2018-09-13T08:12:05-05:00 2016-06-30 ERNST & YOUNG US LLP 4365 EXECUTIVE DRIVE SUITE 1600 SAN DIEGO CA 92121 990 2015-07-01 952160097 THE SALK INSTITUTE FOR BIOLOGICAL STUDIES % KIMBERLY CASTILLO SALK 8584534100 10010 N TORREY PINES ROAD LA JOLLA CA 920371002 KIMBERLY CASTILLO CFO 8584534100 2018-09-11 true JOCELYNE MILLER P00634378 8585357260 2015 2018-06-14 16:35:46Z X FRED GAGE 10010 N TORREY PINES ROAD LA JOLLA CA 920371002 209411955 false X WWW.SALK.EDU X 1960 CA BASIC RESEARCH IN THE FOLLOWING: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY & GENETICS, NEUROSCIENCE, AND PLANT BIOLOGY. 32 28 1081 111 12021 -3 106020719 101155413 0 0 13297108 24667404 5947860 2387202 125265687 128210019 0 0 0 0 65119071 65706375 0 0 4368188 50870446 51166322 115989517 116872697 9276170 11337322 484480296 456410477 107461301 108429751 377018995 347980726 X INVOLVED IN RESEARCH ACTIVITIES, THE OBJECTIVES OF WHICH ARE THE ADVANCEMENT AND DISSEMINATION OF KNOWLEDGE RELEVANT TO THE HEALTH AND WELLBEING OF MAN. THE OBJECTIVES ARE MET PRIMARILY THROUGH RESEARCH AND ADVANCED INSTRUCTION IN (A) BIOLOGY, (B) THE CAUSE, PREVENTION AND CURE OF DISEASES, AND (C) THE FACTORS AND CIRCUMSTANCES CONDUCIVE TO THE FULFILLMENT OF MAN'S BIOLOGICAL POTENTIAL. false false 0 99341292 0 0 New insight into how the immune system sounds the alarm - Scientists at the Salk Institute discovered that T cells, immune system cells that identify and destroy harmful invaders or diseased cells, are triggered by a dynamic protein network at the cell surface. The new findings were described in Nature Immunology. In their studies, the scientists learned that a protein called ZAP-70 must repeatedly come in contact with the cell surface until a second molecule, called Lck, helps it remain with the T cell receptor. The connection activates ZAP-70 and prompts the T cell to attack invaders and diseased cells. Further understanding of this process may lead to ways of encouraging the immune system to be more sensitive in recognizing and eliminating diseases. [8/3/15] Receptors in brain linked to schizophrenia, autism - A team at Salk showed that the loss of a set of critical receptors in one type of neuron in the brain may be responsible for neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism and schizophrenia. Working in mice, the scientists selectively deleted the mGluR5 receptors from parvalbumin-positive interneurons, cells thought to be important in general cognition, after the brains initial formation. Without these receptors, the mice developed compulsive, anti-social behaviors and patterns of brain activity similar to those seen in humans with schizophrenia. Additional research may provide a means to reverse this molecular change and restore the brain cells to healthy, functioning states. The findings were reported in Molecular Psychiatry. [8/11/15] The DNA damage response goes viral: a way in for new cancer treatments - In critical new research reported in Cell, Salk scientists detailed how a cluster of proteins - collectively called the MRN complex - differentiates between a break in a cells own DNA and an invasion by viral DNA and how it amplifies its response through histones, packaging proteins that wrap genetic material into small protective bundles. To repair a cellular break, MRN starts a domino effect, activating histones on surrounding chromosomes, which summons a cascade of additional proteins. However, when a virus enters the cells nucleus and turns on genes to replicate its own DNA, the response is different. The MRN complex grabs and selectively neutralizes the viral DNA without triggering the cascade of additional proteins. The researchers also learned that MRN recruited to cellular DNA breaks, such as those common in cancer cells, cannot simultaneously sense and respond to incoming viral genomes. The team envisions using this insight to engineer cancer-selective viral therapies that could destroy even the earliest lesions. [8/27/15] Scientists see motor neurons "walking" in real time - In a technological first, researchers at the Salk Institute successfully added a fluorescent sensor protein called GCaMP6f to motor neurons, allowing them to watch with a microscope which cells were activated in a mouse spinal cord during complex movements such as walking. The study, published in Neuron, helped scientists answer a long-standing question about how the locomotor central pattern generator (CPG), a collection of cells in the spinal cord, connects to the right motor neurons to allow complex movements. This insight may point the way for clinicians to be able to repair those connections in patients with spinal cord injuries or neurodegenerative diseases like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). [9/2/15] Errant gene turns cells into mobile cancer factories - Salk scientists demonstrated how a single master gene, called Sox10, controls if-and to what extent-cells turn into mini factories, rapidly churning out more copies of themselves as well as variants that can better survive the challenging and changing environments to which cancers are exposed. In their study, the researchers found that specialized mammary cells with the greatest ability to create different cell types had higher levels of Sox10 expression. When the team removed Sox10, the cells lost that ability. They also discovered that high levels of the Sox10s protein in the right conditions caused the cells to become mobile and invade surrounding areas. This new understanding of Sox10, published in Cell Reports, could help point the way to more efficient therapies for drug-resistant cancers. [9/10/15] In first, Salk scientists use sound waves to control brain cells - A novel technique developed by researchers at the Salk Institute selectively and noninvasively turns on groups of neurons in nematodes. As described in Nature Communications, the technique, dubbed sonogenetics, offers advantages over current light-based methods by allowing researchers to stimulate hard-to-reach regions deep in the brain. The group has already begun testing the technology on mice. Being able to safely study the effect of targeted cell activation should facilitate a better understanding of cell mechanisms and point the way to future therapeutics for cells affected by disease. [9/15/15] Not all organs age alike - A study by scientists at the Salk Institute and published in Cell Systems provided the first comprehensive view of how cellular proteins age in different organs. Working with young and old rats, the team combined genomics and proteomics to show that protein aging patterns appear to relate to an organs specific cellular properties or function. Cells in the liver, for example, are replaced frequently, allowing the organ to replenish its proteins. Most neurons in the brain, however, are non-dividing cells that must survive for a lifetime and are therefore more vulnerable to accumulated damage. Further investigation into the molecular mechanisms of aging could lead to the development of novel therapies to prevent or treat a range of age-related diseases. [9/17/15] Mobile app records our erratic eating habits - Building on previous Salk research that demonstrated how time-restricted eating in mice helped prevent obesity and associated disease, a team at the Institute designed a mobile app to help humans objectively register their daily food and beverage intake. Participants in an initial study took a cell phone picture of everything they consumed and the app captured the metadata, such as location, and recorded a time stamp. The resulting data, collected over a three-week period and reported in Cell Metabolism, showed that a majority of people eat for more than 15 hours a day, with less than a quarter of the days calories consumed before noon and over a third consumed after 6 pm. The scientists suggest this mobile app could be a powerful tool for personalized medicine, helping people monitor their daily diet and medications. [9/24/15] Targeting mutant proteins might be silver bullet for neurodegenerative diseases - Salk scientists unraveled how mutant molecules damage the nervous system of people with Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease, a group of disorders that hinders peoples ability to move and feel sensation in their hands and feet. Approximately 1 in every 2,500 people in the U.S. is affected by CMT. The team built on their previous discovery that one form of the disorder was caused by a gene mutation that deformed an enzyme known as GlyRS. Using a range of neurogenetic, gene therapy, biochemical and structural biology research techniques, the team demonstrated that the mutant GlyRS enzyme blocked molecular signals important for maintaining the health of motor neurons. The findings, published in Nature, suggest a possible avenue for developing new therapies for CMT. [10/21/15] Protein factories hidden in human jumping genes - Salk scientists found human and chimp DNA peppered with sequences of genetic code dubbed ORF0 that produce hundreds to thousands of previously unknown proteins and which spread throughout the genome on jumping genes. The abundance of ORF0 instances in the human genome suggests that it played - and still plays - an important role in evolutionary diversity and flexibility by serving as a mechanism for generating novel proteins. The teams discovery, reported in Cell, may shine light on the origins of genetic mutations responsible for cancer and other diseases such as schizophrenia, where previous studies have suggested jumping genes may be involved. [10/22/15] Cellular damage control system helps plants tough it out - As reported in Science, Salk researchers revealed details about a fundamental mechanism that helps plants manage their energy intake. It was suspected that the command center of a plant cell, the nucleus, occasionally degrades and reuses the materials of select, malfunctioning chloroplasts, the organelles that convert sunlight into chemical energy, but the mechanism had not been shown. Working with Arabidopsis thaliana, the team discovered that cells marked the damaged chloroplasts for degradation with a protein tag called ubiquitin. By better understanding this process in chloroplasts, scientists may also glean insight into how human cells handle misbeh 99341292 true true false true false false false false false true true true false false true false true false false false true false false false true false false false false true true false false false false false true false false false false true false false false false true true false false false true 145 0 true 1081 true true true false false false false true true false false false false X 32 28 false false false false true true true true true false false true true true true true true true true false AL AK AZ AR CA CT GA HI IL KS KY ME MD MA MI MN MS NH NJ NM NY NC OH OK OR PA RI SC TN UT VA WA WV WI X X KIMBERLY CASTILLO 8584534100 10010 N TORREY PINES ROAD LA JOLLA CA 920371002 X William R Brody MD PhD President (Outgoing 12/31/15) 50.0 0.0 X X 972604 0 31654 Irwin M Jacobs SM ScD Chair 3.0 0.0 X X 0 0 0 Darlene M Shiley Vice Chair 2.0 0.0 X X 0 0 0 Theodore Waitt Vice Chair 2.0 0.0 X X 0 0 0 Edward Callaway PhD Trustee/Professor 50.0 0.0 X 309810 0 36744 Linda L Chester Trustee 0.5 0.0 X 0 0 0 Frederick J Dotzler Trustee 0.5 0.0 X 0 0 0 Jennifer L Howse PhD Trustee 0.5 0.0 X 0 0 0 Dean Kamen Trustee 0.5 0.0 X 0 0 0 Benjamin H Lewis Trustee 0.5 0.0 X 0 0 0 Corinne Mentzelopoulos Trustee 0.5 0.0 X 0 0 0 Howard H Newman PhD Trustee 0.5 0.0 X 0 0 0 Ralph S O'Connor Trustee 0.5 0.0 X 0 0 0 Gerald L Parsky Trustee 0.5 0.0 X 0 0 0 Frederik Paulsen PhD Trustee 0.5 0.0 X 0 0 0 Caryl Philips Trustee 0.5 0.0 X 0 0 0 Ernest S Rady Trustee 0.5 0.0 X 0 0 0 Faye Hunter Trustee 0.5 0.0 X 0 0 0 Mary Jane Salk Trustee 0.5 0.0 X 0 0 0 Benjamin S Schapiro Trustee 0.5 0.0 X 0 0 0 Carla J Shatz PhD Trustee/Non Resident Fellow 0.5 0.0 X 0 0 0 Jerre L Stead Trustee 2.0 0.0 X 0 0 0 David F Hale Trustee 0.5 0.0 X 0 0 0 Harvey P White Trustee 0.5 0.0 X 0 0 0 Marna C Whittington PhD Trustee 0.5 0.0 X 0 0 0 M Faye Wilson Trustee 0.5 0.0 X 0 0 0 Daniel C Lewis Trustee 0.5 0.0 X 0 0 0 Sanjay K Jha PhD Trustee 2.0 0.0 X 0 0 0 Greg Lemke PhD Trustee/Professor 50.0 0.0 X 238197 0 27727 Elizabeth Keadle Trustee 0.5 0.0 X 0 0 0 Alan D Gold Trustee 0.5 0.0 X 0 0 0 Beverly Emerson Ph D Trustee/Professor 50.0 0.0 X 215936 0 25201 Elizabeth Blackburn PhD President (Incoming 01/01/16) 50.0 0.0 X X 0 0 0 Martin Hetzer PhD TRUSTEE/PROFESSOR 50.0 0.0 X 254589 0 33978 Christopher Kintner PhD TRUSTEE/PROFESSOR 50.0 0.0 X 214976 0 31424 Haeyoung Kong Tang TRUSTEE 0.5 0.0 X 0 0 0 Donald L Cohn TRUSTEE 2.0 0.0 X 0 0 0 Richard A Heyman TRUSTEE 0.5 0.0 X 0 0 0 Edwin K Hunter TRUSTEE 0.5 0.0 X 0 0 0 Thomas M Jessell PhD TRUSTEE 0.5 0.0 X 0 0 0 Markus Reinhard TRUSTEE 0.5 0.0 X 0 0 0 Terry Rosen TRUSTEE 0.5 0.0 X 0 0 0 Daniel Tierney TRUSTEE 0.5 0.0 X 0 0 0 Marsha A Chandler PhD Exec. 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Counsel 50.0 0.0 X 275804 0 38406 Kim E Witmer Treasurer/Sr. VP/CFO 50.0 0.0 X 415582 0 38406 Fred H Gage PhD Professor 50.0 0.0 X 367452 0 33585 Rebecca R Newman VP, External Relations 50.0 0.0 X 424142 0 27439 Inder Verma PhD Professor 50.0 0.0 X 405932 0 31654 Anthony Hunter Ph D Professor 50.0 0.0 X 329082 0 33349 Geoffrey Wahl PhD Professor 50.0 0.0 X 313614 0 31336 5288720 0 448029 83 false true false UC REGENTS SAN DIEGO 9500 GILMAN DRIVE LA JOLLA CA 92093 TRNG PROGRAM/SUBCONT 2468801 SECURITAS SECURITY SERVICE FILE 57220 LOS ANGELES CA 90074 SECURITY 225479 Rudolph Sletten 600 B STREET SUITE 1500 SAN DIEGO CA 92101 CONSTRUCTION SVCS 476716 Guardsmark Inc FILE 6498 LOS ANGELES CA 90074 SECURITY 235055 Foss Therapy Services Inc 5938 SATSUMA AVE NORTH HOLLYWOOD CA 91601 EQUIPMENT SERVICE 206086 14 861970 47802760 52490683 1454614 101155413 0 2763148 2729505 0 2343458 2343458 0 0 0 102801350 80897094 21904256 21904256 21904256 162022 861970 304842 -142820 -142820 0 0 ENERGY REBATE 900099 169137 169137 OIL ROYALTIES 900099 2022 2022 UBI(K-1 FLOW THROUGH INCOME) 900099 12021 12021 3384 3384 186564 128210019 12021 27008942 0 0 0 0 3739164 1388582 2149730 200852 0 47839445 41138777 4590298 2110370 3462905 2925898 353853 183154 7177844 6207371 733460 237013 3487017 2946270 356317 184430 563067 95350 467717 314976 156947 156894 1135 193626 193626 0 0 540638 540638 8957064 8013441 750336 193287 73831 9927 6261 57643 1173677 502640 229361 441676 2004251 1560737 364638 78876 0 6643551 5346709 1150187 146655 952207 742703 125615 83889 0 1340843 966936 144771 229136 48530 48530 0 10837833 10055710 585884 196239 136792 136792 SCIENTIFIC SUBCONTRACTS 3804331 3804331 RESEARCH SUPPLIES 13030805 13030805 REPAIRS & PARTS 307778 299767 6127 1884 UBI TAXES 32201 32201 210321 148391 39981 21949 116872697 99341292 13163217 4368188 4073248 11957234 0 0 41780446 36961022 602635 469892 132500 447167 0 0 2269000 1890000 23605 44417 1310052 1110427 229903298 157219443 75233443 72683855 205296522 187364191 131323032 138309614 0 0 0 0 22435813 5172658 484480296 456410477 21410011 19668698 0 0 26592827 25931051 52862149 55810947 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6596314 7019055 107461301 108429751 X 100070439 80301928 104439060 90775336 172509496 176903462 377018995 347980726 484480296 456410477 X 11337322 -39992842 -382749 X false true X true true true X 141948096 131344685 138079570 106020719 101155413 618548483 0 0 141948096 131344685 138079570 106020719 101155413 618548483 33138310 585410173 4407819 4331506 4920223 8686425 5072963 27418936 3701 12021 15722 407374 170454 176715 185573 174543 1114659 647097800 0.90467 0.91509 X OTHER INCOME SCHEDULE A, PART II, LINE 10 Description: OIL ROYALTIES 2011: 6,794 2012: 2,951 2013: 5,788 2014: 4,629 2015: 2,022 Description: NOTE RECEIVABLE INTEREST 2011: 0 2012: 462 2013: 0 2014: 0 2015: 0 Description: ENERGY REBATE 2011: 400,580 2012: 167,503 2013: 145,516 2014: 179,409 2015: 169,137 Description: POSTRETIREMENT BENEFITS 2011: 0 2012: 0 2013: 21,588 2014: 0 2015: 0 Description: REVENUE SHARING-HOST VEHICLE CHARGING STATION 2011: 0 2012: 0 2013: 0 2014: 690 2015: 0 Description: RECYCLING/VAN SALE 2011: 0 2012: 0 2013: 2,333 2014: 0 2015: 0 Descriptioin: NET GIFT SHOP SALES 2011: 0 2012: 0 2013: 1,490 2014: 845 2015:3,384 RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED false false false false false false false false true 2485 2485 false OTHER ACTIVITIES PART II-B, LINE 1 PAID MEMBERSHIP DUES TO RESEARCH AND BIOMEDICAL ORGANIZATIONS, A PORTION OF WHICH ARE CONSIDERED LOBBYING. ASSOCIATION OF INDEPENDENT RESEARCH INSTITUTES $1,060 NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH $1,200 BIOCOM $225 218699419 6197345 -10186871 7186963 207522930 218629544 5364024 1892814 7186963 218699419 167637178 29641230 27636790 6285654 218629544 126725558 24531449 20361663 3981493 167637177 113493623 18776974 -1376528 4168510 126725559 0.01810 0.98190 false false 1153930 1153930 147854780 95840266 52014514 79630529 60130778 19499751 1264059 1248399 15660 72683855 ALTERNATIVE INVESTMENTS 138306500 F STOCKS NOT-PUBLICLY TRADED <5% 3114 C 138309614 2052 DEFERRED RETIREMENT OBLIGATION 7017003 7019055 117889752 -39992842 29367733 -10625109 128514861 -304842 -304842 128210019 117177535 304842 304842 116872693 4 4 116872697 ENDOWMENT FUNDS USES PART V, LINE 4 ENDOWMENT INCOME INTENDED TO BE USED FOR AND TO SUPPORT RESEARCH, OPERATIONS, AND LECTURESHIP EXPENSES. RECONCILIATION OF REVENUE PER AUDITED FS WITH REVENUE PER RETURN PART XI, LINE 2D INVESTMENT RETURN IN EXCESS OF AMOUNT DESIGNATED FOR CURRENT OPERATIONS UNDER SPENDING POLICY AND ROUNDING. Reconciliation of Revenue per Audited FS with Revenue per Return PART XI, LINE 4B FUNDRAISING EVENTS EXPENSES. Reconciliation of Expenses per Audited Financial Stmts w Expenses per Rtn PART XII, LINE 2D FUNDRAISING EVENTS EXPENSES. PART XII, LINE 4B ROUNDING. North America Program Services Attended conference 161964 South America Program Services Attended conference 7225 Europe (Including Iceland and Greenland) Program Services Scientific subcontract 43081 Europe (Including Iceland and Greenland) Program Services Attended conference 163950 East Asia and the Pacific Program Services Attended conference 24806 Central America and the Caribbean Program Services Attended conference 406 Middle East and North Africa Program Services Attended conference 7242 South Asia Program Services Attended conference 1646 Central America and the Caribbean Investments 95560162 95970482 95970482 true false true true true false NO. OF EMPLOYEES IN THE REGION PART I, LINE 3, COLUMN (C) SCIENTISTS TRAVEL TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES TO ATTEND CONFERENCES. WE DO NOT DEEM THESE ACTIVITIES TO CONSTITUTE WORKING IN THE REGION. ACCOUNTING METHOD PART I, LINE 3, COLUMN (F) ACCRUAL METHOD CONCERT 942677 839135 103542 110625 171000 LECTURE/MUSIC 81315 22835 58480 3167 20050 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1023992 861970 162022 0 0 0 113792 191050 0 304842 -142820 X X true true X X X X X X true false false false false false false false false William R Brody MD PhD President (Outgoing 12/31/15) 711189 0 0 0 261415 0 26500 0 5154 0 1004258 0 0 0 Edward Callaway PhD Trustee/Professor 243651 0 0 0 66159 0 24838 0 11906 0 346554 0 0 0 Marsha A Chandler PhD Exec. Vice Pres/COO 316387 0 0 0 234613 0 26500 0 626 0 578126 0 0 0 Julia A Miller JD Secretary/Gen. Counsel 273644 0 0 0 2160 0 26500 0 11906 0 314210 0 0 0 Kim E Witmer Treasurer/Sr. VP/CFO 361338 0 0 0 54244 0 26500 0 11906 0 453988 0 0 0 Fred H Gage PhD Professor 357500 0 0 0 9952 0 26500 0 7085 0 401037 0 0 0 Rebecca R Newman VP, External Relations 361080 0 0 0 63062 0 26500 0 939 0 451581 0 0 0 Inder Verma PhD Professor 395980 0 0 0 9952 0 26500 0 5154 0 437586 0 0 0 Anthony Hunter Ph D Professor 310096 0 0 0 18986 0 26500 0 6849 0 362431 0 0 0 Greg Lemke PhD Trustee/Professor 234855 0 0 0 3342 0 23596 0 4131 0 265924 0 0 0 Beverly Emerson Ph D Trustee/Professor 207990 0 0 0 7946 0 21070 0 4131 0 241137 0 0 0 Geoffrey Wahl PhD Professor 278706 0 0 0 34908 0 26500 0 4836 0 344950 0 0 0 Martin Hetzer PhD TRUSTEE/PROFESSOR 202743 0 0 0 51846 0 22822 0 11156 0 288567 0 0 0 Christopher Kintner PhD TRUSTEE/PROFESSOR 205363 0 0 0 9613 0 21070 0 10354 0 246400 0 0 0 QUESTIONS REGARDING COMPENSATION PART I, LINE 1A FIRST-CLASS OR CHARTER TRAVEL: ELIZABETH BLACKBURN, PRESIDENT - $14,688; WILLIAM BRODY, PRESIDENT - $9,936; EDWARD CALLAWAY, PROFESSOR - $236; FRED GAGE, PROFESSOR - $15,262; MARTIN HETZER, PROFESSOR - $151; INDER VERMA, PROFESSOR - $2,926. NOT TAXABLE - ACCOUNTABLE PLAN. QUESTIONS REGARDING HOUSING ALLOWANCE OR RESIDENCE PART I, LINE 1A A HOUSING ALLOWANCE IS PROVIDED AND REPORTED AS TAXABLE COMPENSATION. SEVERANCE PAYMENT PART I, LINE 4A SEVERANCE PAYMENT BASED ON CONFIDENTIAL AGREEMENT A COUNTY OF SAN DIEGO 956000934 797391R50 2010-05-27 37207949 REFUND 04/30/00 ISSUE;RENOVATE/EQU false false false B CA STATEWIDE COMM DEV AUTHORITY 680164610 2014-08-07 31081050 REFUND 08/11/05 ISSUE;RENOVATE/EQU false false false A 1685000 0 37207949 0 0 0 523682 0 0 23742247 12942020 0 2012 false true true true B 272065 0 21706746 0 0 0 0 0 0 5625696 16081050 0 true false false true A false false false false 0 false false false true B false false false false 0 false false false true A false false false true false false 0 false 0 false true B false true false false false 0 false 0 false true A true B true Schedule K, Part IV, Line 2c The rebate calculation was last performed on 05/10/2015. Schedule K, Part II, Line 3 MARTIN HETZER PROFESSOR HOME LOAN X 221500 123056 false true true MARTIN HETZER PROFESSOR HOME LOAN X 200000 168000 false true true MARTIN HETZER PROFESSOR HOME LOAN X 56000 31111 false true true EDWARD CALLAWAY PROFESSOR HOME LOAN X 250000 25000 false true true EDWARD CALLAWAY PROFESSOR RETENTION X 100000 100000 false true true 447167 X 19 1454614 MARKET VALUE false true false NUMBER OF CONTRIBUTIONS PART I, COLUMN B THE AMOUNT REPORTED IN THIS COLUMN REPRESENTS THE NUMBER OF CONTRIBUTIONS. GOVERNING BODY AND MANAGEMENT FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION A, LINES 1A, 6, 7A, 7B LINE 1A: THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE SHALL ADVISE AND AID THE OFFICERS OF THE CORPORATION IN ALL MATTERS CONCERNING ITS INTERESTS, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION ALL MATTERS RELATING TO COMPENSATION AND BENEFITS, AND SHALL POSSESS AND MAY EXERCISE, DURING THE INTERVALS BETWEEN THE MEETINGS OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES, ALL THE POWERS AND AUTHORITY OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF THE BUSINESS AND AFFAIRS OF THE CORPORATION, INCLUDING THE POWER TO AUTHORIZE THE CORPORATE SEAL TO BE AFFIXED TO ANY AND ALL DOCUMENTS WHICH MAY REQUIRE THE SAME TO BE AFFIXED THERETO, INSOFAR AS SUCH SEEMS TO THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE FOR THE BEST INTERESTS OF THE CORPORATION, IN ALL CASES IN WHICH SPECIFIC DIRECTIONS SHALL NOT HAVE BEEN GIVEN BY THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES, EXCEPT THAT THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTE SHALL HAVE NO POWER TO ADOPT, AMEND, OR REPEAL THE BY-LAWS. LINE 6: MEMBERSHIP OF THE CORPORATION CONSISTS OF THE PERSONS ELECTED TO THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES AND THREE MEMBERS FROM AMONG THE RESIDENT AND NON-RESIDENT FELLOWS AND PROFESSORS CHOSEN AND ELECTED ANNUALLY BY THE RESIDENT AND NON-RESIDENT FELLOWS AND PROFESSORS. LINE 7A: THE MEMBERS OF THE CORPORATION ELECT THE TRUSTEES. LINE 7B: THE MEMBERS OF THE CORPORATION MAY ALTER, AMEND, OR REPEAL THE BY-LAWS BY VOTE. POLICIES FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINES 11B, 12C, 15A/B LINE 11B: THE FORM 990 IS PREPARED BY THE INSTITUTE, INTERNALLY REVIEWED BY THE SR. DIRECTOR OF FINANCE AND THE CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER AND EXTERNALLY REVIEWED BY THE TAX DEPARTMENT OF A PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM. A COPY OF THE PREPARED FORM 990 IS PROVIDED TO ALL BOARD MEMBERS AND THE AUDIT COMMITTEE FOR REVIEW AND DISCUSSION PRIOR TO ELECTRONIC FILING. LINE 12C: ANNUALLY, THE CONFLICT OF INTEREST DISCLOSURE STATEMENT IS SENT OUT FOR COMPLETION BY THE MEMBERS OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES, SENIOR MEMBERS OF ADMINISTRATION AND RESEARCHERS. THE DESIGNATED OFFICIAL FOR EACH GROUP REVIEWS THE COMPLETED FORMS AND BRINGS ANY POTENTIAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST TO THE RESPECTIVE COMMITTEES FOR REVIEW. UPON DETERMINATION THAT A CONFLICT OF INTEREST EXISTS, THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONS OR RESTRICTIONS MAY BE IMPOSED: A. MONITORING OF ACTIVITIES GENERATING THE CONFLICT BY ANOTHER MEMBER; B. DISQUALIFICATION FROM PARTICIPATION IN THE ACTIVITIES GIVING RISE TO THE CONFLICT; C. MODIFICATION OF RESPONSIBILITIES TO AVOID CONFLICTS; D. PUBLIC DISCLOSURE OR DIVESTITURE OF SIGNIFICANT FINANCIAL INTERESTS; E. MODIFICATION OF THE RESEARCH PLAN OR REMOVAL OF THE AFFECTED RESEARCHER FROM THE RESEARCH; F. SEVERANCE OF RELATIONSHIP THAT CREATES ACTUAL OR POTENTIAL CONFLICTS; G. TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT. LINE 15A/B:IN 2015, AN INDEPENDENT CONSULTANT RETAINED BY THE SALK INSTITUTE TO ADVISE ON COMPENSATION ISSUES, ANALYZED THE COMPETITIVENESS OF THE BASE SALARY AND TOTAL COMPENSATION (INCLUDING BENEFITS) FOR THE PRESIDENT, CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER AND VICE PRESIDENT OF EXTERNAL RELATIONS. TOTAL COMPENSATION WAS COMPARED TO LIKE ROLES AMONG ORGANIZATIONS PROVIDING SIMILAR SERVICES IN THE RESEARCH INDUSTRY, INCLUDING BOTH FOR-PROFIT AND NOT-FOR-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS. THE CONSULTANT CONSIDERED THE SIZE AND SCOPE OF OPERATIONS OF THE INCUMBENTS AND THE GUIDELINES ARTICULATED IN THE SALK INSTIUTUTE EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION POLICY. THE CONSULTANT GAVE THE OPINION THAT THE TOTAL 2015 COMPENSATION WAS WELL WITHIN THE REASONABLE RANGE OF COMPETITIVE PRACTICES. NON-BASE PERFORMANCE RECOGNITION AWARDS WERE REQUESTED AND AWARDED IN JANUARY 2016. HUMAN RESOURCES COMPLETED A SIMILAR TOTAL COMPENSATION ANALYSIS FOR THE GENERAL COUNSEL, AND VP, ACADEMIC AND ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES. THE COMPENSATION COMMITTEE WAS PROVIDED MARKET DATA COMPARISON TO LIKE ROLES AMONG ORGANIZATIONS PROVIDING SIMILAR SERVICES IN THE RESEARCH INDUSTRY AND NOT-FOR-PROFIT SECTORS. HUMAN RESOURCES GAVE THE OPINION THAT THE TOTAL COMPENSATION WAS WELL WITHIN THE REASONABLE RANGE OF COMPETITIVE PRACTICES AND IN LINE WITH THE GUIDELINES ARTICULATED IN THE SALK INSTIUTUTE EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION POLICY. NON-BASE PERFORMANCE RECOGNITION AWARDS WERE REQUESTED AND AWARDED IN JANUARY 2016. AN EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION COMMITTEE WAS FORMED IN 2014. THE COMMITTEE'S PURPOSE IS TO ACT ON BEHALF OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES TO EVALUATE THE PERFORMANCE OF THE PRESIDENT/CEO; TO DETERMINE ON AN ANNUAL BASIS, APPROPRIATE COMPENSATION FOR THE PRESIDENT/CEO, VICE PRESIDENTS AND/OR EQUIVALENT PERSONS; AND TO RECOMMEND TO THE BOARD PLANS AND POLICIES PERTINENT TO THE COMPENSATION FOR THESE EXECUTIVES. THE REPORTS FROM THE INDEPENDENT CONSULTANT AND HUMAN RESOURCES WERE REVIEWED BY THE EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION COMMITTEE AND THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES, EXCLUDING PERSONS WITH A CONFLICT OF INTEREST WITH RESPECT TO THE COMPENSATION ARRANGEMENTS. THE DELIBERATIONS AND DECISIONS REGARDING THE COMPENSATION ACTIONS WERE INCLUDED IN THE MINUTES OF THE EXECUTIVE COMPENSATON COMMITTEE MEETING AND THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEETING. COPIES OF BOTH REPORTS WERE ATTACHED TO THE MINUTES OF THE MEETING. DISCLOSURE FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION C, LINE 19 UPON REQUEST, THE OFFICE OF THE CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER MAKES AVAILABLE TO THE PUBLIC THE INSTITUTE'S GOVERNING DOCUMENTS AND CONFLICT OF INTEREST POLICY. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ARE AVAILABLE ON THE SALK WEB SITE. OTHER CHANGES IN NET ASSETS FORM 990, PART XI, LINE 9 POSTRETIREMENT BENEFIT CHANGES OTHER THAN NET PERIODIC BENEFIT COST - ($382,752); ROUNDING - $3. COMPENSATION OF DIRECTORS FORM 990, PART VII, DIRECTORS COMPENSATION THE FOLLOWING INDIVIDUALS WERE COMPENSATED FOR THE FOLLOWING SERVICES AND NOT PAID AS TRUSTEES: EDWARD M. CALLAWAY, PH.D. - PROFESSOR; BEVERLY EMERSON, PH.D. - PROFESSOR; MARTIN HETZER, PH.D. - PROFESSOR, CHRISTOPHER R. KINTNER, PH.D. - PROFESSOR, GREG LEMKE, PH.D. - PROFESSOR. REASON FOR AMENDED 990 THE 2015 FORM 990 IS BEING AMENDED TO CORRECT LOANS REPORTED ON SCHEDULE L, PART, II AS WELL AS REPORTING ON FORM 990, PART X, LINES 5 AND 7. THE 2015 FORM 990 IS ALSO BEING AMENDED TO CORRECT SCHEDULE K RESPONSES FOR BOND B INCLUDING PART II, LINES 3-11, AS WELL AS LINE 15. 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