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SCHEDULE C, PART II-B, LINE 1I OTHER ACTIVITIES DUES TO RESEARCH AND BIOMEDICAL ORGANIZATIONS, A PORTION OF WHICH ARE CONSIDERED LOBBYING. THE INSTITUTE UTILIZES ATLANTIC STRATEGIES GROUP, LLC FOR REPRESENTATION IN WASHINGTON DC, TO INVESTIGATE AND SEEK POTENTIAL FEDERAL RESEARCH FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES OUTSIDE THE TRADITIONAL NIH PROCESS. 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SCHEDULE D, PART X, LINE 2 FIN 48 (ASC 740) FOOTNOTE THE INSTITUTE HAS NO MATERIAL DEFERRED TAX ASSETS OR DEFERRED TAX LIABILITIES RECORDED AS OF JUNE 30, 2015 AND 2014. THE INSTITUTE DID NOT RECOGNIZE A CHANGE IN LIABILITY FOR UNRECOGNIZED TAX BENEFITS (THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A TAX POSITION TAKEN, OR EXPECTED TO BE TAKEN, IN A TAX RETURN AND THE BENEFIT RECOGNIZED AND MEASURED IN THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS). THE INSTITUTE'S LIABILITY FOR UNRECOGNIZED TAX BENEFITS WAS $0 AT JUNE 30, 2015 AND 2014. SCHEDULE D, PART XI, LINE 2D ROUNDING - (375) SCHEDULE D, PART XII, LINE 2D unrealized loss on swap - 26,659 SCHEDULE D, PART XII, LINE 4D ROUNDING - (830) Europe (Including Iceland and Greenland) 63 Program services See Part V 168464 East Asia and the Pacific 18 Program services See Part V 24624 North America 1 Program services See Part V 500 South Asia 6 Program services See Part V 8983 Middle East and North Africa 5 Program services See Part V 1118 Russia and the Newly Independent States 1 Program services See Part V 143 South America 4 Program services See Part V 11074 Central America and the Caribbean 2 Program services See Part V 478 100 100 215384 215384 false false false false false false SCHEDULE F, PART I, LINE 3 Procedures for Monitoring Use of Grants Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute does not maintain ongoing operations in foreign jurisdictions. However, the Institute's scientist do travel to various scientific conferences in other countries to share the Institute's scientific discoveries, as well as, to learn from other scientists across the world. Schedule F, Part I, Line 3, Column E Type of Service Specific Program Service Activity in all regions is agents attending and/or speaking at scientific conferences and collaborations. SCHEDULE F, PART I, LINE 3, COLUMN E Accounting Method The accrual method of accounting was used to determine the amounts in Part I, line 3, column F. X X X X X X X true ED GILLENWATERS 3307 A VENIDA ANACAPA CARLSBAD CA 92009 CONSULTING false 255004 BLAIR BLUM PARTNERS 2504 EVERGREEN STREET SAN DIEGO CA 92106 CONSULTING false 6300 261304 AL AK AZ AR CA CT FL ID IL IN IA KS KY LA ME MD MA MI MS MO MT NE NV NH NJ NM NY NC ND OH OK OR PA RI SC SD TN TX UT VT VA WA WV WI WY GALA 778125 745125 33000 68549 132803 37384 0 778125 745125 33000 68549 132803 37384 238736 -205736 X X true true X X X X X X false true false false false false false true false KRISTIINA VUORI MD PHD INTERIM CEO/PRESIDENT 622505 0 500000 0 1501 0 326000 0 10919 0 1460925 0 0 0 PERRY NISEN MD PHD CEO 237817 0 325000 0 752 0 200000 0 4422 0 767991 0 0 0 GARY RAISL ED D EVP/CAO/CFO/TREASURER 435062 0 0 0 4514 0 26000 0 16613 0 482189 0 0 0 GARTH POWIS PHD CENTER DIRECTOR 446133 0 50000 0 5287 0 26000 0 15055 0 542475 0 0 0 DANIEL KELLY MD CNTR DIR/SCI DIR AT LK NONA 472409 0 0 0 2955 0 26000 0 21712 0 523076 0 0 0 STUART LIPTON MD PHD CENTER DIRECTOR 451040 0 0 0 4193 0 26000 0 24591 0 505824 0 0 0 CARL WARE PHD CENTER DIRECTOR, IIDC 354666 0 0 0 4370 0 26000 0 13136 0 398172 0 0 0 MICHAEL JACKSON PHD DRUG DISCOVERY & DEV, SR VP 352606 0 0 0 2010 0 26000 0 16915 0 397531 0 0 0 FORM 990, SCHEDULE J, PART I, LINE 1A FIRST CLASS TRAVEL FIRST CLASS TRAVEL IS GENERALLY NOT PERMITTED, EXCEPT UNDER VERY LIMITED AND RARE CIRCUMSTANCES AND CONDITIONS, SUCH AS A MEDICAL CONDITION REQUIREMENT AND URGENT CIRCUMSTANCES. THIS WAS NOT TREATED AS TAXABLE COMPENSATION. HEALTH OR SOCIAL CLUB DUES HEALTH OR SOCIAL CLUB DUES ARE NEGOTIATED IN THE HIRING PROCESS FOR CERTAIN EMPLOYEES. THE AMOUNTS WERE TREATED AS TAXABLE COMPENSATION. FORM 990, SCHEDULE J, PART I, LINE 4B SUPPLEMENTAL NONQUALIFIED RETIREMENT PLAN THE PARTICIPANTS OF THE 457(F) DEFERRED COMPENSATION PLAN ARE KRISTIINA VUORI AND PERRY NISEN. VESTING FOR KRISTIINA VUORI OCCURS THE EARLIEST OF 4/1/2015 & PERRY NISEN THE EARLIEST OF 9/15/19, OR INVOLUNTARY TERMINATION WITHOUT CAUSE, OR PARTICIPANT'S RESIGNATION FOR GOOD CAUSE, OR THE DATE OF TERMINATION OF THE PLAN. DISTRIBUTION IS A ONE-TIME LUMP SUM PAYMENT UPON VESTING OF 100% OF THE VALUE OF THE PARTICIPANT'S INVESTMENT (COMPRISED OF INSTITUTE CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE CORPUS PLUS ANY INVESTMENT GAINS OR LOSSES THEREON). FORM 990, SCHEDULE J, PART I, LINE 7 NON-FIXED PAYMENTS SOME SENIOR EXECUTIVES HAVE EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENTS STIPULATING A BONUS WILL BE PAID TO THEM PROVIDED CERTAIN GOALS OR ACCOMPLISHMENTS ARE ACHIEVED. FORM 990, SCHEDULE J, PART II, COLUMN C RETIREMENT AND OTHER DEFERRED COMPENSATION THE AMOUNT REPORTED IN SCHEDULE J, PART II, COLUMN C FOR KRISTIINA VUORI AND PERRY NISEN INCLUDES AN ACCRUAL OF $300,000 AND $200,000 RESPECTIVELY RELATED TO THE 457(F) PLAN DESCRIBED ABOVE. THESE AMOUNTS ARE NOT VESTED AND ARE SUBJECT TO SUBSTANTIAL RISK OF FORFEITURE. 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EMPLOYEE RELOC X 225000 215635 false true true PERRY NISEN OFFICER QUAL. EMPLOYEE RELOC X 1000000 1000000 false true true 1215635 PHILIP GRAHAM GAYLE WILSON - TRUSTEE 160150 COMPENSATION false FORM 990, PART I, LINE 1 & PART III, LINE 1 ORGANIZATION'S MISSION SANFORD BURNHAM PREBYS MEDICAL DISCOVERY INSTITUTE CONDUCTS WORLD-CLASS, COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH DEDICATED TO FINDING CURES FOR HUMAN DISEASE, IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF LIFE, AND THUS CREATING A LEGACY FOR ITS EMPLOYEES, PARTNERS, DONORS, AND COMMUNITY. FORM 990, PART III, LINE 4 PROGRAM SERVICE ACCOMPLISHMENTS SANFORD BURNHAM PREBYS MEDICAL DISCOVERY INSTITUTE (SBP) IS DEDICATED TO DISCOVERING THE FUNDAMENTAL MOLECULAR CAUSES OF DISEASE AND DEVISING INNOVATIVE THERAPIES OF TOMORROW. SBP TAKES A UNIQUE, COLLABORATIVE APPROACH TO MEDICAL RESEARCH AND HAS ESTABLISHED MAJOR RESEARCH PROGRAMS IN CANCER, NEURODEGENERATION, DIABETES, AND INFECTIOUS, INFLAMMATORY, AND CHILDHOOD DISEASES. CANCER PROMISING NEW MELANOMA DRUG. MELANOMA IS THE DEADLIEST FORM OF SKIN CANCER; 9,000 PEOPLE IN THE U.S. DIE FROM THE DISEASE EACH YEAR. ABOUT 50% OF MELANOMAS ARE CAUSED BY MUTATIONS IN A SPECIFIC GENE CALLED BRAF. PATIENTS WITH THESE TUMORS ARE COMMONLY PRESCRIBED VEMURAFENIB, A BRAF INHIBITOR THAT SHRINKS TUMORS. HOWEVER, MANY PATIENTS' CANCER REAPPEARS BECAUSE TUMORS EVOLVE AND BECOME RESISTANT TO THE DRUG. A RESEARCH TEAM LED BY ZE'EV RONAI SHOWED IN A CANCER RESEARCH PAPER THAT CO-ADMINISTERING A NEW COMPOUND WITH VEMURAFENIB ELIMINATES MELANOMAS AND PREVENTS THEIR REOCCURRENCE. THE COMPOUND BLOCKS THE COMPLEX THAT INITIATES PROTEIN SYNTHESIS, WHICH IS REQUIRED FOR TUMOR CELL GROWTH AND PROLIFERATION. THE NEXT GENERATION OF THE COMPOUND SHOULD BE READY FOR CLINICAL TRIALS, POSSIBLY YIELDING A NEW TREATMENT FOR MELANOMA WITHIN TEN YEARS. ENHANCING DRUG DELIVERY TO TUMORS. A MAJOR CHALLENGE IN TREATING CANCER IS DELIVERING SUFFICIENT AMOUNTS OF DRUG TO THE INTENDED TARGET. OFTEN, CANCER DRUGS DO NOT PENETRATE THE TUMOR BUT INSTEAD HIT CELLS NEAR BLOOD VESSELS. ERKKI RUOSLAHTI'S TEAM THEREFORE SOUGHT MOLECULES THAT DO A BETTER JOB AT PENETRATING TUMORS, WHICH COULD BE ATTACHED TO DRUG-LOADED NANOPARTICLES TO DELIVER LARGE QUANTITIES OF CANCER DRUG. YEARS AGO, BY INJECTING A LIBRARY OF DIFFERENT PROTEIN FRAGMENTS (CALLED PEPTIDES) INTO MICE WITH CANCER, AND ASSESSING WHICH PENETRATED THE TUMOR MOST EFFECTIVELY, THEY FOUND SUCH A PEPTIDE. THIS YEAR, IN WORK PUBLISHED IN SCIENCE ADVANCES, THEY DETERMINED HOW IT TARGETS CANCER CELLS. THE PEPTIDE ACTIVATES A PATHWAY THAT NORMALLY FUNCTIONS TO INCREASE NUTRIENT UPTAKE INTO TUMOR CELLS, INSTEAD CAUSING THEM TO TAKE UP DRUG-LOADED NANOPARTICLES. THE PEPTIDE IS UNDERGOING PRECLINICAL DEVELOPMENT, AND COULD BE USED IN FUTURE NANOPARTICLE-BASED CANCER THERAPIES. NEW DRUG SQUASHES CANCER'S LAST-DITCH EFFORTS TO SURVIVE. CANCER CELLS REQUIRE MORE ENERGY THAN NORMAL CELLS, AND OFTEN PROLIFERATE FASTER THAN THE BLOOD VESSEL NETWORK SUPPLYING NUTRIENTS, SO THEY RELY ON UNUSUAL MECHANISMS TO GENERATE THEM. ONE SUCH MECHANISM IS AUTOPHAGY, THE RECYCLING OF WORN-OUT CELL COMPARTMENTS. FURTHER, CERTAIN CANCER DRUGS, SUCH AS RAPAMYCIN, LEAD TO ACTIVATION OF AUTOPHAGY BY BLOCKING THE PATHWAYS THAT NORMALLY SUPPORT CELL GROWTH. THUS, SPECIFIC INHIBITORS OF AUTOPHAGY ARE HIGHLY SOUGHT AFTER AS COMPLEMENTS TO THESE CHEMOTHERAPIES. NICK COSFORD'S LAB WORKED WITH A LAB AT THE SALK INSTITUTE TO SCREEN CANDIDATES THEY HAD DEVELOPED BASED ON THE CHEMISTRY OF AN ENZYME THAT KICKS OFF THE PROCESS, CALLED ULK1. IN MOLECULAR CELL, THEY PUBLISHED EVIDENCE THAT ONE COMPOUND INHIBITS ULK1 NOT JUST IN A TEST TUBE BUT ALSO IN NUMEROUS TYPES OF TUMOR CELLS. THE TEAM IS NOW TESTING THE DRUG IN PRECLINICAL CANCER MODELS; IF PROVEN EFFECTIVE, IT WOULD MOVE FORWARD INTO HUMAN TRIALS. NEW STUDY SHEDS LIGHT ON CANCER STEM CELL REGULATION. COLON CANCER RESULTS FROM MISREGULATION OF PROLIFERATION AND DNA REPAIR IN INTESTINAL STEM CELLS, WHICH REPOPULATE THE INTESTINAL LINING EVERY THREE TO FIVE DAYS. IN A RECENT PAPER PUBLISHED IN CELL REPORTS, JORGE MOSCAT AND MARIA DIAZ-MECO DELINEATE THE PRECISE MECHANISM BY WHICH ONE TYPE OF STEM CELL MISREGULATION LEADS TO OVERPROLIFERATION. THEY HAD PREVIOUSLY SHOWN THAT A PARTICULAR SIGNALING ENZYME, PKC-ZETA, IS PRESENT AT VERY LOW LEVELS IN COLON CANCER AND FUNCTIONS TO PREVENT TUMOR PROGRESSION. HERE, THEY SHOWED THAT THIS OCCURS BY DIRECT MODIFICATION OF TWO MOLECULES WHOSE ACTIVITY PROMOTES CANCER, BETA-CATENIN AND YAP; THESE MODIFICATIONS PROMOTE DEGRADATION OF THE TWO PROTEINS. THOUGH THE PRO-CANCER FUNCTIONS OF BETA-CATENIN AND YAP ARE ALREADY WELL KNOWN, THESE FINDINGS INDICATE THAT PKC-ZETA-DEFICIENT COLON CANCERS SHOULD BE TREATED WITH INHIBITORS OF BETA-CATENIN AND YAP. A BETA-CATENIN INHIBITOR IS CURRENTLY IN CLINICAL TRIALS FOR COLON CANCER. DEGENERATIVE DISEASE ANTIOXIDANT-RICH DIET COULD HELP STAVE OFF TYPE 2 DIABETES. TYPE 2 DIABETES RESULTS FROM THE FAILURE OF BETA CELLS IN THE PANCREAS TO PRODUCE SUFFICIENT INSULIN TO MAINTAIN NORMAL GLUCOSE LEVELS. IN THIS CONDITION, BETA CELLS FAIL BECAUSE OF THE INCREASED DEMAND FOR INSULIN (RESULTING FROM INSULIN RESISTANCE AND HIGH BLOOD GLUCOSE). BETA CELLS TRY TO COMPENSATE BY PRODUCING UP TO 10 TIMES THE USUAL AMOUNT OF INSULIN, BUT THIS PUTS EXTRA STRESS ON A CELL STRUCTURE CALLED THE ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER) TO PROPERLY FOLD, PROCESS, AND SECRETE THE HORMONE. AS THE RESPONSE TO ER STRESS INVOLVES A PROTEIN CALLED IRE1-ALPHA, RANDAL KAUFMAN'S LAB SPECIFICALLY INACTIVATED THE IRE1-ALPHA GENE IN BETA CELLS TO EXAMINE HOW ER STRESS BLOCKS INSULIN PRODUCTION. IN A PAPER IN PLOS BIOLOGY, THEY SHOW THAT THIS GENETIC ALTERATION IMPAIRS EXPRESSION OF MANY GENES INVOLVED IN EXPANDING CELLS' CAPACITY TO SECRETE PROTEINS. FURTHER, THEY OBSERVED THAT IT INCREASES EXPRESSION OF GENES THAT CAUSE OR EXACERBATE OXIDATIVE STRESS (INCREASED LEVELS OF MOLECULES THAT DAMAGE CELL COMPONENTS BY OXIDATION). IN LIGHT OF THAT FINDING, THEY GAVE THE ANIMALS ANTIOXIDANT-CONTAINING FOOD, WHICH INCREASED INSULIN PRODUCTION SUFFICIENTLY TO AMELIORATE THEIR HYPERGLYCEMIA. THESE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT DIETARY ANTIOXIDANTS COULD HELP REDUCE THE SEVERITY OF TYPE 2 DIABETES. HOW PROTEIN TANGLES ACCUMULATE IN THE BRAIN AND CAUSE NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS. MULTIPLE AGE-RELATED NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS, INCLUDING ALZHEIMER'S AND PROGRESSIVE SUPRANUCLEAR PALSY (PSP), INVOLVE ACCUMULATION OF TANGLES OF AGGREGATED TAU PROTEIN. UNDERSTANDING HOW THESE TANGLES ARE FORMED MAY POINT TO WAYS TO PREVENT THE PROCESS AND SLOW NEURODEGENERATION. TOWARDS THIS GOAL, HUAXI XU'S RESEARCH GROUP INVESTIGATED A POTENTIAL NEW PLAYER, SUGGESTED BY LINKAGE OF A PSP-ASSOCIATED GENE VARIANT WITH EXPRESSION OF THE PROTEIN APPOPTOSIN. IN RESEARCH PUBLISHED IN NEURON, THEY EXAMINED LEVELS OF APPOPTOSIN IN PSP AND ALZHEIMER'S PATIENTS' BRAINS AND FOUND THAT THEY WERE INCREASED, AND THEN LOOKED AT THE EFFECTS OF HIGH LEVELS OF APPOPTOSIN IN NEURONS. THE SCIENTISTS OBSERVED INCREASED TAU CLEAVAGE, KNOWN TO PROMOTE AGGREGATION INTO TANGLES, INDICATING THAT THE PROTEIN DIRECTLY CONTRIBUTES TO THE DISEASE PROCESS. THUS, APPOPTOSIN AND CASPASE-3, THE ENZYME RESPONSIBLE FOR CLEAVING TAU, MAY BE POTENTIAL TARGETS FOR NEW DRUGS TO TREAT THESE DISEASES. NEWLY IDENTIFIED CAUSE OF MOTOR NEURON DISEASE PAVES WAY FOR BETTER TREATMENTS. IN MOTOR NEURON DISEASES, A CLASS OF DISEASES INCLUDING AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS (ALS), THE NERVE CELLS THAT CONTROL MUSCLE MOVEMENTS GRADUALLY DIE OFF, CAUSING A LOSS OF MUSCLE CONTROL AND EVENTUALLY DEATH. THESE NERVE CELLS (CALLED MOTOR NEURONS) ARE HIGHLY ACTIVE, SO THEY PRODUCE A LOT OF PROTEIN, PUTTING STRESS ON THE CELL COMPARTMENT THAT PROCESSES PROTEINS INTO THEIR FINAL FORM, THE ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER). DRUGS THAT HELP COUNTERACT STRESS ON THE ER EXTEND THE LIVES OF MICE WITH MOTOR NEURON DISEASE, SUGGESTING THIS MAY BE A USEFUL STRATEGY FOR TREATING SUCH DISEASES IN HUMANS. IN A PAPER IN ELIFE, DONGXIAN ZHANG'S RESEARCH GROUP IDENTIFIED A NEW PROTEIN, MEMBRALIN, THAT APPEARS NECESSARY FOR A HEALTHY ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. MICE THAT LACK THE GENE FOR MEMBRALIN DIE WITHIN FIVE OR SIX DAYS AFTER BIRTH BECAUSE THEIR MOTOR NEURONS DIE OFF. FURTHER EXAMINATION OF HOW MEMBRALIN PROMOTES HEALTHY ER FUNCTION AND PROTECTS AGAINST MOTOR NEURON DEATH SHOULD IDENTIFY NOVEL DRUG TARGETS THAT COULD IMPROVE CLINICAL OUTCOMES FOR PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM SEVERE, EARLY-ONSET MOTOR NEURON DISORDERS. IMMUNITY & PATHOGENESIS RESEARCHERS REAWAKEN SLEEPING HIV IN PATIENT CELLS TO ELIMINATE THE VIRUS. ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPIES (ART) HAVE MADE IT POSSIBLE FOR PEOPLE TO LIVE WITH AIDS FOR DECADES. HOWEVER, HIV'S GENES REMAIN IN SMALL RESERVOIRS OF A PATIENT'S CELLS. THIS MEANS PATIENTS CAN'T STOP TAKING ART, BECAUSE RE-ACTIVATION OF THESE DORMANT GENES IN THEIR ABSENCE WOULD ALLOW THE VIRUS TO REBOUND. THERAPIES THAT WOULD REACTIVATE THOSE GENES WHILE PATIENTS CONTINUE TO TAKE ART WOULD ELIMINATE ALL OF THE VIRUS'S GENES AND ARE THUS HIGHLY SOUGHT AFTER. THE APPROACH HAS REMAINED ELUSIVE SO FAR, BECAUSE DRUGS THAT REAWAKEN THE VIRUS COULD ALSO TRIGGER MASSIVE IMMUNE SYSTEM ACTIVATION, WHICH ITSELF COULD BE DEADLY. TOWARDS THIS GOAL, SUMIT CHANDA'S LAB LOOKED FOR GENES THAT KEEP THE VIRUS SILENT BY INDIVIDUALLY INACTIVATING THEM. ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT SILENCERS THEY IDENTIFIED, IN A PUBLICATION IN CELL HOST MICROBE, IS INHIBITED BY A CLASS OF DRUGS CALLED SMAC MIMETICS. TREATING HIV-INFECTED T CELLS WITH THESE DRUGS (IN COMBINATION WITH ANOTHER COMPOUND REQUIRED TO DE-SIL FORM 990, PART VI, LINE 4 SIGNIFICANT CHANGES TO GOVERNING DOCUMENTS THE ORGANIZATION CHANGED IT'S NAME FROM SANFORD BURNHAM MEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE TO SANFORD BURNHAM PREBYS MEDICAL DISCOVERY INSTITUTE ON JUNE 24, 2015. FORM 990, PART VI, LINE 11B PROCESS USED BY MANAGEMENT AND/OR GOVERNING BODY TO REVIEW FORM 990 THE 990 IS PREPARED BY THE FINANCE DEPARTMENT. IT IS REVIEWED BY THE INSTITUTE'S TAX ADVISORS, SELECTED MEMBERS OF MANAGEMENT INCLUDING THE CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER AND THE AUDIT COMMITTEE OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES AND PROVIDED TO MEMBERS OF THE BOARD PRIOR TO FILING. FORM 990, PART VI, LINE 12C DESCRIPTION OF PROCESS TO MONITOR TRANSACTIONS FOR CONFLICT OF INTEREST CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENTS ARE GIVEN TO MANAGEMENT STAFF AND PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS ON A PERIODIC BASIS TO REPORT ON CONFLICTS OR LACK OF CONFLICTS. THE STATEMENTS ARE REVIEWED ANNUALLY BY THE SENIOR DIRECTOR, INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND THE SENIOR DIRECTOR, SPONSORED RESEARCH, WITH A SUMMARY OF THE REVIEW PROVIDED TO THE CFO. AN ASSESSMENT IS MADE AS TO WHETHER A CONFLICT CAN BE MANAGED BY THE EXISTING DEPARTMENTS AND PRACTICES. CONFLICTS ARE BROUGHT TO THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES ON AN AS NEEDED BASIS. CONFLICTS AND POTENTIAL CONFLICTS THAT INVOLVE THE CEO OR THE PRESIDENT ARE BROUGHT TO THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES TO ADDRESS ANY ACTUAL OR POTENTIAL POSSIBILITY THAT THE DESIGNATED REVIEWERS (I.E., SENIOR DIRECTOR, INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND THE SENIOR DIRECTOR, SPONSORED RESEARCH, AND THE CFO) COULD BE PRESSURED TO MAKE BIASED DECISIONS IN MANAGING CONFLICTS INVOLVING THE CEO OR PRESIDENT. AS TO RESTRICTIONS IMPOSED: THE INSTITUTE WILL EMPLOY THE MECHANISM THAT IS THE BEST FIT WITH THE FACTS AND CIRCUMSTANCES OF ANY IDENTIFIED CONFLICT OF INTEREST. METHODS TO MANAGE POTENTIAL CONFLICTS/ENFORCEMENT MECHANISM: REVIEWING MANAGEMENT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR MANAGING, REDUCING, OR ELIMINATING REAL OR POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST. EXAMPLES OF CONDITIONS OR RESTRICTIONS THAT MIGHT BE IMPOSED TO MANAGE, REDUCE, OR ELIMINATE CONFLICTS OF INTERESTS INCLUDE: -PUBLIC DISCLOSURE OF SIGNIFICANT FINANCIAL INTERESTS -MONITORING OF RESEARCH BY INDEPENDENT REVIEWERS -MODIFICATION OF THE RESEARCH PLAN -DISQUALIFICATION FROM PARTICIPATION IN THE PORTION OF FUNDED RESEARCH THAT COULD BE AFFECTED BY SIGNIFICANT FINANCIAL INTEREST -DIVESTITURE OF SIGNIFICANT FINANCIAL INTERESTS -SEVERANCE OF RELATIONSHIPS THAT CREATE ACTUAL OR POTENTIAL CONFLICTS -REVIEW OF COMMERCIAL SPONSORED RESEARCH AGREEMENTS FOR SCIENTIFIC MERIT BY THE PROGRAM PLANNING COMMITTEE -REMOVAL OF AN AFFECTED PARTY FROM NEGOTIATION WITH A COMPANY WITH WHICH HE/SHE HAS SIGNIFICANT FINANCIAL INTEREST FORM 990, PART VI, LINES 15A AND 15B PROCESS FOR DETERMINING COMPENSATION COMPENSATION FOR THE CEO, THE PRESIDENT, THE EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT/CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER/CHIEF ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICER, AND OTHER KEY EMPLOYEES IS ESTABLISHED ACCORDING TO INSTITUTE POLICIES WHICH ARE DESIGNED TO MEET THE IRS STANDARD FOR "REBUTTABLE PRESUMPTION OF REASONABLENESS" THE COMPENSATION COMMITTEE OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES, CONSISTING OF THREE INDEPENDENT TRUSTEES, REVIEWS COMPARABILITY DATA PROVIDED BY AN INDEPENDENT EXTERNAL CONSULTANT THAT INCORPORATES AND EVALUATES INSTITUTE DATA AND THAT OF COMPARABLE ORGANIZATIONS AND MARKETS FROM WHICH THE INSTITUTE DRAWS ITS EXECUTIVE TALENT. UTILIZING THIS STUDY WHICH INCLUDES THE CONSULTANT'S OPINION ON THE "REASONABLENESS" OF THE PROPOSED COMPENSATION, THE COMPENSATION COMMITTEE, WHICH TYPICALLY SEEKS TO ESTABLISH COMPENSATION BETWEEN THE 50TH AND THE 75TH PERCENTILE OF THE COMPARABILITY DATA, MAKES A DETERMINATION WHETHER THE PROPOSED COMPENSATION IS REASONABLE. IF THE PROPOSAL IS DEEMED TO BE REASONABLE, THE COMPENSATION COMMITTEE CONTEMPORANEOUSLY AND ADEQUATELY DOCUMENTS THE BASIS FOR ITS DETERMINATION AND THEN MAKES A RECOMMENDATION TO THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. IF THE PROPOSAL IS DEEMED REASONABLE BY THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE, THE COMPENSATION COMMITTEE PRESENTS ITS FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS TO THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES IN EXECUTIVE SESSION. IF APPROVED BY THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES, THE PROPOSAL IS THEN IMPLEMENTED AND SUCH DOCUMENTATION IS KEPT IN THE WRITTEN OR ELECTRONIC RECORDS OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES. THE PROCESS WAS LAST COMPLETED ON MAY 27, 2015 FOR THE FOLLOWING POSITIONS: 1) CEO 2) PRESIDENT 3) EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT/CAO/CFO/TREASURER 4) SVP EXTERNAL RELATIONS 5) SVP DRUG DISCOVERY & DEVELOPMENT 6) SCIENTIFIC DIRECTOR/PROFESSOR 7) NEUROSCIENCE & AGING AND STEM CELL RESEARCH CENTER DIRECTOR/PROFESSOR 8) CENTER DIRECTOR, LA JOLLA PROFESSOR 9) INFECTIOUS & INFLAMMATORY DISEASE CENTER DIRECTOR/PROFESSOR FORM 990, PART VI, LINE 19 PROCESS FOR MAKING DOCUMENTS AVAILABLE TO THE PUBLIC DOCUMENTS ARE AVAILABLE UPON REQUEST. FORM 990, PART XI, LINE 9 UNREALIZED LOSS ON SWAP - ($26,659) ROUNDING - $2 -------------------------- TOTAL - ($26,657)