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      <Desc>COLLECTIONSFiscal year 2016 marked the National Gallery of Art's 75th anniversary of fulfilling its mission of serving the nation at the highest possible museum and scholarly standards. Andrew W. Mellon's gift of his art collection and mandate to establish a national gallery with works of the highest quality is at the heart of the Gallery's mission. The collection of paintings, sculpture, and decorative arts traces the development of European achievements from the 13th century to the present and American art from colonial times to the present. It comprises a comprehensive study of Italian Renaissance art, including the only painting by Leonardo da Vinci outside Europe, as well as strong holdings of the French Impressionists, the Dutch and Flemish masters, one of the country's most distinguished American collections, and twentieth-century art. The collection also includes prints, drawings, rare books and photographs. Major post-World War II sculpture is installed in a dynamic and richly landscaped setting in the National Gallery Sculpture Garden.A number of notable paintings were added to the Gallery's collection during the fiscal year, including the gift to the Gallery of Gustave Caillebotte's "Dahlias, Garden at Petit Gennevilliers and the acquisition of "Madonna and Child" by Simon Vouet. The American collection received gifts of paintings, including "Mount Desert Island, Maine" by Jervis McEntee, "Woods in Winter" by Charles Warren Eaton, and "High Bridge at Night, New York City" by Ernest Lawson. Additions to the Dutch and Flemish collection included "Trompe I'Oeil of an Etching by Ferdinand Bol" by an anonymous Dutch or Flemish artist, Caspar Netscher's "A Young Woman Feeding a Parrot", and "A Soldier Smoking a Pipe" by Frans van Mieris. "The Adoration of the Magi", an oil sketch by Pier Francesco Mazzucchelli, was added to the Italian paintings collection.Almost 480 photographs were added to the collection during the year, some in honor of the 25th anniversary of the photography program at the Gallery. The Gallery's sculpture collection was strengthened by the acquisition of five medals and plaquettes from the sixteenth through the nineteenth centuries, and the modern art collection was augmented with seven gifts of sculpture, including the acquisition of "Lick and Lather" by Janine Antoni. The Gallery's collection of old master drawings was enhanced during the fiscal year by both gifts and purchases of more than fifty works, including four from the fifteenth century. The earliest is the work of an anonymous Florentine artist, active around 1400. Among the sixteenth-century drawings was "The Bagpipe Player", a study by Pieter Bruegel the Elder. Outstanding among the more than 150 modern drawings acquired this year were three by noted avant-garde artists Heinrich Campendonk, Lyonel Feininger, and Egon Schiele, each with ties to German expressionism. The Gallery acquired some 725 prints by gift and purchase and a dozen fine illustrated books during the fiscal year. The earliest and most important volume was the first French addition of "Mirouer de la redemption de lumain lignage", published in Lyons in 1478. The "Mirouer" was the first illustrated book published in France. The library added seventy-nine titles to the rare book collection, and the image collections department acquired an archive of approximately 5,000 albumen photographs comprising the core set produced by the British photographer Francis Bedford.The Gallery's department of image collections acquired approximately 148,000 images during the fiscal year, including twenty-six rare photographic albums, 5,800 rare photographs, 62,500 photographs and 36,000 digital images. Researchers viewed more than 10,000 images on-site, and image specialists answered 954 reference inquiries.Preserving the Gallery's outstanding collection for future generations remains one of the Gallery's critical responsibilities and the primary concern of its conservators and scientific researchers. During the fiscal year, the Gallery's painting, object, photograph, paper, and frame conservators and scientific researchers undertook treatments and examinations, and studied and devised new technologies that further the Gallery's mission of preserving the works of art with which it is entrusted. Painting conservators completed twenty-eight major and/or complex treatments, thirty-five minor treatments, and seventy-four major examinations involving x-radiography and infrared reflectography. In addition, more than 500 paintings were examined in preparation for Gallery exhibitions and loans to other institutions. Several hundred additional paintings in the collection were examined.Paper conservators completed seventeen major treatments, 124 minor treatments, four major examinations, and 1,376 minor examinations for exhibitions, loans, acquisition, and collections maintenance. Matting-framing specialists matted 1,584 prints, drawings and photographs, framed and unframed 1,104 artworks, prepared 598 custom housings, devised special mounts for 132 artworks, built 115 frames, and installed 103 artworks. The photograph conservation department completed twenty-seven major treatments, 966 minor treatments and 828 condition examinations for exhibitions, loans, and collections maintenance. The textile conservation department completed four major treatments, thirteen major examinations, fifty-one minor treatments, eighty minor examinations, and 213 condition examinations for exhibitions, loans, collection maintenance, and the Gallery's east building reinstallation. Object conservators completed ten major treatments, 127 minor treatments, sixty-three major examinations and more than 600 minor examinations to prepare sculptures for loan, exhibition, and preservation. In addition to providing expert care for works of art, Gallery conservators and scientists participate in professional meetings and in the publication of technical papers that make available the results of research undertaken at the Gallery. This research supports and enhances conservation practices around the world.</Desc>
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        <Desc>EDUCATION, GALLERY SHOPS AND PUBLIC PROGRAMSIn conjunction with the celebration of the Gallery's 75th anniversary, the education department presented several new programs designed to enhance the visitor experience in the exploration of the Gallery's collection, both onsite and through social media. The Gallery continued to strengthen its outreach during the fiscal year with more than one million followers on social media (Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Pinterest), and the Gallery's imaging and visual services, website, and media production activities were consolidated into a new digital media division to further the Gallery's digital integration initiatives. Among the new education programs introduced during the year was "Sketching is Seeing", which encouraged visitors of all ages and skill levels to use sketching as a way to examine carefully and connect with works of art. This pilot program served more than 13,000 visitors. Another new program, "75 Stories", invited visitors to join fifteen-minute pop-up talks that focused on rarely-told tales from the Gallery's first seventy-five years. A six-visit pilot program designed for Georgetown University medical students used art to help students hone their observation and communication skills. Similarly, the Gallery created a workshop for the American College of Physician's annual internal medicine conference. The workshop was designed to encourage advanced nursing students to focus on "closer looking".The Gallery offered its traditional on-site programs during the fiscal year including school, family, and teacher programs; tours for adults; auditorium lectures; and printed guides to the collections. Through these programs approximately 750,000 on-site visitors were served. Docent and staff-led tours and free audio guides of the collection reached about 125,000 visitors. Teen and family programs and audio guides for children engaged about 12,000 visitors. School tours, including the multiple-visit Art Around the Corner program connected more than 33,000 students with the Gallery's collections. The Gallery shops continued to offer visitors the opportunity to extend their educational experience and appreciation of art by purchasing exhibition catalogues, art history texts, posters, postcards, and other related merchandise.Education resources, the Gallery's outreach program which consists of nearly 500 programs and publications, served more than thirty million people, including television audiences across the nation. Auditorium programs served more than 16,000 visitors. Film and video premieres, restorations, and retrospectives were presented every week during the year. The music department began its seventy-fourth concert season. Concerts were presented in honor of special exhibitions, and for the first time, concerts were held during the day which increased attendance and brought standing-room-only crowds to several of the events. The Gallery's Center for Advanced Study in the Visual Arts, founded in 1979, continued its support and enhancement of scholarship in art and architecture through fellowships, research, scholarly meetings, and publications. This year, the thirty-sixth academic year, the Center welcomed scholars from China, Germany, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Serbia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The topics of their research ranged from gold disks of Chichen Itza in the reign of K'ak'upcal to the migration of fountains in early modern Europe, from the relationship between Edgar Degas and Mary Cassatt to fashion and costume in Yuan dynasty China, from the art of Romare Bearden to that of Philip Guston, and from American modernist photography and the Mexican cultural renaissance to the prints of Jan van de Velde II.The division of imaging and visual services continued to document the Gallery's collections and to promote access to high-quality, color-accurate digital images. Master digital files were made for 828 objects, including 158 new acquisitions. Technical imaging was provided for 121 conservation treatments. The Gallery posted over 41,000 new and replacement images to its website, which received more than six million visits, a four percent increase over the prior year. The media production department produced several films to highlight works by various artists and the Gallery's permanent collection, and installed and maintained multi-media artwork for several exhibitions. In total, the Gallery produced 164 audio and sixty-seven video podcasts during the fiscal year. All films and podcasts were featured on the Gallery's website.A key element of the Gallery's commitment to scholarship in art history and the consequent enrichment of higher education across the country is the art research library, one of the finest and most respected art libraries in the world. The comprehensive, in-depth collection comprises more than 400,000 volumes on the history, theory, and criticism of art and architecture. The Gallery's rare book collection comprises over 12,000 volumes of early printed books and primary source material related to the history of Western art from the Middle Ages to the present. The art research library is used by staff, visiting fellows, professors, and scholars associated with the Gallery's Center for Advanced Study in the Visual Arts, as well as by members of the public. In fiscal year 2016, the library acquired 6,393 books and 1,353 auction catalogs. The reader services department welcomed approximately 2,000 visitors, answered 2,950 inquiries, created 3,467 scans from its rare book collection, and recorded 28,384 unique visits to the library's web pages.</Desc>
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        <Desc>SPECIAL EXHIBITIONSAn integral aspect of the National Gallery programming is organizing and presenting special exhibitions of major works of art lent from public and private collections around the world, highlighting the breadth of artistic achievement in all its forms. Through collaborative relationships with other nations and museums, special exhibitions bring together great works of art and contribute to scholarship in the field. The Gallery presented eighteen exhibitions and administered the loan of 1,104 works of art to 228 sites during fiscal year 2016.The Gallery presented a diverse selection of special exhibitions while preparing to reopen the east building galleries after three years of closure for renovation. Of the eighteen exhibitions offered, four continued from the previous year: "Recent Acquisitions of Italian Renaissance Prints: Ideas Made Flesh; "Gustave Caillebotte: The Painter's Eye; "Pleasure and Piety: The Art of Joachim Wtewael (1566-1638); and "Vermeer's Woman in Blue Reading a Letter from the Rijksmuseum". In addition, the Gallery's library presented three exhibitions of books and images from its collections during the fiscal year. "The Serial Impulse at Gemini G.E.L." celebrated the 50th anniversary of Gemini G.E.L. (Graphic Editions Limited), the renowned Los Angeles artists' workshop and publisher. The exhibition displayed seventeen innovative and exemplary serial projects (127 individual prints) created by seventeen artists working at Gemini G.E.L., including John Baldessari, David Hockney, Jasper Johns, Julie Mehretu, Susan Rothenberg, and Ed Ruscha. The Gallery's website presented images of all of the prints in the exhibition, archival photographs of printmakers at work in the studio, quotations from the artists, and discussions of the nature, purpose, and sources of inspiration for their serial projects.In honor of the Gallery's 25th anniversary of the photography program, "Celebrating Photography at the National Gallery of Art: Recent Gifts" unveiled some 200 works from the dawn of photography in the 1840s to work by contemporary photographers. Among the challenging display features was the presentation on one large wall of sixty-nine political portraits by Richard Avedon, originally produced as "Rolling Stone" covers. The Gallery's publication, "The Altering Eye: Photography from the National Gallery of Art", coincided with the commemorative exhibition. "Louise Bourgeois: No Exit" explored the work of the artist with twenty-one drawings, prints, and sculptures, revealing Bourgeois's ties to both existentialism and surrealism. The exhibition featured a rare complete copy of the artist's book "He Disappeared into Complete Silence" (1947), a group of nine engravings, each with a parable written by Bourgeois suggesting the themes of loss, misfortune, miscommunication, and rejection."Power and Pathos: Bronze Sculpture of the Hellenistic World" presented some fifty bronze sculptures and related works, dating from the fourth century BC to the first century AD. Works were featured from renowned archaeological museums in Austria, Denmark, France, Georgia, Great Britain, Greece, Italy, Spain, Tunisia, the United States, and the Vatican. The exhibition offered an opportunity to appreciate the importance of bronze in antiquity and the innovations of Hellenistic sculptors, as many of the sculptures were melted down over the centuries. Displayed in the Gallery's east garden court was the "Statue of a Victorious Youth (The Getty Bronze)". A fully illustrated catalog accompanied the exhibition, and a documentary film produced by the Gallery explored the historical and cultural context of Hellenistic bronzes. "Tom Hunter: Life and Death in Hackney" featured five photographs by British artist Tom Hunter, in which he explored the cultural resonances of iconic Victorian painting by reworking their compositions in a contemporary setting. Hunter concentrated on the marginal and disempowered. By adding the weight of historical allusion to his compositions, Hunter imparted a dignity to his often overlooked subjects, transforming the disaffected youth of contemporary London into his heroes and heroines. "Three Centuries of American Prints from the National Gallery of Art" explored major events and movements in American art from the colonial era to the present. Mounted on the occasion of the Gallery's 75th anniversary, the exhibition featured works drawn entirely from the Gallery's permanent collection. The exhibition included works from across the centuries that aim to raise awareness and inspire change, ranging from an engraving of the Boston Massacre by Paul Revere to a broadside from more than two hundred years later by the undercover feminist collective known as the Guerrilla Girls. A fully illustrated catalog accompanied the exhibition."In Celebration of Paul Mellon" recognized the crucial role Mr. Mellon played in carrying out the founding vision of his father, Andrew, who had laid plans for the museum before his death in 1937. Timed to coincide with the Gallery's 75th anniversary, this celebratory exhibition brings together some eighty of the finest pastels, watercolors, drawings, prints, and illustrated books given to the Gallery by Paul Mellon. Among the works on display were evocative watercolors by Winslow Homer and Edouard Manet, powerful portrait drawings by Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres and Edgar Degas, sporting lithographs by George Bellows, a pen landscape by Vincent van Gogh, and cubist compositions by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque."Intersections: Photographs and Videos from the National Gallery of Art and the Corcoran Gallery of Art" brought together highlights of the recently merged photograph and video collections of the two institutions. The exhibition featured works by a range of artists from the 1840s to the present. The connections between the two photography collections were explored through five themes - movement, sequence, narrative, studio, and identity. Featuring some fifty paintings and fifty drawings, "Hubert Robert, 1733-1808" explored one of the most prominent artists of the late eighteenth century. Co-organized by the Gallery and the Musee du Louvre, the exhibition was the first in more than eighty years to encompass Robert's entire career and to survey his achievements as both a painter and a draftsman. One gallery, devoted entirely to works on paper, included a digitized sketchbook using page-turning technology, allowing visitors to flip through its recreated pages on a monitor next to the actual book. A selection of the digitized sketchbook drawings was made available on the Gallery's website."Recent Acquisitions of Dutch and Flemish Drawings" encompassed landscapes, seascapes, portraits, still lifes, and historical subjects that demonstrate the originality of Dutch and Flemish draftsmanship and its stylistic evolution. Key works by artists such as Maerten van Heemskerck, Hendrick Goltzius, Abraham Bloemaert, and Jan van Huysum were exhibited."Damien Hirst: The Last Supper" included thirteen prints from the Corcoran collection and the first works by Hirst to enter the Gallery's collection. In "The Last Supper", Hirst wittily explored the role of faith, viewing it in relation to medicine and religion. After three years of closure due to renovations, the Gallery celebrated the reopening of the east building galleries with three exhibitions mounted in the new space. "In the Tower: Barbara Kruger", focused on the work of this American artist, inspired by the Gallery's recent acquisition of Kruger's "Untitled (Know nothing, Believe anything, Forget everything)". A short film produced by the Gallery accompanied the exhibition. Exhibited in the newly redesigned concourse galleries, "Los Angeles to New York: Dwan Gallery, 1959-1971", showcased the remarkable career of art dealer and patron Virginia Dwan and featured some 100 works from her extraordinary personal collection. A fully illustrated catalog accompanied the exhibition. The third exhibition in the new space, "Photography Reinvented: The Collection of Robert E. Meyerhoff and Rheda Becker" celebrated the pledged gift of thirty-three large-scale photographs from the important collection of Robert E. Meyerhoff and Rheda Becker, with monumental works by Thomas Demand, Thomas Struth, Hiroshi Sugimoto, and Jeff Wall, among others. A fully illustrated catalog accompanied the exhibition.</Desc>
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        <ExplanationTxt>The Gallery's art collections focus upon European and American paintings, sculpture, decorative arts, works on paper and photographs. In conformity with accounting policies generally followed by art museums, the value of art has been excluded from the statement of financial position. The Gallery's collections are maintained for public exhibition, education and research in furtherance of public service, rather than for financial gain. The Gallery acquires its art collections through purchase or by donation-in-kind. Only current year purchases made from specifically designated funds, not donations-in-kind, are reflected in the statement of activities. The Gallery does not deaccession any of its permanent collections.</ExplanationTxt>
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      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
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        <ExplanationTxt>The National Gallery of Art's collection of nearly 130,000 works of art includes paintings, sculpture and decorative arts tracing the development of European achievements from the 13th century through the present and American art from colonial times to the present. The collection also includes prints, drawings, rare books and photographs. Major post-World War II sculpture is installed in a dynamic and richly landscaped setting in the National Gallery Sculpture Garden. The collection furthers the National Gallery of Art's exempt purpose as the nation's premier art museum, as stated in the 1937 Joint Resolution of Congress which established the Gallery, "...so that the National Gallery of Art shall be at all times properly maintained, and the works of art contained therein shall be exhibited regularly to the general public free of charge." The works of art are on view 363 days a year to the general public; curators, conservators, and scholars study and publish articles, catalogues, and books on the works of art in the collection to further scholarship in the field; conservators examine, clean and conduct scientific research on the works of art to preserve them for future generations; and works of art in the collection are lent to other art museums throughout the world.</ExplanationTxt>
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        <ExplanationTxt>The Gallery's endowment consists of 89 individual funds, including both donor-restricted endowment funds and funds designated by the Board of Trustees to function as endowments. The endowment funds were established for a variety of purposes including the following: acquisitions of works of art, curatorial, conservation, special exhibitions, educational, editorial, and general operating purposes.</ExplanationTxt>
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      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
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        <ExplanationTxt>ASC Topic 740-10-25: The Gallery is a nonprofit organization exempt from federal income taxes under the provisions of Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code. Tax positions are recognized or derecognized based on a more likely than not threshold. This applies to positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The Gallery is not aware of any uncertain tax positions.</ExplanationTxt>
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        <PersonNm>Maygene Daniels</PersonNm>
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        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Part I, Line 1a</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>During 2015 the Gallery's Director traveled first class on Amtrak's Acela Express and on one occasion flew first class for bona-fide business purposes in accordance with the Gallery's travel policy. The Gallery maintains an accountable plan for travel reimbursements that meets IRS requirements; therefore no portion of the benefits was treated as taxable compensation to the Director. In accordance with IRS regulations, the reimbursement of travel expenses for an employee's spouse/domestic partner are non-taxable to the individual provided his/her presence serves a bona-fide business purpose of the Gallery. Documentation of the spousal travel expenses includes information supporting the Gallery's business purpose. The Director's spouse, together with the Director, attended three business events serving as a representative of the Gallery. Airfare and accomodations for both individuals were reimbursed by the Gallery in accordance with its travel policies.</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Part I, Line 4b</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>The Gallery has in place a supplemental executive retirement plan benefit for the Director, Earl A. Powell III. The plan vests as of November 1, 2018 in the form of a lump sum benefit, provided that all of the terms and conditions of the agreement are met, including that the Director is employed by the Gallery as of the vesting date, or in the event that the Gallery terminates his employment prior to such vesting, under certain circumstances, a pro-rated benefit will be paid. $87,110 was accrued under the benefit plan this year.</ExplanationTxt>
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        <ContributionCnt>4692</ContributionCnt>
        <MethodOfDeterminingRevenuesTxt>See part II</MethodOfDeterminingRevenuesTxt>
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      <ArtFractionalInterestGrp>
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        <ContributionCnt>1</ContributionCnt>
        <MethodOfDeterminingRevenuesTxt>See part II</MethodOfDeterminingRevenuesTxt>
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        <ContributionCnt>55</ContributionCnt>
        <NoncashContributionsRptF990Amt>1692289</NoncashContributionsRptF990Amt>
        <MethodOfDeterminingRevenuesTxt>See part II</MethodOfDeterminingRevenuesTxt>
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      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Part I, Line 33:</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>Schedule M, Part I, Column (b): The number of works of art consists of the number of objects gifted and accessioned in FY 2016, including 2,202 from the Corcoran Gallery of Art. The number of gifts of securities consists of the number of gifts of individual stocks rather than the number of donors or number of shares of stock. Schedule M, Line 33: In accordance with practices generally followed by art museums, art objects donated to the Gallery are not valued and therefore not included in revenue. Schedule M, Part I, Line 9, Column (d): Gifts of publicly traded securities are valued by averaging the high and low value as reflected on the appropriate exchange on the day of the donation.</ExplanationTxt>
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    </IRS990ScheduleM>
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      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Form 990, Part VI, Section B, line 11</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>Copies of the Gallery's 990 are presented to the members of the Audit Committee of the Gallery's Board of Trustees for discussion and review. The Audit Committee consists of the five General Trustees. The Audit Committee submits a copy of the 990 to the Board of Trustees which approves the 990 before the Gallery files the return with the Internal Revenue Service.</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Form 990, Part VI, Section B, line 12c</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>The National Gallery of Art regularly and consistently monitors and enforces compliance with its conflict of interest policy by requiring its executive officers, senior level employees, and other employees whose positions have been designated as including significant control or influence over the award of contracts, purchases of goods or services, investments or any other expenditures or commitments made by the Gallery to review, complete, and sign an annual Ethics Declaration. The Ethics Declaration states that the officer or employee submitting the Declaration understands and has complied with the Gallery's conflict of interest policy, will continue to comply with that policy, and will consult with the Gallery's Ethics Officer if compliance questions arise. The Declaration further requires all declarants to disclose any economic interest or employment relationship that the declarant and his or her family members might have in any business or with any individual that is doing or negotiating to do business with the Gallery. Executive officers and senior level employees further are required to disclose service on the boards of other organizations. Violation of a rule or restriction contained within the Gallery's conflict of interest policy may constitute a crime under Federal laws and may also result in disciplinary action in addition to or in lieu of any penalty prescribed by law. Trustees, similarly, are required annually to review, complete, and sign the Gallery's Ethical Guidelines for General Trustees, which addresses conflicts of interest of Trustees and/or members of their family.</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Form 990, Part VI, Section B, line 15</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>The goal of the Gallery's executive compensation process is to attract and retain talented executive leadership through competitive compensation that is comparable to other museum organizations that are similar in scope and activities. The performance of the officers is reviewed annually and compensation is set by the Board of Trustees and documented contemporaneously. The Gallery's Board of Trustees retains an outside consultant every three years to survey the compensation of officers of other art museums and similar sized non-profits to evaluate the reasonableness of the officer's compensation.</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Form 990, Part VI, Section C, line 19</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>The Gallery's financial statements are made available to the public on the Gallery's internet website at www.nga.gov. The Gallery's governing documents and conflict of interest policy are provided to the public upon request.</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Form 990, Part XI, line 9:</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>Change in value of split-interest agreements 498,548.</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
    </IRS990ScheduleO>
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          <CityNm>Cockeysville</CityNm>
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        <PrimaryActivitiesTxt>Use of artwork to promote the public's appreciation of modern art</PrimaryActivitiesTxt>
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          <CityNm>Washington</CityNm>
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