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      <Description>See Schedule O for description.The Alzheimer's Genome Project (AGP) has been Cure Alzheimer's Fund signature research effort for several years. The objective is to identify all genes confirming risk for or protection against Alzheimer's disease.In 2011 Cure Alzheimer's Fund distributed $2,117,823 for research support projects. To read a more detailed report on our research, see Cure Alzheimer Fund's Scientific Report 2011.AGP; Massachusetts General Hospital; Dr. Rudy Tanzi;Since starting the project, over 120 Alzheimer's gene candidates have been identified. The AGP now continues with the objective of a) confirming which of those candidate genes are actual Alzheimer's genes, and b) understanding how they affect Alzheimer's pathology.</Description>
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        <Description>Molecular Tweezers: Novel Inhibitors of amyloidogenic porteins and promising drug candidates for Alzheimer's disease; Gal Bitan; University of California, Los Angeles.We propose a focused program that will allow us to plan expanded in vivo characterization of the efficacy of novel compounds called "molecular tweezers,"which modulate the aberrant assembly process using a heretofore-unexplored "process-specific" mechanism towards development of disease-modifying therapy for AD and related diseases.</Description>
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        <Description>Modulation of Abeta Deposition by Cell-Specific Mechanisms; University of Chicago; Dr. Sangram Sisodia.The specific aims of this proposal are to employ genetic and molecular strategies to conditionally delete Familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD)-linked mutant transgenes in specific cell types of the Central Nervous System in order to explore the effects of this manipulation on Abeta deposition.</Description>
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        <Description>Novel Soluable Gamma-Secretase Modulators; Steven Wagner; University of California, San Diego.Many investigators have explored Gamma-secretase modulators (GSMs) as ways of affecting Abeta production and therefore interrupting the earliest stages of Alzheimer's pathology. One reason for the lack of success in this area has been that earlier GSMs were insoluble. We propose to synthesize a photoaffinity probe based on the most potent Soluble Gamma-Secretase Modulator compound that we have developed which will be used in photolabeling and affinity capture experiments in order to provide direct evidence for the molecular target of these AGSMs. These photoaffinity-labeling and affinity capture studies using the SGSM photoprobe will be carried out in collaboration with Dr.Rudy Tanzi using various reconstituted and well charcterized y-secretase assay systems as described previously.</Description>
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        <Description>Effect of Bexaratene on Abeta in Alzheimer's disease; Washington University, St. Louis; David Holtzman.We will assess the efects of bexarotene, a drug originally developed to treat a rare type of lymhoma, on interstitialfluid AB levels over hours as well as its effects on behavior and AB deposition and associated pathology over weeks and months. This will confirm and extend results from the laboratory of Gary Landreth at Case Western Reserve University whose work on bexarotene suggests it may be particularly effective as a treatment for Alzheimer's disease.</Description>
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        <Description>Optimization of Novel ACAT Inhibitors for Alzheimer's Disease; Dora M. Kovacs; Massachusetts General Hospital.We have recently designed and screened a library of 45 novel ACAT inhibitors, based on the structure of CI-1011. From this screen, we have identified three novel ACAT inhibitors that reduce AB generation. Here we will optimize these three inhibitors by screening a novel library of compounds based on their structure. We will determine whether the novel inhibitors prevent development of amyloid pathology and alter APP process in AD mice in absence of toxicity. These studies should result in one or more novel ACAT inhibitors with the potential to prevent and treat AD.</Description>
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        <Description>Structural and Functional Analysis of Novel Abeta and Tau Oligomers Using Conformation-specific Monoclonal Antibodies; George S. Bloom, Ph.D.; University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.The specific goals of this project are to determine if any of the antibodies developed in the laboratory of Charles Glabe, UC-Irvine, recognize the beta-amyloid or tau oligomers that the Bloom lab is studying, and whether the antibodies can prevent formation of those oligomers. Completion of this work could lead eventually to new diagnostic and therapeutic tools for AD.</Description>
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        <Description>Cellular and Animal Models of Amyloid Pathology in Early Alzheimer's Disease; Charles Glabe, Ph.D.;University of California, Irvine, California.The significance of this work is the identification of the earliest type of amyloid pathology in the beginning of the disease and the discovery of a novel mechanism for amyloid pathogenesis. This may provide a new target for therapeutic development and provide evidence for the early.</Description>
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        <Expense>100000</Expense>
        <Description>Exploring Adult Neurogenesis as a Therapeutic Target for Alzheimer's Disease; Se Hoon Choi, Ph.D.; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.Recent evidence shows that the adult brain contains discrete populations of stem cells that retain the capacity to generate new neurons through the process of neurogenesis. We will test whether the strategy of stimulation of endogenous stem cells in the AD brain is safe and effective ultimately to find treatment for Alzheimer's patients.</Description>
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        <Expense>100000</Expense>
        <Description>Alzheimer's Disease Models Based on Human Neuronal Progenitor Cells; Doo Yeon Kim, Ph.D.; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.We propose to develop Alzheimer disease models based on human neural progenitor cells. Human neural progenitor cells are multipotent stem cells that can differentiate to brain cells in in vitro and in vivo conditions. In this study, we will develop genetically modified human neural progenitor cells that can replicate Alzheimer's disease pathology in in vitro and in vivo conditions. Our study will provide a novel Alzheimer's disease model system that can be used to develop and test Alzhemier's disease drugs in human brain cells. Our study will also provide a human Alzheimer's disease model for basic researches.</Description>
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        <Description>Role of ADAM10 in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease After Head Trauma; Dr. Giuseppina Tesco; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the strongest environmental risk factor for the development of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). In addition, cleavage of the APP protein by a-secretase gives rise to the production of the secreted alph cleaved APP fragment (sAPPa), which has been shown to have neuroprotective properties. A recent study has shown that when synthetic sAPPa is administered to mice following experimental head trauma it appears to be protective, reducing neuronal death and axonal injury. If the neuroprotective properties of sAPPa following head trauma can be confirmed, this provides a potential therapeutic strategy for improving a patient's clinical outcome and reducing the potential for the development of AD following head trauma.</Description>
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        <Description>Metallomic Mapping of the Aging Brain in the Trg2576 Mouse model; Dr. Lee Goldstein; Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts.Zinc and other key brain biometals play a critical role in normal brain function, and when altered, development of Alzheimer's disease. Recent clinical trials strongly support development of drugs targeting brain biometals and metal-protein interactions as a promising therapeutic stragegy for this devastating neurodegenerative disease. In this project, Dr. Goldstein will deploy unique analytical resources at the Boston University center for Biometals &amp; Metallomics to perform the first high-resolution metallomic brain maps of key biometals (copper, zinc, iron) during normal brain aging and Alzheimer's disease.</Description>
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      <ActivityOther>
        <Expense>100000</Expense>
        <Description>Selective Cell Vulnerability in Alzheimer's Disease; Dr. Paul Greengard; The Rockefeller University, New York City, New York.The Greengard Laboratory recently developed a new procedure to compare the molecular profiles of very specific cell types inside the brain. They will apply this technology in order to compare vulnerable regions with more resistant regions that don't show any pathology until late stages of the disease.</Description>
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        <Expense>50000</Expense>
        <Description>Understanding the up-regulation of Neurosperpin in Alzheimer's disease brain and isolating a potential therapeutic inhibitor of its action; a continuation. Dr. Nicholas Seeds; University of New Mexico.Specific aim #1 for the project is to determine what is responsible for the up-regulation of neuroserpin in the Alzheimer's disease brain. Specific aim #2 for the project is to use a sensitive high throughput assay screen for inhibitors of neuroserpin to a) screen commercially available libraries and selected chemical compounds, b) use medicinal chemistry to optimize and design new molecules based on the structures of identified hit candidate molecules (above) and crystal structure of neurserpin, c) confirmation of screening "hits", rule out false positives, do dose response curves and counter-screens to identify "leads", and d) test for "hit" interaction with neuroserpin, possible mechanism of action and potential toxicity in hippocampal neuronal cell cultures.</Description>
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        <Description>Documentary ProjectIndependent video producer and author of books and articles on Alzheimer's disease, David Shenk, has obtained support from the MetLife Foundation for underwriting several short videos on Alzheimer's from the patient and care-giver perspective. Shenk and Metlife have asked Cure Alzheimer's Fund to serve as fiscal agent for the project with all editorial and production responsibility residing with Shenk. Cure Alzheimer's Fund receives funds from MetLife and disburses them by invoice upon request by Shenk. The estimated budget is $372,000 and the amount disbursed during 2011 was $65,323.</Description>
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        <Expense>2500</Expense>
        <Description>AlzGene ProjectThe AlzGene database (www.alzgene.org) is a revolutionary resource for Alzheimer's researchers providing data and meta-analyses from hundreds of genetic association studies in an easy-to-use, searchable, web-based database. This site allows researchers to post their findings and comment on other findings. It aggregates huge amounts of information that will help in the search for the genetic makeup of Alzheimer's. Currently, the database has more than 1,000 studies. The site also contains a continuously updated list displaying the genes most strongly associated with AD (on the website see "Top AlzGene Results"). Scientists interested in a particular gene can search for it in AlzGene to see what previous studies have reported, receiving a wealth of information in a very short amount of time. 2011 expenses were for web maintenance.</Description>
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        <Expense>100000</Expense>
        <Description>Mechanisms of Retinoid X Receptor-mediated Abeta Clearance in Ad; Gary Landreth; Case Western Reserve University; This application represents collaboration between the laboratories of Dr. David Holtzman, Rudolph Tanzi and Gary Landreth that is focused on investigating the mechanisms through which RXRs promote amyloid clearance from the brain. The Landreth lab will specifically determine if RXR agonist treatment of murine models of AD provokes the conversion of microglia from a proinflammatory state into alternative M2 states that are associated with tissue repair and induction of phagocytic functions, all contributing to evidence that the drugbexarotene, originally developed to treat a rare form of lymphoma, is effective against Alzheimer's disease.</Description>
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          <BusinessNameLine1>University of Virginia</BusinessNameLine1>
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          <City>Charlottesville</City>
          <State>VA</State>
          <ZIPCode>22908</ZIPCode>
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        <IRCSection>501c3</IRCSection>
        <AmountOfCashGrant>100000</AmountOfCashGrant>
        <PurposeOfGrant>Structuraland Functional Analysis of Novel Abeta and Tau Oligomers Using Conformation specific</PurposeOfGrant>
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          <BusinessNameLine1>University of California Irvine Medical Center</BusinessNameLine1>
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          <City>Orange</City>
          <State>CA</State>
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        <PurposeOfGrant>Cellular and animal models of amyloid pathology in early Alzheimer's disease</PurposeOfGrant>
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        <PurposeOfGrant>Understanding the up-regulation of Neurosperpin in AD diseased brain</PurposeOfGrant>
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          <City>Boston</City>
          <State>MA</State>
          <ZIPCode>02111</ZIPCode>
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        <IRCSection>501c3</IRCSection>
        <AmountOfCashGrant>100000</AmountOfCashGrant>
        <PurposeOfGrant>Role of ADAM10 in the pathogenesis of AD after head trauma</PurposeOfGrant>
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      <RecipientTable>
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          <BusinessNameLine1>Boston University</BusinessNameLine1>
        </RecipientNameBusiness>
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          <AddressLine1>700 Albany Street</AddressLine1>
          <City>Boston</City>
          <State>MA</State>
          <ZIPCode>02118</ZIPCode>
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        <IRCSection>501c3</IRCSection>
        <AmountOfCashGrant>100000</AmountOfCashGrant>
        <PurposeOfGrant>Metallomic Mapping of the Aging Brain in the Trg2576 Mouse Model</PurposeOfGrant>
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        <ReturnReference>Part I, Line 1b</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>None of the above fringe benefits are paid.</Explanation>
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      <Form990ScheduleJPartIII>
        <ReturnReference>Part I, Line 3</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>A compensation committee reviews all compensation annually.</Explanation>
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      <SecuritiesPubliclyTraded>
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        <NumberOfContributions>11</NumberOfContributions>
        <NoncashContribsRptdF990>623086</NoncashContribsRptdF990>
        <MethodOfDeterminingRevenues>average high and low</MethodOfDeterminingRevenues>
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      <GeneralExplanation>
        <ReturnReference>Form 990, Part VI, Section A, line 2</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>Jeffrey Morby and Jacqueline Morby are both directors and marriage partners.</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
      <GeneralExplanation>
        <ReturnReference>Form 990, Part VI, Section B, line 11</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>The President reviews the Form 990 prepared by the organization's controller before providing copies to the directors, and if necessary, will consult with legal counsel.</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
      <GeneralExplanation>
        <ReturnReference>Form 990, Part VI, Section B, line 12c</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>The President regularly and consistently monitors compliance with conflicts of interest by requesting that all officers, directors, and founders sign the annual statement disclosing all interests that might conflict with any interest of the organization.</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
      <GeneralExplanation>
        <ReturnReference>Form 990, Part VI, Section B, line 15a</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>Comparability data are submitted annually to executive committee for compensation approval for the President and all other employees.</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
      <GeneralExplanation>
        <ReturnReference>Form 990, Part VI, Section C, line 18</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>The governing documents, conflict of interest policy and financial statements are made available on the organization's website and upon request.</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
      <GeneralExplanation>
        <ReturnReference>Form 990, Part VI, Section C, line 19</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>The organization's governing documents are available upon request.</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
      <GeneralExplanation>
        <ReturnReference>PART 7, SECTION A</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>Henry McCance, 2300 North Scenic Highway, Lake Wales, FL 33898 Jeffrey and Jacqueline Morby, 18 South Island Drive, Key Largo, FL 33037</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
      <GeneralExplanation>
        <Identifier>Changes in Net Assets or Fund Balances:</Identifier>
        <ReturnReference>Form 990, Part XI, line 5:</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>Net unrealized losses on investments: -314. Donated services 32,575. Total to Form 990, Part XI, Line 5: 32,261.</Explanation>
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