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        <Explanation>THE TREASURER AND EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR REVIEW AND SIGN FORM 990.</Explanation>
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      <GeneralExplanation>
        <ReturnReference>FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 12C</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>CONFLICT OF INTEREST DISCLOSURES ARE COLLECTED ANNUALLY AND MEMBERS ARE REQUESTED TO UPDATE THEM IF ANY CONFLICTS CHANGE. DISCLOSURE IS REQUIRED FOR PARTICIPATION IN ANY COMMITTEE POSITION, STAFF IN A POSITION TO INFLUENCE CONTENT, ALL FACULTY AND SPEAKER POSITIONS IN CNS EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES, ALL ABSTRACT AUTHORS WHO CONTRIBUTE SCIENCE FOR THE CNS ANNUAL MEETINGS, AS WELL AS ALL MANUSCRIPT AUTHORS, REVIEWERS AND EDITORS FOR NEUROSURGERY, THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CNS. DISCLOSURE BY MEMBER NEUROSURGEONS IS ALSO ENCOURAGED. THE EDUCATION COMMITTEE CHAIR IS RESPONSIBLE FOR REVIEWING THE DISCLOSURES FOR ANY POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTERESTS THAT REQUIRE RESOLVING. IF A CONFLICT EXISTS FOR THE EDUCATION COMMITTEE CHAIR, OR IF FURTHER RESOLUTION OR CONSIDERATION IS REQUIRED, THE COI REVIEW AND MITIGATION SUBCOMMITTEE CONSISTING OF THE CHAIRMAN OF THE COMPLIANCE AND ETHICS COMMITTEE, EDUCATION COMMITTEE CHAIR, SCIENTIFIC PROGRAM CHAIR, SCIENTIFIC PROGRAM VICE CHAIR, AND CNS VICE PRESIDENT WILL REVIEW ANY POTENTIAL CONFLICTS. IF, UPON REVIEW, RESOLUTION OF MEMBER CONFLICT OF INTEREST IS REQUIRED, THE COMMITTEE MEMBER, FACULTY, SPEAKER, ABSTRACT AUTHOR, REVIEWER, EDITOR IS NOTIFIED OF THE DECISION. COMMITTEE MEMBERS ARE ALSO ASKED TO RECUSE THEMSELVES FROM ANY DISCUSSION WHERE THEY MIGHT HAVE A CONFLICT OF INTEREST DURING COMMITTEE BUSINESS. THIS RECUSAL WILL BE NOTED IN THE MEETING MINUTES OR IN WRITTEN DOCUMENTATION.</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
      <GeneralExplanation>
        <ReturnReference>FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 15</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>APPROVED BY THE CNS EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE AT ITS FALL MEETING ON OCTOBER 11, 2006, THE CNS BEST PRACTICES DOCUMENT INDICATES THAT, "THE EC, THROUGH THE CNS TREASURER, APPROVES, MONITORS MONTHLY, AND ADJUSTS, AS NEEDED AN ANNUAL BUDGET SUPPORTING ADMINISTRATION AND OPERATIONS AND IS TIED TO PROGRAM OUTCOMES." ADMINISTRATION AND OPERATIONS INCLUDES COMPENSATION. THE CNS EMPLOYEE HANDBOOK NOTES A COMPENSATION, EVALUATION AND DEVELOPMENT POLICY DESCRIBING SALARY REVIEW AND ADJUSTMENT PROCESSES.</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
      <GeneralExplanation>
        <ReturnReference>FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION C, LINE 19</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>BYLAWS AND CONFLICT OF INTEREST POLICY ARE AVAILABLE ON THE WEBSITE. ANNUAL REPORT PROVIDED IN CONGRESS QUARTERLY, WHICH IS DISTRIBUTED TO THE FULL CNS MEMBERSHIP. QUARTERLY CNS TREASURER'S REPORTS DISTRIBUTED TO CNS OFFICERS AND EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE INCLUSIVE OF VOTING MEMBERS.</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
      <GeneralExplanation>
        <Identifier>CHANGES IN NET ASSETS OR FUND BALANCES:</Identifier>
        <ReturnReference>FORM 990, PART XI, LINE 5:</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>NET UNREALIZED LOSSES ON INVESTMENTS: -88,144.</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
    </IRS990ScheduleO>
  </ReturnData>
</Return>