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        <Explanation>(1) TRUDEAU INSTITUTE IS A MEMBER OF THE ASSOCIATION OF INDEPENDENT RESEARCH INSTITUTES (AIRI), WHICH IS A NATIONWIDE ASSOCIATION OF APPROXIMATELY 80 INDEPENDENT, NOT-FOR-PROFIT RESEARCH INSTITUTES. FIFTEEN PERCENT OF THE ANNUAL MEMBERSHIP DUES ARE APPLIED TO AIRI LOBBYING EXPENSES. AIRI'S POLITICAL EFFORTS CONTINUE TO ADDRESS ISSUES RELATED TO CONGRESSIONAL DECISIONS IN REGARD TO FUNDING OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF HEALTH.</Explanation>
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      <ExpensesNotRptdF990>152761</ExpensesNotRptdF990>
      <ExpensesSubtotal>12037436</ExpensesSubtotal>
      <ExpensesNotRptdOnFinStmt>0</ExpensesNotRptdOnFinStmt>
      <TotalExpensesPerForm990>12037436</TotalExpensesPerForm990>
      <Form990ScheduleDPartXIII>
        <Identifier>DESCRIPTION OF INTENDED USE OF ENDOWMENT FUNDS:</Identifier>
        <ReturnReference>PART V, LINE 4:</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>THE TRUDEAU INSTITUTE ENDOWMENT CONSISTS OF THREE FUNDS ESTABLISHED FOR A VARIETY OF PURPOSES, WHICH CONTINUES TO SUPPORT THE MAIN OBJECTIVE AND MISSION OF CONDUCTING BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH. THE TERM ENDOWMENT ARE THOSES ASSETS NOT SUBJECT TO DONOR-IMPOSED STIPULATIONS, WHICH MAY BE DESIGNATED FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSE BY ELECTION OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES. THE BOARD DESIGNATED (QUASI) ENDOWMENT PROVIDES EARNED INCOME IN SUPPORT OF THE INSTITUTE DIRECTOR. INCOME EARNED IN EXCESS OF THE STATED PURPOSE IS AVAILABLE FOR GENERAL OPERATIONS. THE PERMANENTLY RESTRICTED ENDOWMENT IS TO BE MAINTAINED IN PERPETUITY TO GENERATE INCOME FOR THE INSTITUTES OPERATIONAL NEEDS.</Explanation>
      </Form990ScheduleDPartXIII>
      <Form990ScheduleDPartXIII>
        <Identifier>DESCRIPTION OF UNCERTAIN TAX POSITIONS UNDER FIN 48:</Identifier>
        <ReturnReference>PART X, LINE 2:</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>THE INSTITUTE FILES A FORM 990 ANNUALLY WITH THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE. WHEN ANNUAL RETURNS ARE FILED, SOME TAX POSITIONS TAKEN ARE HIGHLY CERTAIN TO BE SUSTAINED UPON EXAMINATION BY THE TAXING AUTHORITIES, WHILE OTHER TAX POSITIONS ARE SUBJECT TO UNCERTAINTY ABOUT THE TECHNICAL MERITS OF THE POSITION OR AMOUNT OF POSITION'S TAX BENEFIT THAT WOULD ULTIMATELY BE SUSTAINED. MANAGEMENT EVALUATED THE INSTITUTE'S TAX POSITIONS, INCLUDING INTEREST AND PENALTIES ATTRIBUTABLE THERETO, AND CONCLUDED THAT THE INSTITUTE HAD TAKEN NO TAX POSITIONS THAT REQUIRED ADJUSTMENTS IN ITS FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND 2011.</Explanation>
      </Form990ScheduleDPartXIII>
      <Form990ScheduleDPartXIII>
        <Identifier>PART XI, LINE 2D - OTHER ADJUSTMENTS:</Identifier>
        <Explanation>RENTAL EXPENSE 152,761.</Explanation>
      </Form990ScheduleDPartXIII>
      <Form990ScheduleDPartXIII>
        <Identifier>PART XII, LINE 2D - OTHER ADJUSTMENTS:</Identifier>
        <Explanation>RENTAL EXPENSE 152,761.</Explanation>
      </Form990ScheduleDPartXIII>
    </IRS990ScheduleD>
    <IRS990ScheduleG documentId="RetDoc1041200001">
      <MailSolicitations>X</MailSolicitations>
      <InPersonSolicitations>X</InPersonSolicitations>
      <SolicitationOfNonGovtGrants>X</SolicitationOfNonGovtGrants>
      <AgreementRefFundraising>1</AgreementRefFundraising>
      <FundraiserActivityInformation>
        <NameOfIndividual>JILL ELISOFON</NameOfIndividual>
        <AddressUS>
          <AddressLine1>1801 S FLAGER ST</AddressLine1>
          <City>WEST PALM</City>
          <State>FL</State>
          <ZIPCode>33401</ZIPCode>
        </AddressUS>
        <FundraiserControlOfFunds>0</FundraiserControlOfFunds>
        <GrossReceipts>0</GrossReceipts>
        <AmountRetainedByContractor>95600</AmountRetainedByContractor>
        <NetToOrganization>-95600</NetToOrganization>
      </FundraiserActivityInformation>
      <TotalRetainedByContractors>95600</TotalRetainedByContractors>
      <TotalNetToOrganization>-95600</TotalNetToOrganization>
      <LicensedStates>NY</LicensedStates>
      <Form990ScheduleGPartIV>
        <Identifier>EXPLANATION OF FUNDRAISING PAYMENTS</Identifier>
        <ReturnReference>SCHEDULE G, PART I, LINE 2B, COLUMN (V)</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>TRUDEAU INSTITUTE ENGAGED CONSULTANT FOR ADVICE, REPRESENTATION, MANAGEMENT, AND IMPLEMENTATION OF FUNDRAISING ACTIVITIES.</Explanation>
      </Form990ScheduleGPartIV>
    </IRS990ScheduleG>
    <IRS990ScheduleJ documentId="RetDoc1042400001">
      <CompensationCommittee>X</CompensationCommittee>
      <WrittenEmploymentContract>X</WrittenEmploymentContract>
      <CompensationSurvey>X</CompensationSurvey>
      <BoardOrCommitteeApproval>X</BoardOrCommitteeApproval>
      <SeverancePayment>0</SeverancePayment>
      <SupplementalNonqualRetirePlan>0</SupplementalNonqualRetirePlan>
      <EquityBasedCompArrangement>0</EquityBasedCompArrangement>
      <CompBasedOnRevenueOfFilingOrg>0</CompBasedOnRevenueOfFilingOrg>
      <CompBasedOnRevenueRelatedOrgs>0</CompBasedOnRevenueRelatedOrgs>
      <CompBasedNetEarningsFilingOrg>0</CompBasedNetEarningsFilingOrg>
      <CompBasedNetEarningsRelateOrgs>0</CompBasedNetEarningsRelateOrgs>
      <AnyNonFixedPayments>0</AnyNonFixedPayments>
      <InitialContractException>0</InitialContractException>
      <Form990ScheduleJPartII>
        <NamePerson>STEPHEN SMILEY</NamePerson>
        <Title>FACULTY</Title>
        <BaseCompensationFilingOrg>159461</BaseCompensationFilingOrg>
        <CompBasedOnRelatedOrgs>0</CompBasedOnRelatedOrgs>
        <BonusFilingOrg>0</BonusFilingOrg>
        <BonusRelatedOrgs>0</BonusRelatedOrgs>
        <OtherCompensationFilingOrg>0</OtherCompensationFilingOrg>
        <OtherCompensationRelatedOrgs>0</OtherCompensationRelatedOrgs>
        <DeferredCompFilingOrg>10989</DeferredCompFilingOrg>
        <DeferredCompRelatedOrgs>0</DeferredCompRelatedOrgs>
        <NontaxableBenefitsFilingOrg>8445</NontaxableBenefitsFilingOrg>
        <NontaxableBenefitsRelatedOrgs>0</NontaxableBenefitsRelatedOrgs>
        <TotalCompensationFilingOrg>178895</TotalCompensationFilingOrg>
        <TotalCompensationRelatedOrgs>0</TotalCompensationRelatedOrgs>
        <CompReportPrior990FilingOrg>0</CompReportPrior990FilingOrg>
        <CompReportPrior990RelatedOrgs>0</CompReportPrior990RelatedOrgs>
      </Form990ScheduleJPartII>
      <Form990ScheduleJPartII>
        <NamePerson>ANDREA COOPER</NamePerson>
        <Title>FACULTY</Title>
        <BaseCompensationFilingOrg>131156</BaseCompensationFilingOrg>
        <CompBasedOnRelatedOrgs>0</CompBasedOnRelatedOrgs>
        <BonusFilingOrg>0</BonusFilingOrg>
        <BonusRelatedOrgs>0</BonusRelatedOrgs>
        <OtherCompensationFilingOrg>0</OtherCompensationFilingOrg>
        <OtherCompensationRelatedOrgs>0</OtherCompensationRelatedOrgs>
        <DeferredCompFilingOrg>9070</DeferredCompFilingOrg>
        <DeferredCompRelatedOrgs>0</DeferredCompRelatedOrgs>
        <NontaxableBenefitsFilingOrg>10149</NontaxableBenefitsFilingOrg>
        <NontaxableBenefitsRelatedOrgs>0</NontaxableBenefitsRelatedOrgs>
        <TotalCompensationFilingOrg>150375</TotalCompensationFilingOrg>
        <TotalCompensationRelatedOrgs>0</TotalCompensationRelatedOrgs>
        <CompReportPrior990FilingOrg>0</CompReportPrior990FilingOrg>
        <CompReportPrior990RelatedOrgs>0</CompReportPrior990RelatedOrgs>
      </Form990ScheduleJPartII>
      <Form990ScheduleJPartII>
        <NamePerson>MARCIA WOODLAND</NamePerson>
        <Title>FACULTY</Title>
        <BaseCompensationFilingOrg>146514</BaseCompensationFilingOrg>
        <CompBasedOnRelatedOrgs>0</CompBasedOnRelatedOrgs>
        <BonusFilingOrg>0</BonusFilingOrg>
        <BonusRelatedOrgs>0</BonusRelatedOrgs>
        <OtherCompensationFilingOrg>0</OtherCompensationFilingOrg>
        <OtherCompensationRelatedOrgs>0</OtherCompensationRelatedOrgs>
        <DeferredCompFilingOrg>9615</DeferredCompFilingOrg>
        <DeferredCompRelatedOrgs>0</DeferredCompRelatedOrgs>
        <NontaxableBenefitsFilingOrg>0</NontaxableBenefitsFilingOrg>
        <NontaxableBenefitsRelatedOrgs>0</NontaxableBenefitsRelatedOrgs>
        <TotalCompensationFilingOrg>156129</TotalCompensationFilingOrg>
        <TotalCompensationRelatedOrgs>0</TotalCompensationRelatedOrgs>
        <CompReportPrior990FilingOrg>0</CompReportPrior990FilingOrg>
        <CompReportPrior990RelatedOrgs>0</CompReportPrior990RelatedOrgs>
      </Form990ScheduleJPartII>
      <Form990ScheduleJPartII>
        <NamePerson>MARKUS MOHRS</NamePerson>
        <Title>FACULTY</Title>
        <BaseCompensationFilingOrg>134139</BaseCompensationFilingOrg>
        <CompBasedOnRelatedOrgs>0</CompBasedOnRelatedOrgs>
        <BonusFilingOrg>0</BonusFilingOrg>
        <BonusRelatedOrgs>0</BonusRelatedOrgs>
        <OtherCompensationFilingOrg>0</OtherCompensationFilingOrg>
        <OtherCompensationRelatedOrgs>0</OtherCompensationRelatedOrgs>
        <DeferredCompFilingOrg>9252</DeferredCompFilingOrg>
        <DeferredCompRelatedOrgs>0</DeferredCompRelatedOrgs>
        <NontaxableBenefitsFilingOrg>10149</NontaxableBenefitsFilingOrg>
        <NontaxableBenefitsRelatedOrgs>0</NontaxableBenefitsRelatedOrgs>
        <TotalCompensationFilingOrg>153540</TotalCompensationFilingOrg>
        <TotalCompensationRelatedOrgs>0</TotalCompensationRelatedOrgs>
        <CompReportPrior990FilingOrg>0</CompReportPrior990FilingOrg>
        <CompReportPrior990RelatedOrgs>0</CompReportPrior990RelatedOrgs>
      </Form990ScheduleJPartII>
    </IRS990ScheduleJ>
    <IRS990ScheduleO documentId="RetDoc1044400001">
      <GeneralExplanation>
        <ReturnReference>FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 11</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>UPON REVIEW OF THE IRS FORM 990 BY THE PRESIDENT DIRECTOR AND CEO, CHIEF OPERATING OFFICER, THE CONTROLLER, AND THE AUDIT COMMITTEE, THE FORM 990 IS THEN FORWARDED TO ALL MEMBERS OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES AND OFFICIALLY FILED WITH THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE.</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
      <GeneralExplanation>
        <ReturnReference>FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 12C</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>ANNUALLY, THE OFFICERS, DIRECTORS, AND MEMBERS OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES RECEIVE A COPY OF THE TRUDEAU INSTITUTE CONFLICT OF INTEREST POLICY. EACH PERSON IS REQUIRED TO SUBMIT A SIGNED CERTIFICATION THAT THEY WILL READ, UNDERSTAND, AND AGREE TO COMPLY WITH THE POLICY. IF THERE IS A DISCLOSURE, THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES WILL ASCERTAIN THE VALIDITY OF THE POTENTIAL CONFLICT AND FOLLOW POLICY FOR COMPLIANCE.</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
      <GeneralExplanation>
        <ReturnReference>FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 15</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>THE PROCESS FOR DETERMINING COMPENSATION FOR THE DIRECTOR/PRESIDENT WAS LAST COMPLETED IN DECEMBER 2007 TO FORMULATE A FIVE YEAR CONTRACT. THE PROCESS INCLUDED THE USE OF COMPARABLE COMPENSATION FOR THE SAME POSITION IN SIMILAR ORGANIZATIONS, WITH REVIEW AND APPROVAL BY THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES. COMPENSATION FOR THE DIRECTOR WAS DEFINED THROUGH DECEMBER 31, 2012. THE PROCESS FOR DETERMINING COMPENSATION FOR ALL OTHER OFFICERS IS COMPLETED ANNUALLY. DETERMINATION IS BASED UPON BENCHMARK DATA FROM SIMILAR ORGANIZATIONS AND REQUIRES REVIEW AND APPROVAL BY THE DIRECTOR AND THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES COMPENSATION COMMITTEE.</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
      <GeneralExplanation>
        <ReturnReference>FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION C, LINE 18</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>TRUDEAU INSTITUTE PROVIDES THE PUBLIC DIRECT ACCESS TO THE MOST RECENT AUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND FORM 990 THROUGH THE ORGANIZATION'S WEBSITE. THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ARE ALSO PROVIDED TO ALL REGUALTORY AGENCIES, THE FEDERAL AND STATE GOVERNMENTS AND UPON REQUEST FROM VARIOUS INTERESTED PARTIES. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, GOVERNING DOCUMENTS, AND INSTITUTE POLICIES ARE IN THE CARE OF THE TREASURER AND SECRETARY AND ARE MADE AVAILABLE UPON REQUEST.</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
      <GeneralExplanation>
        <ReturnReference>FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION C, LINE 19</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>TRUDEAU INSTITUTE PROVIDES THE PUBLIC DIRECT ACCESS TO THE MOST RECENT AUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS THROUGH THE ORGANIZATION'S WEBSITE. THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ARE ALSO PROVIDED TO ALL REGULATORY AGENCIES, THE FEDERAL AND STATE GOVERNMENTS AND UPON REQUEST FROM VARIOUS INTERESTED PARTIES. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, GOVERNING DOCUMENTS, AND INSTITUTE POLICIES ARE IN THE CARE OF THE TREASURER AND SECRETARY AND ARE MADE AVAILABLE UPON REQUEST.</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
      <GeneralExplanation>
        <Explanation>THE PROCESS OF REVIEWING THE FORM 990 HAS CHANGED FROM THE PRIOR YEAR. THE AUDIT COMMITTEE NO LONGER FORMALLY MEETS TO REVIEW THE 990, THEY REVIEW IT INDIVIDUALLY AND SUGGEST CHANGES TO THE FORM 990 AS NEEDED. UPON THEIR APPROVAL, THE FORM 990 IS FILED WITH THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE.</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
    </IRS990ScheduleO>
  </ReturnData>
</Return>