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      <MissionDescription>Founded in 1974, MDRC is a nonprofit, nonpartisan social policy and education research organization that is driven by its mission: MDRC is dedicated to learning what works to improve the well-being of low-income people. Through our research and the active communication of our findings, we seek to enhance the effectiveness of social policies and programs that affect the poor. With a staff of more than 280, MDRC carries out its mission by mounting large-scale evaluations of government and community programs targeted to low-income people, developing and field-testing promising new approaches, providing technical assistance, and working to ensure that our evidence informs the design and implementation of policies and programs. We helped pioneer the use of random assignment - the same highly reliable methodology used to test new medicines - in social policy research. Working in partnership with others, MDRC is building an important body of evidence about what works - and doesn't work - to a</MissionDescription>
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      <Description>Low-Wage Workers and Communities Long regarded as the premier investigator of policies to improve the lives of families on welfare, MDRC is bringing its program development skills and reputation for methodological rigor to the challenge of learning how best to improve the economic health of low-income workers and communities. In a focused portfolio of projects, we are investigating strategies to "make work pay" - providing financial supports that build a safety net around work while continuing to encourage employment - and initiatives to help low-income people find more stable jobs, advance in the labor market, and achieve long-term self-sufficiency. Our studies are among the largest and most rigorous evaluations of such interventions in the country. The concentration of poverty - and an associated lack of access to good jobs, affordable housing, quality goods and services, and economic and political resources - presents special challenges for improving the prospects of residents of low-income neighborhoods. MDRC has evaluated a number of "place-based" projects that addressed urban poverty and joblessness. Most notable of these was our Jobs-Plus initiative, one of the most ambitious employment programs ever attempted inside some of the nation's poorest inner-city housing projects. Based on the positive findings from Jobs-Plus, we are helping to replicate the program in two cities in a Social Innovation Fund initiative with the Mayor's Fund to Advance New York City and the NYC Center for Economic Opportunity. Selected highlights from 2011: - Released the final report from the UK Employment Retention and Advancement project, the largest random assignment evaluation conducted in Britain. It tested a distinctive combination of post-employment advisory support and financial incentives was designed to help low-income individuals who entered work sustain employment and advance in the labor market. - Published two practitioner briefs with lessons from the U.S. Employment Retention and Advancement Project on helping single parents advance in the labor market and on using earning supplements to encourage and sustain employment. - Released in-depth qualitative findings on how families responded to education incentives in New York City's conditional cash transfer program, which MDRC helped design and is evaluating. - Published a report on a program that combined skills training with stronger links to work supports, such as food stamps, child care subsidies, and tax credits. One of those programs delivered its services to low-income workers in workplaces in collaboration with employers. - Selected subgrantees for the Center for Economic Opportunity's Social Innovation Fund Initiative, which is testing five innovative programs first piloted in New York City in communities around the country. - Hosted a forum with NYU's Wagner School and the Center on an Urban Future on financial incentives in public policy, which drew a crowd of 300 policymakers, practitioners, academics, and advocates.</Description>
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        <Description>Family Well-Being and Children's Development Children who grow up in poverty face much greater risks of academic failure, poor health, and emotional distress and, as adults, are more likely to be unemployed and poor. MDRC's studies on children and families are providing a new generation of reliable evidence for policymakers about strategies that benefit the social, emotional, and cognitive development of low-income children - some by improving the life prospects of parents and others by working directly with children. Our two-generation approaches hold the most promise, as developmental theory predicts that improving outcomes for both parents and children together has more powerful effects than focusing on either generation alone. For two decades, MDRC has been a leader in an expanding field of research that examines how children are affected by welfare reform and other social policies that are primarily designed to affect the employment and income status of their parents. We continue to collect data on children in our studies of programs focused on parents' access to financial work supports, educational attainment, and career advancement, and we are learning which particular approaches to improving families' economic well-being are more beneficial to children. MDRC is studying several initiatives that seek to benefit children by building healthier family relationships. For instance, MDRC is the lead evaluator of the federal government's $1.5 billion investment in home visiting programs, which provide preventive services to families with young children to prevent child maltreatment, improve maternal and child health outcomes, and increase school readiness. In the Supporting Healthy Marriage project, we are testing relationship education programs for low-income married couples. Our child care and early education studies aim to deepen policymakers' understanding of the effects of early care environments, including Head Start, both as a support for employment and as a context that directly affects children's development. A current focus of our early education work has been on developing and testing programs that bolster the emotional and behavioral development of preschoolers. Finally, MDRC is the lead in the Behavioral Interventions to Advance Self-Sufficiency (BIAS) project, an unprecedented opportunity to apply and test insights about the science of decision-making in the context social assistance programs areas and populations supported by the Administration for Children and Families (ACF) in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Selected highlights in 2011: - Implemented the Head Start CARES Project, which is examining the effects and implementation of a set of evidence-based strategies to improve the social and emotional development of children in more than 100 Head Start centers across the country. - Published a practitioners' toolkit with lessons from the Supporting Health Marriage Demonstration, which is testing relationship and marriage skills programs for low-income married couples. - Released final results from an evaluation of a telephonic care management program Medicaid recipients with depression. - Released implementation and early impact findings from a random assignment evaluation of two Early Head Start programs that were enhanced with formalized services to proactively address parents' employment, educational, and self-sufficiency needs. - Was awarded the Mother and Infant Home Visiting Program Evaluation (MIHOPE) from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Home visiting programs provide preventive services to families with young children to prevent child maltreatment, improve maternal and child health outcomes, and increase school readiness. - Conducted a series of technical assistance webinars on evaluation for federal home visiting grantees. - Launched the Behavioral Interventions to Advance Self-Sufficiency (BIAS) Project, the first major opportunity to apply a behavioral research lens to programs that serve poor families in the United States - programs like cash assistance, child care, child support, and child welfare.</Description>
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        <Description>Health and Barriers to Employment MDRC was originally established to study programs for the "hard-to-employ," Americans who face serious obstacles to finding and keeping steady work. Our very first project, the National Supported Work Demonstration, tested the impact of paid work experience for long-term welfare recipients, ex-offenders, high school dropouts, and substance abusers, and it is still regarded as one of the most comprehensive sources of evidence on employment programs targeted to these groups. Today we are testing tailored interventions for specific hard-to-employ groups - people with work-limiting disabilities; those with physical, mental health, or substance abuse problems; long-term welfare recipients; and recipients who have failed in "work-first" programs. MDRC has built a portfolio of projects testing innovative strategies to enhance health care services and health outcomes for low-income people, with a particular focus on services for individuals with health- and disability-related barriers to employment. At the same time, we are testing programs for ex-prisoners and low-income people who are dependent on federal disability assistance. In addition, MDRC has a growing portfolio of projects focused on disconnected youth, which includes the Youth Transition Demonstration and evaluations of YouthBuild, the National Guard Youth ChalleNGe program, and Youth Villages. The findings of our new studies as they emerge will dramatically expand the body of knowledge about how to address particular barriers to employment - and how to implement effective programs in the different public assistance, enforcement, and service delivery systems that interact with the hard-to-employ population. Selected highlights from 2011: - Released final results from MDRC's evaluation of National Guard Youth ChalleNGe, an intensive, "quasi-military" residential program for high school dropouts. The positive findings from this study have played a part in greater federal and philanthropic investment in the ChalleNGe program. - Published final results from the Accelerated Benefits Demonstration, which tested (in one of the only random assignment evaluations of health care insurance ever conducted) the effects of earlier access to health care coverage and related services for new Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) beneficiaries. - Published the final report from an evaluation of a telephonic care management program for Medicaid recipients with depression. - Released the final report from a long-term evaluation of a transitional jobs program for welfare recipients in Philadelphia and launched two large-scale federal evaluations of enhanced transitional jobs programs. - Published a report that reviews the experience of the largest subsidized employment initiative in the country since the 1970s: In 2009-2010, states placed more than 250,000 people in subsidized jobs using the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) Emergency Fund established by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. - MDRC President Gordon Berlin delivered an address, "The Labor Market After the Great Recession: Implications for Income Support Policy," at the principal federal welfare research conference. MDRC later published the speech. - Published interim site reports from The Youth Transition Demonstration, which is developing and evaluating strategies to help youth with disabilities transition from school to work. - Launched an evaluation of the Youth Villages Transitional Living Program in Tennessee. - Selected subgrantees for the Edna McConnell Clark Foundation's Social Innovation Fund Initiative, which is replicating promising programs for disconnected youth in communities around the country. - Launched a pilot program to help returning veterans with disabilities, including post-traumatic stress disorder, to improve their employment outcomes. - Continued work on the TANF/SSI Disability Transition Project, which seeks to better understand the relationship between the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families and Supplemental Security Income systems as it relates to welfare applicants and recipients with potential disabilities and to work closely with participating TANF agencies to develop and implement strong pilot tests targeted to that population.</Description>
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        <Explanation>MDRC adopted ASC 740-10 as of January 1, 2009. ASC 740-10 clarifies the accounting for uncertainy in tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return, including issues relating to finanical statement recognition and measurement. This section provides that the tax effects from an uncertain tax position can only be recognized in the financial statements if the position is "more-likely-than-not" to be sustained if the position were to be challeged by a taxing authority. The assessment of the tax position is based solely on the technical merits of the position, without regard to the likelihood that the tax position may be challenged. MDRC is exempt from income tax under IRC section 501(c)(3), though it is subject to tax on income unrelated to its exempt purpose, unless that income is otherwise excluded by the Code. The tax years ending 2008, 2009, 2010 are still open to audit for both federal and state purposes. The adoption of ASC 740-10 did not have a material impact on MDRC's financial statements.</Explanation>
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          <AddressLine1>225 Hamilton E Holmes Drive</AddressLine1>
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        <ReturnReference>Part III Other Program Services</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>Young Adults and Postsecondary Education According to the U.S. Census Bureau, individuals who have a bachelor's degree will earn about $2.1 million over their lifetimes - about one-third more than those who start but do not complete college and nearly twice as much as those who only have a high school diploma. Additionally, college graduates are more likely to be employed: high school dropouts are five times as likely to be unemployed today as workers with degrees. Although the U.S. Department of Labor forecasts that 70 percent of all new jobs will require a postsecondary credential, 60 million adults currently lack one. Access to higher education has been greatly expanded since the mid-1960s. Unfortunately, rates of persistence and credential completion remain distressingly low, particularly at community colleges - where only one third of all students who enter with the intention of earning a degree or certificate actually meet this goal within six years. The reasons behind this problem are myriad: some have to do with the students themselves (for instance, a lack of adequate preparation in the K-12 system and the challenge of balancing work, family, and school responsibilities) and others are the result of institutional or policy constraints (for instance, insufficient advising and financial aid, uncertainty over how to teach basic skills to adults, and constraints in course offerings and inflexible scheduling). Policymakers and the philanthropic sector have focused new efforts on increasing student persistence and achievement in postsecondary education. For example, the Obama Administration has set a goal for the nation of once again having the highest proportion of college graduates in the world by 2020, and Lumina Foundation for Education is seeking to increase the proportion of Americans with "high-quality" degrees and credentials to 60 percent by the year 2025. Since the launch of its Opening Doors Demonstration in the early 2000s, MDRC has been at the forefront of developing and evaluating strategies to help students succeed, particularly students at community colleges and nonselective four-year institutions. Our current research agenda focuses on the following interventions: - revisions to financial aid policies and information to help students pay for college and associated expenses; - improvements in guidance counseling and other support services to help students plan their courses wisely and overcome problems that interfere with school; - improvement of developmental education in the form of accelerated programs, support services, and mentoring programs to get students to master basic skills and move on to college-level courses; - institutional reform, including efforts to help community colleges make better use of student records and other data to improve instruction and services to help more students succeed; and - learning communities or "linked courses" to help students become more engaged in their studies and pass developmental level courses at higher rates. Selected highlights from 2011: - Submitted testimony on findings from MDRC's Performance-Based Scholarship Demonstration to the federal Advisory Committee on Student Financial Assistance. - Released interim findings from MDRC's evaluation of Lumina Foundation for Education's ambitious Achieving the Dream: Community Colleges Count initiative, which received extensive trade press attention. Achieving the Dream, which includes nearly 200 institutions in 32 states and the District of Columbia, helps community colleges use student-level data to develop interventions to raise the achievement of students who have traditionally faced the most significant barriers to success, including low-income students and students of color. - Published interim results from several projects, including the Performance-Based Scholarships Demonstration, the Learning Communities Demonstration, and the Developmental Education Initiative. - Published Unlocking the Gate, a review about what research says about improving outcomes for students in developmental education, which quickly became one of MDRC's most popular publications to date. - Released a 12-page synthesis of findings and lessons for policymakers and practitioners from MDRC's landmark Opening Doors Demonstration of a range of interventions aimed at improving educational outcomes for community college students. - Selected by the Gates Foundation to evaluate its signature Completion by Design Initiative. K-12 Education For nearly 20 years, MDRC has been learning what works best to raise the academic achievement of young people who are at risk of failing. At a time of growing national and state interest in improving low-performing schools and better preparing students for college and work, our evaluations of comprehensive high school reform models have established MDRC as a respected voice in education research and policy and as a leader in designing rigorous education evaluations. At the elementary school level, we are studying a cluster of programs designed to raise literacy and math skills in elementary and middle schools and to improve teaching and learning by investing in the skills of teachers. Secondary School Reform. High school dropout rates remain stubbornly high, especially for African-American and Hispanic students. And too many students who do graduate aren't ready for college and work. We have examined three prominent comprehensive high school reform interventions that have had some measure of success in improving students' outcomes: First Things First, Talent Development, and Career Academies. Our Career Academies study marked the first time that a random assignment design had been used to evaluate an ongoing high school reform initiative. The results of this study -impressive earnings effects continuing eight years after graduation - provided important lessons for the improvement and expansion of the more than 3,000 Career Academies now operating. In addition, MDRC is conducting a study of New York City's large-scale high school reform since 2002: closing more than 20 large, low-performing schools and opening more than 200 small high schools in their place. Finally, as part of the U.S. Department of Education's Investing in Innovation initiative, MDRC is evaluating the Diplomas Now reform model. Improving Reading Skills in the Early Grades. MDRC's focus is on interventions that improve classroom instruction in the early grades. MDRC played a lead role in the design and execution of the federally mandated evaluation of Reading First, established under the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001, which targeted funding to underperforming schools for scientifically based reading programs. The Professional Development in Reading Study tested the impact on reading instruction of intensive professional development and coaching of second-grade teachers. We have recently begun an evaluation of Success for All's early reading model, as part of the federal Investing in Innovation initiative. Our earlier Evaluation of Enhanced Academic Instruction in After-School Programs tested an effort to strengthen the academic component of after-school programs. College Readiness: Too many students leave high school unprepared for the rigors of postsecondary education, often ending up in developmental (remedial) education when they enter college. MDRC has a number of projects focused on addressing this problem, including "bridge" programs that provide support and academic preparation before students enter college. Selected highlights in 2011: - Published a research synthesis of two rigorous, large-scale evaluations of professional development programs for elementary and middle school teachers. - Started up the evaluations of two programs funded under the U.S. Department of Education's Investing in Innovation (i3) framework - the Success for All program to teach reading to elementary school students, which won a $50 million scale-up award, and Diplomas Now, a high school reform model that is based on the Talent Development program that we studied in Philadelphia several years back, which won a $30 million validation grant. - Began fielding the evaluations of seven programs in the Edna McConnell Clark Foundation's Social Innovation Fund initiative: BELL Summer Learning, Communities in Schools, Gateway to College Network, Reading Partners, and The Seed Foundation. - Prepared follow-up results from MDRC's study of small high school reform in New York City, which is providing rigorous evidence that these schools are narrowing the educational attainment gap and markedly improve graduation rates, particularly for disadvantaged students.</Explanation>
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        <Identifier>GOVERNANCE, MANAGEMENT AND DISCLOSURE</Identifier>
        <ReturnReference>PART VI SECTION A LINE 11A</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>THE FORM 990 REVIEW PROCESS AT MDRC INCLUDES AN INTERNAL REVIEW BY MDRC'S SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT/CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER AND PRESIDENT, AS WELL AS EXTERNAL REVIEW BY GRANT THORNTON. THE FORM 990 IS THEN REVIEWED BY THE AUDIT COMMITTEE OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS. THE FULL BOARD IS PROVIDED WITH A COPY OF THE FORM 990 PRIOR TO ITS BEING FILED WITH THE IRS. THE FULL BOARD DISCUSSES THE FORM 990 POST-FILING AT ITS SCHEDULED ANNUAL MEETING IN DECEMBER. PART VI, SECTION B LINE 12C Directors and offficers are required to complete and sign an annual conflict of interest disclosure statement. The statements are reviewed by the corporate secretary and the president for actual or possible conflicts of interest. If any is disclosed, or inferred, these actual or possible conflicts of interest are brought to the attention of the chairman of the board. In response, the chairman might convene a group of disinterested directors to discuss and address the conflict. All employees, including officers who are also staff members and key employees, are required to read and sign a Code of Ethics, which includes information about conflicts of interest. Annually, each employee must sign a statement disclosing the presence or absence of conflicts of interest on behalf of the employee and family members. Failure to do so can result in disciplinary action up to and including termination. These statements are reviewed by the human resources department and, as appropriate, by counsel for a determination regarding action that should follow the reporting of an actual or potential conflict. In addition to the required annual report, all employees are instructed by the Code of Ethics that they have a responsibility to report a violation of the Code. Employees can report any such violation to MDRC supervisory personnel, the human resources department, or to an independent organization, Ethicspoint, which hosts an online site and toll-free number which employees can use to make complaints anonymously or in identifiable form. PART VI, SECTION B LINE 15A THE FINANCE AND COMPENSATION COMMITTEE ("THE COMMITTEE") OF MDRC's BOARD OF DIRECTORS ESTABLISHES EACH YEAR THE COMPENSATION AND BONUS PAYMENTS, IF ANY, FOR THE TOP PAID AND NEXT TWO TOP PAID OFFICERS OF THE ORGANIZATION BASED ON SURVEY INFORMATION PROVIDED TO THEM FROM BOTH INTERNAL AN EXTERNAL SOURCES. THE INDIVIDUALS ARE MESSRS BERLIN, AMADEO, AND IVRY. EACH YEAR MDRC'S HUMAN RESOURCES FUNCTION CONDUCTS A SURVEY OF POLICY RESEARCH ORGANIZATIONS THAT PERFORM SIMILAR RESEARCH WORK AS MDRC, TO ASCERTAIN THEIR PAY STRUCTURE FOR THE TOP AND SECOND TOP PAID OFFICERS- TYPICALLY THE CEO OR PRESIDENT AND THE COO/CFO. INCLUDED IN THIS SURVEY IS THE BASE SALARY AND BONUS PAYMENTS MADE TO THE TOP AND SECOND TOP PAID EXECUTIVES OF THESE OTHER POLICY RESEARCH FIRMS, ALONG WITH SUCH COMPARABLE FACTORS AS SIZE OF THE ORGANIZATION AS MEASURED BY HEADCOUNT AND OPERATING BUDGETS. THIS SURVEY INFORMATION IS SUPPLEMENTED BY COMPARABLE INFORMATION PROVIDED FROM AN EXTERNAL, THIRD PARTY CONSULTING FIRM CALLED THE NATIONAL THINK TANK COMPENSATION SURVEY (NTTC) CONDUCTED BY AKRON INCORPORATED, A WASHINGTON DC BASED COMPENSATION CONSULTING FIRM. THE NTTC COMPILES THE BASE SALARY AND ANY BONUS PAYMENT INFORMATION PROVIDED BY SURVEY PARTICIPANTS AND DISPLAYS THE INFORMATION ANONYMOUSLY BY QUARTILE, LOCATION, AND FIRM SIZE (STATED IN TERMS OF EMPLOYEES AND BUDGET). SURVEY PARTICIPANT INCLUDE COMPETING POLICY RESEARCH ORGANIZATIONS, AS WELL AS FOUNDATIONS, ENDOWMENTS, AND UNIVERSITIES. THE RESULTS OF BOTH THE IN-HOUSE AND EXTERNAL SURVEYS AND COMPARISON OF FORM 990S FOR THOSE COMPARABLE NON-FOR-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS ARE PRESENTED TO THE COMMITTEE, WHICH THEN DELIBERATES, AND BASED ON THE INFORMATION PROVIDED, ESTABLISHES THE PAY LEVEL FOR MDRC'S PRESIDENT, CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER, AND DEVELOPMENT &amp; EXTERNAL AFFAIRS SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT. PART VI, SECTION B LINE 15B THE COMMITTEE ESTABLISHES COMPENSATION LEVELS FOR THE CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER, AS REQUIRED BY THE CALIFORNIA NONPROFIT INTEGRITY ACT OF 2004, AND FOR ONE OTHER SENIOR OFFICER. COMPENSATION FOR THE REST OF THE OFFICERS AND EMPLOYEES IS BASED ON A RECOMMENDATION BY THE PRESIDENT TO THE COMMITTEE. HIS RECOMMENDATION ESTABLISHES A MERIT AND BONUS POOL FOR THE COMING YEAR, BASED ON THE ORGANIZATION'S STANDARD PAY PRACTICE (DESCRIBED BELOW). THE PRESIDENT SETS AND APPROVES THE SALARY LEVEL AND BONUS PAYMENTS FOR OFFICERS OTHER THAN THE CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER AND THE DEVELOPMENT AND EXTERNAL AFFAIRS SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT, AND FOR OTHER KEY EMPLOYEES. EACH YEAR MDRC'S PRESIDENT RECOMMENDS TO THE BOARD A SALARY POOL FOR MERIT INCREASES AND DISCRETIONARY BONUSES TO BE PAID TO OTHER OFFICERS AND KEY EMPLOYEES IN THE ORGANIZATION. THE MERIT INCREASE AND BONUS POOLS ARE GENERALLY COMPETITIVE WITHIN THE TWO MARKETPLACES IN WHICH THE ORGANIZATION COMPETES FOR HUMAN TALENT(NEW YORK AND CALIFORNIA). THE PRESIDENT BASES HIS RECOMMENDATIONS ON SURVEY INFORMATION PROVIDED BY THE ORGANIZATION'S HUMAN RESOURCES DEPARTMENT, WHICH IN TURN OBTAINS LOCAL LABOR MARKET PAY PRACTICES FROM EXTERNAL THIRD PARTY CONSULTING FIRMS SUCH AS MERCER HUMAN RESOURCES CONSULTING AND TOWERS PERRIN COMPENSATION CONSULTING, AS WELL AS CONDUCTING A SURVEY OF PAY PRACTICES FROM OTHER POLICY RESEARCH ORGANIZATIONS. TYPICAL MERIT INCREASE POOLS IN RECENT YEARS HAVE BEEN IN THE FOUR PERCENT (4%) TO FIVE PERCENT (5%) RANGE. ONCE THE MERIT INCREASE POOL HAS BEEN ESTABLISHED AND APPROVED BY THE BOARD, MDRC ESTABLISHES EACH EMPLOYEE'S SALARY BASED ON TWO FACTORS: PERFORMANCE ON THE JOB DURING THE MOST RECENT CALENDAR YEAR (MDRC USES A FOUR TIER PERFORMANCE RATING SYSTEM), AND WHERE AN EMPLOYEE'S SALARY FALLS WITHIN THE SALARY RANGE ESTABLISHED FOR THEIR POSITION (CALLED A COMPA-RATIO). HOLDING PERFORMANCE CONSTANT, MDRC'S COMPENSATION SYSTEM PROVIDES A GREATER INCREASE IN SALARY TO THOSE EMPLOYEES WHO ARE LOW IN THEIR SALARY RANGES AND PROVIDES SMALLER INCREASES IN SALARY TO THOSE EMPLOYEES WHO ARE HIGH IN THEIR SALARY RANGES. SALARY RANGES ARE DETERMINED BY AN INTERNAL JOB EVALUATION COMMITTEE BASED ON JOB DESCRIPTIONS OF WORK PERFORMED, COUPLED WITH LABOR MARKET SALARY INFORMATION FROM THIRD PARTY SOURCES. THE SAME SALARY SYSTEM IS DEPLOYED FOR OTHER OFFICERS, KEY EMPLOYEES, AND THE GENERAL EMPLOYEE POPULATION OF THE ORGANIZATION. PART VI, SECTION C LINE 19 MDRC'S FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ARE MADE AVAILABLE TO THE PUBLIC THROUGH THE MDRC WEBSITE AND A HARD COPY IS PROVIDED UPON REQUEST. MDRC'S GOVERNING DOCUMENTS AND CONFLICT OF INTEREST POLICY ARE GENERALLY AVAILABLE TO THE PUBLIC UPON REQUEST.</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
      <GeneralExplanation>
        <Identifier>OTHER changes in net assets</Identifier>
        <ReturnReference>PART XI, LINE 5, Other changes in net assets</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>Unrealized appreciation in fair market value of investments - $1,296,556</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
    </IRS990ScheduleO>
  </ReturnData>
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