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        <ExplanationTxt>GSMA Mobile for Development Foundation, Inc. develops and engages in projects that advance charitable, educational, literary or scientific purposes, within the meaning of Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code, and is exempt from federal income tax as an organization described by Section 501(c)(3). Specifically, the Foundation was created for the purpose of developing and engaging in projects that utilize mobile communications to relieve the poor, the distressed or the under privileged. The Foundation annually evaluates all federal and state income tax positions. This process includes an analysis of whether these income tax positions the Foundation takes meet the definition of an uncertain tax position under the Income Taxes Topic of the Financial Accounting Standards Codification. In the normal course of business, the Foundation is subject to examination by the federal and state taxing authorities. In general, the Foundation is no longer subject to tax examinations for the tax years ending before March 31, 2010.</ExplanationTxt>
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        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>PART I, LINE 2</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>The Foundation has implemented a program management process which requires periodic activity reports which detail the program service activities occurring outside of the US, as well as, conducting regular reviews and discussions between the program managers and staff. In addition, each grantor has specific reporting requirements that provide an additional layer of oversight on program service activities that occur outside of the US.</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>PARTS I &amp; 2</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>All FOREIGN grantee organizations received payments from the foundation in US dollars and are reported on Schedule F, Parts I and II.</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
    </IRS990ScheduleF>
    <IRS990ScheduleI documentId="IRS990ScheduleI">
      <GrantRecordsMaintainedInd>true</GrantRecordsMaintainedInd>
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        <RecipientBusinessName>
          <BusinessNameLine1>ECOENERGYFINANCE</BusinessNameLine1>
        </RecipientBusinessName>
        <USAddress>
          <AddressLine1>2307 15th St NW Suite 1</AddressLine1>
          <City>Washington</City>
          <State>DC</State>
          <ZIPCode>20009</ZIPCode>
        </USAddress>
        <RecipientEIN>264510921</RecipientEIN>
        <IRCSectionDesc>501(c)(3)</IRCSectionDesc>
        <CashGrantAmt>8374</CashGrantAmt>
        <PurposeOfGrantTxt>M4D UTILITIES PROGRAM: TO PILOT MOBILE-ENABLED PAY-AS-YOU-GO FINANCING FOR SOLAR ENERGY SOLUTIONS IN PAKISTAN.</PurposeOfGrantTxt>
      </RecipientTable>
      <RecipientTable>
        <RecipientBusinessName>
          <BusinessNameLine1>FENIX INTERNATIONAL INC</BusinessNameLine1>
        </RecipientBusinessName>
        <USAddress>
          <AddressLine1>1500 17th St</AddressLine1>
          <City>SAN FRANCISCO</City>
          <State>CA</State>
          <ZIPCode>94107</ZIPCode>
        </USAddress>
        <RecipientEIN>270698071</RecipientEIN>
        <CashGrantAmt>373333</CashGrantAmt>
        <PurposeOfGrantTxt>M4D UTILITIES PROGRAM: TO TRIAL THE SALE OF MOBILE ENABLED PAY-AS-YOU-GO SYSTEMS FOR HOME SOLAR SYSTEMS IN UGANDA.</PurposeOfGrantTxt>
      </RecipientTable>
      <RecipientTable>
        <RecipientBusinessName>
          <BusinessNameLine1>HUMAN NETWORK INTERNATIONAL</BusinessNameLine1>
        </RecipientBusinessName>
        <USAddress>
          <AddressLine1>1120 19TH ST NW</AddressLine1>
          <City>WASHINGTON</City>
          <State>DC</State>
          <ZIPCode>20036</ZIPCode>
        </USAddress>
        <RecipientEIN>562666977</RecipientEIN>
        <IRCSectionDesc>501(c)(3)</IRCSectionDesc>
        <CashGrantAmt>40000</CashGrantAmt>
        <PurposeOfGrantTxt>GSMA CONNECTED WOMEN PROGRAMME</PurposeOfGrantTxt>
      </RecipientTable>
      <RecipientTable>
        <RecipientBusinessName>
          <BusinessNameLine1>NEXTDROP INC</BusinessNameLine1>
        </RecipientBusinessName>
        <USAddress>
          <AddressLine1>11586 OAKWOOD DRIVE</AddressLine1>
          <City>FONTANA</City>
          <State>CA</State>
          <ZIPCode>92337</ZIPCode>
        </USAddress>
        <RecipientEIN>453200254</RecipientEIN>
        <CashGrantAmt>49397</CashGrantAmt>
        <PurposeOfGrantTxt>M4D UTILITIES PROGRAM</PurposeOfGrantTxt>
      </RecipientTable>
      <RecipientTable>
        <RecipientBusinessName>
          <BusinessNameLine1>PORTLAND STATE UNIVERSITY</BusinessNameLine1>
        </RecipientBusinessName>
        <USAddress>
          <AddressLine1>1825 SW BROADWAY</AddressLine1>
          <City>PORTLAND</City>
          <State>OR</State>
          <ZIPCode>97201</ZIPCode>
        </USAddress>
        <RecipientEIN>481278529</RecipientEIN>
        <IRCSectionDesc>501(c)(3)</IRCSectionDesc>
        <CashGrantAmt>147370</CashGrantAmt>
        <PurposeOfGrantTxt>M4D UTILITIES PROGRAM: TO INSTALL AND TEST 200 MACHINE ENABLED CELLULAR REPORTING SENSORS ON HAND PUMPS ACROSS RWANDA.</PurposeOfGrantTxt>
      </RecipientTable>
      <Total501c3OrgCnt>3</Total501c3OrgCnt>
      <TotalOtherOrgCnt>2</TotalOtherOrgCnt>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>PART I, LINE 2</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>The Foundation has implemented a program management process which requires periodic activity reports which detail the program service activities, as well as, conducting regular reviews and discussions between the program managers and staff. addition, each grantor has specific reporting requirements that provide an additional layer of oversight on program service activities.</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
    </IRS990ScheduleI>
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      <CompensationSurveyInd>X</CompensationSurveyInd>
      <BoardOrCommitteeApprovalInd>X</BoardOrCommitteeApprovalInd>
      <SeverancePaymentInd>false</SeverancePaymentInd>
      <SupplementalNonqualRtrPlanInd>false</SupplementalNonqualRtrPlanInd>
      <EquityBasedCompArrngmInd>false</EquityBasedCompArrngmInd>
      <CompBasedOnRevenueOfFlngOrgInd>false</CompBasedOnRevenueOfFlngOrgInd>
      <CompBsdOnRevRelatedOrgsInd>false</CompBsdOnRevRelatedOrgsInd>
      <CompBsdNetEarnsFlngOrgInd>false</CompBsdNetEarnsFlngOrgInd>
      <CompBsdNetEarnsRltdOrgsInd>false</CompBsdNetEarnsRltdOrgsInd>
      <AnyNonFixedPaymentsInd>false</AnyNonFixedPaymentsInd>
      <InitialContractExceptionInd>false</InitialContractExceptionInd>
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        <PersonNm>David Frolio</PersonNm>
        <TitleTxt>SECRETARY</TitleTxt>
        <BaseCompensationFilingOrgAmt>0</BaseCompensationFilingOrgAmt>
        <CompensationBasedOnRltdOrgsAmt>309568</CompensationBasedOnRltdOrgsAmt>
        <BonusFilingOrganizationAmount>0</BonusFilingOrganizationAmount>
        <BonusRelatedOrganizationsAmt>115994</BonusRelatedOrganizationsAmt>
        <OtherCompensationFilingOrgAmt>0</OtherCompensationFilingOrgAmt>
        <DeferredCompensationFlngOrgAmt>0</DeferredCompensationFlngOrgAmt>
        <DeferredCompRltdOrgsAmt>10021</DeferredCompRltdOrgsAmt>
        <NontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt>8657</NontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt>
        <TotalCompensationFilingOrgAmt>0</TotalCompensationFilingOrgAmt>
        <TotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>444240</TotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>
      </RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp>
      <RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp>
        <PersonNm>Lawrence Yanovitch</PersonNm>
        <TitleTxt>President</TitleTxt>
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        <BonusRelatedOrganizationsAmt>36065</BonusRelatedOrganizationsAmt>
        <NontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt>1221</NontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt>
        <TotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>233191</TotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>
      </RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp>
      <RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp>
        <PersonNm>Seema Desai</PersonNm>
        <TitleTxt>Director - MMU</TitleTxt>
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        <BonusRelatedOrganizationsAmt>22996</BonusRelatedOrganizationsAmt>
        <DeferredCompRltdOrgsAmt>4413</DeferredCompRltdOrgsAmt>
        <NontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt>1644</NontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt>
        <TotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>176141</TotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>
      </RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp>
      <RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp>
        <PersonNm>Maria Yasmina McCarty</PersonNm>
        <TitleTxt>Senior Manager - MMU</TitleTxt>
        <CompensationBasedOnRltdOrgsAmt>129246</CompensationBasedOnRltdOrgsAmt>
        <BonusRelatedOrganizationsAmt>15361</BonusRelatedOrganizationsAmt>
        <DeferredCompRltdOrgsAmt>5566</DeferredCompRltdOrgsAmt>
        <NontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt>3288</NontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt>
        <TotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>153461</TotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>
      </RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp>
      <RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp>
        <PersonNm>Beth Gertz</PersonNm>
        <TitleTxt>DIRECTOR - MWOMEN</TitleTxt>
        <CompensationBasedOnRltdOrgsAmt>168497</CompensationBasedOnRltdOrgsAmt>
        <BonusRelatedOrganizationsAmt>23908</BonusRelatedOrganizationsAmt>
        <DeferredCompRltdOrgsAmt>12274</DeferredCompRltdOrgsAmt>
        <NontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt>1189</NontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt>
        <TotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>205868</TotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>
      </RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp>
      <RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp>
        <PersonNm>Fiona Smith</PersonNm>
        <TitleTxt>Director - mAgri</TitleTxt>
        <CompensationBasedOnRltdOrgsAmt>133036</CompensationBasedOnRltdOrgsAmt>
        <BonusRelatedOrganizationsAmt>20128</BonusRelatedOrganizationsAmt>
        <DeferredCompRltdOrgsAmt>7674</DeferredCompRltdOrgsAmt>
        <NontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt>1644</NontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt>
        <TotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>162482</TotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>
      </RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp>
      <RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp>
        <PersonNm>ANNE BOUVEROT</PersonNm>
        <TitleTxt>BOARD MEMBER</TitleTxt>
        <CompensationBasedOnRltdOrgsAmt>516219</CompensationBasedOnRltdOrgsAmt>
        <BonusRelatedOrganizationsAmt>301855</BonusRelatedOrganizationsAmt>
        <DeferredCompRltdOrgsAmt>129055</DeferredCompRltdOrgsAmt>
        <NontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt>4896</NontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt>
        <TotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>952025</TotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>
      </RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp>
    </IRS990ScheduleJ>
    <IRS990ScheduleO documentId="IRS990ScheduleO">
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Part III, Line 4d</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>The m-Agri Programme catalyses scalable, commercial mobile services that improve the productivity and incomes of smallholder farmers in emerging markets. Through our mFarmer Initiative, the GSMA mAgri programme works with mobile operators, the development community and agricultural organisations to facilitate the creation of scalable, replicable and commercially sustainable agricultural information and advisory services. The Initiative includes challenge fund grants, provision of digitised agricultural content via an online database, technical assistance, sharing of best practices and impact evaluation.Since its inception in 2009, the GSMA mAgri programme has supported 2 pilot projects in India and Kenya, benefiting over 1.5 million farmers in the two countries. We have subsequently provided grants to 4 mobile operators under the mFarmer Initiative to develop agricultural information and advisory services that will benefit over 2 million additional farmers.</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Part VI, Line 2</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>Two directors of the company, David Frolio and Anne Bouverot, had a business relationship during the tax year.</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Part VI, Line 6</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>The Company is a nonprofit corporation formed under Georgia law. Its sole member is the GSM Association, acting through its United States branch office.</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Part VI, Line 7b</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>The Company's annual operating budget is subject to approval by the Board Members and of the sole member, GSM Association.</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Part VI, Line 11b</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>The 990 is reviewed by senior members of the management team and outside legal counsel.</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Part VI, Line 12c</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>Directors and officers are required to execute annual written certifications of compliance with the conflict of interest policy. Any exceptions must be disclosed and reviewed by the organization. The directors and officers have certified their compliance with the policy for this tax year.</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Part VI, Lines 15a &amp; 15b</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>The parent company human resources staff performs benchmarking studies to determine all officer compensation packages. These studies utilize external data on each element of the packages including base salary, incentive compenstation, and benefit programs. The parent company CEO approved the compensation's package for the organization's CEO and other officers.</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Part VI, Line 19</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>The company maintains public disclosure copies of its governing documents, conflict of interest policy and financial statements at its principal office. These copies are available upon a written or in-person request for access.</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Part XI, Line 9</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>UNREALIZED FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSLATION ADJUSTMENTS: ($ 142,613).</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
    </IRS990ScheduleO>
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        <DisregardedEntityName>
          <BusinessNameLine1>GSM Association</BusinessNameLine1>
        </DisregardedEntityName>
        <ForeignAddress>
          <AddressLine1>Floor 2 25 walbrook walbrook bldg</AddressLine1>
          <City>london</City>
          <Country>UK</Country>
          <PostalCode>EC4N 8AF</PostalCode>
        </ForeignAddress>
        <EIN>980506316</EIN>
        <PrimaryActivitiesTxt>Trade Assoc.</PrimaryActivitiesTxt>
        <LegalDomicileForeignCountryCd>UK</LegalDomicileForeignCountryCd>
        <ExemptCodeSectionTxt>501(c)(6)</ExemptCodeSectionTxt>
      </IdRelatedTaxExemptOrgGrp>
      <IdRelatedTaxExemptOrgGrp>
        <DisregardedEntityName>
          <BusinessNameLine1>GSMA Limited</BusinessNameLine1>
        </DisregardedEntityName>
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          <AddressLine1>1000 Abernathy Road Suite 450</AddressLine1>
          <City>atlanta</City>
          <State>GA</State>
          <ZIPCode>30328</ZIPCode>
        </USAddress>
        <EIN>204991061</EIN>
        <PrimaryActivitiesTxt>trade assoc.</PrimaryActivitiesTxt>
        <LegalDomicileStateCd>GA</LegalDomicileStateCd>
        <ExemptCodeSectionTxt>501(c)(6)</ExemptCodeSectionTxt>
      </IdRelatedTaxExemptOrgGrp>
      <ReceiptOfIntAnntsRntsRyltsInd>false</ReceiptOfIntAnntsRntsRyltsInd>
      <GiftGrntOrCapContriToOthOrgInd>false</GiftGrntOrCapContriToOthOrgInd>
      <GiftGrntCapContriFromOthOrgInd>true</GiftGrntCapContriFromOthOrgInd>
      <LoansOrGuaranteesToOtherOrgInd>true</LoansOrGuaranteesToOtherOrgInd>
      <LoansOrGuaranteesFromOthOrgInd>true</LoansOrGuaranteesFromOthOrgInd>
      <DivRelatedOrganizationInd>false</DivRelatedOrganizationInd>
      <AssetSaleToOtherOrgInd>false</AssetSaleToOtherOrgInd>
      <AssetPurchaseFromOtherOrgInd>false</AssetPurchaseFromOtherOrgInd>
      <AssetExchangeInd>false</AssetExchangeInd>
      <RentalOfFacilitiesToOthOrgInd>false</RentalOfFacilitiesToOthOrgInd>
      <RentalOfFcltsFromOthOrgInd>false</RentalOfFcltsFromOthOrgInd>
      <PerformOfServicesForOthOrgInd>false</PerformOfServicesForOthOrgInd>
      <PerformOfServicesByOtherOrgInd>false</PerformOfServicesByOtherOrgInd>
      <SharingOfFacilitiesInd>true</SharingOfFacilitiesInd>
      <PaidEmployeesSharingInd>true</PaidEmployeesSharingInd>
      <ReimbursementPaidToOtherOrgInd>true</ReimbursementPaidToOtherOrgInd>
      <ReimbursementPaidByOtherOrgInd>true</ReimbursementPaidByOtherOrgInd>
      <TransferToOtherOrgInd>false</TransferToOtherOrgInd>
      <TransferFromOtherOrgInd>false</TransferFromOtherOrgInd>
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          <BusinessNameLine1>GSM Association</BusinessNameLine1>
        </OtherOrganizationName>
        <TransactionTypeTxt>o</TransactionTypeTxt>
        <InvolvedAmt>1114849</InvolvedAmt>
      </TransactionsRelatedOrgGrp>
      <TransactionsRelatedOrgGrp>
        <OtherOrganizationName>
          <BusinessNameLine1>GSMA Limited</BusinessNameLine1>
        </OtherOrganizationName>
        <TransactionTypeTxt>o</TransactionTypeTxt>
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      <TransactionsRelatedOrgGrp>
        <OtherOrganizationName>
          <BusinessNameLine1>GSM Association</BusinessNameLine1>
        </OtherOrganizationName>
        <TransactionTypeTxt>D</TransactionTypeTxt>
        <InvolvedAmt>4076394</InvolvedAmt>
      </TransactionsRelatedOrgGrp>
      <TransactionsRelatedOrgGrp>
        <OtherOrganizationName>
          <BusinessNameLine1>GSMA Limited</BusinessNameLine1>
        </OtherOrganizationName>
        <TransactionTypeTxt>D</TransactionTypeTxt>
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      <TransactionsRelatedOrgGrp>
        <OtherOrganizationName>
          <BusinessNameLine1>GSM Association</BusinessNameLine1>
        </OtherOrganizationName>
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      <TransactionsRelatedOrgGrp>
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          <BusinessNameLine1>GSMA Limited</BusinessNameLine1>
        </OtherOrganizationName>
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      </TransactionsRelatedOrgGrp>
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          <BusinessNameLine1>GSMA Limited</BusinessNameLine1>
        </OtherOrganizationName>
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      </TransactionsRelatedOrgGrp>
      <TransactionsRelatedOrgGrp>
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          <BusinessNameLine1>GSM Association</BusinessNameLine1>
        </OtherOrganizationName>
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      </TransactionsRelatedOrgGrp>
    </IRS990ScheduleR>
  </ReturnData>
</Return>