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        <Desc>African Studies Review</Desc>
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      <MethodOfAccountingAccrualInd>X</MethodOfAccountingAccrualInd>
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      <FSAuditedBasisGrp>
        <SeparateBasisFinclStmtInd>X</SeparateBasisFinclStmtInd>
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        <ContributorNum>RESTRICTED</ContributorNum>
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          <BusinessNameLine1>RESTRICTED</BusinessNameLine1>
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          <State>RESTRICTED</State>
          <ZIPCode>RESTRICTED</ZIPCode>
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        <TotalContributionsAmt>RESTRICTED</TotalContributionsAmt>
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        <EndYearBalanceAmt>137556</EndYearBalanceAmt>
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      <CYMinus1YrEndwmtFundGrp>
        <BeginningYearBalanceAmt>103287</BeginningYearBalanceAmt>
        <InvestmentEarningsOrLossesAmt>15375</InvestmentEarningsOrLossesAmt>
        <OtherExpendituresAmt>5165</OtherExpendituresAmt>
        <EndYearBalanceAmt>113497</EndYearBalanceAmt>
      </CYMinus1YrEndwmtFundGrp>
      <CYMinus2YrEndwmtFundGrp>
        <BeginningYearBalanceAmt>109300</BeginningYearBalanceAmt>
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        <OtherExpendituresAmt>1677</OtherExpendituresAmt>
        <EndYearBalanceAmt>103287</EndYearBalanceAmt>
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        <EndYearBalanceAmt>109300</EndYearBalanceAmt>
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      <FootnoteTextInd>X</FootnoteTextInd>
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      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Pt X Line 2</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>The Association adopted the accounting standard related to the recognition and measurement of uncertain tax positions. The adoption of this standard had no financial statement effect for The Association. The Association is no longer subject to federal and state tax examinations for the years prior to 2010.</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Pt V Line 4</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>The organization uses the permanent endowment to fund awards.</ExplanationTxt>
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        <Desc>Rent, Utilities, etc.</Desc>
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      </OtherNonCashContriTableGrp>
      <AnyPropertyThatMustBeHeldInd>false</AnyPropertyThatMustBeHeldInd>
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      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Pt VI, Line 7a</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>CANDIDATES FOR THE OFFICE OF DIRECTOR, WHO SHALL BE MEMBERS</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Pt VI, Line 7a</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>OF THE ASSOCIATION, SHALL BE NOMINATED BY THE MEMBERSHIP AT LARGE.</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Pt VI, Line 7a</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>PRIOR TO THE DATE OF THE ANNUAL BUSINESS MEETING OF THE MEMBERS,</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Pt VI, Line 7a</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>THE NOMINATING COMMITTEE SHALL NOMINATE AT LEAST ONE (1)</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Pt VI, Line 7a</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>BUT NOT MORE THAN THREE (3) PERSONS FOR EACH VACANCY ON THE BOARD.</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Pt VI, Line 7a</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>SUCH CANDIDATES SHALL BE PRESENTED TO THE MEMBERS OF THE CORPORATIONS</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Pt VI, Line 7a</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>AT THE ANNUAL BUSINESS MEETING OF THE CORPORATION AND THEIR</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Pt VI, Line 7a</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>NAMES SHALL APPEAR ON THE BALLOT AS "BOARD CANDIDATES".</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Pt VI, Line 7a</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>AT-LARGE CANDIDATES MAY BE NOMINATED BY SUBMITTING THEIR NAMES</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Pt VI, Line 7a</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>TO THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF THE CORPORATION NO LATER THAN SEVENTY-FIVE</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Pt VI, Line 7a</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>(75) DAYS FOLLOWING THE ANNUAL BUSINESS MEETING AND THEIR NAMES</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Pt VI, Line 7a</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>SHALL APPEAR ON THE BALLOT AS "AT-LARGE CANDIDATES". THE</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Pt VI, Line 7a</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>NOMINATION OF AN "AT-LARGE CANDIDATE' MUST BE SUPPORTED</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Pt VI, Line 7a</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>BY A PETITION CONTAINING THE SIGNATURES OF NO LESS THAN</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Pt VI, Line 7a</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>TWENTY-FIVE (25) MEMBERS AND A LETTER FROM THE CANDIDATE</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Pt VI, Line 7a</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>INDICATING A WILLINGNESS TO STAND FOR ELECTION.</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Pt VI, Line 7a</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>THE ELECTION OF THE DIRECTORS SHALL BE SUPERVISED AND</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Pt VI, Line 7a</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>ADMINISTERED BY THE ELECTIONS COMMITTEE WHICH SHALL</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Pt VI, Line 7a</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>PROVIDE BALLOTS TO ALL MEMBERS AT LEAST SIXTY (60) DAYS</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Pt VI, Line 7a</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>PRIOR TO THE ANNUAL BUSINESS MEETING. EACH MEMBER IN GOOD</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Pt VI, Line 7a</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>STANDING SHALL BE ENTITLED TO VOTE FOR ONE CANDIDATE FOR EACH VACANCY ON</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Pt VI, Line 7a</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>THE BOARD. BALLOTS MUST ARRIVE AT THE OFFICE OF THE EXECUTIVE</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Pt VI, Line 7a</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>DIRECTOR OF THE CORPORATION AT LEAST THIRTY (30) DAYS PRIOR</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Pt VI, Line 7a</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>TO THE ANNUAL BUSINESS MEETING. THE CANDIDATE RECEIVING</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Pt VI, Line 7a</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>THE HIGHEST NUMBER OF VOTES FOR EACH VACANCY SHALL BE ELECTED.</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Pt VI, Line 7a</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>IN THE EVENT OF A TIE VOTE, THE ELECTIONS COMMITTE SHALL</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Form 990, Part IX, Line 24f</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>HISTORY IN AFRICA 2140. 2140. BANK AND CREDIT CARD FEES 3638. 2930. 708. OFFICE SUPPLIES 5458. 1986. 3472. TELEPHONE 6416. 6416. REPAIRS AND MAINTENANCE 3600. 3600. OFFICE EQUIPMENT LEASE EXPENSE 2922. 2922. DUES AND SUBSCRIPTIONS 4738. 4567. 171. WAREHOUSE/INVENTORY FEES 3140. 300. 2840. COMPUTER SUPPLIES 6761. 5387. 1374. TAXES AND PERMITS 1085. 1085. PAYROLL PROCESSING FEES 1218. 1218. POSTAGE 473. 317. 156. STAFF DEVELOPMENT AND TRAINING 1031. 1031. ASR EDITOR'S PROJECT FUND 3922. 3922. HIA</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Pt VI, Line 7a</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>HOLD A RUN-OFF ELECTION AT THE ANNUAL BUSINESS MEETING IN</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Pt VI, Line 7a</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>ACCORDANCE WITH PROCEDURES TO BE DETERMINED BY SAID COMMITTE.</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Pt VI, Line 12c</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>The Executive Director ensures that the Conflict of Interest statements</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Pt VI, Line 12c</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>are signed each year. The statements are maintained in the ASA Filed.</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Pt VI, Line 6</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>ASA Members are those persons who pay dues each year for membership.</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Pt VI, Line 11b</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>The form 990 is presented in an electronic format to all</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Pt VI, Line 11b</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>board members for review and is discussed during the</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Pt VI, Line 11b</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>executive committees teleconference.</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Pt VI, Line 15a</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>We consult several external studies of non-profit compensation</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Pt VI, Line 15a</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>and benchmark our salaries to this data. We also consult</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Pt VI, Line 15b</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>with the American Council of Learned Societies for</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Pt VI, Line 15b</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>salary benchmarks for similar associations.</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Pt VI, Line 3</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>The association contracted with an outside service to</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Pt VI, Line 3</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>provide executive director services.</ExplanationTxt>
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