2016-04-15T07:46:38-05:00 2015-06-30 560747981 DIXON HUGHES GOODMAN LLP 500 RIDGEFIELD COURT ASHEVILLE NC 28806 990 2014-07-01 561479699 GASTON MEMORIAL HOSPITAL FOUNDATION INC GAST 7048342000 2525 COURT DRIVE PO BOX 1747 GASTONIA NC 28054 SIGNING OFFICER EVP, CFO 7048342000 2016-03-25 1 AMY BIBBY P00445891 8282542254 2014 2016-08-17 19:52:53Z DAVID O'CONNOR 2525 COURT DRIVE PO BOX 1747 GASTONIA NC 28054 8493442 0 X WWW.CAROMONT.ORG X 1985 NC TO RAISE MONEY TO FUND PROGRAMS, INITIATIVES, AND CAPITAL PROJECTS THAT ARE CENTERED ON MEETING THE MEDICAL NEEDS OF THE COMMUNITIES WE SERVE. 13 12 2 0 0 0 314815 739624 0 0 1193814 1432169 0 0 1508629 2171793 692838 498993 0 0 111009 233927 0 0 0 109253 134795 913100 867715 595529 1304078 20921013 21591133 30238 38933 20890775 21552200 X TO RAISE MONEY TO FUND PROGRAMS, INITIATIVES, AND CAPITAL PROJECTS THAT ARE CENTERED ON MEETING THE MEDICAL NEEDS OF THE COMMUNITIES WE SERVE. 0 0 867715 498993 2171793 SEE SCHEDULE OA DOLLAR CAN GO A LONG WAY IN BUILDING A HEALTHY COMMUNITY. WHEN OUR SUPPORTERS DONATE TO CAROMONT HEALTH FOUNDATION, THEIR CONTRIBUTIONS FUND THE PROGRAMS, INITIATIVES AND EQUIPMENT THAT ARE ESSENTIAL TO MEET THE MEDICAL NEEDS OF THOSE WE SERVE. EVERY DOLLAR IS AN INVESTMENT IN A HEALTHY FUTURE FOR GASTON COUNTY. FOR THE GENEROUS DONORS WHO PARTNER WITH CAROMONT HEALTH FOUNDATION, THAT INVESTMENT CAN TRANSLATE TO FUNDING FOR COMMUNITY SUPPORT, EDUCATION OPPORTUNITIES, SCHOLARSHIPS, COMMUNITY HEALTH SCREENINGS AND MORE. IN ADDITION, THE FOUNDATION DISPERSES GRANTS FOR PROGRAMS THAT TACKLE THE TOUGH HEALTHCARE ISSUES IN OUR REGION. THESE FUNDS HAVE GONE TO SUPPORT IMPORTANT WORK SUCH AS OUR MOBILE MAMMOGRAPHY PROGRAM, INDIGENT MEDICATIONS, SEPSIS EDUCATION AND AWARENESS, BACKPACK WEEKEND FOOD PROGRAM, BOYS AND GIRLS CLUB OF GREATER GASTON, THE DREAM CENTER, THE SCHIELE MUSEUM, CANCER CENTER DENTAL SERVICES, CT LUNG SCREENINGS, SAFE BEGINNINGS, FAITH AND HEALTH MINISTRY, EXERCISE PROGRAMS FOR CANCER PATIENTS, COPD, HEART FAILURE, DIABETES EDUCATION AND SMOKING CESSATION. THIS YEAR, THE CAROMONT HEALTH FOUNDATION AWARDED MORE THAN $500,000 IN GRANTS TO SUCH PROGRAMS AND PROJECTS, WHICH ARE FUNDAMENTAL TO BETTERING THE HEALTH OF OUR REGION. CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE CAROMONT HEALTH FOUNDATION ARE GRATEFULLY RECEIVED FROM VARIOUS DONORS, AS WELL AS TEAM CAROMONT, AN INTERNAL GIVING PROGRAM FOR CAROMONT EMPLOYEES AND VOLUNTEERS. THE FOUNDATION'S EFFORTS ARE ALSO SUPPORTED THROUGH FUNDRAISING AND SUSTAINABLE DONOR GROUPS LIKE WOMEN OPTIMIZING WELLNESS (WOW).DURING THE YEAR, CAROMONT HEALTH AWARDED NEARLY $150,000 IN SCHOLARSHIPS TO 50 OUTSTANDING STUDENTS WHO ARE SEEKING DEGREES IN HEALTH-RELATED MAJORS. SCHOLARSHIP FUNDING IS PROVIDED BY DONATIONS TO THE CAROMONT HEALTH FOUNDATION AND THE CAROMONT REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER AUXILIARY. 867715 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 X 13 0 1 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 X 13 12 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 NC X DAVID O'CONNOR 7048342000 2525 COURT DRIVE GASTONIA NC 28054 MR W MICHAEL DICKSON CHAIR - 2015 1.00 1.00 X X 0 0 0 MRS MARY FRANCES FORRESTER CHAIR - 2014 1.00 1.00 X X 0 0 0 MS SUSIE BROWN DIRECTOR 1.00 X 0 0 0 MR DAVID ALLEN SMITH DIRECTOR 1.00 1.00 X 0 0 0 MR JAMES W BAILEY DIRECTOR 1.00 1.00 X 0 0 0 MR WILLIAM K GARY SR DIRECTOR 1.00 X 0 0 0 KELVIN C HARRIS MD DIRECTOR 1.00 40.00 X 0 325681 29172 DR CHARLES NIEMEYER DIRECTOR 1.00 X 0 0 0 MS LENORA CRABTREE DIRECTOR 1.00 X 0 0 0 MS MARTHA BURRIS DIRECTOR 1.00 X 0 0 0 MR TIMOTHY PASCHALL DIRECTOR 1.00 X 0 0 0 MR JOSEPH B DAVIS JR DIRECTOR 1.00 X 0 0 0 MR HENRY MASSEY JR DIRECTOR 1.00 X 0 0 0 MS JANIE PARKS PEAK DIRECTOR 1.00 X 0 0 0 MRS JENNIFER THOMAS STULTZ DIRECTOR 1.00 X 0 0 0 DOUG LUCKETT CEO/PRESIDENT 1.00 49.00 X 0 857315 171735 DAVID O'CONNOR EVP/CFO/ASST. TREASURER 1.00 49.00 X 0 504341 103800 MARIA LONG EVP CHIEF LEGAL OFFICER/ASST. SECRETARY 1.00 49.00 X 0 418701 78558 DEBRA R WINDLEY DIRECTOR OF DEVELOPMENT 49.00 1.00 X 148930 0 7418 RANDALL L KELLEY FORMER OFFICER 0.00 X 0 648281 0 148930 2754319 390683 1 1 1 0 0 377000 362624 739624 347712 347712 7406106 6321649 1084457 1084457 1084457 2171793 0 0 1432169 397754 397754 101239 101239 203037 203037 5788 5788 13243 13243 11859 11859 19777 19777 53718 53718 54256 54256 7044 7044 867715 867715 0 0 35683 410838 2900 253424 44213 8518 5556 17760030 17622509 3113882 3254593 20921013 21591133 30238 38933 30238 38933 X 17773993 18290334 3116782 3261866 20890775 21552200 20921013 21591133 1304078 -642653 0 X X 0 1 X 1 0 X 3788620 2606923 2096539 317425 739624 9549131 3788620 2606923 2096539 317425 739624 9549131 1278754 8270377 372927 287217 327658 177645 347712 1513159 11062290 0.74760 0.68600 X RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED 3116780 126795 118310 100021 3261864 2834936 3020 389680 110856 3116780 2621640 3620 295268 85592 2834936 2342709 364160 9986 95215 2621640 750985 1505133 100784 7680 6513 2342709 0 0 0 MACKIE SCHOLARSHIP FUND 47723 SHOVELIN SCHOLARSHIP FUND 2712176 HUDSON NURSING SCHOLARSHIP FUND 369682 BUCCI SCHOLARSHIP FUND 6445 WOMEN OPTIMIZE WELLNESS FUND 112246 EMPLOYEE SCHOLARSHIP FUND 6321 3254593 X 1406919 -642653 -642653 2049572 19777 102444 122221 2171793 745494 0 745494 19777 102444 122221 867715 PART V, LINE 4: THE ORGANIZATION'S ENDOWMENT FUNDS ARE USED FOR SCHOLARSHIPS. PART X, LINE 2: THE SYSTEM IS A NOT-FOR-PROFIT CORPORATION AS DESCRIBED IN SECTION 501(C)(3) OF THE INTERNAL REVENUE CODE AND IS EXEMPT FROM FEDERAL INCOME TAXES ON RELATED INCOME PURSUANT TO SECTION 501(A) OF THE CODE. THE SYSTEM HAS DETERMINED THAT IT DOES NOT HAVE ANY UNRECOGNIZED TAX BENEFITS OR OBLIGATIONS AS OF JUNE 30, 2015 AND 2014, RESPECTIVELY. FISCAL YEARS ENDING ON OR AFTER JUNE 30, 2012 REMAIN SUBJECT TO EXAMINATION BY FEDERAL AND STATE TAX AUTHORITIES. PART XI, LINE 4B - OTHER ADJUSTMENTS: EXPENSES NETTED AGAINST REVENUE ON FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 102,444. PART XII, LINE 4B - OTHER ADJUSTMENTS: EXPENSES NETTED AGAINST REVENUE ON FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 102,444. 1 CAROMONT REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER 2525 COURT DRIVE GASTONIA NC 28054 560619359 501(C)(3) 348153 49601 FMV ARTWORK VARIOUS COMMUNITY HEALTH INITIATIVES 1 HEALTHCARE EDUCATION SCHOLARSHIPS 30 101239 FMV SHOVELIN, BUCCI, HUDSON AND MACKIE NURSING SCHOLARSHIPS PART I, LINE 2: OTHER ORGANIZATIONS THAT RECEIVE GRANT FUNDS MAY BE REQUIRED TO SUBMIT MONTHLY REPORTS THAT ARE MONITORED BY MANAGEMENT AND/OR THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS. ALL GRANTS DECISIONS ARE DOCUMENTED. 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 KELVIN C HARRIS MD DIRECTOR 0 188531 0 136250 0 900 0 13875 0 15297 0 354853 0 0 DOUG LUCKETT CEO/PRESIDENT 0 606383 0 250230 0 702 0 154427 0 17308 0 1029050 0 0 DAVID O'CONNOR EVP/CFO/ASST. TREASURER 0 384792 0 118632 0 917 0 87558 0 16242 0 608141 0 0 MARIA LONG EVP CHIEF LEGAL OFFICER/ASST. SECRET 0 319988 0 98155 0 558 0 76460 0 2098 0 497259 0 0 DEBRA R WINDLEY DIRECTOR OF DEVELOPMENT 139982 0 8483 0 465 0 0 0 7418 0 156348 0 0 0 RANDALL L KELLEY FORMER OFFICER 0 0 0 0 0 648281 0 0 0 0 0 648281 0 0 PART I, LINE 3 COMPENSATION PAID TO OFFICERS OF GASTON MEMORIAL HOSPITAL FOUNDATION, INC. WAS PAID BY CAROMONT REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER, A RELATED ORGANIZATION. CAROMONT REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER UTILIZED THE FOLLOWING METHODS TO DETERMINE APPROPRIATE COMPENSATION FOR OFFICERS THAT HAD INFLUENCE OVER THE ORGANIZATION'S ACTIVITIES: - COMPENSATION COMMITTEE - INDEPENDENT COMPENSATION CONSULTANT - WRITTEN EMPLOYMENT CONTRACTS - COMPENSATION SURVEY OR STUDY - APPROVAL BY THE BOARD OR COMPENSATION COMMITTEE PART I, LINES 4A-B THE FOLLOWING INDIVIDUALS RECEIVED DEFERRED COMPENSATION ALLOCATIONS BY RELATED ORGANIZATION CAROMONT REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER FROM A SUPPLEMENTAL EXECUTIVE RETIREMENT PLAN (SERP): DAVID O'CONNOR - $ 71,958 MARIA LONG - 59,531 DOUG LUCKETT - 141,984 RANDALL L. KELLEY RECEIVED A SEVERANCE PAYMENT BY RELATED ORGANIZATION CAROMONT REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER IN THE AMOUNT OF $648,281. PART I, LINE 6 EXECUTIVE INCENTIVE COMPENSATION PLAN FOR ALL KEY EMPLOYEES BASED ON THE ACHIEVEMENT OF ANNUAL BUSINESS OBJECTIVES WHICH INCLUDE A FINANCIAL GOAL ATTRIBUTABLE TO OPERATING MARGIN. MANAGER INCENTIVE PLAN BASED ON CONSOLIDATED CORPORATE AND INDIVIDUAL PERFORMANCE GOALS. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION A, LINE 1B: BOARD MEMBER INDEPENDENCE: IN CALENDAR YEAR 2014, THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF CAROMONT HEALTH CONDUCTED A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF BEST PRACTICES REGARDING INDEPENDENCE OF BOARD MEMBERS. THIS REVIEW RESULTED IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF A BOARD POLICY ON INDEPENDENCE OF BOARD MEMBERS. USING IRS REGULATIONS AND GUIDANCE, INDUSTRY BEST PRACTICES, GUIDANCE AND COMMENTARY APPLICABLE TO NON-PROFIT HEALTHCARE INSTITUTIONS, AND ADVICE OF COUNSEL, THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS DEVELOPED AND IMPLEMENTED A ROBUST POLICY THAT DEFINES INDEPENDENT AND NON-INDEPENDENT DIRECTORS AND CLASSIFIES DIRECTORS ON AN ANNUAL BASIS AS INDEPENDENT AND NON-INDEPENDENT. USING THE IRS REPORTING REQUIREMENTS AS A MINIMUM SET OF CRITERIA FOR DETERMINING THE INDEPENDENT STATUS OF BOARD MEMBERS, THE BOARD'S POLICY GOES BEYOND THE MINIMUM CRITERIA AND DEFINES ADDITIONAL CRITERIA THAT RENDER A BOARD MEMBER NON-INDEPENDENT. ONCE DETERMINED TO HAVE A DISQUALIFYING CONDITION THAT RENDERS THE MEMBER NON-INDEPENDENT, A BOARD MEMBER WHOSE DISQUALIFYING CONDITION HAS BEEN REMEDIED MAY ONLY BE RESTORED TO INDEPENDENT STATUS FOLLOWING A SPECIFIED TIME LIMIT DEFINED IN THE POLICY. IN REPORTING THE NUMBER OF INDEPENDENT DIRECTORS IN PART I, LINE 4 AND PART VI, SECTION A, LINE 1B,THE GASTON MEMORIAL HOSPITAL FOUNDATION USES THE CAROMONT HEALTH POLICY TO DETERMINE AND REPORT THE INDEPENDENT STATUS OF BOARD MEMBERS. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION A, LINE 4 THE ORGANIZATION'S BOARD COMPOSITION WAS CHANGED TO COMPRISE OF UP TO 35 MEMBERS TO NO MORE THAN 15 MEMBERS. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION A, LINE 6 THE SOLE MEMBER OF THE CORPORATION SHALL BE CAROMONT HEALTH, INC., A NORTH CAROLINA NOT-FOR-PROFIT CORPORATION. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION A, LINE 7A THE MEMBERS OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTOR SHALL BE ELECTED AT WILL BY ITS SOLE MEMBER OF THE CORPORATION ACTING THROUGH ITS BOARD OF DIRECTORS AT ITS ANNUAL MEETING FROM A SLATE OF NOMINEES PROVIDED TO THE CAROMONT HEALTH, INC. BOARD BY THE FOUNDATION. ALL DIRECTORS ARE SUBJECT TO REMOVAL BY THE CAROMONT HEALTH BOARD OF DIRECTORS. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION A, LINE 7B THE FOLLOWING POWERS OF THE CORPORATION SHALL BE RESERVED TO CAROMONT HEALTH, INC., THE PARENT CORPORATION AND HOLDING COMPANY OF THE CORPORATION: (A) FINANCIAL POWERS, INCLUDING THE POWER TO APPROVE AN OPERATING BUDGET FOR THE CORPORATION, POWER TO APPROVE COMPENSATION PLANS, AND POWER TO ASSUME DEBT ON BEHALF OF THE CORPORATION; (B) GOVERNING POWERS, INCLUDING THE POWER TO APPROVE ALL CHANGES TO THE GOVERNING DOCUMENTS OF THE CORPORATION AND POWER TO APPROVE THE MISSION, VISION AND VALUES OF THE CORPORATION; AND (C) STRATEGIC POWERS, INCLUDING THE POWER TO APPROVE ALL CERTIFICATE OF NEED APPLICATIONS WHICH THE CORPORATION MAY FILE IN ANY STATE, AND THE POWER TO APPROVE ALL SALE OR LEASE TRANSACTIONS OF THE CORPORATION. IN ADDITION, DECISIONS OF THE GOVERNING BODY INCLUDING THE ELECTION AND REMOVAL OF MEMBERS OF THE BOARD OR DIRECTORS MUST BE APPROVED BY THE CORPORATION'S SOLE MEMBER, CAROMONT HEALTH, INC. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 11 THE ORGANIZATION'S FORM 990 WAS REVIEWED BY THE AUDIT FINANCE INVESTMENT COMMITTEE OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF THE SUPPORTING ORGANIZATION PRIOR TO PRESENTATION TO THE FULL BOARD BEFORE THE FORM WAS FILED WITH THE IRS. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 12C EACH EMPLOYEE AND DIRECTOR SHALL FULLY AND TRUTHFULLY COMPLETE A QUESTIONNAIRE CONCERNING POTENTIAL AND ACTUAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST ANNUALLY. SUCH QUESTIONNAIRE SHALL IDENTIFY THE INDIVIDUAL'S OBLIGATION TO IMMEDIATELY MAKE THE CORPORATE COMPLIANCE OFFICER AWARE IN WRITING OF ANY POTENTIAL OR ACTUAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST AS THEY MAY ARISE AND CONTAIN SAID INDIVIDUAL'S AGREEMENT TO ABIDE BY ALL TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF THIS POLICY AS A CONDITION OF RETAINING THEIR POSITION. SUCH QUESTIONNAIRES ARE REVIEWED ANNUALLY BY THE CHIEF LEGAL OFFICER AND THE CORPORATE COMPLIANCE OFFICER. QUESTIONNAIRES SUBMITTED BY DIRECTORS ARE REVIEWED ANNUALLY BY THE NOMINATING COMMITTEE OF THE BOARD. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 15 THE CEO, CFO, COO, CMO AND CHIEF LEGAL OFFICER ARE COMPENSATED FOR THEIR SERVICES BY CAROMONT REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER, A SUBSIDIARY OF CAROMONT HEALTH, INC. THE COMPENSATION OF ALL CAROMONT EXECUTIVES FOR EACH YEAR IS ESTABLISHED BY THE COMPENSATION COMMITTEE OF THE CAROMONT HEALTH BOARD OF DIRECTORS, BASED ON GUIDANCE AND OPINIONS PROVIDED BY AN INDEPENDENT, THIRD-PARTY COMPENSATION CONSULTANT. BOARD MEMBERS WHO SERVE ON THE COMPENSATION COMMITTEE ARE INDEPENDENT AND FREE OF ANY CONFLICT OF INTEREST. ANY COMPENSATION COMMITTEE MEMBER WHO DEVELOPS A CONFLICT OF INTEREST DURING HIS/HER TERM WITH RESPECT TO THE DISCUSSION OF ANY EXECUTIVE'S COMPENSATION DOES NOT PARTICIPATE IN THE DISCUSSION OR DECISION-MAKING BY THE REMAINING INDEPENDENT MEMBERS OF THE COMPENSATION COMMITTEE. THE COMPENSATION COMMITTEE RETAINS JURISDICTION OVER THE TOTAL COMPENSATION PACKAGE FOR EXECUTIVES AND REVIEWS EXECUTIVE BENEFITS AND PERQUISITES AS WELL AS TOTAL CASH COMPENSATION. COMPENSATION FOR THE CEO IS ESTABLISHED THROUGH A PROCESS OF PERFORMANCE EVALUATION, COMPARISON WITH COMPARABLE MARKET DATA AND DETERMINATION BY THE COMPENSATION COMMITTEE OF ACCEPTABLE SALARY RANGE AND PERCENTILE RANKING. ALL COMPENSATION DECISIONS FOR THE CEO ARE APPROVED BY THE COMPENSATION COMMITTEE, AS LONG AS THE COMPENSATION DECISIONS ARE CONSISTENT WITH THE EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION PHILOSOPHY. THE PROCESS FOR DETERMINING COMPENSATION FOR EXECUTIVE MANAGEMENT, UTILIZES COMPENSATION SURVEYS AND STUDIES. FULL COLLECTED COMPENSATION INFORMATION AND ANY COMPENSATION OPINIONS PROVIDED DURING THESE PROCESSES WILL BE KEPT WITH THE COMPENSATION COMMITTEE OR BOARD MINUTES, AS APPLICABLE. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION C, LINE 18 THE ORGANIZATION'S FORM 990 IS MADE AVAILABLE TO THE PUBLIC UPON REQUEST. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION C, LINE 19 AT THIS TIME, THE ORGANIZATION'S GOVERNING DOCUMENTS AND CONFLICT OF INTEREST POLICY ARE NOT MADE AVAILABLE TO THE PUBLIC. THE ENTIRE ORGANIZATION'S COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ARE MADE AVAILABLE UPON REQUEST. PART XII, LINE 2C THE PROCESS FOR THIS HAS NOT CHANGED FROM THE PRIOR YEAR. FORM 990, PART V AND PART VII THE FILING ORGANIZATION USES A RELATED ORGANIZATION FOR ITS PAYROLL FUNCTION. ALL W-2S ARE FILED BY THE COMMON PAYMASTER. HOWEVER, AMOUNTS PAID BY THE COMMON PAYMASTER ARE TREATED AS IF PAID DIRECTLY BY THE ORGANIZATION FOR WHICH SERVICES ARE PERFORMED. CAROMONT HEALTH INC 2525 COURT DRIVE GASTONIA NC 28054 581636959 MEDICAL SERVICES NC 501(C)(3) LINE 11B, II N/A 0 CAROMONT HEALTH SERVICES INC 2526 COURT DRIVE GASTONIA NC 28054 561455630 OUTPATIENT SERVICES NC 501(C)(3) LINE 3 CAROMONT HEALTH INC 0 CAROMONT MEDICAL GROUP INC 2528 COURT DRIVE GASTONIA NC 28054 561479712 MEDICAL GROUP NC 501(C)(3) LINE 9 CAROMONT HEALTH INC 0 HOSPICE OF GASTON COUNTY INC 2529 COURT DRIVE GASTONIA NC 28054 581341530 HOSPICE CARE NC 501(C)(3) LINE 7 CAROMONT HEALTH INC 0 GASTON MEMORIAL HOSPITAL INC 2530 COURT DRIVE GASTONIA NC 28054 560619359 HOSPITAL NC 501(C)(3) LINE 3 CAROMONT HEALTH INC 0 GASTON EMERGENCY PHYSICIANS INC 2531 COURT DRIVE GASTONIA NC 28054 562209423 SUPPORTING ORGANIZATION NC 501(C)(3) LINE 11A, I CAROMONT HEALTH INC 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1