilingOrg>
        <OtherCompensationRelatedOrgs>0</OtherCompensationRelatedOrgs>
        <DeferredCompFilingOrg>12013</DeferredCompFilingOrg>
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        <NontaxableBenefitsFilingOrg>8540</NontaxableBenefitsFilingOrg>
        <NontaxableBenefitsRelatedOrgs>0</NontaxableBenefitsRelatedOrgs>
        <TotalCompensationFilingOrg>157984</TotalCompensationFilingOrg>
        <TotalCompensationRelatedOrgs>0</TotalCompensationRelatedOrgs>
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        <CompReportPrior990RelatedOrgs>0</CompReportPrior990RelatedOrgs>
      </Form990ScheduleJPartII>
      <Form990ScheduleJPartII>
        <NamePerson>KINGLEN WANG</NamePerson>
        <BaseCompensationFilingOrg>121616</BaseCompensationFilingOrg>
        <CompBasedOnRelatedOrgs>0</CompBasedOnRelatedOrgs>
        <BonusFilingOrg>0</BonusFilingOrg>
        <BonusRelatedOrgs>0</BonusRelatedOrgs>
        <OtherCompensationFilingOrg>0</OtherCompensationFilingOrg>
        <OtherCompensationRelatedOrgs>0</OtherCompensationRelatedOrgs>
        <DeferredCompFilingOrg>11516</DeferredCompFilingOrg>
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        <NontaxableBenefitsFilingOrg>23757</NontaxableBenefitsFilingOrg>
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    </IRS990ScheduleJ>
    <IRS990ScheduleO documentId="IRS990ScheduleO">
      <GeneralExplanation>
        <Identifier>PROCESS FOR REVIEW OF FORM 990</Identifier>
        <ReturnReference>PART VI, GOVERNANCE, MANAGEMENT, AND DISCLOSURE, LINE 11</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>The completed Forms 990 and 990T are reviewed extensively by the Director of Financial Operations and the Executive Director. The forms are then made available for review to the members of the Executive Council (the association's board of directors) in a password-protected area on the MLA website before they are filed.</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
      <GeneralExplanation>
        <Identifier>EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION POLICY</Identifier>
        <ReturnReference>PART VI, GOVERNANCE, MANAGMENT AND DISCLOSURE LINE 15</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>The members of the Executive Council Subcommittee on Executive Compensation review comparative survey data each year before recommending compensation for the Executive Director to the rest of the council. The Executive Director's compensation must be approved by a recorded vote of the full Executive Council in executive session. The salaries of key employees are determined by the executive director after consulting comparative salary survey data and are presented to the council once a year.</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
      <GeneralExplanation>
        <Identifier>PUBLIC INSPECTION:</Identifier>
        <ReturnReference>PART VI, SECTION C QUESTION 19</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>The financial statements are published in the May issue of the Association's journal, PMLA. The MLA constitution, by-laws, and conflict of interest policies are available at the MLA website and on request.</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
      <GeneralExplanation>
        <Identifier>MONITORING CONFLICTS OF INTEREST POLICY</Identifier>
        <ReturnReference>PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 12C</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>Under the Association's conflict of interest policies, the Executive Director, members of the Executive Council, the trustees, key employees and other members of senior management must complete and sign a questionnaire each year in which they disclose any conflicts of interest as defined in the policies.</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
      <GeneralExplanation>
        <Identifier>MEMBERS</Identifier>
        <ReturnReference>PART VI, GOVERNANCE, MANAGEMENT, AND DISCLOSURE, LINE 6, 7A, &amp; 7B</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>The MLA's principal governing body is the Executive Council. The council has a total of 18 members: 3 officers, 12 at-large members, 2 members from the MLA Delegate Assembly, and the executive director. All members are elected, except the executive director, who is appointed by the council. The second vice president is elected by vote of the entire MLA membership and succeeds automatically to the first vice presidency and the presidency. (There is a new second vice president each year.) The 12 at-large council members are also elected by vote of the entire membership. (Three are elected each year to four-year terms.) The 2 Delegate Assembly members of the council are elected by the assembly from among the members of the assembly. (One is elected every other year to a four-year term.)</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
      <GeneralExplanation>
        <Identifier>FORM 8868</Identifier>
        <Explanation>APPLICATION OF TIME TO FILE FOR AN EXEMPT ORGANIZATION, FORM 8868, WAS PAPER FILED</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
      <GeneralExplanation>
        <Identifier>RECONCILIATION OF NET ASSETS</Identifier>
        <ReturnReference>FORM 990 PART XI LINE 5 OTHER CHANGES IN NET ASSETS</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>UNREALIZED GAINS $ 318,950</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
      <GeneralExplanation>
        <Identifier>CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT</Identifier>
        <ReturnReference>FORM 990 PART VI SECTION A LINE 4</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>IN 2011, THE MLA DELEGATE ASSEMBLY APPROVED AND THE MLA MEMBERSHIP RATIFIED AN AMENDMENT TO ARTICLE 11.C.7 OF THE MLA CONSTITUTION REQUIRING ALL RESOLUTIONS FORWARDED TO THE MEMBERSHIP TO BE RATIFIED BY A MAJORITY VOTE IN WHICH THE NUMBER OF THOSE VOTING FOR RATIFICATION EQUALS AT LEAST 10 PERCENT OF THE MLA'S MEMBERSHIP. WHEN FORWARDING A RESOLUTION TO THE MEMBERSHIP, THE COUNCIL SHALL ESTABLISH ALL RELEVANT DATES FOR THE RATIFICATION PROCESS, INCLUDING THOSE FOR THE DISTRIBUTION AND RETURN OF BALLOTS AND FOR THE DETERMINATION OF VOTING ELIGIBILITY.</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
    </IRS990ScheduleO>
  </ReturnData>
</Return>