2018-02-20T18:09:20-06:00 2017-09-30 521853933 JONES MARESCA & MCQUADE PA 10500 LITTLE PATUXENT PARKWAY SUITE 770 COLUMBIA MD 21044 990 2016-10-01 521925494 FRIENDSHIP PLACE FRIE 2023641419 3655 CALVERT STREET NW WASHINGTON DC 20007 JEAN-MICHEL GIRAUD PRESIDENT/CEO 2023641419 2018-02-20 1 DAVID JONES P01361002 4108840220 64.88.174.3 2018-02-20 14:47:17 ES P 6B3294020F42B9E559A00BBAECB87153F921F36C D2B72D1E5BB65F1C74D0F14907959672B5511395 2016 2021-01-29 14:40:06Z JEAN-MICHEL GIRAUD 3655 CALVERT STREET NW WASHINGTON DC 20007 11925343 0 X WWW.FRIENDSHIPPLACE.ORG X 1995 DC FRIENDSHIP PLACE IS A LEADER IN THE WASHINGTON, DC, METRO AREA IN DEVELOPING SOLUTIONS TO HOMELESSNESS THAT HAVE MEASURABLE RESULTS AND A LASTING IMPACT. THE ORGANIZATION'S MISSION IS TO EMPOWER PEOPLE WHO ARE EXPERIENCING OR AT RISK OF HOMELESSNESS TO ATTAIN STABLE HOUSING AND REBUILD THEIR LIVES. FRIENDSHIP PLACE HELPED MORE THAN 3,500 PEOPLE IN THE YEAR ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017, WITH COMPREHENSIVE, WRAPAROUND SERVICES THAT INCLUDED STREET OUTREACH, DROP-IN, FREE MEDICAL AND PSYCHIATRIC SERVICES, JOB PLACEMENT, CASE MANAGEMENT, TRANSITIONAL SHELTER, RAPID REHOUSING, HOMELESSNESS PREVENTION, PERMANENT SUPPORTIVE HOUSING, AND SPECIALIZED SERVICES FOR FAMILIES, YOUTH, AND VETERANS. 34 34 159 400 0 0 2108232 2673312 8096059 9241044 518 1118 8017 9869 10212826 11925343 0 0 0 0 5948960 6397510 0 0 654205 3907693 4596481 9856653 10993991 356173 931352 3758535 4192843 1962202 1465158 1796333 2727685 X FRIENDSHIP PLACE IS A LEADER IN THE WASHINGTON, DC, METRO AREA IN DEVELOPING SOLUTIONS TO HOMELESSNESS THAT HAVE MEASURABLE RESULTS AND A LASTING IMPACT. THE ORGANIZATION'S MISSION IS TO EMPOWER PEOPLE WHO ARE EXPERIENCING OR AT RISK OF HOMELESSNESS TO ATTAIN STABLE HOUSING AND REBUILD THEIR LIVES. FRIENDSHIP PLACE HELPED MORE THAN 3,500 PEOPLE IN THE YEAR ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017, WITH COMPREHENSIVE, WRAPAROUND SERVICES THAT INCLUDED STREET OUTREACH, DROP-IN, FREE MEDICAL AND PSYCHIATRIC SERVICES, JOB PLACEMENT, CASE MANAGEMENT, TRANSITIONAL SHELTER, RAPID REHOUSING, HOMELESSNESS PREVENTION, PERMANENT SUPPORTIVE HOUSING, AND SPECIALIZED SERVICES FOR FAMILIES, YOUTH, AND VETERANS. 1 0 3269357 3552205 VETERANS SERVICES:VETERANS FIRST: PROVIDES SHORT-TERM, INTENSIVE CASE MANAGEMENT AND RENTAL ASSISTANCE TO HELP HOMELESS VETERANS AND THEIR FAMILIES GET BACK INTO HOUSING QUICKLY AND TO PREVENT HOMELESSNESS FOR VETERAN HOUSEHOLDS AT RISK OF EVICTION. THE PROGRAM TARGETS EXTREMELY LOW-INCOME HOUSEHOLDS (LESS THAN 30 PERCENT OF THE AREA MEDIAN INCOME) AND SERVES THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA AND EIGHT SURROUNDING COUNTIES IN MARYLAND AND VIRGINIA. DURING THE YEAR ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017, 744 HOUSEHOLDS WERE SERVED (ENCOMPASSING 1,017 TOTAL FAMILY MEMBERS); OF THOSE WHO EXITED THE PROGRAM DURING THE YEAR, 87 PERCENT GRADUATED TO STABLE PERMANENT HOUSING.FAMILIES FIRST: A PILOT PROJECT IN PRINCE GEORGE'S COUNTY, MARYLAND, THAT HELPS VETERAN FAMILIES TRANSITION FROM HOMELESSNESS INTO HOUSING AND THEN EMPOWERS THEM TO INCREASE THEIR HOUSEHOLD INCOME BY CONNECTING THEM TO JOBS OR EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES. DURING THE YEAR ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017, 78 PEOPLE IN 20 FAMILIES WERE SERVED; OF 13 FAMILIES WHO EXITED THE PROGRAM DURING THE YEAR, 12 GRADUATED SUCCESSFULLY TO STABLE PERMANENT HOUSING. 2833314 2185811 PERMANENT SUPPORTIVE HOUSING ("PSH"):FRIENDSHIP PLACE IS A LEADING DC PROVIDER OF PSH FOR HIGHLY VULNERABLE, CHRONICALLY HOMELESS INDIVIDUALS AND FAMILIES. THE PSH PROGRAMS ARE BASED ON A LOW-BARRIER, HOUSING FIRST SERVICE MODEL AND INCLUDE SCATTERED-SITE APARTMENTS, A GROUP HOME FOR FIVE WOMEN AND AN APARTMENT BUILDING FOR 40 MEN. CASE MANAGERS HELP PARTICIPANTS TRANSITION DIRECTLY FROM HOMELESSNESS INTO HOUSING AND THEN PROVIDE LONG-TERM SUPPORT TO ADDRESS THE FULL RANGE OF THEIR NEEDS AND EMPOWER THEM TO ACHIEVE PERSONAL GOALS FOR RECOVERY, WELLNESS, SELF-SUFFICIENCY AND INTEGRATION INTO THE COMMUNITY. DURING THE YEAR ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017, 124 FAMILIES (ENCOMPASSING 380 TOTAL FAMILY MEMBERS) AND 281 INDIVIDUALS WERE HOUSED, WITH A HOUSING RETENTION RATE OF 99 PERCENT. 1947437 2014225 RAPID REHOUSING ("RRH"):RAPID REHOUSING SERVES PEOPLE EXPERIENCING HOMELESSNESS OR AT IMMINENT RISK OF EVICTION WHO NEED JUST SHORT-TERM SUPPORT TO GET BACK ON THEIR FEET. IN ADDITION TO PROVIDING TEMPORARY RENTAL ASSISTANCE, RRH HELPS PEOPLE STABILIZE THEIR INCOME THROUGH BENEFITS OR EMPLOYMENT, CREATE SUSTAINABLE BUDGETS, FIND AND MOVE INTO HOUSING, AND CONNECT WITH WHATEVER SERVICES THEY WILL NEED FOR LONG-TERM HOUSING STABILITY. DURING THE YEAR ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017, FRIENDSHIP PLACE'S RRH HELPED 15 FAMILIES AND 187INDIVIDUALS ATTAIN STABLE HOUSING.FAMILY CONNECT: NEW IN AUGUST 2017, FAMILY CONNECT TARGETS HOMELESS AND AT-RISK FAMILIES WHO FALL THROUGH THE CRACKS IN THE REGION'S EXISTING HOUSING SERVICES, PROVIDING COMPREHENSIVE, INDIVIDUALIZED CASE MANAGEMENT WITH A FOCUS ON HOUSING AND JOB PLACEMENT, AND WITH THE GOAL OF HELPING EACH FAMILY ATTAIN STABLE, SUSTAINABLE PERMANENT HOUSING. DURING THE YEAR ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017, 8 FAMILIES (ENCOMPASSING 15 TOTAL FAMILY MEMBERS) WERE ENROLLED IN SERVICES. 517865 284035 JOB PLACEMENT:AIMHIRE: EMPOWERS HOMELESS AND AT-RISK ADULTS TO SECURE STABLE EMPLOYMENT AND HOUSING, THROUGH INDIVIDUALIZED, PERSON-CENTERED, WRAPAROUND SERVICES. THE PROGRAM ADDRESSES THE NEEDS OF PEOPLE WITH SIGNIFICANT BARRIERS TO EMPLOYMENT AND HOUSING, SUCH AS CRIMINAL RECORDS, HISTORIES OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE OR MENTAL ILLNESS, SPOTTY WORK HISTORIES, AND POOR CREDIT AND RENTAL RECORDS. DURING THE YEAR ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017, 69 PEOPLE WERE PLACED INTO JOBS, WITH A 3-MONTH RETENTION RATE OF 83 PERCENT.OTHER EMPLOYMENT SERVICES: JOB PLACEMENT SERVICES THAT ARE INTEGRATED INTO FRIENDSHIP PLACE'S OTHER PROGRAMS PLACED AN ADDITIONAL 221 PEOPLE INTO JOBS DURING THE YEAR ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017. 503042 1063547 WELCOME CENTER:STREET OUTREACH: FRIENDSHIP PLACE CONDUCTS STREET OUTREACH TO MEN AND WOMEN EXPERIENCING HOMELESSNESS IN UPPER NORTHWEST DC, WITH A SPECIAL FOCUS ON THE HARDEST-TO-SERVE - THOSE WHO HAVE BEEN ON THE STREETS FOR AN EXTENDED PERIOD OF TIME, WHO HAVE MENTAL HEALTH AND/OR SUBSTANCE ABUSE ISSUES, AND WHO ARE DISCONNECTED FROM DC'S CONTINUUM OF CARE. DURING THE YEAR ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017, 97 INDIVIDUALS WERE SERVED. DROP-IN: AT FRIENDSHIP PLACE'S WELCOME CENTER, VISITORS CAN HELP THEMSELVES TO A CUP OF COFFEE, A MEAL, AND FREE NECESSITIES SUCH AS TOILETRIES, METRO PASSES, UNDERGARMENTS, AND RAIN PONCHOS. VISITORS CAN ALSO USE THE PHONE OR A COMPUTER, TAKE A SHOWER OR DO LAUNDRY, RECEIVE MAIL, AND MEET WITH A CASE MANAGER TO TAKE STEPS TO REBUILD THEIR LIVES. DURING THE YEAR ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017, 996 INDIVIDUALS RECEIVED 7,484 TOTAL UNITS OF SERVICE, INCLUDING 227 WHO RECEIVED ASSISTANCE SUCCESSFULLY OBTAINING VITAL DOCUMENTS. FREE CLINIC: ANYONE WHO COMES THROUGH THE DOOR OF FRIENDSHIP PLACE'S WELCOME CENTER CAN GET FREE ACCESS TO A DOCTOR, NURSE OR PSYCHIATRIST. THERE ARE NO INSURANCE OR EVEN ID REQUIREMENTS, AND SAME-DAY APPOINTMENTS ARE AVAILABLE. DURING THE YEAR ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017, 612 CONSULTATIONS WERE PROVIDED.TRANSITIONAL HOUSING AND SHELTERS: IN PARTNERSHIP WITH AREA CONGREGATIONS, FRIENDSHIP PLACE OPERATES FOUR SMALL TRANSITIONAL SHELTERS WHERE RESIDENTS MAY STAY WHILE THEY WORK WITH A CASE MANAGER TOWARD THEIR OWN GOALS FOR PERMANENT HOUSING AND SELF-SUFFICIENCY. DURING THE YEAR ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017, 28 INDIVIDUALS WERE SERVED.ACCESS TO HOUSING: FRIENDSHIP PLACE STAFF CAN HELP VISITORS ACCESS HOUSING SERVICES ANYWHERE IN THE DISTRICT, NOT JUST AT FRIENDSHIP PLACE. DURING THE YEAR ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017, STAFF CONDUCTED HOUSING ASSESSMENTS FOR 802 INDIVIDUALS AND ENTERED THEM INTO DC'S COORDINATED ENTRY SYSTEM. 187946 141221 YOUTH SERVICES:BEFORE THIRTY: PROVIDES INDIVIDUALIZED, PERSON-CENTERED, AND DEVELOPMENTALLY-INFORMED SUPPORTIVE SERVICES AND COUNSELING TO HOMELESS AND AT-RISK 17-TO-29 YEAR-OLDS. DURING THE YEAR ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017, 66 YOUNG PEOPLE WERE SERVED, WITH 22 PLACED IN HOUSING AND 22 CONNECTED TO JOB OPPORTUNITIES.YOUTH CONNECT: OUTREACHES TO YOUTH BETWEEN THE AGES OF 18 AND 24 WHO ARE ECONOMICALLY OR EMOTIONALLY DETACHED FROM THEIR FAMILIES AND ARE HOMELESS, UNSTABLY HOUSED, LIVING IN DOUBLED-UP CIRCUMSTANCES, IN TRANSITIONAL HOUSING, IN SHELTER, OR ON THE STREET. DURING THE YEAR ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017, 286 YOUTH WERE SERVED. 55898 VOLUNTEER AND COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT:FRIENDSHIP PLACE ACTIVELY SOLICITS THE SUPPORT OF VOLUNTEERS. DURING THE YEAR ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017, MORE THAN 300 PEOPLE PROVIDED VOLUNTEER SERVICE IN EVERY PROGRAM AND AT EVERY LEVEL OF THE ORGANIZATION. OUR COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT PROGRAM ALSO INVOLVES COMMUNITY MEMBERS IN ADVOCACY FOR POSITIVE SOLUTIONS TO HOMELESSNESS AT THE FEDERAL AND DC LEVELS AND COORDINATES A SPEAKERS' BUREAU THAT OFFERS EDUCATIONAL PRESENTATIONS TO COMMUNITY GROUPS. 1264751 1488803 9314859 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 149 0 1 159 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 X 34 34 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 DC X THE ORGANIZATION 2023641419 3655 CALVERT STREET NW WASHINGTON DC 20007 MITCHELL FULTON CHAIR 4.00 X X 0 0 0 MONTE MONASH VICE CHAIR 4.00 X X 0 0 0 SCOTT KRAGIE TREASURER 4.00 X X 0 0 0 RODNEY HILL SECRETARY 4.00 X X 0 0 0 KATE BELINSKY DIRECTOR 4.00 X 0 0 0 ROSALIE BERK DIRECTOR 6.00 X 0 0 0 BETTY BOYLE DIRECTOR 2.00 X 0 0 0 ELLEN CLIFFORD DIRECTOR 2.00 X 0 0 0 DAVID COHEN DIRECTOR 2.00 X 0 0 0 DAVID E DESANTIS DIRECTOR 2.00 X 0 0 0 MICHAEL DURST DIRECTOR 2.00 X 0 0 0 JOEL FISCHMAN DIRECTOR 2.00 X 0 0 0 GEORGE FORBES DIRECTOR 2.00 X 0 0 0 CHUCK HERRICK DIRECTOR 2.00 X 0 0 0 JOHN FORLINES DIRECTOR 2.00 X 0 0 0 TED HIRT DIRECTOR 2.00 X 0 0 0 SHELLEY GILBERT DIRECTOR 2.00 X 0 0 0 BRUCE GRIMES DIRECTOR 2.00 X 0 0 0 AINSLEY MACLEAN DIRECTOR 2.00 X 0 0 0 ANN MICHEL DIRECTOR 2.00 X 0 0 0 ANNE MILLAR DIRECTOR 2.00 X 0 0 0 ANNE MORRISON DIRECTOR 2.00 X 0 0 0 GARRET SERN DIRECTOR 2.00 X 0 0 0 MAURA POLICELLI DIRECTOR 2.00 X 0 0 0 NICHOLE FRANCIS REYNOLDS DIRECTOR 2.00 X 0 0 0 NAN ROMAN DIRECTOR 2.00 X 0 0 0 MATT SIMEON DIRECTOR 2.00 X 0 0 0 LYNNE TAG DIRECTOR 2.00 X 0 0 0 EUGENE TILLMAN DIRECTOR 2.00 X 0 0 0 SUZANNE WALKER DIRECTOR 2.00 X 0 0 0 HAROLD SIMS DIRECTOR 2.00 X 0 0 0 SHEHNAZ SPENCER DIRECTOR 2.00 X 0 0 0 MARJORIE DICK STUART DIRECTOR 2.00 X 0 0 0 ELAINE JOOST DIRECTOR 2.00 X 0 0 0 JEAN MICHEL GIRAUD PRESIDENT/CEO 40.00 X 179414 0 15857 DAN FISHKIN VICE PRESIDENT - FINANCE AND ADMINISTRATION 40.00 X 129356 0 9053 TANYA SWEENEY DIRECTOR OF DEVELOPMENT 40.00 X 101543 0 0 410313 0 24910 3 0 1 0 0 97335 2575977 95504 2673312 FEE FOR SERVICE 624200 4738662 4738662 FEE FOR SERVICE 624200 4502382 4502382 9241044 1118 1118 CREDIT CARD REWARDS 624200 9869 9869 9869 11925343 9241044 0 10987 333680 333680 4975767 4338604 277010 360153 113939 91282 7758 14899 550354 483410 38432 28512 423770 353677 38362 31731 29500 29500 351066 164792 119081 67193 170910 87640 19189 64081 115884 100140 12354 3390 427050 345899 52053 29098 229373 218014 9252 2107 89085 35336 14384 39365 28666 20590 4103 3973 52575 48215 4360 51487 2550 48937 CLIENT ASSISTANCE 2942808 2942808 REPAIRS AND MAINTENANCE 91049 64874 20832 5343 BAD DEBT 17028 17028 10993991 9314859 1024927 654205 186831 133083 1178221 773312 789762 1173696 1005982 1542016 69833 26323 1152919 641233 496253 511686 31653 32727 3758535 4192843 501456 543901 829876 253263 81104 111785 549766 506814 0 49395 1962202 1465158 X 748189 1238427 1048144 1489258 1796333 2727685 3758535 4192843 931352 0 X X 0 1 X 0 1 1 X 2715309 1904131 1978388 2108232 2673131 11379191 2715309 1904131 1978388 2108232 2673131 11379191 417409 10961782 1382 1060 586 518 1118 4664 8017 9869 17886 11401741 26428926 0.96140 0.99950 X SCHEDULE A, PART II, LINE 10, EXPLANATION OF OTHER INCOME: CREDIT CARD REWARDS AND OTHER - 2015 AMOUNT: $ 8,017. 2016 AMOUNT: $ 9,869. RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED 10339786 10339786 666989 166747 0 0 398342 509533 563438 666989 2138302 3207453 1140 1140 99586 127383 140860 166747 534576 801864 PART I-A, LINE 1: THE VETERAN SERVICES DIRECTOR, SPENDS SOME TIME ON ADVOCACY EFFORT BY WORKING WITH VA AND DC IN ORDER TO MAKE SURE THE HOUSING FOR VETERAN SERVICES IS FUNDED AND MAKES RECOMMENDATIONS. 1 81104 61336 30655 111785 1 X 95225 95225 380902 323092 57810 509453 177881 331572 73439 57241 16198 93900 83019 10881 511686 DEFERRED RENT 24954 CAPITAL LEASES PAYABLE 24441 49395 X 11925343 0 11925343 0 11925343 10993991 0 10993991 0 10993991 PART IV, LINE 2B: THESE ARE AMOUNTS HELD AS DEPOSITS FOR THE OCCUPANTS OF THE IRVING STREET APARTMENTS WHO LEASE THE SPACE THROUGH FRIENDSHIP PLACE. PART X, LINE 2: FRIENDSHIP PLACE BELIEVES THAT IT HAS APPROPRIATE SUPPORT FOR ANY TAX POSITIONS TAKEN, AND AS SUCH, DOES NOT HAVE ANY UNCERTAIN TAX POSITIONS THAT ARE MATERIAL TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OR THAT WOULD HAVE AN EFFECT ON ITS TAX-EXEMPT STATUS. THERE ARE NO UNRECOGNIZED TAX BENEFITS OR LIABILITIES THAT NEED TO BE RECORDED. X X 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 JEAN MICHEL GIRAUD PRESIDENT/CEO 179414 0 0 0 0 0 9608 0 6249 0 195271 0 0 0 PART I, LINE 3 FRIENDSHIP PLACE HAS A COMPENSATION COMMITTEE THAT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR DETERMINING AND APPROVING THE SALARY AND OTHER COMPENSATION OF THE PRESIDENT AND VICE PRESIDENT, FINANCE AND ADMINISTRATION, UPON START OF EMPLOYMENT AND AT LEAST ANNUALLY THEREAFTER. X 8 95504 FAIR MARKET VALUE 0 0 0 PART I, COLUMN (B): NON CASH CONTRIBUTIONS ARE REPORTED AS NUMBER OF CONTRIBUTIONS. FORM 990, PART III, LINE 2 FAMILY CONNECT: NEW IN AUGUST 2017, FAMILY CONNECT TARGETS HOMELESS AND AT-RISK FAMILIES WHO FALL THROUGH THE CRACKS IN THE REGION'S EXISTING HOUSING SERVICES, PROVIDING COMPREHENSIVE, INDIVIDUALIZED CASE MANAGEMENT WITH A FOCUS ON HOUSING AND JOB PLACEMENT, AND WITH THE GOAL OF HELPING EACH FAMILY ATTAIN STABLE, SUSTAINABLE PERMANENT HOUSING. DURING THE YEAR ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017, 9 FAMILIES (ENCOMPASSING-32 TOTAL FAMILY MEMBERS) WERE ENROLLED IN SERVICES. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 11B THE 990 IS SENT TO THE FULL BOARD EACH YEAR FOR REVIEW PRIOR TO BEING SIGNED BY THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR AND FILED WITH THE IRS. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 12C THE ORGANIZATION REQUESTS ALL BOARD MEMBERS TO UPDATE THE SIGNED CONFLICT OF INTEREST POLICY AT THE ANNUAL MEETING AND ALL NEW MEMBERS ARE GIVEN ONE TO SIGN. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 15 THE ORGANIZATION'S BOARD HAS A STANDING COMPENSATION COMMITTEE THAT IS CHARGED WITH DETERMINING THE COMPENSATION OF THE PRESIDENT AND THE SENIOR FINANCIAL OFFICER EACH YEAR. THE PRESIDENT'S COMPENSATION WAS REVIEWED IN SEPTEMBER- OCTOBER 2017, WHEN THE COMPENSATION COMMITTEE REVIEWED THE PNP (PROFESSIONALS FOR NON PROFITS) GROUP STUDY, "2016-2017 NONPROFIT SALARIES, STAFFING & TRENDS SURVEY FINDINGS FOR GREATER WASHINGTON, DC AREA," FOR LEADERS OF ORGANIZATIONS WITH OPERATING BUDGETS OF $5.1 MILLION TO $10 MILLION A YEAR. THE COMMITTEE ALSO REVIEWED FORM 990'S FOR SIMILAR ORGANIZATIONS. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION C, LINE 19 THE ORGANIZATION MAKES ITS DOCUMENTS AVAILABLE FOR PUBLIC INSPECTION UPON WRITTEN REQUEST. FORM 990 PART XII LINE 2C THIS PROCESS HAS NOT CHANGED SINCE THE PRIOR YEAR.