2014-12-10T12:40:40-06:00 2014-06-30 410746749 CLIFTONLARSONALLEN LLP 610 WGERMANTOWN PIKE STE400 PLYMOUTH MEETING PA 19462 990 2013-07-01 043467254 FOUNDATION FOR INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS IN EDUCATION INC FOUN 2157173473 170 S INDEPENDENCE MALL W NO 510 PHILADELPHIA PA 19106 GREGORY LUKIANOFF PRESIDENT 2157173473 2014-12-08 1 PAUL J KELLY III CPA P01780986 2156433900 2013 2015-11-30 17:44:51Z GREGORY LUKIANOFF 170 S INDEPENDENCE MALL W NO 510 PHILADELPHIA PA 19106 3440809 0 X HTTP://THEFIRE.ORG/ X 1999 PA THE MISSION OF FIRE IS TO DEFEND AND SUSTAIN INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS - INCLUDING FREEDOM OF SPEECH, LEGAL EQUALITY, DUE PROCESS, RELIGIOUS LIBERTY, AND SANCTITY OF CONSCIENCE - AT AMERICA'S COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES. 9 9 36 10 0 0 1796767 3092602 0 0 3655 8546 6775 18029 1807197 3119177 0 28209 0 0 779435 1837991 0 0 305502 399915 1452404 1179350 3318604 627847 -199427 2986786 2862471 88128 165864 2898658 2696607 X THE MISSION OF FIRE IS TO DEFEND AND SUSTAIN INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS - INCLUDING FREEDOM OF SPEECH, LEGAL EQUALITY, DUE PROCESS, RELIGIOUS LIBERTY, AND SANCTITY OF CONSCIENCE - AT AMERICA'S COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES. 0 0 595419 INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS DEFENSE PROGRAMTHE INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS DEFENSE PROGRAM (IRDP) PROVIDES ASSISTANCE TO INDIVIDUAL STUDENTS, PROFESSORS, AND CAMPUS GROUPS WHOSE FUNDAMENTAL CIVIL LIBERTIES HAVE BEEN VIOLATED. THIS PROGRAM DEFENDS INDIVIDUALS SUFFERING FROM VIOLATIONS OF THEIR FREEDOM OF SPEECH, FREEDOM OF CONSCIENCE, RELIGIOUS LIBERTY, FREEDOM OF ASSOCIATION, AND DUE PROCESS AND LEGAL EQUALITY. WORKING THROUGH OUTREACH TO ADMINISTRATORS, THE STRATEGIC USE OF PUBLICITY TO GENERATE PUBLIC ATTENTION AND PRESSURE, AND, WHEN NECESSARY, THE COORDINATION OF LEGAL COUNSEL AND ACTION IN THE COURTS, THE IRDP HAS SECURED MORE THAN 200 VICTORIES ON BEHALF OF STUDENTS AND FACULTY MEMBERS SINCE FIRE'S FOUNDING. 496390 INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS EDUCATION PROGRAMTHE INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS EDUCATION PROGRAM (IREP) ARMS STUDENTS AND FACULTY MEMBERS WITH THE KNOWLEDGE TO UNDERSTAND THEIR RIGHTS, TO DETERMINE IF THOSE RIGHTS ARE BEING VIOLATED, AND TO TAKE THE STEPS TO CORRECT SUCH ABUSES. FIRE ALSO EDUCATES THE PUBLIC ABOUT THE STATE OF LIBERTY ON OUR NATION'S CAMPUSES, CONTINUALLY EXPOSING ABUSES OF CIVIL LIBERTIES THROUGH THE MEDIA AND ON OUR WEBSITE (THEFIRE.ORG) AND HOLDING ADMINISTRATORS ACCOUNTABLE FOR THEIR ACTIONS.FIRE'S IREP INCLUDES THE FOLLOWING PROJECTS:FIRE'S SERIES OF FIVE GUIDES TO STUDENT RIGHTS ON CAMPUS, WHICH EDUCATE STUDENTS ABOUT THEIR FREE SPEECH, DUE PROCESS, AND RELIGIOUS LIBERTY RIGHTS AND WAYS TO PRESERVE THEM, WHILE ALSO PROVIDING STUDENTS WITH THE KNOWLEDGE TO UNDERSTAND EASILY ABUSED CAMPUS PROGRAMS AND POLICIES LIKE FIRST-YEAR ORIENTATION AND PAYING STUDENT FEES. FIRE'S INTERNSHIP PROGRAM, WHICH ENGAGES UNDERGRADUATE AND LAW STUDENTS IN FIRE'S MISSION AND TRAINS THEM AS ADVOCATES FOR LIBERTY FOR EIGHT WEEKS EACH SUMMER. FIRE'S UNDERGRADUATE INTERNS ARE ALSO REQUIRED TO DEVELOP REFORM CAMPAIGNS TO BE IMPLEMENTED WHEN THEY RETURN TO THEIR CAMPUSES. FIRE INTERNS HAIL FROM THE NATION'S LEADING UNIVERSITIES AND GO ON TO REPRESENT FIRE IN HIGH-PROFILE CAREERS IN THE LAW, PRIVATE INDUSTRY, AND PUBLIC SERVICE.FIRE'S PUBLIC AWARENESS PROJECT, WHICH PROMOTES PUBLIC KNOWLEDGE ABOUT INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS, EDUCATES THE PUBLIC ABOUT THE STATE OF LIBERTY ON OUR NATION'S CAMPUSES, AND ENCOURAGES PUBLIC SCRUTINY OF OUR HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS THROUGH ADVERTISEMENTS, MEDIA ENGAGEMENT, MULTIMEDIA AND SOCIAL MEDIA OUTREACH, AND THE DISSEMINATION OF PRINT PUBLICATIONS SUCH AS FIRE'S ANNUAL SPEECH CODE REPORT. THIS PROJECT REACHES AN AVERAGE OF 167 MILLION READERS THROUGH PRINT AND ONLINE PUBLICATIONS YEARLY AND HAS ALSO SECURED OVER 300 RADIO INTERVIEWS AND 60 TELEVISION APPEARANCES FROM 2005 THROUGH 2014. IN RECENT YEARS, FIRE HAS ALSO GAINED OVER 20,000 FOLLOWERS THROUGH TWITTER AND FACEBOOK PROMOTION.FIRE'S VIDEO INITIATIVE, WHICH PROMPTS VALUABLE DIALOGUES ABOUT FREE SPEECH ISSUES ON OUR CAMPUSES AND REACHES THE MAINSTREAM PUBLIC THROUGH THE WIDESPREAD DISSEMINATION OF SHORT DOCUMENTARIES. FIRE'S VIDEOS HAVE ATTRACTED MORE THAN 1.5 MILLION VIEWS ON OUR YOUTUBE CHANNEL, WHILE GAINING SIGNIFICANT MEDIA ATTENTION AND ELICITING PRAISE AND AWARDS. 813068 POLICY REFORM PROJECTTHE POLICY REFORM PROJECT ENCOMPASSES FIRE'S EFFORTS TO PROACTIVELY AND SYSTEMATICALLY CHALLENGE CAMPUS POLICIES THAT VIOLATE STUDENTS' AND FACULTY MEMBERS' FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS. THROUGH IN-DEPTH RESEARCH AND LEGAL AND PUBLIC ADVOCACY, THIS PROJECT SECURES VITAL REFORMS TO SOME OF THE NATION'S MOST EGREGIOUS SPEECH CODES. FIRE STAFF MEMBERS REVIEW THOUSANDS OF UNIVERSITY POLICIES EACH YEAR AND CHALLENGE UNIVERSITIES TO REVISE THE WORST OF THEM BEFORE THEY ARE USED TO PUNISH INDIVIDUALS OR GROUPS ON CAMPUS. BY CORRESPONDING WITH ADMINISTRATORS AND COLLABORATING WITH STUDENTS AND FACULTY MEMBERS, FIRE HAS SECURED 75 VICTORIES SINCE 1999. OVERALL, FIRE'S DEFENSE AND POLICY ADVOCACY HAS BEEN RESPONSIBLE FOR CHANGING NEARLY 140 UNCONSTITUTIONAL OR REPRESSIVE POLICIES AFFECTING ALMOST 2.5 MILLION STUDENTS NATIONWIDE.FIRE WORKS TO REVEAL AND ELIMINATE UNCONSTITUTIONAL POLICIES FROM INDIVIDUAL CAMPUSES THROUGH THE FOLLOWING PROJECTS:SPOTLIGHT: FIRE'S SPOTLIGHT DATABASE, WHICH IS A COMPREHENSIVE SEARCHABLE ONLINE DATABASE THAT CATALOGS SPEECH CODES AT MORE THAN 400 SCHOOLS, REVEALS THEM TO THE PUBLIC, AND DEMONSTRATES HOW THESE CODES ARE USED TO PUNISH SPEECH ON CAMPUS. THIS EXTENSIVE DATABASE SERVES AS A RESOURCE FOR STUDENTS, PARENTS, AND MEMBERS OF THE PUBLIC AS WELL AS FOR STUDENT, LOCAL, AND NATIONAL MEDIA. SPOTLIGHT'S DATA IS USED TO COMPILE FIRE'S ANNUAL SPEECH CODE REPORT. THIS ANALYSIS HAS RECORDED A GRADUAL DECREASE IN THE PERCENTAGE OF SCHOOLS THAT SYSTEMATICALLY VIOLATE STUDENTS' AND FACULTY MEMBERS' RIGHT TO FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION, SHOWING THAT FIRE'S RESEARCH CONTINUES TO YIELD IMPORTANT RESULTS ON CAMPUS.FIRE'S LEGAL TRANSFORMATION PROJECT, WHICH ENCOMPASSES FIRE'S EFFORTS TO ENGAGE ADMINISTRATORS AS PARTNERS IN CORRECTING POLICIES THROUGH OUTREACH LETTERS, PRESENTATIONS AT CONFERENCES, AND THE PUBLICATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF A HANDBOOK FOR SCHOOL OFFICIALS. THIS PROJECT ALSO WORKS TO INCREASE THE LEGAL INCENTIVES FOR ADMINISTRATORS TO REFORM THEIR POLICIES AND PRACTICES THROUGH THE SUBMISSION OF AMICUS BRIEFS IN STRATEGICALLY CHOSEN CASES AND THROUGH FIRE'S QUALIFIED IMMUNITY PROJECT, WHICH SEEKS TO APPLY PERSONAL LEGAL AND FINANCIAL LIABILITY FOR ADMINISTRATORS WHO ABUSE STUDENTS'CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS.FIRE'S LEGISLATIVE AND POLICY PROJECT, WHICH, THROUGH A UNIQUE COMBINATION OF LOBBYING, LEGAL WORK, AND PUBLICITY, COMBATS GOVERNMENT POLICIES THAT THREATEN TO ERODE FREE SPEECH PROTECTIONS AND UNDERMINE THE PROGRESS FIRE HAS ALREADY MADE ON CAMPUS. THROUGH THIS PROJECT, FIRE ALSO ENSURES THAT LEGAL PRECEDENT REMAINS STRONGLY IN FAVOR OF STUDENT RIGHTS BY BUILDING STRONG NON-PARTISAN COALITIONS AND BY STRATEGICALLY IDENTIFYING CASES TO TARGET WITH LEGAL ADVOCACY. 842403 28209 FIRE'S STAND UP FOR SPEECH LITIGATION PROJECTTHE STAND UP FOR SPEECH LITIGATION PROJECT IS A LARGE-SCALE NATIONAL EFFORT TO ELIMINATE UNCONSTITUTIONAL SPEECH CODES THROUGH TARGETED FIRST AMENDMENT LAWSUITS. BUILDING ON FIRE'S 100% SPEECH CODE LITIGATION SUCCESS RATE, THIS PROJECT COORDINATES LEGAL CHALLENGES AGAINST SOME OF THE NATION'S WORST POLICIES, IN CONJUNCTION WITH REFORM AND PUBLICITY EFFORTS. WORKING IN RAPID SUCCESSION AND IN MULTIPLE FEDERAL CIRCUITS, THE STAND UP FOR SPEECH LITIGATION PROJECT SEEKS TO GENERATE ADDITIONAL LEGAL PRECEDENT, WIDESPREAD MEDIA COVERAGE, AND NUMEROUS POLICY REVISIONS. ULTIMATELY, THIS PROJECT IS WORKING TO GENERATE THE PRESSURE NECESSARY TO REBALANCE THE INCENTIVES ON CAMPUS IN FAVOR OF FREE EXPRESSION.FIRE STUDENT NETWORK THE FIRE STUDENT NETWORK (FSN) IS A DYNAMIC COALITION OF THOUSANDS OF STUDENTS AND FACULTY MEMBERS DEDICATED TO ADVANCING INDIVIDUAL LIBERTIES ON THEIR CAMPUSES WITH THE AID OF GRASSROOTS SUPPORT FROM FIRE. THIS NETWORK WORKS TO SAFEGUARD LIBERTIES ON CAMPUSES NATIONWIDE BY GENERATING ON-CAMPUS REFORM, SPREADING AWARENESS AMONG STUDENTS AND FACULTY MEMBERS ON CAMPUS, AND PETITIONING ADMINISTRATORS FOR CHANGE. TO FACILITATE THIS, FIRE PROVIDES RESOURCES AND EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES FOR FSN MEMBERS, ARRANGES SPEECHES BY FIRE SPEAKERS, AND ORGANIZES AN ANNUAL SUMMER CONFERENCE.THE FSN WORKS TO CREATE LASTING CHANGE ON COLLEGE CAMPUSES THROUGH THE FOLLOWING PROJECTS:FIRE'S "KNOW BEFORE YOU GO" PROJECT, WHICH OFFERS AN ESSAY CONTEST AND CURRICULUM PACKAGE AIMED AT EDUCATING HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS ABOUT FIRST AMENDMENT RIGHTS AND ABOUT THE STATE OF FREEDOM OF SPEECH ON COLLEGE CAMPUSES. THE FIRE STUDENT NETWORK CONFERENCE, WHICH BRINGS STUDENTS FROM ALL ACROSS THE COUNTRY TO PHILADELPHIA, WHERE FIRE REPRESENTATIVES AND ALLIES TEACH THEM ABOUT THEIR RIGHTS ON CAMPUS AND TRAIN THEM AS ADVOCATES FOR LIBERTY.FIRE'S SPEAKERS BUREAU, WHICH COORDINATES PUBLIC SPEAKING EVENTS AND ON-CAMPUS PRESENTATIONS BY FIRE STAFF MEMBERS ON KEY FIRST AMENDMENT TOPICS. 842403 28209 2747280 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 20 0 36 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 X 9 9 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 PA NY X X X MANAGEMENT 2157173473 170 S INDEPENDENCE MALL W SUITE 510 PHILADELPHIA PA 19106 HARVEY SILVERGLATE CHAIRMAN 8.00 X 0 0 0 DANIEL SHUCHMAN DIRECTOR 1.00 X 0 0 0 BARBARA BISHOP DIRECTOR 1.00 X 0 0 0 RICHARD LOSICK DIRECTOR 1.00 X 0 0 0 MARLENE MIESKE DIRECTOR 1.00 X 0 0 0 JOSEPH MALINE DIRECTOR 1.00 X 0 0 0 VIRGINIA POSTREL DIRECTOR 1.00 X 0 0 0 DAPHNE PATAI DIRECTOR 1.00 X 0 0 0 ANTHONY DICK DIRECTOR 1.00 X 0 0 0 GREGORY LUKIANOFF PRESIDENT 60.00 X 241520 0 16267 ROBERT SHIBLEY SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT 50.00 X 137000 0 18402 378520 0 34669 2 0 1 0 0 19700 3072902 309633 3092602 7213 7213 9185 9185 310965 309632 1333 1333 1333 0 19700 12000 -12000 -12000 OTHER INCOME 900099 20844 20844 20844 3119177 0 0 26575 28209 28209 410829 306190 26908 77731 1154784 945097 113378 96309 23087 18671 2174 2242 135965 109774 12760 13431 113326 87737 4221 21368 353206 352621 294 291 37301 29878 3730 3693 117399 94222 11638 11539 21900 21900 90556 66301 15055 9200 49002 39756 4234 5012 155794 124761 15576 15457 251123 208775 19214 23134 89151 85752 1603 1796 11182 11182 9779 7833 978 968 PRINTING AND REPRODUCTI 102433 82049 10243 10141 POSTAGE AND DELIVERY 48913 39073 4881 4959 COMMUNICATIONS 32348 26025 3091 3232 RESEARCH 29009 29009 53308 43647 4662 4999 3318604 2747280 265822 305502 687459 131495 1786724 2278063 444620 172717 22603 179831 206644 149843 23610 56801 21770 43564 2986786 2862471 38590 132053 49538 33811 88128 165864 X 1668242 1909283 1207120 764025 23296 23299 2898658 2696607 2986786 2862471 -199427 -2624 0 X X 0 1 X 1 0 X 1885592 2313528 2151413 1796767 3092602 11239902 1885592 2313528 2151413 1796767 3092602 11239902 2402390 8837512 17550 5798 9608 4499 16398 53853 15847 6775 20844 43466 11337221 0.77950 0.77550 X SCHEDULE A PART II COLUMN D IS FOR 6 MONTHS FOR THE SHORT YEAR ENDING 6/30/2013. RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED 3469 3469 3296511 3299980 314999 78750 0 0 252649 179685 314999 747333 1121000 15710 16245 3469 35424 63162 44921 78750 186833 280250 2776 486 3262 23296 3 23299 23295 1 23296 23291 4 23295 23287 4 23291 23284 3 23287 1.00000 0 0 7650 7217 433 135358 134046 1312 63636 8580 55056 56801 X 3128553 -2624 12000 9376 3119177 0 3119177 3330604 12000 12000 3318604 0 3318604 PART V, LINE 4: ENDOWMENT IS PERMANENTLY RESTRICTED. INTEREST IS REINVESTED INTO THE ENDOWMENT. PART X, LINE 2: THE FOUNDATION IS A NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATION AS DESCRIBED IN SECTION 501(C)(3) OF THE INTERNAL REVENUE CODE AND IS EXEMPT FROM FEDERAL AND STATE INCOME TAXES. ACCORDINGLY, THERE IS NO PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES. THE FOUNDATION IS NOT AWARE OF ANY ACTIVITIES THAT WOULD JEOPARDIZE ITS TAX-EXEMPT STATUS, NOR IS IT AWARE OF ANY OF ITS ACTIVITIES THAT ARE SUBJECT TO TAX ON UNRELATED BUSINESS INCOME TAXES. THE FOUNDATION FOLLOWS THE GUIDANCE IN THE INCOME TAX STANDARD REGARDING THE RECOGNITION AND MEASUREMENT OF UNCERTAIN TAX POSITIONS. THE GUIDANCE FURTHER PRESCRIBES RECOGNITION AND MEASUREMENT OF TAX PROVISIONS TAKEN OR EXPECTED TO BE TAKEN ON A TAX RETURN THAT ARE NOT CERTAIN TO BE REALIZED. THE APPLICATION OF THIS STANDARD HAD NO IMPACT ON THE FOUNDATION'S FINANCIAL STATEMENTS. THE FOUNDATION'S INCOME TAX RETURNS ARE SUBJECT TO REVIEW AND EXAMINATION BY FEDERAL, STATE, AND LOCAL AUTHORITIES. THE TAX RETURNS FOR THE YEARS 2011, 2012, AND 2013 ARE OPEN FOR FEDERAL AND STATE TAX EXAMINATIONS. PART XI, LINE 2D - OTHER ADJUSTMENTS: SPECIAL EVENTS EXPENSES 12,000. PART XII, LINE 2D - OTHER ADJUSTMENTS: SPECIAL EVENTS EXPENSES 12,000. GALA 19700 19700 12000 19700 19700 12000 12000 -12000 1 ESSAY WRITING SCHOLARSHIP 5 18000 PART I, LINE 2: SCHOLARSHIPS ARE AWARDED BASED UPON THE SELECTIONS OF AN ASSESSMENT COMMITTEE THAT READ AND EVALUATE ESSAY CONTEST SUBMISSIONS. WINNERS' ELIGIBILITY IS VERIFIED BY CONTACTING THEIR UNIVERSITY AND VERIFYING ENROLLMENT. SCHOLARSHIPS ARE PAID DIRECTLY TO THE UNIVERSITY AND CREDITED TO THE STUDENT'S TUITION ACCOUNT. RECEIPT OF SCHOLARSHIP FUNDS IS VERIFIED BY RETURN OF A CANCELLED CHECK THAT WAS CASHED BY THAT UNIVERSITY. X X X X 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 GREGORY LUKIANOFF PRESIDENT 231520 0 10000 0 0 0 0 0 16267 0 257787 0 0 0 ROBERT SHIBLEY SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT 128000 0 9000 0 0 0 0 0 18402 0 155402 0 0 0 SARAFINA CREELEY WIFE OF DIRECTOR OF LEGAL AND PUBLIC ADVOCACY 2425 GRAPHIC DESIGN 0 ARAZ SHIBLEY WIFE OF SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT 9735 EDITING 0 X 5 309632 0 0 0 FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION A, LINE 4 THE BYLAWS OF THE CORPORATION WERE AMENDED TO EMPOWER THE PRESIDENT TO ESTABLISH OFFICES THAT ARE IN ADDITION TO THE REGISTERED OFFICE. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 11 DRAFT DOCUMENTS WILL BE REVIEWED BY BOTH MANAGEMENT AND THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS WHEN AVAILABLE. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 12C THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS WILL UNDERTAKE A REVIEW OF THE MATTER BY MAKING ALL NECESSARY INQUIRIES DEEMED WARRANTED BY THE CIRCUMSTANCES. AN APPROPRIATE ORGANIZATIONAL RESPONSE SHALL BE DETERMINED BY DISINTERESTED MEMBERS OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS. THE ORGANIZATION REVIEWS BUSINESS RELATIONSHIPS WITH ALL VENDORS ANNUALLY. CONFLICTS INVOLVING EMPLOYEES ARE RESOLVED BY THE PRESIDENT. CONFLICTS INVOLVING THE PRESIDENT OR BOARD OF DIRECTORS ARE RESOLVED BY THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS. PROCEEDINGS ARE DOCUMENTED IN A MEMO OR MINUTES AS DEEMED APPROPRIATE BY THE CIRCUMSTANCES. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 15A THE COMPENSATION COMMITTEE OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS REVIEWS THE FORM 990 OF SIMILAR ORGANIZATIONS, CONDUCTS A COMPENSATION STUDY, AND USES OTHER COMPARATIVE DATA TO DETERMINE APPROPRIATE COMPENSATION. THE COMPENSATION COMMITTEE REPORTS FINDINGS TO THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS. THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS APPROVES THE COMPENSATION PACKAGE. THE PRESIDENT DETERMINES COMPENSATION FOR ALL OFFICERS AND KEY EMPLOYEES. PERFORMANCE REVIEWS, YEARS OF SERVICE, POSITION, AND SALARY COMPARISONS ARE USED IN DETERMING COMPENSATION. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION C, LINE 19 THE ORGANIZATION MAKES ITS CONFLICT OF INTEREST POLICY AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AVAILABLE TO THE PUBLIC UPON REQUEST. PART XII, LINE 2C EXPLANATION THE PROCESS HAS NOT CHANGED SINCE PRIOR YEAR.