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      <NoncashContributions>2152</NoncashContributions>
      <TotalContributions>3469814</TotalContributions>
      <TotalProgramServiceRevenue>0</TotalProgramServiceRevenue>
      <InvestmentIncome>
        <TotalRevenueColumn>20918</TotalRevenueColumn>
        <ExclusionAmount>20918</ExclusionAmount>
      </InvestmentIncome>
      <IncomeFromInvestBondProceeds>
        <TotalRevenueColumn>0</TotalRevenueColumn>
      </IncomeFromInvestBondProceeds>
      <RoyaltiesRevenue>
        <TotalRevenueColumn>0</TotalRevenueColumn>
      </RoyaltiesRevenue>
      <NetGainOrLossInvestments>
        <TotalRevenueColumn>0</TotalRevenueColumn>
      </NetGainOrLossInvestments>
      <NetIncomeFromFundraisingEvents>
        <TotalRevenueColumn>0</TotalRevenueColumn>
      </NetIncomeFromFundraisingEvents>
      <NetIncomeFromGaming>
        <TotalRevenueColumn>0</TotalRevenueColumn>
      </NetIncomeFromGaming>
      <NetIncomeOrLoss>
        <TotalRevenueColumn>0</TotalRevenueColumn>
      </NetIncomeOrLoss>
      <OtherRevenueMisc>
        <Description>OTHER REVENUE</Description>
        <BusinessCode>900099</BusinessCode>
        <TotalRevenueColumn>3045</TotalRevenueColumn>
        <ExclusionAmount>3045</ExclusionAmount>
      </OtherRevenueMisc>
      <TotalOtherRevenue>3045</TotalOtherRevenue>
      <TotalRevenue>
        <TotalRevenueColumn>3493777</TotalRevenueColumn>
        <ExclusionAmount>23963</ExclusionAmount>
      </TotalRevenue>
      <GrantsToDomesticOrgs>
        <Total>322080</Total>
        <ProgramServices>322080</ProgramServices>
      </GrantsToDomesticOrgs>
      <GrantsToDomesticIndividuals>
        <Total>0</Total>
      </GrantsToDomesticIndividuals>
      <ForeignGrants>
        <Total>0</Total>
      </ForeignGrants>
      <BenefitsToMembers>
        <Total>0</Total>
      </BenefitsToMembers>
      <CompCurrentOfficersDirectors>
        <Total>0</Total>
      </CompCurrentOfficersDirectors>
      <CompDisqualPersons>
        <Total>0</Total>
      </CompDisqualPersons>
      <OtherSalariesAndWages>
        <Total>754057</Total>
        <ProgramServices>575293</ProgramServices>
        <ManagementAndGeneral>99574</ManagementAndGeneral>
        <Fundraising>79190</Fundraising>
      </OtherSalariesAndWages>
      <PensionPlanContributions>
        <Total>41688</Total>
        <ProgramServices>31805</ProgramServices>
        <ManagementAndGeneral>5505</ManagementAndGeneral>
        <Fundraising>4378</Fundraising>
      </PensionPlanContributions>
      <OtherEmployeeBenefits>
        <Total>108388</Total>
        <ProgramServices>82692</ProgramServices>
        <ManagementAndGeneral>14313</ManagementAndGeneral>
        <Fundraising>11383</Fundraising>
      </OtherEmployeeBenefits>
      <PayrollTaxes>
        <Total>58363</Total>
        <ProgramServices>44527</ProgramServices>
        <ManagementAndGeneral>7707</ManagementAndGeneral>
        <Fundraising>6129</Fundraising>
      </PayrollTaxes>
      <FeesForServicesManagement>
        <Total>0</Total>
      </FeesForServicesManagement>
      <FeesForServicesLegal>
        <Total>59725</Total>
        <ProgramServices>58996</ProgramServices>
        <ManagementAndGeneral>531</ManagementAndGeneral>
        <Fundraising>198</Fundraising>
      </FeesForServicesLegal>
      <FeesForServicesAccounting>
        <Total>25000</Total>
        <ManagementAndGeneral>25000</ManagementAndGeneral>
      </FeesForServicesAccounting>
      <FeesForServicesLobbying>
        <Total>0</Total>
      </FeesForServicesLobbying>
      <FeesForServicesProfFundraising>
        <Total>0</Total>
      </FeesForServicesProfFundraising>
      <FeesForServicesInvstMgmntFees>
        <Total>0</Total>
      </FeesForServicesInvstMgmntFees>
      <FeesForServicesOther>
        <Total>1507987</Total>
        <ProgramServices>1507987</ProgramServices>
      </FeesForServicesOther>
      <Advertising>
        <Total>527254</Total>
        <ProgramServices>478222</ProgramServices>
        <Fundraising>49032</Fundraising>
      </Advertising>
      <OfficeExpenses>
        <Total>18968</Total>
        <ProgramServices>9900</ProgramServices>
        <ManagementAndGeneral>5523</ManagementAndGeneral>
        <Fundraising>3545</Fundraising>
      </OfficeExpenses>
      <InformationTechnology>
        <Total>48474</Total>
        <ProgramServices>37626</ProgramServices>
        <ManagementAndGeneral>6101</ManagementAndGeneral>
        <Fundraising>4747</Fundraising>
      </InformationTechnology>
      <Royalties>
        <Total>0</Total>
      </Royalties>
      <Occupancy>
        <Total>71611</Total>
        <ProgramServices>28645</ProgramServices>
        <ManagementAndGeneral>31508</ManagementAndGeneral>
        <Fundraising>11458</Fundraising>
      </Occupancy>
      <Travel>
        <Total>4605</Total>
        <ProgramServices>4570</ProgramServices>
        <ManagementAndGeneral>15</ManagementAndGeneral>
        <Fundraising>20</Fundraising>
      </Travel>
      <TravelEntrtnmntPublicOfficials>
        <Total>0</Total>
      </TravelEntrtnmntPublicOfficials>
      <ConferencesMeetings>
        <Total>92849</Total>
        <ProgramServices>92849</ProgramServices>
      </ConferencesMeetings>
      <Interest>
        <Total>0</Total>
      </Interest>
      <PaymentsToAffiliates>
        <Total>0</Total>
      </PaymentsToAffiliates>
      <DepreciationDepletion>
        <Total>0</Total>
      </DepreciationDepletion>
      <Insurance>
        <Total>0</Total>
      </Insurance>
      <OtherExpenses>
        <Description>MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES</Description>
        <Total>259802</Total>
        <ProgramServices>241697</ProgramServices>
        <ManagementAndGeneral>10865</ManagementAndGeneral>
        <Fundraising>7240</Fundraising>
      </OtherExpenses>
      <TotalFunctionalExpenses>
        <Total>3900851</Total>
        <ProgramServices>3516889</ProgramServices>
        <ManagementAndGeneral>206642</ManagementAndGeneral>
        <Fundraising>177320</Fundraising>
      </TotalFunctionalExpenses>
      <JointCosts>X</JointCosts>
      <TotalJointCosts>
        <Total>577698</Total>
        <ProgramServices>443184</ProgramServices>
        <ManagementAndGeneral>29045</ManagementAndGeneral>
        <Fundraising>105469</Fundraising>
      </TotalJointCosts>
      <CashNonInterestBearing>
        <BOY>106725</BOY>
        <EOY>540071</EOY>
      </CashNonInterestBearing>
      <SavingsAndTempCashInvestments>
        <BOY>0</BOY>
        <EOY>0</EOY>
      </SavingsAndTempCashInvestments>
      <PledgesAndGrantsReceivable>
        <BOY>285000</BOY>
        <EOY>140000</EOY>
      </PledgesAndGrantsReceivable>
      <AccountsReceivable>
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        <EOY>0</EOY>
      </AccountsReceivable>
      <ReceivablesFromOfficersEtc>
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        <EOY>0</EOY>
      </ReceivablesFromOfficersEtc>
      <ReceivablesFromDisqualPersons>
        <BOY>0</BOY>
        <EOY>0</EOY>
      </ReceivablesFromDisqualPersons>
      <OtherNotesLoansReceivableNet>
        <BOY>0</BOY>
        <EOY>0</EOY>
      </OtherNotesLoansReceivableNet>
      <InventoriesForSaleOrUse>
        <BOY>0</BOY>
        <EOY>0</EOY>
      </InventoriesForSaleOrUse>
      <PrepaidExpensesDeferredCharges>
        <BOY>21909</BOY>
        <EOY>11586</EOY>
      </PrepaidExpensesDeferredCharges>
      <LandBuildingsEquipmentBasisNet>
        <BOY>0</BOY>
      </LandBuildingsEquipmentBasisNet>
      <InvestmentsPubTradedSecurities>
        <BOY>0</BOY>
        <EOY>0</EOY>
      </InvestmentsPubTradedSecurities>
      <InvestmentsOtherSecurities>
        <BOY>0</BOY>
        <EOY>0</EOY>
      </InvestmentsOtherSecurities>
      <InvestmentsProgramRelated>
        <BOY>0</BOY>
        <EOY>0</EOY>
      </InvestmentsProgramRelated>
      <IntangibleAssets>
        <BOY>0</BOY>
        <EOY>0</EOY>
      </IntangibleAssets>
      <OtherAssetsTotal>
        <BOY>4948007</BOY>
        <EOY>4287724</EOY>
      </OtherAssetsTotal>
      <TotalAssets>
        <BOY>5361641</BOY>
        <EOY>4979381</EOY>
      </TotalAssets>
      <AccountsPayableAccruedExpenses>
        <BOY>190108</BOY>
        <EOY>214922</EOY>
      </AccountsPayableAccruedExpenses>
      <GrantsPayable>
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        <EOY>0</EOY>
      </GrantsPayable>
      <DeferredRevenue>
        <BOY>0</BOY>
        <EOY>0</EOY>
      </DeferredRevenue>
      <TaxExemptBondLiabilities>
        <BOY>0</BOY>
        <EOY>0</EOY>
      </TaxExemptBondLiabilities>
      <EscrowAccountLiability>
        <BOY>0</BOY>
        <EOY>0</EOY>
      </EscrowAccountLiability>
      <LoansFromOfficersDirectors>
        <BOY>0</BOY>
        <EOY>0</EOY>
      </LoansFromOfficersDirectors>
      <MortNotesPyblSecuredInvestProp>
        <BOY>0</BOY>
        <EOY>0</EOY>
      </MortNotesPyblSecuredInvestProp>
      <UnsecuredNotesLoansPayable>
        <BOY>0</BOY>
        <EOY>0</EOY>
      </UnsecuredNotesLoansPayable>
      <OtherLiabilities>
        <BOY>0</BOY>
        <EOY>0</EOY>
      </OtherLiabilities>
      <TotalLiabilities>
        <BOY>190108</BOY>
        <EOY>214922</EOY>
      </TotalLiabilities>
      <FollowSFAS117>X</FollowSFAS117>
      <UnrestrictedNetAssets>
        <BOY>74746</BOY>
        <EOY>245664</EOY>
      </UnrestrictedNetAssets>
      <TemporarilyRestrictedNetAssets>
        <BOY>5096787</BOY>
        <EOY>4518795</EOY>
      </TemporarilyRestrictedNetAssets>
      <PermanentlyRestrictedNetAssets>
        <BOY>0</BOY>
        <EOY>0</EOY>
      </PermanentlyRestrictedNetAssets>
      <TotalNetAssetsFundBalances>
        <BOY>5171533</BOY>
        <EOY>4764459</EOY>
      </TotalNetAssetsFundBalances>
      <TotalLiabNetAssetsFundBalances>
        <BOY>5361641</BOY>
        <EOY>4979381</EOY>
      </TotalLiabNetAssetsFundBalances>
      <ReconcilationRevenueExpenses>-407074</ReconcilationRevenueExpenses>
      <MethodOfAccountingAccrual>X</MethodOfAccountingAccrual>
      <AccountantCompileOrReview>false</AccountantCompileOrReview>
      <FSAudited>true</FSAudited>
      <AuditCommittee>true</AuditCommittee>
      <FinancialStatementConsolidated>X</FinancialStatementConsolidated>
      <FederalGrantAuditRequired>false</FederalGrantAuditRequired>
    </IRS990>
    <IRS990ScheduleB documentId="IRS990ScheduleB">
      <ContributorInfo>
        <ContributorNumber>RESTRICTED</ContributorNumber>
        <ContributorNameBusiness>
          <BusinessNameLine1>RESTRICTED</BusinessNameLine1>
        </ContributorNameBusiness>
        <ContributorAddressUS>
          <AddressLine1>RESTRICTED</AddressLine1>
          <AddressLine2>RESTRICTED</AddressLine2>
          <City>RESTRICTED</City>
          <State>RESTRICTED</State>
          <ZIPCode>RESTRICTED</ZIPCode>
        </ContributorAddressUS>
        <AggregateContributions>RESTRICTED</AggregateContributions>
      </ContributorInfo>
    </IRS990ScheduleB>
    <IRS990ScheduleD documentId="IRS990ScheduleD">
      <ArtPublicExhibitionAmts />
      <HeldWorksOfArtAmts />
      <CurrentYearMinus3Years />
      <Land />
      <Buildings />
      <LeaseholdImprovements />
      <Equipment />
      <OtherLandBuildings />
      <OtherAssets>
        <Description>501(C)3 (RELATED PARTY)</Description>
        <BookValue>4287724</BookValue>
      </OtherAssets>
      <TotalBookValueOtherAssets>4287724</TotalBookValueOtherAssets>
      <FederalIncomeTaxLiability>0</FederalIncomeTaxLiability>
      <TotalOfAmounts>0</TotalOfAmounts>
      <Form990ScheduleDPartXIV>
        <Identifier>INCOME TAX DISCLOSURE</Identifier>
        <ReturnReference>SCHEDULE D, PART X, QUESTION 2</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>The Organization is subject to the provisions of ASC Topic 740-10-05, relating to accounting and reporting for uncertainty in income taxes. Because of the Organization's general tax-exempt status, ASC Topic 740-10-05 has not had, and is not expected to have, a material impact on the Organization's financial statements.</Explanation>
      </Form990ScheduleDPartXIV>
    </IRS990ScheduleD>
    <IRS990ScheduleI documentId="IRS990ScheduleI">
      <RecordsMaintained>true</RecordsMaintained>
      <RecipientTable>
        <RecipientNameBusiness>
          <BusinessNameLine1>South Atlantic Fishermens Association</BusinessNameLine1>
        </RecipientNameBusiness>
        <AddressUS>
          <AddressLine1>4449 Lake Side Drive</AddressLine1>
          <City>Little River</City>
          <State>SC</State>
          <ZIPCode>29566</ZIPCode>
        </AddressUS>
        <EINOfRecipient>273165836</EINOfRecipient>
        <IRCSection>501(C)(6)</IRCSection>
        <AmountOfCashGrant>39000</AmountOfCashGrant>
        <PurposeOfGrant>EDAF C4 Lobbying</PurposeOfGrant>
      </RecipientTable>
      <RecipientTable>
        <RecipientNameBusiness>
          <BusinessNameLine1>Gulf of Mexico Reef Fish Shareholders Alliance</BusinessNameLine1>
        </RecipientNameBusiness>
        <AddressUS>
          <AddressLine1>1902 Wharf Road</AddressLine1>
          <City>Galveston</City>
          <State>TX</State>
          <ZIPCode>77550</ZIPCode>
        </AddressUS>
        <EINOfRecipient>262524327</EINOfRecipient>
        <IRCSection>501(C)(6)</IRCSection>
        <AmountOfCashGrant>8000</AmountOfCashGrant>
        <PurposeOfGrant>EDAF C4 Lobbying</PurposeOfGrant>
      </RecipientTable>
      <RecipientTable>
        <RecipientNameBusiness>
          <BusinessNameLine1>League of Conservation Voters</BusinessNameLine1>
        </RecipientNameBusiness>
        <AddressUS>
          <AddressLine1>1920 L Street NW</AddressLine1>
          <City>Washington</City>
          <State>DC</State>
          <ZIPCode>20036</ZIPCode>
        </AddressUS>
        <EINOfRecipient>521379661</EINOfRecipient>
        <IRCSection>501(C)(4)</IRCSection>
        <AmountOfCashGrant>7500</AmountOfCashGrant>
        <PurposeOfGrant>Event Sponsorship</PurposeOfGrant>
      </RecipientTable>
      <RecipientTable>
        <RecipientNameBusiness>
          <BusinessNameLine1>Truman National Security Project</BusinessNameLine1>
        </RecipientNameBusiness>
        <AddressUS>
          <AddressLine1>1420 K Street NW</AddressLine1>
          <City>WASHINGTON</City>
          <State>DC</State>
          <ZIPCode>20005</ZIPCode>
        </AddressUS>
        <EINOfRecipient>201597444</EINOfRecipient>
        <IRCSection>501(C)(4)</IRCSection>
        <AmountOfCashGrant>58080</AmountOfCashGrant>
        <PurposeOfGrant>Defense of Clean Air Act</PurposeOfGrant>
      </RecipientTable>
      <RecipientTable>
        <RecipientNameBusiness>
          <BusinessNameLine1>California League of Conservation Voters</BusinessNameLine1>
        </RecipientNameBusiness>
        <AddressUS>
          <AddressLine1>350 Frank H Ogawa Plaza</AddressLine1>
          <City>Oakland</City>
          <State>CA</State>
          <ZIPCode>94612</ZIPCode>
        </AddressUS>
        <EINOfRecipient>943169564</EINOfRecipient>
        <IRCSection>501(C)(4)</IRCSection>
        <AmountOfCashGrant>10000</AmountOfCashGrant>
        <PurposeOfGrant>Event Sponsorship</PurposeOfGrant>
      </RecipientTable>
      <RecipientTable>
        <RecipientNameBusiness>
          <BusinessNameLine1>Michigan Energy Michigan Jobs</BusinessNameLine1>
        </RecipientNameBusiness>
        <AddressUS>
          <AddressLine1>PO Box 873</AddressLine1>
          <City>East Lansing</City>
          <State>MI</State>
          <ZIPCode>48826</ZIPCode>
        </AddressUS>
        <EINOfRecipient>465220103</EINOfRecipient>
        <IRCSection>501(C)(4)</IRCSection>
        <AmountOfCashGrant>200000</AmountOfCashGrant>
        <PurposeOfGrant>Media Grant</PurposeOfGrant>
      </RecipientTable>
      <TotalNbrOfOtherOrganizations>6</TotalNbrOfOtherOrganizations>
      <Form990ScheduleIPartIV>
        <Identifier>Grants and Other Assistance</Identifier>
        <ReturnReference>SCHEDULE I, PART I, LINE 2</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>THE ORGANIZATION HAS A NUMBER OF GRANTS AND OTHER ASSISTANCE IT PROVIDES TO CHARITIES AND QUASI-GOVERNMENTAL ENTITIES IN THE U.S. THE MAJORITY OF THESE GRANTS ARE TO OTHER LIKE MINDED ENTITIES THAT PERFORM WORK ALONGSIDE OF EDAF IN THE ACCOMPLISHMENT OF ITS MISSION. EDAF MONITORS THE PERFORMANCE OF THE GRANT RECIPIENTS BY WRITTEN REPORTS, SITE VISITS, VERBAL COMMUNICATION AND REVIEW. PARTIAL PAYMENTS ARE TYPICALLY MADE ON A SUB-GRANT UNTIL A PATTERN OF PROVEN ACHIEVEMENTS ON OBJECTIVES IS DEMONSTRATED. IN THE END EDAF TYPICALLY PREPARES A REPORT TO FUNDING ENTITIES ON THE USE OF GRANT FUNDS - BOTH BY ITSELF AND BY ANY SUB-GRANT RECIPIENTS.</Explanation>
      </Form990ScheduleIPartIV>
    </IRS990ScheduleI>
    <IRS990ScheduleJ documentId="IRS990ScheduleJ">
      <SeverancePayment>false</SeverancePayment>
      <SupplementalNonqualRetirePlan>true</SupplementalNonqualRetirePlan>
      <EquityBasedCompArrangement>false</EquityBasedCompArrangement>
      <CompBasedOnRevenueOfFilingOrg>false</CompBasedOnRevenueOfFilingOrg>
      <CompBasedOnRevenueRelatedOrgs>false</CompBasedOnRevenueRelatedOrgs>
      <CompBasedNetEarningsFilingOrg>false</CompBasedNetEarningsFilingOrg>
      <CompBasedNetEarningsRelateOrgs>false</CompBasedNetEarningsRelateOrgs>
      <AnyNonFixedPayments>false</AnyNonFixedPayments>
      <InitialContractException>false</InitialContractException>
      <Form990ScheduleJPartII>
        <NamePerson>Frederic D Krupp</NamePerson>
        <BaseCompensationFilingOrg>0</BaseCompensationFilingOrg>
        <CompBasedOnRelatedOrgs>407510</CompBasedOnRelatedOrgs>
        <BonusFilingOrg>0</BonusFilingOrg>
        <BonusRelatedOrgs>26000</BonusRelatedOrgs>
        <OtherCompensationFilingOrg>0</OtherCompensationFilingOrg>
        <OtherCompensationRelatedOrgs>0</OtherCompensationRelatedOrgs>
        <DeferredCompFilingOrg>0</DeferredCompFilingOrg>
        <DeferredCompRelatedOrgs>35904</DeferredCompRelatedOrgs>
        <NontaxableBenefitsFilingOrg>0</NontaxableBenefitsFilingOrg>
        <NontaxableBenefitsRelatedOrgs>17670</NontaxableBenefitsRelatedOrgs>
        <TotalCompensationFilingOrg>0</TotalCompensationFilingOrg>
        <TotalCompensationRelatedOrgs>487084</TotalCompensationRelatedOrgs>
        <CompReportPrior990FilingOrg>0</CompReportPrior990FilingOrg>
        <CompReportPrior990RelatedOrgs>0</CompReportPrior990RelatedOrgs>
      </Form990ScheduleJPartII>
      <Form990ScheduleJPartII>
        <NamePerson>Peter Accinno</NamePerson>
        <BaseCompensationFilingOrg>0</BaseCompensationFilingOrg>
        <CompBasedOnRelatedOrgs>224051</CompBasedOnRelatedOrgs>
        <BonusFilingOrg>0</BonusFilingOrg>
        <BonusRelatedOrgs>0</BonusRelatedOrgs>
        <OtherCompensationFilingOrg>0</OtherCompensationFilingOrg>
        <OtherCompensationRelatedOrgs>0</OtherCompensationRelatedOrgs>
        <DeferredCompFilingOrg>0</DeferredCompFilingOrg>
        <DeferredCompRelatedOrgs>18241</DeferredCompRelatedOrgs>
        <NontaxableBenefitsFilingOrg>0</NontaxableBenefitsFilingOrg>
        <NontaxableBenefitsRelatedOrgs>941</NontaxableBenefitsRelatedOrgs>
        <TotalCompensationFilingOrg>0</TotalCompensationFilingOrg>
        <TotalCompensationRelatedOrgs>243233</TotalCompensationRelatedOrgs>
        <CompReportPrior990FilingOrg>0</CompReportPrior990FilingOrg>
        <CompReportPrior990RelatedOrgs>0</CompReportPrior990RelatedOrgs>
      </Form990ScheduleJPartII>
      <Form990ScheduleJPartIII>
        <Identifier>OFFICERS, DIRECTORS, TRUSTEES AND KEY EMPLOYEES</Identifier>
        <ReturnReference>SCHEDULE J, PART III</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>THE ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE FUND, INC. (A RELATED PARTY) ACTS AS A COMMON PAYMASTER FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE ACTION FUND. AS SUCH THE COMPENSATION INFORMATION INCLUDED ON SCHEDULE J WAS GENERATED FROM THE RECORDS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE FUND. THE AMOUNT SHOWN IN PART II REPRESENTS THE TOTAL COMPENSATION FROM BOTH ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE FUND, INC AND ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE ACTION FUND.</Explanation>
      </Form990ScheduleJPartIII>
    </IRS990ScheduleJ>
    <IRS990ScheduleO documentId="IRS990ScheduleO">
      <GeneralExplanation>
        <Identifier>REVIEW OF FORM 990</Identifier>
        <ReturnReference>PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 11B</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>EDF uses its Audit Committee of the Board of Directors to review the Form 990 returns. The Audit Committee has been delegated this authority by the Board of Directors in its Audit Committee charter and terms of reference. The Organization's financial management group is responsible for gathering the key components and supporting schedule information for the Form 990. The Organization's audit firm of independent public accountants prepares the Form 990 and it goes through a review process to ensure it is completed accurately. The draft Form 990 is returned to the Organization where senior executive management and members of the financial team review the document. The Audit Committee receives a copy of the draft return in advance of a meeting scheduled for its formal review. The Audit Committee meets and approves the Form 990. Prior to filing, the approved draft return is circulated to the Board of Directors. The audit firm electronically files the final informational return with the IRS. The final Form 990 is also publicly posted in electronic form on the Environmental Defense Fund's website where it is freely available to the public. Copies of it are sent to state governments, funding organizations, major donors, charity monitoring organizations and to anyone else who requests a copy. CONFLICT OF INTEREST POLICY COMPLIANCE PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 12C It is the responsibility of all Directors and employees of the Environmental Defense Action Fund to familiarize themselves with the Conflict of Interest Policy and to ensure compliance of related parties with it. In addition to the disclosures required by this policy, annually each Director and employee is provided with a statement to complete and return indicating that they have read, understand and are in compliance with this Policy. Directors who knowingly or unknowingly violate the Policy are subject to censure or removal, at the discretion of the Board of Directors. Employees who knowingly or unknowingly violate the Policy will be subject to disciplinary action, including possible dismissal.</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
      <GeneralExplanation>
        <Identifier>PUBLIC AVAILABILITY OF GOVERNING DOCUMENTS</Identifier>
        <ReturnReference>PART VI, SECTION C, LINE 19</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>EDAF makes available three years worth of the following disclosure documents on the Environmental Defense Fund's web site: 1. Annual Report 2. Consolidated and consolidating audited financial statements 3. Form 990 informational tax returns and those of related organizations</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
      <GeneralExplanation>
        <Identifier>GOVERNANCE, MANAGEMENT, AND DISCLOSURE</Identifier>
        <ReturnReference>Process for Determining Compensation</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 15A AND 15B THE ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE FUND, INC., A RELATED PARTY, ACTS AS A COMMON PAYMASTER FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE ACTION FUND. AS SUCH THE COMPENSATION INFORMATION INCLUDED ON SCHEDULE J WAS GENERATED FROM THE RECORDS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE FUND. THE ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE FUND HUMAN RELATIONS COMMITTEE USES THE SERVICES OF AN INDEPENDENT COMPENSATION CONSULTANT TO PROVIDE DEMOGRAPHIC AND COMPARATIVE SALARY INFORMATION FOR PEER-GROUP ORGANIZATIONS, WITH FOCUS ON THE PRESIDENT/CEO. THE COMPENSATION CONSULTANT PROVIDES INFORMATION FROM SURVEYS, PUBLIC DISCLOSURES OF OTHER CHARITIES, AND PROPRIETARY SOURCES. THE COMMITTEE REVIEWS THIS INFORMATION, DISCUSSES THE FINDINGS AMONGS THEMSELVES AND NOT IN THE PRESENCE OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE ORGANIZATION. THE COMMITTEE HAS A PORTION OF ITS MEETING WHERE IT DOES DISCUSS COMPENSATION AND PERFORMANCE WITH THE PRESIDENT BUT THE DECISION-MAKING SEGMENTS OF THE MEETING ARE HELD IN EXECUTIVE SESSION. MINUTES OF THE MEETING ARE KEPT AND RETAINED BY THE CHAIR OF THE HUMAN RELATIONS COMMITTEE.</Explanation>
      </GeneralExplanation>
      <GeneralExplanation>
        <Identifier>STATEMENT OF PROGRAM SERVICE ACCOMPLISHMENTS</Identifier>
        <ReturnReference>PART III, LINE 4</ReturnReference>
        <Explanation>Environmental Defense Action Fund's (Action Fund) role in legislative change is assisted by our sister organization, Environmental Defense Fund (EDF). Both Organizations take on different roles in achieving common objectives. The Action Fund was involved in lobbying and legislative work while EDF supported research, scientific analysis, and policy positioning. Contributions to the Action Fund paid for polling in Florida that found over 70% of Republicans, Democrats and Independents were more likely to support candidates who backed the RESTORE Act. Action Fund contributions also paid for an advertising blitz that helped convince wavering lawmakers. Supermajorities of both the House and Senate passed the RESTORE Act, directing what could amount to billions of dollars of BP's oil spill fines for environmental restoration on the Gulf Coast. The Action Fund helped secure many other EDF advances this year as well. For oceans, it brought fishermen together with members of Congress to talk about catch shares, a sustainable approach to fisheries management. For health, it helped defeat an effort to roll back limits on toxic mercury pollution from power plants. For climate and energy, it fended off broader attempts in Congress to limit EPA's authority to enforce the Clean Air Act. At the state level, it helped win provisions requiring disclosure of the chemicals used in hydraulic fracturing.</Explanation>
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