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        <MannerOfCashDisbursement>WIRE TRANS</MannerOfCashDisbursement>
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        <ReturnReference>Schedule F, Part I, Line 2</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>The organization's process for monitoring the use of grant funds whether in the US or internationally starts with the selection criteria for each such award or grant: 1) Research Fellowships are only offered to a "Full" Member for a period of 2 years to support basic and clinical research in the field of transplantation in the laboratory or clinical unit. Full members shall be physicians, surgeons, scientists or other specialists, who are actively engaged in the science or clinical practice of organ, cell and tissue transplantation. Physicians and surgeons shall have advanced training or equivalent experience in the science and practice of organ and tissue transplantation. Non-physicians, including coordinators, statisticians, and policy makers who hold a doctoral degree, a Bachelors degree, or equivalent relevant certification must have professional experience in the field of transplantation with continuing and active involvement in clinical medicine or research, or transplantation public policy as determined by the Membership Committee. The process of limiting research fellowships only to full members allows the organization to ensure the recipients have the proper credentials to use the funds to further the organization's tax exempt purposes. The Fellowships are designed to provide research training for new young investigators with the potential of making a significant contribution to the field of transplantation. 2) Since the Medawar Prize and the recognition awards are only presented to recipients who make outstanding contributions in the field of transplantation, the selection criteria ensure that the investigator(s) receiving these grants are among the most influential in the field of organ transplantation as a result dictate that the funds be used in furtherance of the organization's mission. 3) Travel grants are presented to young investigators or those with financial difficulties who are members of organization. Priority is given to those young investigators under 40 years of age with the first authorship of an accepted abstract (especially those from developing countries). Again the requirement that the recipients be members of the organization and the selection criteria enable the organization to monitor that the funds will be used in accordance with its exempt purpose.</Explanation>
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        <ReturnReference>Description of Organization's Procedures for Monitoring the Use of Grants</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>The organization's process for monitoring the use of grant funds whether in the US or internationally starts with the selection criteria for each such award or grant: 1) Research Fellowships are only offered to a "Full" Member for a period of 2 years to support basic and clinical research in the field of transplantation in the laboratory or clinical unit. Full members shall be physicians, surgeons, scientists or other specialists, who are actively engaged in the science or clinical practice of organ, cell and tissue transplantation. Physicians and surgeons shall have advanced training or equivalent experience in the science and practice of organ and tissue transplantation. Non-physicians, including coordinators, statisticians, and policy makers who hold a doctoral degree, a Bachelors degree, or equivalent relevant certification must have professional experience in the field of transplantation with continuing and active involvement in clinical medicine or research, or transplantation public policy as determined by the Membership Committee. The process of limiting research fellowships only to full members allows the organization to ensure the recipients have the proper credentials to use the funds to further the organization's tax exempt purposes. The Fellowships are designed to provide research training for new young investigators with the potential of making a significant contribution to the field of transplantation. 2) Since the Medawar Prize and the recognition awards are only presented to recipients who make outstanding contributions in the field of transplantation, the selection criteria ensure that the investigator(s) receiving these grants are among the most influential in the field of organ transplantation and as a result dictate that the funds be used in furtherance of the organization's mission. 3) Travel grants are presented to young investigators or those with financial difficulties who are members of organization. Priority is given to those young investigators under 40 years of age with the first authorship of an accepted abstract (especially those from developing countries). Again the requirement that the recipients be members of the organization and the selection criteria enable the organization to monitor that the funds will be used in accordance with its exempt purpose.</Explanation>
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      <GeneralExplanation>
        <Identifier>PROGRAM SERVICE ACCOMPLISHMENTS</Identifier>
        <ReturnReference>FORM 990, PART III, LINES 4A, 4B &amp; 4C</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>LINE 4A PROGRAM AND MAGAZINE PUBLICATIONS INCLUDING WEBSITE DEVELOPMENT AND WEBINARS AVAILABLE TO BOTH MEMBERS AND THE GENERAL PUBLIC - OVER 3,000 DISTRIBUTED DURING THE YEAR. LINE 4B AN INTERNATIONAL FORUM FOR THE WORLD-WIDE ADVANCEMENT OF ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION INCLUDING A FOCUS ON - DEVELOPMENT OF THE SCIENCE AND CLINICAL PRACTICE - SCIENTIFIC COMMUNICATION - CONTINUING EDUCATION - GUIDANCE ON THE ETHICAL PRACTICE OF TRANSPLANTATION. THE ORGANIZATION ACHIEVES THIS FOCUS BY MAKING GRANTS TO SECTION AND REGIONAL SOCIETIES FOR THE PURPOSE OF TRAVEL, RESEARCH FELLOWSHIP, AND RECOGNIZING INDIVIDUALS WHO HAVE MADE OUTSTANDING CONTRIBUTIONS IN TRANSPLANTATION. THE PRIMARY AWARDS AND GRANTS ARE: 1) THE MEDAWAR PRIZE, NAMED AFTER SOCIETY CO-FOUNDER SIR PETER MEDAWAR, IS RECOGNIZED AS THE WORLD'S HIGHEST DEDICATED AWARD FOR THE MOST OUTSTANDING CONTRIBUTIONS IN THE FIELD OF TRANSPLANTATION. THE MEDAWAR PRIZE HAS BEEN AWARDED TO TWO OR MORE RECIPIENTS AT EACH OF THE ORGANIZATION'S BIENNIAL CONGRESSES SINCE 1990. THE AWARD IS MADE POSSIBLE BY A CONTINUING GENEROUS GRANT FROM NOVARTIS PHARMA AG WHO AGREED THAT A PRESTIGIOUS PRIZE BE ESTABLISHED AND MAINTAINED TO RECOGNIZE THE OUTSTANDING INVESTIGATORS WHOSE CONTRIBUTIONS HAVE HAD SUCH A PROFOUND INFLUENCE ON THE FIELD OF ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION. THE MEDAWAR PRIZE IS UNIVERSALLY CONSIDERED TO BE COMMENSURATE WITH THE MOST OUTSTANDING WORLD PRIZES FOR SCIENTIFIC ACHIEVEMENT. 2) TTS RESEARCH FELLOWSHIPS ARE OFFERED FOR A PERIOD OF 2 YEARS TO SUPPORT BASIC AND CLINICAL RESEARCH IN THE FIELD OF TRANSPLANTATION IN THE LABORATORY OR CLINICAL UNIT OF A FULL TTS MEMBER. THE FELLOWSHIPS ARE DESIGNED TO PROVIDE RESEARCH TRAINING FOR NEW YOUNG INVESTIGATORS WITH THE POTENTIAL OF MAKING A SIGNIFICANT CONTRIBUTION TO THE FIELD OF TRANSPLANTATION. 3) TRAVEL GRANTS FOR YOUNG INVESTIGATORS AND FOR THOSE WITH FINANCIAL DIFFICULTIES WHO ARE MEMBERS OF THE ORGANIZATION. LINE 4C EVENTS HELD IN A VARIETY OF GLOBAL VENUES WHERE MEMBERS OF THE COMMUNITY ARE BROUGHT TOGETHER TO DISCUSS ADVANCEMENTS IN ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION. ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION IS A SUCCESSFUL THERAPY FOR END STAGE ORGAN FAILURE OF THE KIDNEY, LIVER, HEART, LUNG, PANCREAS AND INTESTINE. TRANSPLANTATION OF CELLS AND TISSUES ALSO TRANSFORMED THE THERAPEUTIC OPTIONS FOR PATIENTS WITH MALIGNANT HAEMATOLOGICAL DISEASE, EYE DISEASE AND ORTHOPAEDIC DISEASE, AND HAS THE POTENTIAL TO ALTER SIGNIFICANTLY THE THERAPEUTIC OPTIONS FOR PATIENTS WITH DIABETES AND A RANGE OF DISORDERS. THE ACCESS OF PATIENTS TO TRANSPLANTATION THERAPY VARIES WIDELY ACROSS THE GLOBE, PARTLY DETERMINED BY THE UNDERLYING LEVEL OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN DIFFERENT STATES AND PARTLY DETERMINED BY OTHER FACTORS SUCH AS THE AVAILABILITY OF ORGAN, CELL AND TISSUE DONORS, OR THE SPECIALIZED PROVISION OF HEALTH SERVICES. THE ORGANIZATION HAS DETERMINED THAT IT WILL SEEK TO ADDRESS GLOBAL INEQUITIES IN TRANSPLANTATION THERAPY, IN ORDER TO FACILITATE APPROPRIATE ACCESS TO TRANSPLANTATION FOR ALL PATIENTS WHO WOULD BENEFIT.</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
      <GeneralExplanation>
        <Identifier>ORGANIZATION'S MEMBERS</Identifier>
        <ReturnReference>FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION A, LINE 6</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>THE ORGANIZATION DOES NOT HAVE STOCKHOLDERS BUT DOES HAVE 5 CATEGORIES OF MEMBERS: 1) FULL MEMBERS WHICH MUST BE PHYSICIANS, SURGEONS, SCIENTISTS OR OTHER SPECIALISTS, WHO ARE ACTIVELY ENGAGED IN THE SCIENCE OR CLINICAL PRACTICE OF ORGAN, CELL OR TISSUE TRANSPLANTATION. 2) TRAINEE MEMBERS SHALL INCLUDE INDIVIDUALS ENROLLED IN PRE OR POSTDOCTORAL TRAINING PROGRAMS RELEVANT TO THE SCIENCE AND CLINICAL PRACTICE OF ORGAN, CELL OR TISSUE TRANSPLANTATION, AND INDIVIDUALS WHO HAVE COMPLETED THEIR TRAINING BUT HAVE NOT YET QUALIFIED FOR FULL MEMBERSHIP. TRAINEE MEMBERS MAY NOT VOTE OR HOLD OFFICE ON THE COUNCIL BUT MAY SERVE ON THE COMMITTEES. 3) EMERITUS MEMBERS SHALL BE FULL MEMBERS WHO HAVE ATTAINED THE AGE OF 65 OR HAVE RETIRED FROM PRACTICE IN THE FIELD OF TRANPLANTATION AND WHO FORMALLY REQUESTED EMERITUS MEMBERSHIP. EMERITUS MEMBERS MAY NOT VOTE OR HOLD OFFICE ON THE COUNCIL BUT MAY SERVE ON THE COMMITTEES AND SHALL BE EXEMPT FROM PAYMENT OF ANNUAL MEMBERSHIP DUES. 4) ASSOCIATE MEMBERS SHALL INCLUDE INDIVIDUALS WHO HAVE DEMONSTRATED A SUSTAINED AND CONTINUED INTEREST IN THE FIELD OF TRANSPLANTATION BUT WHO DO NOT QUALIFY FOR FULL OR TRAINEE MEMBERSHIP. THESE INDIVIDUALS MAY NOT VOTE, HOLD OFFICE, OR SERVE ON COMMITTEES BUT WILL HAVE ALL OTHER SOCIETAL PRIVILEGES (I.E. PHARMACEUTICAL REPRESENTATIVES). 5) HONORARY MEMBERS SHALL BE INVITED TO BECOME HONORARY MEMBERS BY THE COUNCIL OF THE SOCIETY AND SHALL BE INDIVIDUALS WITH A DISTINGUISHED RECORD IN TRANSPLANTATION IRRESPECTIVE OF PROFESSIONAL DISCIPLINE. HONORARY MEMBERS SHALL NOT HAVE THE RIGHT TO VOTE OR HOLD OFFICE ON THE COUNCIL AND SHALL BE EXEMPT FROM PAYMENT OF ANNUAL MEMBERSHIP DUES. A PERSON MAY APPLY TO BECOME A MEMBER BY SUBMITTING A COMPLETED APPLICATION ALONG WITH THE NECESSARY DOCUMENTATION AND THE WRITTEN RECOMMENDATION OF TWO MEMBERS. THE COUNCIL BY A VOTE OF A MAJORITY OF ITS MEMBERS SHALL APPROVE AND ELECT THE MEMBERS.</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
      <GeneralExplanation>
        <Identifier>ELECTION OF GOVERNING BODY &amp; DECISIONS OF GOVERNING BODY</Identifier>
        <ReturnReference>FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION A, LINE 7A &amp; 7B</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>PART VI, QUESTION 7A - THE ORGANIZATION DOES HAVE MEMBERS WHO MAY ELECT MEMBERS OF THE GOVERNING BODY. IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE TERMS AND REQUIREMENTS OF ITS GOVERNING DOCUMENTS (I.E. BYLAWS), THE PRESIDENT, PRESIDENT-ELECT, AND PAST PRESIDENT SHALL SERVE FOR 2 YEARS; THE VICE PRESIDENT, THE SECRETARY, AND THE TREASURERS SHALL NORMALLY SERVE FOR 4 YEARS. THE FULL MEMBERS (AS DESCRIBED IN SCHEDULE O DESCRIPTION FOR PART VI, QUESTION 6)RECEIVE ELECTION BALLOTS TO ELECT THESE BOARD OF DIRECTOR POSITIONS. PART VI, QUESTION 7B - CERTAIN DECISIONS OF THE GOVERNING BODY ARE SUBJECT TO THE APPROVAL OF THE MEMBERS. IN ADDITION TO THE PRESIDENT, PRESIDENT-ELECT, PAST PRESIDENT, THE VICE PRESIDENT, THE SECRETARY, THE TREASURERS, AND THE DIRECTOR OF MEDICAL AFFAIRS, TWELVE COUNCILORS-AT-LARGE REPRESENTING NORTH AMERICA, LATIN AMERICA, EUROPE, ASIA, AFRICA/MIDDLE EAST, AND OCEANIA SHALL SERVE AS THE COUNCIL OF THE SOCIETY, THUS CONSISTING OF TWENTY PERSONS. ANY MAJOR DECISIONS OF THE ORGANIZATION MUST BE APPROVED BY MAJORITY VOTE BY THIS COUNCIL. THIS COUNCIL APPOINTS FULL MEMBERS TO SERVE ON STANDING OR SPECIAL COMMITTEES FROM TIME TO TIME TO DO SUCH THINGS AND HAVE SUCH POWERS AND SERVE UPON SUCH TERMS AS THE RESOLUTION ESTABLISHING THE COMMITTEE SHALL PROVIDE. ACTIONS OF ALL COMMITTEES SHALL BE SUBJECT TO REVIEW AND APPROVAL BY THE COUNCIL.</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
      <GeneralExplanation>
        <Identifier>REVIEW PROCESS FOR FORM 990</Identifier>
        <ReturnReference>FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 11B</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>BEFORE THE FORM 990 IS FILED IT IS REVIEWED BY THE ORGANIZATION'S TREASURER AND THE PRESIDENT IN CONSULTATION WITH THE ORGANIZATION'S TAX ADVISORS, ERNST AND YOUNG, LLP. THE FINANCIAL REVIEW IS BASED ON THE ORGANIZATION'S COMPILED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE RELEVANT TIME PERIOD. A COPY OF FORM 990 IS PROVIDED TO THE ORGANIZATION'S FULL BOARD OF DIRECTORS.</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
      <GeneralExplanation>
        <Identifier>CONFLICT OF INTEREST POLICY</Identifier>
        <ReturnReference>FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 12C</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>THE ORGANIZATION HIRES A THIRD PARTY PROVIDER TO REGULARLY AND CONSISTENTLY MONITOR AND ENFORCE THE CONFLICT OF INTEREST POLICY. UPON EMPLOYMENT AND ANNUALLY THEREAFTER EACH KEY EMPLOYEE AND OFFICER OF THE ORGANIZATION IS REQUIRED TO COMPLETE A CONFLICT OF INTEREST AND DISCLOSURE FORM, PROVIDING SUFFICIENT INFORMATION ABOUT HIS/HER PERSONAL INTERESTS AND RELATIONSHIPS SO THE THIRD PARTY PROVIDER CAN (1) DETERMINE WHETHER ANY POTENTIAL OR ACTUAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST MAY EXIST, AND (2) MONITOR WORK OR SERVICE ASSIGNMENTS TO AVOID PLACING THE KEY EMPLOYEE, OFFICER OR DIRECTOR IN A POSITION WHERE THERE MAY BE AN APPEARANCE, POTENTIAL OR ACTUAL, OF A CONFLICT OF INTEREST OR A QUESTION OF OBJECTIVITY.</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
      <GeneralExplanation>
        <Identifier>COMPENSATION APPROVAL PROCESS</Identifier>
        <ReturnReference>FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 15A &amp; 15B</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>ON AN ANNUAL BASIS, THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS EVALUATES AND APPROVES THE CURRENT SALARY OF THE ORGANIZATION'S PRESIDENT AND OTHER OFFICERS. THIS EVALUATION PROCESS INCLUDES A REVIEW OF COMPARABLE DATA FOR THE POSITION OF DIRECTOR OF MEDICAL AFFAIRS FROM TAX EXEMPT ORGANIZATIONS IN THE MARKET WITH SIMILAR SIZE, DEMOGRAPHICS AND GEOGRAPHY.</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
      <GeneralExplanation>
        <Identifier>AVAILABILITY OF DOCUMENTS TO THE PUBLIC</Identifier>
        <ReturnReference>FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION C, LIN 19</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>THE ORGANIZATION'S FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, GOVERNING DOCUMENTS AND CONFLICT OF INTEREST POLICY ARE AVAILABLE UPON REQUEST.</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
      <GeneralExplanation>
        <Identifier>OTHER CHANGES IN NET ASSETS OR FUND BALANCE</Identifier>
        <ReturnReference>FORM 990, PART XI, LINE 9</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>BEGINNING OF YEAR NET ASSETS OF DIVISIONS OF TTS TREATED AS SEPARATE ENTITIES FROM TTS $(574,708) FOREIGN EXCHANGE TRANSLATION ADJUSTMENT 130,978 ---------- $(443,730) ==========</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
    </IRS990ScheduleO>
  </ReturnData>
</Return>