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      <GeneralExplanation>
        <Identifier>STATEMENT OF ORGANIZATION'S PRIMARY EXEMPT PURPOSE STATEMENT</Identifier>
        <ReturnReference>FORM 990, PART III, LINE 1, DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATION MISSION:</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>THE FOUNDATION FOR THE NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH WAS ESTABLISHED BY THE UNITED STATES CONGRESS TO SUPPORT THE NIH IN ITS MISSION TO IMPROVE HEALTH, BY FORMING AND FACILITATING PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS FOR BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING. THE FOUNDATION BUILDS PARTNERSHIP FOR DISCOVERY AND INNOVATION TO IMPROVE HEALTH. IN 2012, OUR PORTFOLIO OF WORK EMBRACED A BROAD CONSTELLATION OF PARTNERS FROM MANY INSTITUTES AND CENTERS WITHIN THE NIH, FROM THE NONPROFIT SECTOR AS WELL AS THE PRIVATE SECTOR, INCLUDING PHARMACEUTICAL, TECHNOLOGY, RETAIL, AND FOOD AND BEVERAGE INDUSTRIES AND FROM ORGANIZATIONS AS DIVERSE AS THE NATIONAL FOOTBALL LEAGUE AND GOOGLE.</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
      <GeneralExplanation>
        <Identifier>PROGRAM ONE: RESEARCH PARTNERSHIPS</Identifier>
        <ReturnReference>FORM 990, PART III, LINE 4A, PROGRAM SERVICE ACCOMPLISHMENTS:</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>IN 2012, FNIH PROGRAMS ENCOMPASSED A BROAD SPECTRUM OF BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH - FROM PRECISE, INNOVATIVE FUNDAMENTAL WORK TO UNDERSTAND DISEASE AND ITS PROGRESSION, TO CLINICAL AND FIELD TRIALS TO EVALUATE POTENTIAL NEW THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS, TO LARGE-SCALE METHODS TO MONITOR THE EFFECTS OF EXISTING MEDICINES. THROUGH FNIH, PRIVATE-SECTOR ORGANIZATIONS WITH AN INTEREST IN A DISEASE OR A NEW TECHNOLOGY CAN TEAM UP WITH THE NIH TO ACCELERATE THE PATHWAY FROM COLLABORATION TO INNOVATION. SPORTS AND HEALTH RESEARCH PROGRAM WITH A $30 MILLION DONATION, THE NATIONAL FOOTBALL LEAGUE BECAME THE FOUNDING PARTNER OF THE FNIH'S NEW SPORTS AND HEALTH RESEARCH PROGRAM. WHILE SPECIFIC INITIATIVES HAVE YET TO BE FINALIZED, POTENTIAL AREAS OF RESEARCH INCLUDE BRAIN INJURY, SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH, HEAT AND HYDRATION-RELATED ILLNESS, JOINT DISEASE, HEALTH EFFECTS OF PERFORMANCE-ENHANCING SUBSTANCES AND CHRONIC PAIN. TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY (TBI) IS AN IMPORTANT AREA OF INTEREST FOR PROFESSIONAL FOOTBALL AND OTHER CONTACT SPORTS, AND RESEARCH TO BETTER UNDERSTAND WAYS TO RECOGNIZE AND PREVENT BRAIN INJURY IS A MAJOR FOCUS OF DISCUSSIONS WITHIN THIS NEW PROGRAM. THE IMPACT OF RESEARCH ON BRAIN INJURY WILL EXTEND FAR BEYOND THE NFL, AS TBI IS THE SIGNATURE WOUND OF SOLDIERS FIGHTING IN IRAQ AND AFGHANISTAN AND EACH YEAR, ACROSS AMERICA, AN ESTIMATED 1.7 MILLION PEOPLE SUFFER A BRAIN INJURY DUE TO TRAUMA. THE SPORTS AND HEALTH RESEARCH PROGRAM AIMS TO ATTRACT FUNDING FROM OTHER DONORS, INCLUDING ADDITIONAL SPORTS ORGANIZATIONS. THE FOUNDING GRANT REPRESENTS THE NFL'S SINGLE LARGEST DONATION TO ANY ORGANIZATION IN THE LEAGUE'S 92 YEARS. BIOMARKERS CONSORTIUM A WIDE-RANGING INITIATIVE TO ADVANCE PERSONALIZED MEDICINE, THE BIOMARKERS CONSORTIUM WORKS TO IDENTIFY MEASURABLE INDICATORS OF BIOLOGICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL PROCESSES TO PREDICT, PREVENT AND TREAT DISEASE. AMONG THE PROJECTS UNDERWAY ARE: I-SPY 2 WOMEN NEWLY DIAGNOSED WITH AGGRESSIVE BREAST CANCER SHOULD HAVE MORE RAPID ACCESS TO PROMISING THERAPIES THANKS TO NEW FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION (FDA) DRAFT GUIDELINES (OR GUIDANCE) BASED ON THE FNIH I-SPY 2 STUDY. I-SPY 2, A PROJECT OF THE BIOMARKERS CONSORTIUM, IS PIONEERING A NOVEL PROTOCOL TO TEST AND GAIN APPROVAL FOR NEW DRUGS, A PROCESS THAT IS NOTORIOUSLY SLOW AND EXPENSIVE. CURRENTLY, IT CAN TAKE MORE THAN A DECADE TO BRING A NEW CANCER DRUG TO MARKET AT A COST OF MORE THAN $1 BILLION-TIME MANY BREAST CANCER PATIENTS SIMPLY DO NOT HAVE. THE TRIAL'S APPROACH IS GROUNDBREAKING IN TWO WAYS: FIRST, IT IS SCREENING VARIOUS POTENTIAL NEW DRUGS WITHIN THE SAME STUDY; AS THESE CANDIDATE DRUGS ARE MOVED OUT - EITHER FOR NEXT-STAGE TESTING OR BECAUSE THEY FAIL - NEW ONES ARE INTRODUCED. SECOND, INSTEAD OF A ONE-SIZE-FITS-ALL TRIAL, CANDIDATE DRUGS ARE ASSIGNED TO PATIENTS BASED ON THE SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THEIR TUMOR. THE DRAFT FDA GUIDANCE ON THE SUBJECT SUGGESTS THAT ONCE THESE NEW DRUGS HAVE SHOWN CLINICAL BENEFIT IN THE I-SPY 2 MODEL, THEY SHOULD BE ELIGIBLE FOR ACCELERATED REGULATORY APPROVAL FOLLOWING A CONFIRMATORY TRIAL. THE I-SPY MODEL CUTS IN HALF THE TIME IT NORMALLY WOULD TAKE TO BRING A DRUG TO MARKET AND CAN DRAMATICALLY LOWER THE COSTS. CONSENSUS DEFINITION OF CLINICALLY IMPORTANT SARCOPENIA THIS BIOMARKERS PROJECT TEAM HAS COMPLETED ITS WORK IN ADVANCING THE FIRST EVIDENCE-BASED DEFINITION OF SARCOPENIA (MUSCLE WEAKNESS), A CONDITION THAT RESULTS IN SERIOUS CONSEQUENCES SUCH AS DISABILITY AND INCREASED MORTALITY. IN THE FIRST PHASE OF THE PROJECT, SIX PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS ANALYZED POOLED DATA FROM CLINICAL TRIALS AND LARGE OBSERVATIONAL STUDIES, SUCH AS THE HEALTH ABC AND FRAMINGHAM STUDIES. THEIR FINDINGS, REPORTED AT A FOUR-DAY SARCOPENIA CONSENSUS SUMMIT IN MAY, ARE BEING READIED FOR PUBLICATION. THE NEW DEFINITION WILL ASSIST RESEARCHERS, CLINICIANS AND REGULATORS IN DIAGNOSING SARCOPENIA AND THE CONSENSUS-BUILDING PROCESS WILL SERVE AS A MODEL FOR ARTICULATING OTHER EVIDENCE-BASED DEFINITIONS OF GERIATRIC HEALTH PROBLEMS. ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE NEUROIMAGING INITIATIVE 2 NOW IN ITS EIGHTH YEAR, THE ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE NEUROIMAGING INITIATIVE (ADNI) IS THE LARGEST PUBLIC-PRIVATE BRAIN RESEARCH PARTNERSHIP TO DATE, WITH 28 PRIVATE PARTNERS COORDINATED BY THE FNIH. IT REMAINS THE GOLD STANDARD FOR HOW SUCH PARTNERSHIPS CAN ADVANCE BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH. ADNI DATA, COLLECTED ON THE STUDY'S 1,500 PARTICIPANTS, IS PLACED IN THE SCIENTIFIC PUBLIC DOMAIN TO ENCOURAGE ITS USE BY THE BROADEST RANGE OF INVESTIGATORS POSSIBLE. THE ACCOMPLISHMENTS FROM THIS PROGRAM CONTINUE TO INFORM DEVELOPMENT OF NEW THERAPIES AS WELL AS INFLUENCE ADDITIONAL STUDIES. UNDER THE ORGANIZATION OF THE ALZHEIMER'S ASSOCIATION'S WORLD-WIDE ADNI, SIMILAR WORK IS BEING CARRIED OUT IN ARGENTINA, CHINA, EUROPE, JAPAN, AUSTRALIA, TAIWAN AND SOUTH KOREA. BUILDING ON THE SUCCESS OF THE PROGRAM, ADNI HAS GARNERED ADDITIONAL SUPPORT FROM THE BRIN WOJCICKI FOUNDATION AND THE ALZHEIMER'S ASSOCIATION TO CONDUCT WHOLE GENOME SEQUENCING ON 818 STUDY PARTICIPANTS. THIS EFFORT WILL EXPONENTIALLY INCREASE THE AMOUNT OF GENETIC DATA AVAILABLE TO INVESTIGATORS, LIKELY HIGHLIGHTING A WEALTH OF NEW TARGETS FOR RISK ASSESSMENT, INSIGHTS AND THERAPIES. COMPLEMENTARY TO THE SCOPE OF ADNI, THE PROGRAM'S INVESTIGATORS HAVE RECEIVED SUPPORT FROM THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE TO FOLLOW 300 VIETNAM VETERANS, AGED BETWEEN 60 AND 90 YEARS OLD, TO STUDY WHETHER TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY AND/OR POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER - BOTH COMMON BATTLEFIELD INJURIES - INCREASE THE RISK OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE LATER IN LIFE. SPIROMICS ALTHOUGH IT IS THE THIRD-LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH IN THE UNITED STATES, AFFECTING AS MANY AS 24 MILLION PEOPLE, CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) IS STILL POORLY UNDERSTOOD AND TREATMENT OPTIONS ARE LIMITED. SPRIROMICS, OR SUBPOPULATIONS AND INTERMEDIATE OUTCOME MEASURES IN COPD STUDY, IS AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY WITH TWO MAIN GOALS. THE FIRST IS TO IDENTIFY SUBPOPULATIONS OF COPD PATIENTS THAT SHARE COMMON CHARACTERISTICS. THE SECOND IS TO IDENTIFY BIOMARKERS THAT WILL ENABLE BETTER TRACKING OF THE DISEASE'S PROGRESSION. TOGETHER, THESE EFFORTS SHOULD IMPROVE THE ABILITY OF CLINICAL TRIALS TO DETERMINE WHETHER PARTICULAR THERAPIES ARE WORKING. SIX UNIVERSITY CLINICAL CENTERS ARE WORKING IN PARTNERSHIP WITH THE NATIONAL HEART, LUNG AND BLOOD INSTITUTE TO FOLLOW 3,000 COPD SUFFERERS. OBSERVATIONAL MEDICAL OUTCOMES PARTNERSHIP AMERICA'S DRUG-APPROVAL PROCESS HAS SET THE GLOBAL STANDARD FOR RIGOROUS SAFETY AND EFFECTIVENESS REVIEW, BUT EVEN WITH CLINICAL TRIALS AND OTHER SAFEGUARDS, IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO FULLY UNDERSTAND THE IMPACT OF ANY PARTICULAR MEDICAL INTERVENTION UNTIL IT IS WIDELY USED. ONCE DRUGS ARE ON THE MARKET, RESEARCHERS CONTINUE TO STUDY THEM TO IDENTIFY SAFETY ISSUES AND POTENTIAL UNANTICIPATED BENEFITS. IN 2007, RECOGNIZING THAT THE INCREASED USE OF ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORDS AND AVAILABILITY OF OTHER LARGE SETS OF HEALTH DATA PROVIDED NEW LEARNING OPPORTUNITIES, CONGRESS DIRECTED THE FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION (FDA) TO CREATE A NEW DRUG SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM TO MORE AGGRESSIVELY IDENTIFY POTENTIAL SAFETY ISSUES. IN RESPONSE, TOGETHER WITH PHRMA AND THE FDA, FNIH LAUNCHED THE OBSERVATIONAL MEDICAL OUTCOMES PARTNERSHIP (OMOP). THIS INTERDISCIPLINARY, PUBLIC-PRIVATE RESEARCH GROUP IS ENGAGED IN IDENTIFYING THE MOST RELIABLE METHODS FOR ANALYZING HUGE VOLUMES OF DATA DRAWN FROM HETEROGENEOUS SOURCES TO IDENTIFY DRUG SAFETY ISSUES. OVER THE COURSE OF 2011 AND 2012, RESEARCH YIELDED GREATER CONFIDENCE THAT PARTICULAR METHODS USED WITH SPECIFIC TYPES OF DATA CAN RELIABLY IDENTIFY CORRELATIONS BETWEEN INDIVIDUAL MEDICAL INTERVENTIONS AND SPECIFIC HEALTH OUTCOMES. AS EXPERIMENTS CONTINUE TO PROVIDE GREATER UNDERSTANDING OF HOW HEALTH CARE DATA CAN BE ANALYZED EFFECTIVELY, OMOP WILL CONTINUE TO EVALUATE HOW LARGE-SCALE EMPIRICAL EXPERIMENTS CAN BE REFINED FOR MAXIMUM CLINICAL BENEFIT AND IMPROVED DECISION-MAKING.</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
      <GeneralExplanation>
        <Explanation>GLOBAL HEALTH COLLABORATING WITH ORGANIZATIONS AROUND THE WORLD, FNIH FURTHERS THE UNDERSTANDING AND CONTROL OF DISEASES THAT SICKEN AND KILL HUNDREDS OF MILLIONS OF PEOPLE EVERY YEAR. WORKING IN THE U.S. AND INTERNATIONALLY, FNIH-FUNDED INVESTIGATORS ARE MAKING STRIDES AGAINST LIFE-THREATENING DISEASES INCLUDING MALARIA, DENGUE, TUBERCULOSIS, ENTERIC INFECTIONS AND MALNUTRITION. GRAND CHALLENGES IN GLOBAL HEALTH THE GRAND CHALLENGES IN GLOBAL HEALTH (GCGH) IS A PARTNERSHIP WITH THE BILL &amp; MELINDA GATES FOUNDATION THAT FOSTERS INNOVATIVE RESEARCH TO ADDRESS SCIENTIFIC OBSTACLES THAT BLOCK PROGRESS AGAINST DISEASES PROMINENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES. FNIH IS INVOLVED WITH SEVERAL GROUNDBREAKING COMPONENTS OF THE PROGRAM. THE VECTOR-BASED CONTROL OF TRANSMISSION: DISCOVERY RESEARCH (VCTR) PROGRAM IS AN EXTENSION OF GCGH FOCUSED ON DEVELOPMENT OF BIOLOGIC, GENETIC OR CHEMICAL STRATEGIES TO CONTROL MOSQUITO-BORNE DISEASES. IN 2012, TESTING OF A PROMISING DENGUE CONTROL TECHNOLOGY THAT ORIGINATED IN AUSTRALIA WAS EXPANDED TO ADDITIONAL FIELD SITES IN BRAZIL AND VIETNAM. RESEARCHERS ARE WORKING TO INHIBIT THE TRANSMISSION OF DENGUE VIRUS THROUGH A BIOCONTROL METHOD - INFECTING THE AEDES MOSQUITOES THAT SPREAD THE DISEASE WITH A BACTERIUM THAT REDUCES VIRAL REPLICATION IN THE MOSQUITO AND, CONSEQUENTLY, THE AMOUNT OF VIRUS PRESENT IN THE INSECTS' SALIVA TO BE PASSED ON WHEN IT BITES. AUSTRALIAN FIELD TRIALS CONTINUE TO COMPARE THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT STRAINS OF WOLBACHIA BACTERIA ON VIRAL DEVELOPMENT WITHIN THE MOSQUITOES AS A MARKER TO PREDICT EFFECTS ON DENGUE TRANSMISSION. INVESTIGATORS IN SEVERAL AFRICAN COUNTRIES JOINED A CONSORTIUM WORKING ON A NEW GENETIC METHOD TO DECREASE THE SPREAD OF MALARIA. THE RESEARCHERS ARE DEVELOPING WAYS OF INSERTING AN ENZYME INTO ANOPHELES MOSQUITOES THAT CARRY THE DISEASE. THE ENZYME WILL BE TARGETED TO INACTIVATE A GENE REQUIRED FOR MOSQUITO REPRODUCTION. BY INHIBITING THEIR CAPACITY TO REPRODUCE, THE SCIENTISTS AIM TO REDUCE MOSQUITO NUMBERS BELOW THE LEVEL NECESSARY TO MAINTAIN MALARIA TRANSMISSION. A COMPLETELY DIFFERENT APPROACH TO INTERRUPTING MALARIA TRANSMISSION BRINGS ACADEMIC AND INDUSTRY RESEARCHERS TOGETHER TO SCREEN AND TEST HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS OF COMPOUNDS FOR THEIR POTENTIAL EFFECTS ON MOSQUITO HOST-SEEKING BEHAVIOR. SEVERAL OF THE MOST EFFECTIVE COMPOUNDS ARE ALREADY BEING PURSUED FOR FURTHER DEVELOPMENT, WITH THE GOAL OF CREATING BETTER REPELLENTS. ETIOLOGY, RISK FACTORS &amp; INTERACTIONS OF ENTERIC INFECTIONS AND MALNUTRITION AND THE CONSEQUENCES FOR CHILD HEALTH &amp; DEVELOPMENT (MAL-ED) THIS PARTNERSHIP WITH THE BILL &amp; MELINDA GATES FOUNDATION AND THE FOGARTY INTERNATIONAL CENTER AT NIH, IS DESIGNED TO INCREASE UNDERSTANDING OF THE COMPLEX INTERACTIONS AMONG ENTERIC INFECTIONS AND MALNUTRITION AND THEIR ASSOCIATION WITH IMPAIRED GROWTH AND COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT AND POOR VACCINE EFFICACY IN YOUNG CHILDREN. IN FEBRUARY 2012, ENROLLMENT WAS COMPLETED IN A LARGE BIRTH COHORT STUDY. RESEARCHERS ARE MONITORING NEARLY 2,000 CHILDREN - ACROSS EIGHT FIELD SITES IN RURAL AND URBAN SETTINGS ON THREE CONTINENTS - THROUGH THEIR FIRST TWO YEARS OF LIFE. THEY ARE COLLECTING AND TESTING A VARIETY OF BIOSPECIMENS TO IDENTIFY SPECIFIC RISK FACTORS FOR GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT SHORTFALLS. EARLY DATA SUGGEST INTRIGUING DIFFERENCES AND SIMILARITIES AMONG THE SITES - VALUABLE INSIGHTS THAT WILL INFORM THE DESIGN OF APPROPRIATE INTERVENTIONS. IDENTIFICATION OF HIGH-QUALITY HITS FOR TUBERCULOSIS (HIT-TB) THIS PARTNERSHIP WITH THE BILL &amp; MELINDA GATES FOUNDATION AND THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES (NIAID), SCREENS CHEMICAL LIBRARIES TO IDENTIFY MOLECULES THAT COULD LEAD TO BETTER DRUGS AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS. HIV/AIDS VACCINE DEVELOPMENT FNIH SERVES AS THE PRIMARY AWARDEE FOR THREE RESEARCH PROJECTS THAT ARE PART OF THE BILL &amp; MELINDA GATES FOUNDATION'S COLLABORATION FOR AIDS VACCINE DISCOVERY (CAVD). ON EACH PROJECT, THE VACCINE RESEARCH CENTER AT NIAID WORKS IN COLLABORATION WITH OTHER INSTITUTIONS TO DEVELOP NEW VACCINES TO PREVENT HIV/AIDS. IN 2012, PARTNERS AT THE VACCINE RESEARCH CENTER MADE SIGNIFICANT PROGRESS IN CHARACTERIZING T AND B CELL VACCINE RESPONSES. A NEW TECHNOLOGY (FLUIDIGM) ALLOWS RAPID AND ECONOMICAL SCREENING OF HUNDREDS OF SINGLE CELLS FOR MANY DIFFERENT MARKERS, FACILITATING A MORE PRECISE UNDERSTANDING OF AN INDIVIDUAL'S IMMUNE STATUS. THIS ADVANCE HOLDS GREAT PROMISE FOR EXPANDING THE ABILITY TO MONITOR IMMUNE RESPONSES TO VACCINATION OR INFECTION. DISCUSSIONS WITH THE FDA HAVE ADVANCED PLANNING FOR A PROOF-OF-CONCEPT CLINICAL TRIAL WITH THE POTENTIAL TO EXPEDITE REGULATORY REVIEW OF SYNTHETICALLY DESIGNED VACCINE INSERTS. THIS THREE-ARMED TRIAL WILL COMPARE WILD-TYPE HIV ENV VACCINE CONSTRUCTS WITH MOSAIC AND CONSENSUS CONSTRUCTS TO DETERMINE RELATIVE SAFETY AND EFFICACY. THIS APPROACH WILL FACILITATE THE DESIGN OF BROADLY PROTECTIVE HIV VACCINES.</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
      <GeneralExplanation>
        <Identifier>PROGRAM TWO: FELLOWSHIPS AND TRAINING PROGRAMS</Identifier>
        <ReturnReference>FORM 990, PART III, LINE 4B, OTHER PROGRAM SERVICES:</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>WHILE TECHNOLOGY PLAYS AN INCREASINGLY VITAL ROLE IN ADVANCING HUMAN HEALTH, PROGRESS IS IMPOSSIBLE WITHOUT A NEW GENERATION OF CAPABLE AND CURIOUS RESEARCHERS. FNIH PROGRAMS IN VARIOUS FORMATS TARGET A WIDE ARRAY OF TOPICS AND EDUCATION LEVELS, MAKING THE WORLD-CLASS METHODS AND RESOURCES OF THE NIH AVAILABLE TO STUDENTS AND RESEARCHERS ALL OVER THE WORLD. MEDICAL RESEARCH SCHOLARS PROGRAM THE INAUGURAL CLASS OF THE MEDICAL RESEARCH SCHOLARS PROGRAM BEGAN TRAINING ON THE NIH CAMPUS LAST FALL. THE PROGRAM WELCOMED 45 OF THE BEST AND BRIGHTEST YOUNG RESEARCHERS FROM 34 MEDICAL, DENTAL AND VETERINARY SCHOOLS ACROSS THE COUNTRY. DURING THE YEAR-LONG PROGRAM, THE STUDENTS CONDUCT BASIC, TRANSLATIONAL OR CLINICAL RESEARCH IN A FIELD OF THEIR CHOICE, GUIDED BY A MENTOR AND A TUTOR. TO FOSTER THE NEXT GENERATION OF MEDICAL RESEARCHERS AND CLINICIAN-SCIENTISTS COMMITTED TO TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH AND THE PROMISE IT HOLDS FOR THE CONQUEST OF DISEASE, THE PROGRAM IMMERSES STUDENTS IN THE FULL CONTINUUM OF BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH EARLY IN THEIR CAREER TRAINING. IN ADDITION TO THEIR RESEARCH WORK, STUDENTS COMPLETE AN ACADEMIC CURRICULUM AND INTERACT WITH NIH SCIENTIFIC LEADERS - INSTITUTE DIRECTORS, CLINICAL DIRECTORS AND ESTABLISHED INVESTIGATORS. THE PROGRAM MERGES AND BUILDS ON TWO EARLIER, HIGHLY SUCCESSFUL TRAINING PROGRAMS, THE HOWARD HUGHES MEDICAL INSTITUTE-NIH RESEARCH SCHOLARS PROGRAM AND THE CLINICAL RESEARCH TRAINING PROGRAM. THE GOAL IS TO SUPPORT 70 SCHOLARS EACH YEAR. HUMAN GENOME EXHIBITION EMPLOYING THE WORLD-RENOWNED EXPERTISE OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION TO INTERPRET COMPLEX CONCEPTS FOR THE GENERAL PUBLIC, A NEW EXHIBITION WILL TELL THE STORY OF THE DISCOVERY OF THE HUMAN GENOME. AN FNIH PARTNERSHIP WITH THE NATIONAL HUMAN GENOME RESEARCH INSTITUTE AND THE NATIONAL MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY, THE INTERACTIVE EXHIBIT WILL OPEN IN JUNE OF 2013 - THE 10TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE MAPPING OF THE HUMAN GENOME AND THE 60TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE DISCOVERY OF THE DOUBLE-HELIX STRUCTURE OF DNA. ONE OF THE GREAT FEATS OF EXPLORATION IN HISTORY, THE HUMAN GENOME PROJECT UNLOCKED A NEW DIMENSION IN SCIENCE AND HEALTHCARE - YET IT REMAINS LARGELY INSCRUTABLE TO THE GENERAL PUBLIC. ACCOMPANIED BY A DYNAMIC EDUCATION AND OUTREACH PROGRAM, THE HANDS-ON EXHIBIT WILL TRACE THE HISTORY OF THE PROJECT AND REVEAL THE ENORMOUS IMPACT GENOMICS HAS HAD ON INDIVIDUALS, HUMANITY AND THE NATURAL WORLD. THEMES WILL INCLUDE HEALTH AND MEDICINE, ETHICS, BIODIVERSITY, ANCESTRY AND WHAT THE FUTURE MAY HOLD. AFTER ITS RUN OF AT LEAST ONE YEAR AT THE NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM IN WASHINGTON, D.C., THE EXHIBIT WILL TRAVEL NATIONALLY, BRINGING THE WONDERS OF THIS ACHIEVEMENT TO THOUSANDS AROUND THE U.S.</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
      <GeneralExplanation>
        <Identifier>PROGRAM THREE: CAPITAL PROJECTS</Identifier>
        <ReturnReference>FORM 990, PART III, LINE 4C, OTHER PROGRAM SERVICES:</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>THE FOUNDATION'S CAPITAL PROJECTS ENHANCE THE RESEARCH ENVIRONMENT AT NIH, SUPPORTING AND PROMOTING THE IMPORTANT DISCOVERIES THAT RESULT FROM NIH'S LEADING-EDGE WORK. THE EDMOND J. SAFRA FAMILY LODGE, FOR EXAMPLE, OPENED IN 2005 TO SERVE AS A COMFORTABLE HOME-AWAY-FROM-HOME FOR FAMILIES THAT COME TO NIH'S CAMPUS IN BETHESDA, MARYLAND TO ACCOMPANY PATIENTS WHO ARE PARTICIPATING IN CLINICAL TRIALS OR RECEIVING TREATMENT AT NIH'S CLINICAL CENTER. SO FAR, THE LODGE HAS HOSTED MORE THAN 40,000 FAMILY MEMBERS AND CAREGIVERS OF ADULT PATIENTS FROM ALL OVER THE WORLD.</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
      <GeneralExplanation>
        <Identifier>MEMORIALS, AWARDS AND EVENTS</Identifier>
        <ReturnReference>FORM 990, PART III, LINE 4C, OTHER PROGRAM SERVICES:</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>COLLABORATION HAPPENS WHEN PEOPLE CONNECT. THAT IS WHY MANAGING AND ORGANIZING MEETINGS AND EVENTS IS FUNDAMENTAL TO THE WORK OF THE FNIH. FROM LECTURES AND WORKSHOPS TO COLLABORATIVE SUMMITS, TELECONFERENCES AND MEDIA OPPORTUNITIES, THE FNIH FACILITATED MORE THAN 60 EVENTS IN 2012 - SPANNING THE GLOBE AND DOZENS OF FIELDS OF RESEARCH.</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
      <GeneralExplanation>
        <ReturnReference>FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 11</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>PRIOR TO THE SUBMISSION OF THE FOUNDATION FOR NIH'S FORM 990 TO THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, EACH VOTING MEMBER OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS SHALL BE PROVIDED WITH A COPY OF THE FINAL FORM 990 AS COMPLETED BY THE CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER. BOARD DIRECTORS SHALL BE PROVIDED WITH AT LEAST TEN BUSINESS DAYS TO REVIEW THE FORM AND RAISE QUESTIONS, MAKE SUGGESTIONS, AND ADDRESS ANY POTENTIAL PROBLEMS OR CONCERNS WITH THE CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER. A SPECIAL MEETING OF THE GOVERNANCE COMMITTEE WILL BE CALLED TO REVIEW THE SUGGESTED CHANGES FROM THE BOARD DIRECTORS AND TO APPROVE THE FINAL VERSION OF THE FORM 990 FOR SUBMISSION.</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
      <GeneralExplanation>
        <ReturnReference>FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 12C</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>THE FOUNDATION REQUIRES DIRECTORS, OFFICERS, VOLUNTEER COMMITTEE MEMBERS, AND STAFF MEMBERS TO DISCLOSE REAL AND APPARENT CONFLICTS OF INTEREST FOR THEMSELVES AND THEIR FAMILY MEMBERS AND TO ANNUALLY SIGN A STATEMENT OF COMPLIANCE. AFTER A CONFLICT OR AN APPARENT CONFLICT OF INTEREST HAS BEEN DISCLOSED, THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OR THE BOARD COMMITTEE, OR THEIR DESIGNEE, IN THE ABSENCE OF THE INTERESTED PERSON, SHALL DETERMINE IF THE CONFLICT OF INTEREST OR THE APPEARANCE OF A CONFLICT OF INTEREST EXISTS AND IS MATERIAL AND WILL DECIDE HOW IT IS TO BE MANAGED OR ELIMINATED.</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
      <GeneralExplanation>
        <ReturnReference>FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 15</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>IN 2008, A CONSULTANT WAS HIRED TO REVIEW, ANALYZE AND DEVELOP A PROCESS OF DETERMINING SALARIES FOR ALL EMPLOYEES OF THE ORGANIZATION. ALL EMPLOYEES WERE INTERVIEWED AND POSITION DESCRIPTIONS DEVELOPED OR AMENDED AS NEEDED. USING MARKET DATA, THE CONSULTANT DEVELOPED PAY BANDS FOR ALL POSITIONS. FINAL RECOMMENDATIONS WERE REVIEWED BY THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR. THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR'S COMPENSATION IS REVIEWED AND DETERMINED BY THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE BOARD USING LOCAL MARKET DATA.</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
      <GeneralExplanation>
        <ReturnReference>FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION C, LINE 19</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>ALL DOCUMENTS ARE AVAILABLE UPON REQUEST. THE AUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ARE POSTED TO THE ORGANIZATION'S WEBSITE.</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
      <GeneralExplanation>
        <Identifier>CHANGES IN NET ASSETS OR FUND BALANCES:</Identifier>
        <ReturnReference>FORM 990, PART XI, LINE 9:</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>REDUCTION IN FUTURE PLEDGES -1,275,000.</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
      <GeneralExplanation>
        <ReturnReference>FORM 990, PART XII, LINE 2C:</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>PROCESS HAS NOT CHANGED FROM THE PRIOR YEAR.</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
      <GeneralExplanation>
        <ReturnReference>FORM 990, PART XI, LINE 9, OTHER CHANGES IN NET ASSETS OR FUND BALANCES:</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>DURING 2012, FNIH WAS NOTIFIED BY TWO DONORS THAT THEY COULD NO LONGER SUPPORT THE PROJECT WHICH THEY ORIGINALLY PROMISED TO SUPPORT OVER MULTIPLE YEARS. FNIH RECORDED $1,275,000 AS A REDUCTION IN FUTURE PLEDGES AS OF 12/31/2012.</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
    </IRS990ScheduleO>
  </ReturnData>
</Return>