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      <Desc>Provide access to orthopaedic training and education to surgeons in developing countries - This is accomplished through onsite visits by North American and European surgeons, local surgeons, email communications with SIGN headquarters, the review of cases submitted by local surgeons and orthopaedic surgeons on the SIGN Board, and the annual international orthopaedic conference held at SIGN headquarters.The onsite training goals were: 1) ensure SIGN surgeons understand the surgical technique for the SIGN products in their hospital; 2) provide training on current orthopaedic principles; and, 3) provide training in orthopaedic and trauma procedures such as pediatric, hand, and pelvic.The training objectives for the 2013 SIGN Conference held at headquarters were: - understand results from treatment of femur fractures;- assess squat and smile picture as predictor of bone healing;- increase knowledge of basis of limb deformity;- learn the technique of using different modalities to accomplish correction of limb deformity;- understand the indications for antegrade and retrograde approach to femur fractures;- assess the outcomes between hollow and solid nail in treating tibia fractures;- understand the indications and outcomes of using cement in treating long bone fractures with osteomyelitis;- assess the results of treating pediatric femoral fractures;- understand treatment of acute epiphyseal fractures;- understand reconstruction after physeal arrest;- learn about treatment of elbow injuries;- increase knowledge of treatment of comminuted fractures;- learn principles of treatment of infected fractures;- understand the mechanics of retrocalcaneal fusions;- increase knowledge in treatment of proximal femur and hip fractures;- increase knowledge of treatment of pelvic fractures;- learn methods of treatment of displaced acetabular fractures;- assess different methods of flap coverage in soft tissue defects;- increase understanding in treatment of pilon fractures;- increase understanding of treatment of tibia plateau fractures;- assess different treatments of bone tumors; and,- assess the different types of treatment of orthopaedic injuries in different parts of the world.To further our educational materials, an animated video was developed to help the surgeon visualize the anatomy of the bone and how the implants and instruments inter-relate. This video helps the surgeon to understand the reasoning behind the prescribed technique of inserting the nail and the sequence of use of the instruments.</Desc>
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        <Desc>Distribute appropriate orthopaedic technology - The SIGN IM Nail and Interlocking System is designed for use in hospitals in developing countries where C-arms and regular power are not available. SIGN engineers continually develop new orthopaedic instruments and implants in response to the needs described by the local surgeons. New programs are supplied only with the SIGN IM Nail System, which is used to repair severe fractures in the femur, tibia, and humerus. Once the program has demonstrated their ability to report their cases, including adequate follow-up which confirms their results comply with our expectations, they become eligible to receive additional SIGN products, as well as in-kind donations received from for-profit orthopaedic implant companies.24 new programs were started in 2013 in the following countries: Afghanistan, Benin, Cambodia, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Haiti, Iraq, Kenya, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Malawi, Mozambique, Pakistan, Rwanda, Sudan, Tanzania, Turkey, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Twenty thousand patients were treated with SIGN implants in 2013.Distribution can take the form of disaster response - SIGN volunteers from North America and Europe respond to disasters in countries where SIGN programs currently exist or where SIGN programs would be beneficial. Often, where SIGN programs currently exist, it is the local surgeons who provide the disaster relief using the SIGN equipment already in the country. In these cases, our response is to send SIGN equipment replenishments along with other materials they request. Otherwise, it is North American surgeons who are carrying in SIGN equipment as well as other supplies. They provide the extra hands needed in surgery as well as train the local surgeons and volunteers to use the SIGN implants.Establishing Regional Trauma Courses is another means of distributing appropriate orthopaedic technology - The SIGN Orthopedic Conference held at headquarters has been a tremendous experience for the SIGN surgeons. However, the conference is limited to 150 participants and with the cost of airfare continuing to rise, it has been a long term goal of SIGN to establish regional trauma courses. In 2013, we partnered with other organizations to start a regional trauma course in Port au Prince Haiti and one in Dar es Salaam Tanzania. The Haiti course was organized in conjunction with Project Hope, Partners in Health, and SIGN Fracture Care International. Faculty came from surgeons that volunteer with SIGN and with Partners in Health. Lectures were also given by the local Haitian surgeons. The event was well received and nearly every Haitian orthopaedic surgeon attended. Plans were made to continue the conference in 2014.A similar format was implemented at Muhimbili Orthopedic Institute in Dar es Salaam. SIGN Fracture Care International partnered with the Institute for Global Orthopedics and Global Traumatology (IGOT) to develop the curriculum and attract faculty. The course was promoted to hospitals throughout Tanzania and East Africa. It was attended by 90 surgeons from several East African countries. This conference was also well received and plans were made to hold it again in 2014.</Desc>
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        <Desc>Implant Revenue</Desc>
        <BusinessCd>339110</BusinessCd>
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        <RelatedOrExemptFuncIncomeAmt>1395348</RelatedOrExemptFuncIncomeAmt>
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        <Desc>Other Revenue</Desc>
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        <RelatedOrExemptFuncIncomeAmt>22417</RelatedOrExemptFuncIncomeAmt>
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        <FundraisingAmt>30035</FundraisingAmt>
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        <ProgramServicesAmt>74161</ProgramServicesAmt>
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      <GiftsGrantsContrisRcvd509Grp>
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        <CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt>6180564</CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt>
        <CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt>2930527</CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt>
        <CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt>3002918</CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt>
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        <CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt>1380648</CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt>
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        <CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt>779946</CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt>
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        <CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt>4185809</CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt>
        <CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt>4576591</CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt>
        <CurrentTaxYearAmt>5625790</CurrentTaxYearAmt>
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      <InvestmentIncomeCYPct>0.03670</InvestmentIncomeCYPct>
      <InvestmentIncomePYPct>0.04170</InvestmentIncomePYPct>
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      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
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      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
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      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
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      <AccountActivitiesOutsideUSGrp>
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        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Form 990, Part III, Line 1</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>SIGN's mission is to build orthopaedic capacity in developing countries by providing ongoing training and education to the local orthopaedic surgeons, which is augmented by providing a sustainable supply of orthopaedic implants designed for use in primitive local hospital conditions. The majority of the implants and instruments provided to programs have been designed and manufactured by SIGN personnel. In-kind donations of products not manufactured by SIGN are distributed to some of the busier programs. According to the World Health Organization, the epidemic of injuries caused by road traffic accidents, work injuries and conflicts affects 20 to 50 million people every year. Ninety percent of the people injured live in developing countries where access to adequate care is limited. SIGN's mission to build the orthopaedic capacity within these countries will support the local surgeons in providing appropriate and timely care to the injured poor. At least 4000 surgeons in nearly 300 hospitals in 55 developing nations have benefited from SIGN training and the provision of implants and instruments. SIGN also responds to disasters in locations where SIGN has existing programs or where SIGN programs need to be developed.</ExplanationTxt>
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      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Form 990, Part VI, Section B, line 11</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>A draft of Form 990 is provided to SIGN's CEO. The Form 990 is presented for review to the board of directors at a board meeting. Any changes are then directed to the return preparer and addressed before the final return is filed.</ExplanationTxt>
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      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Form 990, Part VI, Section B, line 12c</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>The conflict of interest policy is monitored and reviewed by the Chief Compliance Officer. The Chief Compliance Officer requests annual conflict of interest statements from each board member. The statements are reviewed with the CEO/Secretary and dispositioned. The President is briefed on findings along with the full board.</ExplanationTxt>
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        <ExplanationTxt>An annual performance review is conducted for all employees including the CEO. The entity's size, industry, type of organization, and position of responsibilities are considered in determining compensation adjustments. According to the Organization's by-laws, the President is authorized to conduct the CEO's annual review and determine compensation.</ExplanationTxt>
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        <ExplanationTxt>The public may contact the Organization at it's physical location to request copies of its governing documents, conflicts of interest policy, and financial statements.</ExplanationTxt>
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        <USAddress>
          <AddressLine1>451 Hills Street Suite B</AddressLine1>
          <City>Richland</City>
          <State>WA</State>
          <ZIPCode>99352</ZIPCode>
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        <EIN>753089184</EIN>
        <PrimaryActivitiesTxt>Commercial Rental</PrimaryActivitiesTxt>
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