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        <Desc>African Studies Review</Desc>
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        <ManagementAndGeneralAmt>24563</ManagementAndGeneralAmt>
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        <ProgramServicesAmt>4964</ProgramServicesAmt>
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        <ProgramServicesAmt>598</ProgramServicesAmt>
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        <ProgramServicesAmt>455791</ProgramServicesAmt>
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        <EOYAmt>217060</EOYAmt>
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        <EOYAmt>189098</EOYAmt>
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        <EOYAmt>10722</EOYAmt>
      </PrepaidExpensesDefrdChargesGrp>
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        <EOYAmt>91450</EOYAmt>
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        <EOYAmt>91450</EOYAmt>
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      <OrganizationFollowsSFAS117Ind>X</OrganizationFollowsSFAS117Ind>
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        <BOYAmt>1272494</BOYAmt>
        <EOYAmt>1333156</EOYAmt>
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      <TemporarilyRstrNetAssetsGrp>
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        <EOYAmt>97469</EOYAmt>
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      <PermanentlyRstrNetAssetsGrp>
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        <EOYAmt>140562</EOYAmt>
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      <TotalNetAssetsFundBalanceGrp>
        <BOYAmt>1521175</BOYAmt>
        <EOYAmt>1571187</EOYAmt>
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      <TotLiabNetAssetsFundBalanceGrp>
        <BOYAmt>1550912</BOYAmt>
        <EOYAmt>1662637</EOYAmt>
      </TotLiabNetAssetsFundBalanceGrp>
      <ReconcilationRevenueExpnssAmt>-11812</ReconcilationRevenueExpnssAmt>
      <NetUnrlzdGainsLossesInvstAmt>61824</NetUnrlzdGainsLossesInvstAmt>
      <MethodOfAccountingAccrualInd>X</MethodOfAccountingAccrualInd>
      <AccountantCompileOrReviewInd>false</AccountantCompileOrReviewInd>
      <FSAuditedInd>true</FSAuditedInd>
      <FSAuditedBasisGrp>
        <SeparateBasisFinclStmtInd>X</SeparateBasisFinclStmtInd>
      </FSAuditedBasisGrp>
      <AuditCommitteeInd>true</AuditCommitteeInd>
      <FederalGrantAuditRequiredInd>false</FederalGrantAuditRequiredInd>
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    <IRS990ScheduleA documentId="00000002" softwareId="14000261">
      <PubliclySupportedOrg509a2Ind>X</PubliclySupportedOrg509a2Ind>
      <PublicSupportTotal170Amt>0</PublicSupportTotal170Amt>
      <GrossInvestmentIncome170Grp>
        <TotalAmt>0</TotalAmt>
      </GrossInvestmentIncome170Grp>
      <PublicSupportCY170Pct>0</PublicSupportCY170Pct>
      <GiftsGrantsContrisRcvd509Grp>
        <CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt>324272</CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt>
        <CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt>289273</CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt>
        <CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt>415089</CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt>
        <CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt>299490</CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt>
        <CurrentTaxYearAmt>289699</CurrentTaxYearAmt>
        <TotalAmt>1617823</TotalAmt>
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      <GrossReceiptsAdmissionsGrp>
        <CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt>366650</CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt>
        <CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt>390403</CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt>
        <CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt>389596</CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt>
        <CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt>424797</CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt>
        <CurrentTaxYearAmt>436181</CurrentTaxYearAmt>
        <TotalAmt>2007627</TotalAmt>
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      <Total509Grp>
        <CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt>690922</CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt>
        <CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt>679676</CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt>
        <CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt>804685</CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt>
        <CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt>724287</CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt>
        <CurrentTaxYearAmt>725880</CurrentTaxYearAmt>
        <TotalAmt>3625450</TotalAmt>
      </Total509Grp>
      <PublicSupportTotal509Amt>3625450</PublicSupportTotal509Amt>
      <GrossInvestmentIncome509Grp>
        <CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt>13415</CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt>
        <CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt>11908</CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt>
        <CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt>14683</CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt>
        <CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt>12374</CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt>
        <TotalAmt>52380</TotalAmt>
      </GrossInvestmentIncome509Grp>
      <InvestmentIncomeAndUBTIGrp>
        <CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt>13415</CurrentTaxYearMinus4YearsAmt>
        <CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt>11908</CurrentTaxYearMinus3YearsAmt>
        <CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt>14683</CurrentTaxYearMinus2YearsAmt>
        <CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt>12374</CurrentTaxYearMinus1YearAmt>
        <TotalAmt>52380</TotalAmt>
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      <TotalSupportCalendarYearGrp>
        <TotalAmt>3677830</TotalAmt>
      </TotalSupportCalendarYearGrp>
      <PublicSupportCY509Pct>0.98580</PublicSupportCY509Pct>
      <PublicSupportPY509Pct>0.98170</PublicSupportPY509Pct>
      <InvestmentIncomeCYPct>0.01420</InvestmentIncomeCYPct>
      <InvestmentIncomePYPct>0.01830</InvestmentIncomePYPct>
      <ThirtyThrPctSuprtTestsCY509Ind>X</ThirtyThrPctSuprtTestsCY509Ind>
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    <IRS990ScheduleB documentId="00000003">
      <ContributorInformationGrp>
        <ContributorNum>RESTRICTED</ContributorNum>
        <ContributorBusinessName>
          <BusinessNameLine1>RESTRICTED</BusinessNameLine1>
        </ContributorBusinessName>
        <ContributorUSAddress>
          <AddressLine1>RESTRICTED</AddressLine1>
          <AddressLine2>RESTRICTED</AddressLine2>
          <City>RESTRICTED</City>
          <State>RESTRICTED</State>
          <ZIPCode>RESTRICTED</ZIPCode>
        </ContributorUSAddress>
        <TotalContributionsAmt>RESTRICTED</TotalContributionsAmt>
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    <IRS990ScheduleD documentId="00000004" softwareId="14000261">
      <CYEndwmtFundGrp>
        <BeginningYearBalanceAmt>137556</BeginningYearBalanceAmt>
        <InvestmentEarningsOrLossesAmt>8973</InvestmentEarningsOrLossesAmt>
        <OtherExpendituresAmt>5967</OtherExpendituresAmt>
        <EndYearBalanceAmt>140562</EndYearBalanceAmt>
      </CYEndwmtFundGrp>
      <CYMinus1YrEndwmtFundGrp>
        <BeginningYearBalanceAmt>113497</BeginningYearBalanceAmt>
        <InvestmentEarningsOrLossesAmt>29555</InvestmentEarningsOrLossesAmt>
        <OtherExpendituresAmt>5496</OtherExpendituresAmt>
        <EndYearBalanceAmt>137556</EndYearBalanceAmt>
      </CYMinus1YrEndwmtFundGrp>
      <CYMinus2YrEndwmtFundGrp>
        <BeginningYearBalanceAmt>103287</BeginningYearBalanceAmt>
        <InvestmentEarningsOrLossesAmt>15375</InvestmentEarningsOrLossesAmt>
        <OtherExpendituresAmt>5165</OtherExpendituresAmt>
        <EndYearBalanceAmt>113497</EndYearBalanceAmt>
      </CYMinus2YrEndwmtFundGrp>
      <CYMinus3YrEndwmtFundGrp>
        <BeginningYearBalanceAmt>109300</BeginningYearBalanceAmt>
        <InvestmentEarningsOrLossesAmt>-4336</InvestmentEarningsOrLossesAmt>
        <OtherExpendituresAmt>1677</OtherExpendituresAmt>
        <EndYearBalanceAmt>103287</EndYearBalanceAmt>
      </CYMinus3YrEndwmtFundGrp>
      <CYMinus4YrEndwmtFundGrp>
        <BeginningYearBalanceAmt>99000</BeginningYearBalanceAmt>
        <InvestmentEarningsOrLossesAmt>11751</InvestmentEarningsOrLossesAmt>
        <OtherExpendituresAmt>1451</OtherExpendituresAmt>
        <EndYearBalanceAmt>109300</EndYearBalanceAmt>
      </CYMinus4YrEndwmtFundGrp>
      <EndowmentsHeldUnrelatedOrgInd>false</EndowmentsHeldUnrelatedOrgInd>
      <EndowmentsHeldRelatedOrgInd>false</EndowmentsHeldRelatedOrgInd>
      <EquipmentGrp>
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        <DepreciationAmt>165373</DepreciationAmt>
        <BookValueAmt>20408</BookValueAmt>
      </EquipmentGrp>
      <TotalBookValueLandBuildingsAmt>20408</TotalBookValueLandBuildingsAmt>
      <FootnoteTextInd>X</FootnoteTextInd>
      <TotalRevEtcAuditedFinclStmtAmt>882960</TotalRevEtcAuditedFinclStmtAmt>
      <NetUnrealizedGainsInvstAmt>61824</NetUnrealizedGainsInvstAmt>
      <DonatedServicesAndUseFcltsAmt>79296</DonatedServicesAndUseFcltsAmt>
      <RevenueNotReportedAmt>141120</RevenueNotReportedAmt>
      <RevenueSubtotalAmt>741840</RevenueSubtotalAmt>
      <TotalRevenuePerForm990Amt>741840</TotalRevenuePerForm990Amt>
      <TotExpnsEtcAuditedFinclStmtAmt>832948</TotExpnsEtcAuditedFinclStmtAmt>
      <DonatedServicesUseFcltsAmt>79296</DonatedServicesUseFcltsAmt>
      <ExpensesNotReportedAmt>79296</ExpensesNotReportedAmt>
      <ExpensesSubtotalAmt>753652</ExpensesSubtotalAmt>
      <TotalExpensesPerForm990Amt>753652</TotalExpensesPerForm990Amt>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Pt X, Line 2</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>ASA adopted the accounting standard related to the recognition and measurement of uncertain tax positions. The adoption of this standard had no financial statement effect for ASA. ASA is no longer subject to federal and state tax examinations for the years prior to 2011.</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Pt V, Line 4</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>The organization uses the permanent endowment to fund awards.</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
    </IRS990ScheduleD>
    <IRS990ScheduleM documentId="00000005">
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        <NonCashCheckboxInd>X</NonCashCheckboxInd>
        <Desc>Rent, Utilities, etc</Desc>
        <ContributionCnt>1</ContributionCnt>
        <NoncashContributionsRptF990Amt>79296</NoncashContributionsRptF990Amt>
      </OtherNonCashContriTableGrp>
      <AnyPropertyThatMustBeHeldInd>false</AnyPropertyThatMustBeHeldInd>
      <ReviewProcessUnusualNCGiftsInd>false</ReviewProcessUnusualNCGiftsInd>
      <ThirdPartiesUsedInd>false</ThirdPartiesUsedInd>
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    <IRS990ScheduleO documentId="00000006" softwareId="14000261">
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Pt VI, Line 7a</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>CANDIDATES FOR THE OFFICE OF DIRECTOR, WHO SHALL BE MEMBERS OF THE ASSOCIATION, SHALL BE NOMINATED BY THE MEMBERSHIP AT LARGE. PRIOR TO THE DATE OF THE ANNUAL BUSINESS MEETING OF THE MEMBERS, THE NOMINATING COMMITTEE SHALL NOMINATE AT LEAST ONE (1) BUT NOT MORE THAN THREE (3) PERSONS FOR EACH VACANCY ON THE BOARD. SUCH CANDIDATES SHALL BE PRESENTED TO THE MEMBERS OF THE CORPORATIONS AT THE ANNUAL BUSINESS MEETING OF THE CORPORATION AND THEIR NAMES SHALL APPEAR ON THE BALLOT AS "BOARD CANDIDATES". AT-LARGE CANDIDATES MAY BE NOMINATED BY SUBMITTING THEIR NAMES TO THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF THE CORPORATION NO LATER THAN SEVENTY-FIVE (75) DAYS FOLLOWING THE ANNUAL BUSINESS MEETING AND THEIR NAMES SHALL APPEAR ON THE BALLOT AS "AT-LARGE CANDIDATES". THE NOMINATION OF AN "AT-LARGE CANDIDATE' MUST BE SUPPORTED BY A PETITION CONTAINING THE SIGNATURES OF NO LESS THAN TWENTY-FIVE (25) MEMBERS AND A LETTER FROM THE CANDIDATE INDICATING A WILLINGNESS TO STAND FOR ELECTION. THE ELECTION OF THE DIRECTORS SHALL BE SUPERVISED AND ADMINISTERED BY THE ELECTIONS COMMITTEE WHICH SHALL PROVIDE BALLOTS TO ALL MEMBERS AT LEAST SIXTY (60) DAYS PRIOR TO THE ANNUAL BUSINESS MEETING. EACH MEMBER IN GOOD STANDING SHALL BE ENTITLED TO VOTE FOR ONE CANDIDATE FOR EACH VACANCY ON THE BOARD. BALLOTS MUST ARRIVE AT THE OFFICE OF THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF THE CORPORATION AT LEAST THIRTY (30) DAYS PRIOR TO THE ANNUAL BUSINESS MEETING. THE CANDIDATE RECEIVING THE HIGHEST NUMBER OF VOTES FOR EACH VACANCY SHALL BE ELECTED. IN THE EVENT OF A TIE VOTE, THE ELECTIONS COMMITTE SHALL HOLD A RUN-OFF ELECTION AT THE ANNUAL BUSINESS MEETING IN ACCORDANCE WITH PROCEDURES TO BE DETERMINED BY SAID COMMITTEE.</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Pt VI, Line 12c</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>The Executive Director ensures that the Conflict of Interest statements are signed each year. The statements are maintained at the ASA offices.</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Pt VI, Line 6</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>ASA Members are those persons who pay dues each year for membership.</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Pt VI, Line 11b</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>The form 990 is presented in an electronic format to all board members for review and is discussed during the executive committee's teleconference.</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Pt VI, Line 15a</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>We consult several external studies of non-profit compensation and benchmark our salaries to this data.</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Pt VI, Line 15b</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>We also consult with the American Council of Learned Societies for salary benchmarks for similar associations.</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Pt VI, Line 3</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>The association contracted with an outside service to provide executive director services.</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Form 990, Part IX, Line 24f</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>HISTORY IN AFRICA 220. 0. 220. 0. BANK AND CREDIT CARD FEES 2895. 1068. 1827. 0. OFFICE SUPPLIES 5175. 4217. 958. 0. TELEPHONE 2902. 3360. -458. 0. OFFICE EQUIPMENT LEASE EXPENSE 2986. 3028. -42. 0. DUES AND SUBSCRIPTIONS 4380. 4290. 90. 0. WAREHOUSE/INVENTORY FEES 3948. 1800. 2148. 0. COMPUTER SUPPLIES 2230. 2107. 123. 0. TAXES AND PERMITS 253. 253. 0. 0. PAYROLL PROCESSING FEES 1478. 1478. 0. 0. POSTAGE 371. 371. 0. 0. STAFF DEVELOPMENT AND TRAINING 2108. 2108. 0. 0. ASR EDITOR'S PROJECT FUND</ExplanationTxt>
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    </IRS990ScheduleO>
  </ReturnData>
</Return>