2018-08-08T13:18:15-05:00 2017-12-31 420714325 RSM US LLP 9737 WASHINGTONIAN BLVD 400 GAITHERSBURG MD 20878 990 2017-01-01 208530747 RESULTS FOR DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE INC RESU 2024705717 1111 19TH STREET NW NO 700 WASHINGTON DC 20036 GINA LAGOMARSINO PRESIDENT/CEO 2024705717 2018-08-06 1 WILLIAM E TURCO CPA P00369217 3012963600 2017 2022-09-23 18:48:47Z R4D GINA LAGOMARSINO 1111 19TH STREET NW NO 700 WASHINGTON DC 20036 32802633 0 X WWW.R4D.ORG X 2007 DC TO ADDRESS THE TOUGH DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES FACING PEOPLE IN THE DEVELOPING WORLD. 14 13 157 16 0 0 27673545 29324861 5827995 3390728 19514 14548 115587 72496 33636641 32802633 2266618 3310260 0 0 11812460 14508090 0 0 27786 9915060 8940846 23994138 26759196 9642503 6043437 29497043 35454024 5477313 5379782 24019730 30074242 X RESULTS FOR DEVELOPMENT (R4D) IS A GLOBAL NONPROFIT ORGANIZATION WORKING WITH PARTNERS IN MORE THAN 55 COUNTRIES TO RESEARCH AND FIND NEW WAYS TO HELP PEOPLE ESCAPE POVERTY AND REACH THEIR FULL POTENTIAL. WE APPLY FRESH THINKING AND RIGOR TO EMERGING AND STUBBORN DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES-PARTICULARLY WITHIN THE FIELDS OF HEALTH, EDUCATION AND GOVERNANCE-AND WE RESEARCH, PIONEER AND ADVANCE CREATIVE, HIGH-IMPACT SOLUTIONS. WE DO THIS BY CONDUCTING RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS AND GENERATING EVIDENCE THAT HELPS TO INFORM AND INFLUENCE DECISION-MAKERS; BUILDING PLATFORMS AND NETWORKS THAT CONNECT PEOPLE AND IDEAS; BY PROVIDING DIRECT SUPPORT TO LOCAL CHANGE AGENTS; AND COMBINING THESE APPROACHES TO DELIVER MEANINGFUL AND LASTING RESULTS. 0 0 9944681 806486 866592 HEALTH:-HEALTH FINANCINGR4D'S HEALTH FINANCING EXPERTS INFORM PLANNING AND POLICYMAKING THROUGH DATA ANALYTICS AND BY STRENGTHENING THE TECHNICAL CAPACITY OF LOCAL CHANGE AGENTS IN COUNTRIES SEEKING COST-EFFICIENT AND SUSTAINABLE SYSTEMS. OUR EFFORTS INCLUDE: SUPPORTING GOVERNMENTS IN THE DESIGN AND EXECUTION OF SOCIAL AND NATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE SCHEMES; DEVELOPING PRACTICAL GUIDANCE THAT CAN FOSTER DIALOGUE ON THE ALIGNMENT OF PUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT AND HEALTH FINANCING; EXPLORING STRATEGIES THAT CAN HELP COUNTRIES IMPROVE VALUE FOR MONEY AND BETTER LEVERAGE THEIR EXISTING RESOURCES.ASIDE FROM PROVIDING TECHNICAL EXPERTISE, R4D IS BUILDING GLOBAL COMMUNITIES OF PRACTITIONERS AND POLICYMAKERS WHO ARE ENGAGED IN COLLABORATIVE LEARNING AROUND THE ACHIEVEMENT OF UNIVERSAL HEALTH COVERAGE AND SUSTAINABLE HEALTH FINANCING SOLUTIONS.O INTEGRATION, TRANSITION AND SUSTAINABILITY PLANNINGR4D SUPPORTS CHANGE AGENTS IN GOVERNMENT AND PROVIDER ORGANIZATIONS TO PREPARE FOR AND THRIVE THROUGH HEALTH FINANCING TRANSITIONS. WE BUILD LOCAL CAPACITY FOR TRANSITIONS-RELATED ANALYSIS, FOSTER DIALOGUE, AND UNDERTAKE FORMATIVE RESEARCH ON INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCES WITH MACRO-ECONOMIC AND PROGRAM-SPECIFIC TRANSITIONS. OUR EFFORTS INCLUDE: PARTNERING WITH GOVERNMENTS AND PROVIDERS TO IDENTIFY OPPORTUNITIES AND VULNERABILITIES IN THEIR HEALTH FINANCING LANDSCAPE; PROMOTING DIALOGUE WITHIN AND AMONG MINISTRIES OF HEALTH, FINANCE, AND PLANNING, NATIONAL DISEASE CONTROL PROGRAMS, AND DEVELOPMENT PARTNERS; FACILITATING COLLABORATIVE LEARNING ACROSS COUNTRIES FACING COMMON TRANSITION CHALLENGES; AND CONDUCTING FORMATIVE RESEARCH ON INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCES WITH INTEGRATION, TRANSITION, AND SUSTAINABILITY PLANNING.R4D'S PROJECTS ON INTEGRATION, TRANSITION, AND SUSTAINABILITY PLANNING INCLUDE COUNTRY-LEVEL ANALYTICAL AND PROCESS SUPPORT, MULTI-COUNTRY COLLABORATIVE LEARNING FACILITATION, AND RESEARCH TO INFORM AND INFLUENCE THE GLOBAL DISCOURSE. -LNCT: PEER LEARNING PLATFORM ON IMMUNIZATION FINANCING FOR COUNTRIES TRANSITIONING FROM GAVI SUPPORT WITH THE SUPPORT OF THE BILL & MELINDA GATES FOUNDATION AND GAVI, RESULTS FOR DEVELOPMENT (R4D) IS COORDINATING THE LAUNCH OF THE LEARNING NETWORK FOR COUNTRIES IN TRANSITION (LNCT), A PEER-LEARNING PLATFORM FOR COUNTRIES THAT ARE TRANSITIONING FROM GAVI SUPPORT. R4D WILL DRAW FROM ITS EXPERIENCE AND EXPERTISE IN COLLABORATIVE LEARNING ACTIVITIES PARTICULARLY THROUGH THE JOINT LEARNING NETWORK TO BUILD AN ACTIVE AND ENGAGED COMMUNITY OF PEER EXPERTS.THE LNCT PLATFORM WILL BRING ALL STAKEHOLDERS TO THE SAME TABLE, COLLATE TRANSITION ACTIVITIES AND DISCUSSIONS, AND SUPPORT JOINT ENGAGEMENT ACROSS COUNTRIES AND PARTNERS. FOR GAVI TRANSITIONING COUNTRIES, THIS PLATFORM OFFERS THE OPPORTUNITY TO SHARE TRANSITION PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION EXPERIENCE, WORK TOGETHER TO SOLVE COMMON PROBLEMS, AND ADD TO A GLOBAL KNOWLEDGE BASE OF TOOLS AND APPROACHES THAT CONTRIBUTE TO SUCCESSFUL TRANSITION. FOR DEVELOPMENT PARTNERS, THIS PLATFORM OFFERS THE CHANCE TO ENGAGE ACROSS COUNTRIES ON TRANSITION-RELATED ISSUES. THE LNCT PLATFORM WILL CONSIST OF BOTH IN-PERSON AND VIRTUAL ENGAGEMENTS. THE INITIAL COHORT OF PLATFORM MEMBERS WILL DRAW FROM THIRTEEN INVITED COUNTRIES, WITH POTENTIAL MEMBERSHIP EXPANSION IN 2018 AND 2019.-DIVERSIFYING FUNDING FOR HEALTHCARE FOR WOMEN AND GIRLS AS PART OF THE USAID-FUNDED SUPPORT FOR INTERNATIONAL FAMILY PLANNING AND HEALTH ORGANIZATIONS (SIFPO2) PROJECT, RESULTS FOR DEVELOPMENT (R4D) IS WORKING WITH POPULATION SERVICES INTERNATIONAL (PSI) TO LINK FRANCHISORS AND PRIVATE SECTOR HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS WITH NEW SOURCES OF FUNDING TO EXPAND FAMILY PLANNING AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH SERVICES TO THE POOREST WOMEN AND GIRLS. STARTING WITH PSI FRANCHISORS IN TANZANIA, UGANDA, AND NIGERIA, R4D ANALYZED THE KEY NEEDS OF THE FRANCHISE NETWORKS, IDENTIFIED POTENTIAL SOURCES OF HEALTH FINANCING AND CLARIFIED THEIR POLICY CONTEXT, AND PROPOSED NEW FINANCING OPTIONS.THE FRAMEWORK FOR THIS HEALTH FINANCING OPTION ANALYSIS CAN BE USED BY FRANCHISORS TO ACCESS DIVERSIFIED FUNDING SOURCES AND INCREASE THEIR FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY WITH DIRECT BENEFITS FOR: WOMEN AND GIRLS: HEALTH FINANCING OPTIONS CAN ENABLE MORE POOR WOMEN AND GIRLS TO ACCESS HIGH-IMPACT HEALTH SERVICES WITHOUT PAYING OUT OF POCKET; HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS: PROVIDERS MAY BE EMBEDDED INTO OVERARCHING PAYMENT SYSTEMS LIKE INSURANCE, STAND TO INCREASE CLIENT AND SERVICE VOLUMES, AND BENEFIT FROM INCREASED TRAINING AND QUALITY SUPPORT; THE FRANCHISOR: BETTER FINANCED SOCIAL FRANCHISE PLATFORMS CAN REDEFINE THEIR ROLE AS STRATEGIC PARTNERS FOR STRENGTHENED HEALTH CARE SERVICE DELIVERY, AND IMPROVE AGAINST SOCIAL FRANCHISING GOALS (EQUITY, QUALITY, COST EFFECTIVENESS, ADDITIONALITY, AND IMPACT); THE PUBLIC SECTOR: THE GOVERNMENT CAN REDUCE FRAGMENTATION IN THE HEALTH SYSTEM, GET BETTER VALUE FOR PUBLIC FUNDS, AND IMPROVE PERFORMANCE AGAINST POPULATION HEALTH GOALS.-SUSTAINING EFFECTIVE COVERAGE FOR HIV, TB, AND MALARIA IN KENYA AND TANZANIA: PLANNING FOR GLOBAL FUND TRANSITION IN KENYA AND TANZANIAIN 2016-17, R4D PARTNERED WITH THE GOVERNMENTS OF KENYA AND TANZANIA TO TAKE STOCK OF THEIR RESPONSES TO THE THREE DISEASES AND IDENTIFY WAYS TO ENSURE THE SUSTAINED EFFECTIVE COVERAGE OF PRIORITY INTERVENTIONS. OUR APPROACH CENTERED ON THE NEED TO ALIGN PFM AND HEALTH FINANCING, USING AN ADAPTED PROCESS GUIDE.IN EACH COUNTRY R4D CONVENED A WORKING GROUP OF FOCAL POINTS FROM KEY GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, INCLUDING THE MINISTRY OF HEALTH, NATIONAL TREASURY, NATIONAL DISEASE CONTROL PROGRAMS, AND AN INTER-GOVERNMENTAL COORDINATION BODY; LANDSCAPED EXPECTED MEDIUM-TERM FUNDING FOR THE THREE DISEASES AND TRACED FUND FLOWS THROUGH PUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT PROCESSES AT THE NATIONAL AND SUB-NATIONAL LEVELS; AND ASSESSED OPPORTUNITIES TO MOBILIZE ADDITIONAL DOMESTIC RESOURCES FOR HEALTH AND BOLSTER EFFICIENCY THROUGH A QUALITATIVE FISCAL SPACE ANALYSIS, MACROECONOMIC PROJECTION MODEL, AND KEY INFORMANT INTERVIEWS STRUCTURED AROUND AN ADAPTED PROCESS GUIDE FOR IDENTIFYING PFM-HEALTH FINANCING ISSUES AND FOSTERING DIALOGUE. WE ARE EXPLORING WAYS TO CONTINUE SUPPORTING THE COUNTRY FOCAL POINTS THROUGH ADDITIONAL ANALYSIS AND PROCESS FACILITATION.-ABOVE SERVICE DELIVERY ACTIVITIES IN GLOBAL HEALTH: ASSESSING THE CURRENT STATE OF KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE (COMPLETED 2017)TO IMPROVE UNDERSTANDING OF ASD ACTIVITIES AND COSTS, R4D HAS RECEIVED A GRANT FROM THE BILL & MELINDA GATES FOUNDATION TO INVESTIGATE WHAT THESE COSTS ARE HOW THESE COSTS MAY VARY ACROSS HEALTH SUBJECT AND OVER TIME, AND IF AND HOW THEY CONTRIBUTE TO PROGRAM INEFFICIENCIES IN HIV INTERVENTIONS AND PROGRAMS.R4D EXPLORED ABOVE SERVICE DELIVERY ACTIVITIES FROM MAY 2015 TO MAY 2016 IN ORDER TO CAPTURE AND CRITICALLY ASSESS THE CURRENT STATE OF KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE REGARDING THE ABOVE-FACILITY COSTS OF MAJOR GLOBAL HEALTH INITIATIVES. R4D CONDUCTED DESK RESEARCH AND EXPERT INTERVIEWS TO INFORM A REPORT ON ASD COSTS AND ACTIVITIES, IDENTIFYING OPPORTUNITIES FOR ADDITIONAL INVESTMENTS TO SUPPORT RESEARCH AND PROGRAMMING FOR ASD EFFICIENCY GAINS, AND HIGHLIGHTING GAPS IN KNOWLEDGE AND EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS OF ASD. THE RESEARCH AND REPORT FOCUSED ON INITIATIVES IN HIV, MALARIA, TUBERCULOSIS, FAMILY PLANNING, AND IMMUNIZATION.R4D PRESENTED THE PRELIMINARY FINDINGS OF THIS STUDY AT A STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION MEETING IN APRIL. STAKEHOLDER FEEDBACK FROM THIS MEETING AND FROM KEY PARTNERS INFORMED THE PUBLICATION OF A FINAL REPORT ON ABOVE SERVICE DELIVERY ACTIVITIES AND TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY. THIS REPORT PROVIDES A ROBUST LANDSCAPE ANALYSIS OF THE ASD SPACE, PROVIDING RESEARCHERS, POLICYMAKERS, AND GLOBAL HEALTH PROGRAM MANAGERS WITH A USEFUL RESOURCE SUMMARIZING THE CURRENT STATE OF KNOWLEDGE AND AVENUES FOR FUTURE INQUIRY AND DEVELOPMENT.-INTEGRATING HIV FINANCING AND SERVICES INTO SOUTH AFRICA'S EMERGING NATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE SYSTEM (COMPLETED 2016)R4D SUPPORTS THE GOVERNMENT OF SOUTH AFRICA TO DESIGN AND IMPLEMENT AN NHI SYSTEM THAT WILL SUSTAIN AND EXPAND THE COUNTRY'S FORMIDABLE HIV RESPONSE. BUILDING ON ITS GROUNDBREAKING WORK ON HIV FINANCING INTEGRATION, R4D COLLABORATED WITH THE NATIONAL TREASURY AND THE NATIONAL DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH TO EVALUATE MULTIPLE SCENARIOS FOR FINANCING INTEGRATION. WE DEVELOPED THE SCENARIOS IN CLOSE CONSULTATION WITH SENIOR GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS AND OTHER STAKEHOLDERS. WE THEN EVALUATED THEM USING A NOVEL FRAMEWORK FOCUSED ON HEALTH SYSTEM IMPACT AND LEGAL, POLITICAL, AND TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY.R4D IS ALSO PARTNERING WITH THE NATIONAL DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND USAID'S FINANCING CAPACITY BUILDING AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT PROJECT (FIN-CAP) TO CONDUCT CONSOLIDATED EXPENDITURE TRACKING AND MAPPING FOR SOUTH AFRICA'S HIV AND TB PROGRAMS, ANALYZING SPENDING BY THE GOVERNMENT, PEFPAR, AND THE GLOBAL FUND. 8711053 2414213 1771308 INTEGRATED STRATEGIES:PHC INTEGRATION INVESTMENT CASE: EXPLORING THE COSTS AND BENEFITS OF INVESTING IN PRIMARY HEALTH CARE TO ADVANCE VERTICAL OUTCOMESR4D IS PARTNERING WITH POPULATION SERVICES INTERNATIONAL (PSI) TO DEVELOP A GENERALIZED ANALYTIC APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY FOR IDENTIFYING APPROPRIATE INVESTMENTS TO INTEGRATE COMPONENTS OF VERTICAL PROGRAMS INTO PHC SYSTEMS AND ANALYZING THEIR EFFECTS ON OUTCOMES OF CONCERN TO VERTICAL PROGRAM CONSTITUENCIES. WE WILL THEN APPLY THE APPROACH TO FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMS TO DETERMINE WHAT CASE CAN BE MADE TO GOVERNMENTS AND FAMILY PLANNING FUNDERS THAT THEIR OBJECTIVES WILL BEST BE MET THROUGH INVESTMENT IN STRONG PHC SYSTEMS. A SECOND PHASE MIGHT INCLUDE APPLICATION TO ADDITIONAL PROGRAM AREAS AND DEEPER INVESTIGATION IN SELECTED COUNTRIES.O PNEUMONIAR4D IS WORKING WITH CHANGE AGENTS AT THE GLOBAL AND COUNTRY LEVELS TO URGENTLY ADDRESS CHILDHOOD MORTALITY FROM PNEUMONIA BY:-DESIGNING AND IMPLEMENTING PROGRAMS TO AVERT HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS OF CHILD DEATHS FROM PNEUMONIA IN HIGH-BURDEN COUNTRIES VIA THE DELIVERY OF ROUGHLY 7.5 MILLION TREATMENTS IN ETHIOPIA AND TANZANIA, WHILE SHAPING LOCAL MARKETS AND SYSTEMS TO ENSURE SUSTAINABLE ACCESS TO ESSENTIAL PNEUMONIA TREATMENTS AND SERVICES IN THE FUTURE.-LEADING RIGOROUS MARKET ANALYSES TO IDENTIFY MARKET BARRIERS AND TARGETED AREAS FOR SUPPORT IN ADDITIONAL HIGH-BURDEN COUNTRIES IN AFRICA AND ASIA.-INCREASING MARKET TRANSPARENCY AND WORKING WITH MANUFACTURERS TO FACILITATE COUNTRY-LEVEL DRUG REGISTRATION PROCESSES FOR HIGH-QUALITY GLOBAL AND LOCAL SUPPLIERS.-CONDUCTING FORMATIVE RESEARCH TO ASSESS CURRENT LEVELS OF OVER- AND UNDER-DIAGNOSES OF PNEUMONIA, AS WELL AS DESIGNING AND PILOTING POTENTIAL COST-EFFECTIVE INTERVENTIONS TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF CARE FOR PNEUMONIA.-EXPLORING ADDITIONAL COST-EFFECTIVE AREAS FOR IMPACT SUCH AS PULSE OXIMETRY DIAGNOSTICS AND OXYGEN THERAPY FOR DIAGNOSING AND TREATING CHILDREN WITH SEVERE PNEUMONIA.THIS WORK IS RESULTING IN MILLIONS OF CHILDREN RECEIVING INCREASED ACCESS TO HIGH-QUALITY PNEUMONIA TREATMENT AND SERVICES.O WATER, SANITATION, HYGIENER4D'S INNOVATION-CENTRIC FOCUS IN WASH STEMS FROM THE REALITY THAT THE WASH SECTOR HAS HISTORICALLY SEEN LOWER INVESTMENTS IN PARADIGM-SHIFTING EXPERIMENTAL INNOVATIONS TECHNOLOGICAL, POLICY AND REGULATORY, OR BEHAVIORAL AND SOCIAL BREAKTHROUGHS THAN OTHER SECTORS IN DEVELOPMENT.WE RECOGNIZE THAT LOCAL CHANGE AGENTS ARE BEST SUITED TO ADDRESS THE WASH-RELATED CHALLENGES IN THE PLACES THEY WORK, BUT ALSO KNOW THAT THEY OFTEN LACK THE CONNECTIONS TO THE RIGHT KINDS OF SUPPORT TO BOOST AND SCALE THEIR HOMEGROWN SOLUTIONS. WE FOCUS ON MOBILIZING OPPORTUNITIES FOR FUNDING, LEARNING AND VISIBILITY TO HELP BRING INNOVATIVE WASH PROGRAMS TO SCALE.O EDUCATION FINANCINGR4D PROMOTES SUSTAINABLE EDUCATION FINANCING USING A MULTI-PRONGED APPROACH: INFORMING POLICYMAKING THROUGH DATA ANALYTICS, STRENGTHENING THE TECHNICAL CAPACITY OF COUNTRY CHANGE AGENTS AND BUILDING LEARNING COMMUNITIES OF PRACTICE FOR JOINT PROBLEM SOLVING.R4D HAS MADE PROGRESS TOWARD IMPROVING AND INCREASING EDUCATION FINANCING IN KEY AREAS, INCLUDING:RESULTS-BASED AND INNOVATIVE FINANCINGR4D CONDUCTED A SCOPING STUDY ON THE ROLE AND APPLICATION OF OUTPUT-BASED AID IN EDUCATION. THIS INCLUDED A REVIEW OF RESULTS-BASED FINANCING SCHEMES IN EDUCATION MORE BROADLY, ANALYSIS OF EXISTING OUTPUT-BASED AID PROJECTS IN EDUCATION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR APPLYING OUTPUT-BASED AID IN EDUCATION MOVING FORWARD.IN ADDITION, WORKING WITH THE GLOBAL PARTNERSHIP FOR EDUCATION, WE ASSESSED THE FEASIBILITY OF LOAN BUY-DOWNS TO SUPPORT MEASURABLE REFORMS IN EDUCATION, WHILE ALSO INCREASING RESOURCES FOR EDUCATION. OUR REPORT ANALYZES THE LOAN BUY-DOWN MODEL AS IT HAS BEEN APPLIED TO DIFFERENT SECTORS. IT ALSO CONSIDERS KEY DESIGN ASPECTS TO APPLYING IT TO THE EDUCATION SECTOR, INCLUDING SELECTING SUITABLE COUNTRIES WITH LARGE UNMET NEEDS IN EDUCATION, THE TYPE OF TRIGGERS TO LINK BUY-DOWNS TO RESULTS AND FURTHER OPERATIONAL ISSUES.BOOK PROVISION AND USAGEIN ORDER TO RAISE AWARENESS AND ADVOCATE FOR ADDITIONAL SPENDING ON BOOKS TO SUPPORT LITERACY EFFORTS, R4D QUANTIFIED THE COST OF PROVIDING AN APPROPRIATE NUMBER OF GRADE-LEVEL READING MATERIALS TO ALL PRE-PRIMARY AND PRIMARY STUDENTS IN LOW- AND MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES FOR THE GLOBAL BOOK ALLIANCE. OUR ANALYSIS IS HELPING THE GLOBAL BOOK ALLIANCE TO MOBILIZE RESOURCES AND MAXIMIZE ITS IMPACT.EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENTIN ORDER TO DEVELOP AN ACCURATE UNDERSTANDING OF THE CURRENT STATE OF INTERNATIONAL AND DOMESTIC FINANCING FOR EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT, WE PREPARED A BACKGROUND PAPER FOR THE EDUCATION COMMISSION. THE STUDY ANALYZES THE ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL, NATIONAL AND PRIVATE ACTORS IN FINANCING EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT; THE PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL BARRIERS TO PROMOTING ACCESS, QUALITY, EFFICIENCY AND EFFECTIVENESS IN DELIVERING EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT; AND POTENTIAL SOLUTIONS TO INCREASE AND IMPROVE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FINANCING, WHILE ADDRESSING ISSUES OF EQUITY.O FOOD SYSTEMS & MARKET SHAPINGAT RESULTS FOR DEVELOPMENT, WE BELIEVE A RADICAL TRANSFORMATION OF DIETS AND FOOD SYSTEMS IS NEEDED TO ENSURE THAT PEOPLE ARE ABLE (AND MOTIVATED) TO PURCHASE AND CONSUME HEALTHY, NUTRITIOUS FOODS. TO ACHIEVE THIS, WE ARE WORKING WITH A BROAD RANGE OF ACTORS INCLUDING GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS, GLOBAL DONORS, THE PRIVATE SECTOR AND CIVIL SOCIETY TO SHAPE THE DEBATE, BUILD NEW INSTITUTIONS AND INITIATIVES AND SUPPORT THE CHANGE AGENTS BEST ABLE TO CARRY THE TRANSFORMATION OF DIETS AND FOOD SYSTEMS FORWARD. BY LEVERAGING OUR CROSS-CUTTING EXPERTISE IN PRIVATE-SECTOR ENGAGEMENT, MARKET SHAPING AND NETWORK CONVENING, IN COMBINATION WITH SECTOR-SPECIFIC KNOWLEDGE OF AGRICULTURE, NUTRITION AND HEALTH, WE PROVIDE OUR PARTNERS WITH THE TOOLS, TECHNICAL SUPPORT AND CONNECTIONS THEY NEED TO SUCCEED.O NUTRITION INNOVATIONSRESULTS FOR DEVELOPMENT BRINGS SIGNIFICANT EXPERIENCE PROMOTING THE IDENTIFICATION, ADAPTATION AND INTEGRATION OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS TO ADDRESS SYSTEMIC CHALLENGES IN HEALTH, AGRICULTURE AND WASH TO THE NUTRITION SECTOR. -WE CONDUCTED A LANDSCAPE ANALYSIS OF THE POTENTIAL FOR DIET INNOVATIONS IN THE INDO-PACIFIC REGION TO ADVISE INNOVATION XCHANGE (IXC) AT AUSTRALIA'S DEPARTMENT OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS AND TRADE (DFAT) ON THEIR NEXT ROUND OF INVESTMENTS IN NUTRITION AND HEALTHY DIETS-WE COLLABORATED WITH GRAND CHALLENGES CANADA TO DEVELOP METHODS TO MODEL THE POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF INNOVATIONS THEY FUND. DECISION-MAKERS MAY USE THIS APPROACH IN DECIDING WHETHER OR NOT TO INNOVATIONS, TRACKING PROGRESS, SHARING RESULTS WITH WIDER AUDIENCES AND IDENTIFYING KEY DRIVERS OF AN INNOVATION'S IMPACTS.-WE PARTNERED WITH DFAT AND USAID TO FINE-TUNE BOTH THE DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE LAUNCH FOOD ACCELERATOR PROGRAM, A PROGRAM THAT AIMS TO SOURCE AND SUPPORT HIGH-IMPACT, INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS THAT ENABLE PEOPLE TO MAKE HEALTHY FOOD CHOICES.-WE WORKED WITH THE LOCAL DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH INSTITUTE (LDRI) TO DEVELOP AN AGRICULTURAL INPUT DASHBOARD THAT WILL SUPPORT DECISION-MAKING TO IMPROVE MARKET EFFICIENCIES AMONG STAKEHOLDERS IN AFRICA.O STRATEGIC SUPPORT FOR NUTRITION CHANGE AGENTSRESULTS FOR DEVELOPMENT PROVIDES STRATEGIC SUPPORT TO KEY CHANGE AGENTS DRIVING GLOBAL, REGIONAL AND NATIONAL EFFORTS TO TACKLE MALNUTRITION AND IMPROVE NUTRITION OUTCOMES. A FEW EXAMPLES OF OUR WORK INCLUDE:-DEVELOPING MULTISECTORAL NUTRITION STRATEGIES, SUCH AS OUR WORK WITH THE AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK TO DEVELOP A NUTRITION ACTION PLAN-APPLYING R4D'S EXPERTISE IN ADAPTIVE LEARNING TO THE FIELD OF NUTRITION IN ORDER RAPIDLY TEST AND ADAPT PROGRAMS TO OPTIMIZE OUTCOMES-ASSESSING AND ADVISING ON INNOVATION STRATEGIES, SUCH AS OUR WORK WITH THE INNOVATIONXCHANGE (IXC) TO CONDUCT A LANDSCAPE ANALYSIS OF MALNUTRITION INTERVENTIONS IN ORDER TO IDENTIFY POTENTIAL OPPORTUNITIES FOR MAXIMUM IMPACT-DESIGNING NEW FINANCING MECHANISMS TO SUPPORT NUTRITION PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION, SUCH AS OUR WORK WITH THE CHILDREN'S INVESTMENT FUND FOUNDATION, U.K. DEPARTMENT FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT (DFID), UBS OPTIMUS FOUNDATION TO DESIGN A CATALYTIC FINANCING FACILITY THAT WAS A PRECURSOR TO THE POWER OF NUTRITION. R4D HAS SINCE PARTNERED WITH THE POWER OF NUTRITION TO SUPPORT THE REFRESH OF THEIR STRATEGYO FOSTERING INNOVATION WITH AUSTRALIAN DFAT'S INNOVATIONXCHANGEINNOVATION IS A CRUCIAL PART OF DEVELOPMENT, ENSURING THAT WE ARE WORKING BETTER, FASTER AND MORE COST EFFECTIVELY TO BUILD STRONGER HEALTH, NUTRITION AND EDUCATION SYSTEMS. LAUNCHED IN 2015 BY AUSTRALIAN DFAT, THE INNOVATIONXCHANGE (IXC) AIMS TO LEAD A CHANGE OF CULTURE AT DFAT, BUILDING CAPABILITY AND CULTURE SO ALL DFAT STAFF ARE EMPOWERED TO USE INNOVATIVE APPROACHES TO MAXIMIZE THE OUTCOMES OF THEIR WORK. 2026435 69561 201749 NUTRITION:R4D WORKS WITH GLOBAL AND COUNTRY CHANGE AGENTS IN FIVE MAIN AREAS OF NUTRITION FINANCING, NUTRITION INNOVATIONS, DATA FOR DECISION MAKING IN NUTRITION, FOOD SYSTEMS AND MARKET SHAPING, SUPPORT TO KEY CHANGE AGENTS DRIVING GLOBAL, REGIONAL OR NATIONAL EFFORTS TO TACKLE MALNUTRITION.KEY EXAMPLES OF OUR WORK INCLUDE:-MAKING THE CASE FOR GREATER INVESTMENTS IN NUTRITION BY DEVELOPING, IN PARTNERSHIP WITH THE WORLD BANK AND 1,000 DAYS, THE NUTRITION, WHICH OUTLINED COSTS AND FINANCING SCENARIOS THAT DONORS AND GOVERNMENTS CAN FOLLOW TO ACHIEVE THE WORLD HEALTH ASSEMBLY GLOBAL NUTRITION TARGETS OVER THE NEXT 10 YEARS.-WORKING WITH THE AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK TO DEVELOP A MULTISECTORAL PLAN OF ACTION FOR NUTRITION TO OPERATIONALIZE AFDB PRESIDENT ADESINA'S AMBITIOUS VISION FOR IMPROVING AFRICA'S "GREY MATTER INFRASTRUCTURE."-PROVIDING DIRECT SUPPORT IN THE FORM OF COSTING, BUDGETING AND OTHER FINANCING, CAPACITY BUILDING AND STRATEGIC SUPPORT IN COUNTRIES THAT HAVE PARTICULARLY HIGH MALNUTRITION RATES, SUCH AS INDIA AND ETHIOPIA.-WORKING TOGETHER WITH THE INNOVATION XCHANGE TEAM AT AUSTRALIA'S DEPARTMENT OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS AND TRADE TO MAXIMIZE THE IMPACTS OF THEIR INVESTMENTS IN NUTRITION AND DIETS INNOVATIONS INCLUDING SUPPORTING THE LAUNCH FOOD NETWORK AS IT SEEKS TO IDENTIFY BEST PRACTICES TO SUPPORT AND SCALE INNOVATIVE IDEAS TO ENABLE PEOPLE TO MAKE HEALTHY FOOD CHOICES.O DATA FOR NUTRITIONRESULTS FOR DEVELOPMENT WORKS WITH A BROAD RANGE OF ACTORS TO ANSWER KEY DATA QUESTIONS AND TO SUPPORT CHANGE AGENTS WORKING TO ADDRESS MALNUTRITION. WE PUT USERS AT THE HEART OF ALL OUR EFFORTS OUR APPROACH IS DEMAND-DRIVEN AND AIMS TO SOLVE REAL CHALLENGES CHANGE AGENTS ARE FACING. WE CAREFULLY DESIGN USER-CENTERED DATA MONITORING TOOLS AND APPROACHES FOR GLOBAL AND NATIONAL CHANGE AGENTS. ACCOMPANYING THESE PRODUCTS, WE ALSO STRENGTHEN PROCESSES AND CAPACITY IN ORDER TO SUPPORT INCREASED UPTAKE OF DATA. FINALLY, WE ADVOCATE FOR IMPROVED DATA IN NUTRITION AND FOOD SYSTEMS.OVER THE LAST TWO YEARS, OUR TEAM HAS SUPPORTED A VARIETY OF FOOD-SYSTEMS DATA EFFORTS. IN 2016, WE DEVELOPED A SERIES OF DASHBOARDS TO SUPPORT THE BILL AND MELINDA GATES FOUNDATION AS IT TRACKED THE PROGRESSION OF AGRICULTURAL TRANSFORMATION ACROSS PRIORITY COUNTRIES. BUILDING ON THIS WORK, WE PARTNERED WITH DEVELOPMENT GATEWAY AND WALLACE & ASSOCIATES TO CONDUCT A SCOPING EXERCISE TO DETERMINE IF AN AGRICULTURAL INPUT DASHBOARD COULD SUPPORT DECISION-MAKING TO IMPROVE MARKET EFFICIENCIES AMONG STAKEHOLDERS IN AFRICA. OUR TEAM IS ALSO CURRENTLY PARTNERING WITH THE LOCAL DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH INSTITUTE (LDRI) ON A PROJECT TO CATALYZE DATA-DRIVEN SOLUTIONS FOR SMALLHOLDER FARMER FERTILIZER UPTAKE. THROUGH THIS PROJECT, WE ARE PILOTING A NEW APPROACH TO INCENTIVIZING THE COLLECTION AND USAGE OF KEY FERTILIZER DATA TO ACCELERATE THE DELIVERY OF FERTILIZER TO SMALLHOLDER RURAL FARMERS.MOST RECENTLY, R4D HAS PARTNERED WITH THE INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMS AT JOHNS HOPKINS BLOOMBERG SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH (IIP-JHU) AND THE INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE (IFPRI) ON THE BILL AND MELINDA GATES FOUNDATION-FUNDED DATA FOR DECISIONS IN NUTRITION (DATADENT) PROJECT.O NUTRITION FINANCINGAT THE GLOBAL LEVEL, R4D DEVELOPED THE FIRST-EVER FINANCING SCENARIOS WHICH INCLUDED FAIR-SHARE ANALYSIS TO ACHIEVE THE GLOBAL NUTRITION TARGETS. NOW, R4D IS CONDUCTING ANALYSIS TO BETTER TRACK GLOBAL FUNDING FLOWS FROM DONORS TO THE IMPLEMENTATION OF HIGH-IMPACT INTERVENTIONS IN HIGH-BURDEN COUNTRIES. INFORMATION ON HOW MUCH IS SPENT BY DONOR, COUNTRY AND INTERVENTION WILL BE USED TO IMPROVE COORDINATION, RESOURCE MOBILIZATION AND RESOURCE ALLOCATION. WE ALSO SUPPORTED THE FOUNDERS OF THE POWER OF NUTRITION IN DESIGNING THIS INNOVATIVE RESOURCE MOBILIZATION MECHANISM FOR NUTRITION.ADDITIONALLY, R4D SUPPORTS IMPROVED NUTRITION FINANCE IN SOME OF THE HIGHEST-BURDEN COUNTRIES IN THE WORLD. OUR ONGOING PROGRAM OF WORK IN ETHIOPIA SUPPORTS THE FEDERAL MINISTRY OF HEALTH IN DEVELOPING CAPACITY TO TRACK BUDGET ALLOCATIONS AND EXPENDITURES FROM ALL-SOURCES, INCLUDING ON- AND OFF-BUDGET CONTRIBUTIONS ACROSS SECTORS THAT ARE NOT TYPICALLY CONSOLIDATED, AND TO USE THIS INFORMATION FOR IMPROVED PLANNING, ACCOUNTABILITY AND STAKEHOLDER COORDINATION. WE HAVE ALSO SUPPORTED LOCAL CHANGE AGENTS IN THE INDIAN STATE OF RAJASTHAN AND IN NIGERIA WITH IMPROVED PROGRAM COSTING AND FINANCIAL ANALYSIS TO INFORM POLICY AND PLANNING DISCUSSIONS.O CATALYZING DATA-DRIVEN SOLUTIONS FOR SMALLHOLDER FARMER FERTILIZER UPTAKER4D AND THE LOCAL DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH INSTITUTE ARE PILOTING A NEW APPROACH TO INCENTIVIZE THE COLLECTION AND USAGE OF KEY FERTILIZER DATA TO ACCELERATE THE DELIVERY OF FERTILIZER TO SMALLHOLDER RURAL FARMERS. THE FERTILIZER MARKET IN MOST COUNTRIES, PARTICULARLY IN LOW-INCOME CONTEXTS, IS WORRISOMELY DATA POOR.IN PARTNERSHIP WITH THE LOCAL DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH INSTITUTE, R4D HAS DEVELOPED A DATA-DRIVEN INNOVATION TO PROVIDE FARMERS AND VENDORS WITH FERTILIZER INFORMATION THEY NEED. THE MAZAO PLUS+ SMS SERVICE AND APPLICATION ENABLES THE COLLECTION AND USAGE OF KEY FERTILIZER MARKET DATA TO ACCELERATE IMPROVEMENT OF MARKET EFFICIENCIES SUCH AS LINKING FERTILIZER VENDORS TO FARMERS FOR TIMELY DELIVERY OF FERTILIZER IN FAVOR OF SMALLHOLDER FARMERS. AGRO-DEALERS, ALSO KNOWN AS FERTILIZER VENDORS, PROVIDE AGRICULTURE INPUTS TO FARMERS AND SUPPLY DATA TO MAZAO+ BY ENTERING INFORMATION ON THE PROVISION OF FERTILIZER TYPE AND PRICE. SMALLHOLDER FARMERS RECEIVE INFORMATION ON THE LOCATION OF THE THREE NEAREST FERTILIZER VENDORS AS WELL AS THE PRICE AND TYPE OF FERTILIZER THEY STOCK. THROUGH THIS SERVICE, FARMERS AND VENDORS ARE PROVIDED THE INFORMATION THEY NEED TO HELP INCREASE ACCESS TO FERTILIZER. WE ARE CURRENTLY TESTING OUR PILOT APPROACH IN MURANG'A COUNTY, KENYA, WORKING WITH LOCAL GOVERNMENT PARTNERS AS WELL AS LOCAL FERTILIZER VENDORS TO REFINE THE MODEL AND DEMONSTRATE PROOF OF CONCEPT. IF SUCCESSFUL, WE BELIEVE THIS DATA-DRIVEN APPROACH TO LEVERAGING FERTILIZER SUPPLY AND CONSUMPTION DATA TOWARDS A BETTER FUNCTIONING LOCAL FERTILIZER MARKET CAN BE SCALED TO A NUMBER OF OTHER LOW-INCOME GEOGRAPHIES IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA AS WELL AS SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA. 981711 20000 551079 EDUCATION:AT RESULTS FOR DEVELOPMENT, WE FOCUS ON ENSURING THAT CHANGE AGENTS HAVE THE RESOURCES, INSIGHTS AND CONNECTIONS THEY NEED TO IMPROVE LEARNING AND ENSURE THAT ALL CHILDREN HAVE THE OPPORTUNITY TO THRIVE AND SUCCEED. WORKING SIDE BY SIDE WITH PROGRAMMATIC AND FUNDING PARTNERS WHO SHARE OUR VALUES AND PRINCIPLES, WE AIM TO STRENGTHEN EDUCATION SYSTEMS SO THAT THEY SERVE ALL CHILDREN AT ALL STAGES FROM EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT TO PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOL LEARNING, TO ENSURING THAT ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS HAVE THE SKILLS THEY NEED TO FIND WORK AND SUCCEED IN LIFE.A KEY ELEMENT OF OUR APPROACH IS TO FOSTER PRACTITIONER COMMUNITIES WHERE EDUCATION INNOVATORS, POLICYMAKERS AND OTHERS CAN LEARN FROM ONE ANOTHER AND COLLABORATE ON SOLUTIONS. MANY OF THESE COMMUNITIES WERE MODELED AFTER THE HIGHLY SUCCESSFUL JOINT LEARNING NETWORK FOR UNIVERSAL HEALTH COVERAGE (JLN), WHICH WAS CO-FOUNDED BY R4D.-R4D DESIGNED AND CURRENTLY MANAGES THE CENTER FOR EDUCATION INNOVATIONS (CEI), A NETWORK OF MORE THAN 750 HIGHLY ENGAGED EDUCATION INNOVATORS. THE NETWORK IS THE LARGEST OF ITS KIND AND AN IMPORTANT MEDIUM FOR IDENTIFYING PROMISING APPROACHES AND UP-AND-COMING PROGRAMS, WHILE ALSO SERVING AS AN IMPORTANT CHANNEL FOR PUSHING CUTTING-EDGE RESEARCH, PRACTICAL TOOLS AND EMERGING BEST PRACTICES, SUCH AS THE EARLY LEARNING TOOLKIT, DIRECTLY TO PRACTITIONERS.-R4D AND THE INTERNATIONAL STEP BY STEP ASSOCIATION LEAD THE EARLY CHILDHOOD WORKFORCE INITIATIVE (ECWI) A GLOBAL EFFORT TO SUPPORT AND EMPOWER THOSE WHO WORK WITH FAMILIES AND YOUNG CHILDREN UNDER AGE 8. THROUGH RIGOROUS ANALYSIS AND COLLABORATIVE LEARNING ACTIVITIES, ECWI EQUIPS COUNTRY DECISION-MAKERS WITH THE CAPACITY AND RESOURCES TO SUPPORT THE DEVELOPMENT OF A QUALITY EARLY CHILDHOOD WORKFORCE AT SCALE.-R4D IS SPEARHEADING THE DEVELOPMENT OF A COLLABORATIVE LEARNING NETWORK FOR EDUCATION SYSTEMS CHANGE THAT WILL CONNECT GLOBAL EDUCATION LEADERS AND PROVIDE PRACTICAL KNOWLEDGE, TOOLS AND PEER SUPPORT TO IMPROVE EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES.WE'RE ALSO APPLYING OUR ADAPTIVE LEARNING APPROACH TO HELP EDUCATION PROGRAMS UNLOCK SOLUTIONS TO CHALLENGES THAT MAKE IT DIFFICULT FOR THEM TO GROW AND IMPROVE. WE WORK WITH PROGRAMS TO UNDERSTAND CHALLENGES, DESIGN, EXPERIMENT WITH AND REFINE SOLUTIONS AND THEN RAPIDLY EVALUATE THE IMPACT OF THOSE SOLUTIONS TO INFORM PROGRAM DECISION-MAKING IN REAL-TIME:-IN INDIA, R4D IS WORKING WITH MOBILE READING TO CHILDREN (MR2C) TO PROMOTE LITERACY BY ENCOURAGING PARENTS AND CAREGIVERS TO READ TO AND WITH YOUNG CHILDREN.- IN SIERRA LEONE, R4D IS PARTNERING WITH THE RISING ACADEMIES NETWORK A SMALL CHAIN OF LOW-FEE PRIVATE SCHOOLS TO CONDUCT FORMATIVE RESEARCH AND RAPID EXPERIMENTS TO BEST MEET THE NEEDS OF STRUGGLING READERS.IN ADDITION TO THE CORE ACTIVITIES HIGHLIGHTED ABOVE, WE ARE ADVANCING THE CONVERSATION ABOUT HOW TO SUSTAINABLY FINANCE EDUCATION, INCLUDING THROUGH THE USE OF INNOVATIVE APPROACHES, AND PIONEERING ANALYSES ON THE ECONOMIC LOSSES THAT RESULT FROM CHILDREN BEING OUT OF SCHOOL.O EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENTUNDERSCORING THE NEED FOR SYSTEMS-LEVEL CHANGE, OUR APPROACH INVOLVES GENERATING EVIDENCE TO INFLUENCE POLICY DECISIONS, ENGAGING STAKEHOLDERS IN COLLABORATIVE LEARNING AND SUPPORTING LOCAL CHANGE AGENTS WITH EVIDENCE, ADVICE AND CONNECTIONS. WE USE THESE PRINCIPLES ACROSS THREE KEY PILLARS:-EARLY CHILDHOOD WORKFORCE: R4D SUPPORTS THE EARLY CHILDHOOD WORKFORCE BY LEADING THE EARLY CHILDHOOD WORKFORCE INITIATIVE(ECWI) IN PARTNERSHIP WITH THE INTERNATIONAL STEP BY STEP ASSOCIATION (ISSA). THIS GLOBAL, MULTISECTORAL INITIATIVE AIMS TO EQUIP COUNTRY DECISION-MAKERS WITH THE RESOURCES THEY NEED TO SUPPORT A QUALITY EARLY CHILDHOOD WORKFORCE. UNDER ECWI, R4D LEADS THE DEVELOPMENT OF RIGOROUS ANALYTICAL WORK, WHICH INCLUDES A SERIES OF LANDSCAPE ANALYSES THAT SYNTHESIZE GLOBAL EVIDENCE AND EXPERIENCES AMONG MEMBERS OF THE EARLY CHILDHOOD WORKFORCE ACROSS SEVERAL THEMES.-EARLY CHILDHOOD FINANCING: R4D'S WORK IN EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT FINANCING CONSISTS OF GENERATING EVIDENCE ON HOW MUCH FUNDING IS NEEDED AND EXPLORING POSSIBLE SOURCES IN ORDER TO INCREASE AND MAKE MORE EFFICIENT THE INVESTMENTS BY COUNTRIES AND INTERNATIONAL ACTORS. FOR EXAMPLE, WE PREPARED A BACKGROUND PAPER FOR THE EDUCATION COMMISSION, WHICH ANALYZED THE STATE OF CURRENT FINANCING FOR ECD, IDENTIFIED THE PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL BARRIERS TO PROMOTING ACCESS, QUALITY AND EQUITY IN DELIVERING ECD PROGRAMS, AND OFFERED POTENTIAL SOLUTIONS TO INCREASE AND IMPROVE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FINANCING.-EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS: R4D SUPPORTS EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT FUNDERS, POLICYMAKERS AND PROGRAM MANAGERS BY IDENTIFYING WHAT WORKS AND HOW TO SCALE IT, AND ENCOURAGING PEER-TO-PEER, NETWORKED LEARNING:O IDENTIFYING AND CONNECTING INNOVATIVE MODELS VIA THE CENTER FOR EDUCATION INNOVATIONS (CEI).O EQUIPPING PROGRAMS WITH RELEVANT RESEARCH, SUCH AS THE JOURNEYS TO SCALE REPORT, AND PRACTICAL TOOLS AND EXAMPLES OF PROMISING APPROACHES THROUGH THE EARLY LEARNING TOOLKIT.O COLLABORATING CLOSELY WITH PROGRAMS TO IMPROVE THE DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THEIR MODELS, AND CONTINUALLY ADAPT THEM TO IMPROVE THEIR EFFECTIVENESS. R4D HAS IMPLEMENTED A SERIES OF EVALUATION AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES FOR READ TO KIDS (R2K) IN INDIA, AND IS CURRENTLY CONDUCTING AN IMPACT EVALUATION OF A COMMUNITY-BASED PARENTING PROGRAM IN SERBIA.O OUT-OF-SCHOOL CHILDRENR4D CONTRIBUTES TO THE GLOBAL PUSH FOR UNIVERSAL BASIC EDUCATION BY APPLYING ECONOMIC ANALYSIS TO THE OUT-OF-SCHOOL CHALLENGE. TO DATE, WE HAVE DONE THIS PRINCIPALLY BY ESTIMATING THE ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND HEALTH LOSSES ASSOCIATED WITH OUT-OF-SCHOOL CHILDREN IN DIFFERENT SETTINGS AND PROJECTING THE COST OF REACHING ENROLLMENT TARGETS. OUR ANALYSES UNDERSCORE THE URGENCY OF MOBILIZING RESOURCES TO ACHIEVE UNIVERSAL ENROLLMENT WORLDWIDE. FOR EXAMPLE, IN EXCLUSION FROM EDUCATION, WE USED TWO STATISTICAL METHODS TO ESTIMATE THE ECONOMIC LOSS ASSOCIATED WITH OUT-OF-SCHOOL CHILDREN IN 20 COUNTRIES AND FOUND THAT IN COUNTRIES WITH THE HIGHEST BURDEN OF OUT-OF-SCHOOL CHILDREN, THE LOSS IS EQUIVALENT TO OVER A YEAR OF AVERAGE GDP GROWTH.IN FINANCING NEEDS FOR OUT-OF-SCHOOL CHILDREN (R4D'S CHAPTER IN UNESCO/UNICEF'S GLOBAL REPORT ON OUT-OF-SCHOOL CHILDREN), WE PRESENT A MODEL THAT PROVIDES POLICYMAKERS WITH A PICTURE OF THE COST IMPLICATIONS OF ADDRESSING OUT-OF-SCHOOL CHILDREN. MOST RECENTLY, IN THE ECONOMIC COST OF OUT-OF-SCHOOL CHILDREN IN SOUTHEAST ASIA, WE ESTIMATE THE ECONOMIC COST ASSOCIATED WITH OUT-OF-SCHOOL CHILDREN IN SEVEN SOUTHEAST ASIAN COUNTRIES.THROUGH OUR CENTER FOR EDUCATION INNOVATIONS (CEI), WE ALSO SPOTLIGHT OVER 100 PROGRAMS THAT ARE STRENGTHENING SCHOOL SYSTEMS TO ADDRESS OUT-OF-SCHOOL CHILDREN, INCLUDING THE MOST MARGINALIZED AND HARDEST TO REACH. FOR EXAMPLE, THE JOINT CEI-UNICEF REPORT JOURNEYS TO SCALE OFFERS A CASE STUDY ON CAN'T WAIT TO LEARN, A PROGRAM THAT ADDRESSES THE LACK OF ACCESS TO QUALITY EDUCATION FOR SUDANESE OUT-OF-SCHOOL SEVEN- TO NINE-YEAR-OLDS THROUGH THE PROVISION OF OPEN-SOURCE MATH LEARNING BASED ON MINISTRY OF EDUCATION CURRICULA.O SKILLS & EMPLOYABILITYR4D WORKS CLOSELY WITH CHANGE AGENTS GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS, CIVIL SOCIETY LEADERS AND SOCIAL INNOVATORS TO ADVANCE QUALITY, RELEVANT EDUCATION AND SKILLS DEVELOPMENT FOR CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE. TO DO THIS, WE LEVERAGE OUR EXPERTISE IN GENERATING EVIDENCE THROUGH RIGOROUS, DEMAND-DRIVEN RESEARCH, COLLABORATIVE LEARNING AND STRATEGIC, TARGETED KNOWLEDGE DISSEMINATION. R4D IS MAKING PROGRESS TOWARD STRENGTHENING THE SCHOOL-TO-WORK TRANSITION BY IDENTIFYING THE SKILLS REQUIRED FOR WORK IN THE 21ST CENTURY ECONOMIES OF AFRICA, ASIA AND LATIN AMERICA, ANALYZING THE SKILLS MISMATCH, AND STUDYING INNOVATIVE MODELS AND APPROACHES OF DELIVERING RELEVANT SKILLS TO YOUTH; SERVING AS AN IMPLEMENTING PARTNER IN USAID'S YOUTHPOWER INITIATIVE TO IMPROVE KNOWLEDGE, SKILLS, PRACTICES AND PARTNERSHIPS AROUND INTERNATIONAL CROSS-SECTORAL POSITIVE YOUTH DEVELOPMENT. OUR WORK INCLUDES A GLOBAL META-REVIEW THAT EXPANDS UPON THE EXISTING EVIDENCE BASE REGARDING POSITIVE YOUTH DEVELOPMENT AND DEVELOPING A COMMUNITY OF PRACTICE ON CROSS-SECTORAL SKILLS TO IDENTIFY AND SHARE PROMISING PRACTICES; ANALYZING INITIATIVES AND PROGRAMS TO REDUCE DROPOUTS AT THE SECONDARY LEVEL IN COUNTRIES IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN, AND PROVIDING ACTION-ORIENTED RECOMMENDATIONS TO POLICYMAKERS; SUPPORTING INNOVATIVE COMMUNITIES AND COLLABORATIVE LEARNING AROUND SKILLS DEVELOPMENT THROUGH THE CENTER FOR EDUCATION INNOVATIONS (CEI). 981711 20000 551079 21663880 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 61 0 1 157 1 0 1 BE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 X 14 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 DC X QUOC NGUYEN CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER 2024705717 1111 19TH STREET NW NO 700 WASHINGTON DC 20036 DAVID DE FERRANTI CHAIR/SENIOR FELLOW 40.00 X X 290630 0 19956 MARK HINKLEY VICE CHAIR 3.00 X X 0 0 0 OZGUR KARAOSMANOGLU TREASURER 3.00 X X 0 0 0 JANO CABRERA SECRETARY 3.00 X X 0 0 0 OLIVIER LAFOURCADE DIRECTOR 3.00 X 0 0 0 ROBERTO DANINO DIRECTOR 3.00 X 0 0 0 JULIO FRENK DIRECTOR 3.00 X 0 0 0 DOUG HATTAWAY DIRECTOR 3.00 X 0 0 0 FOLA LAOYE DIRECTOR 3.00 X 0 0 0 DZINGAI MUTUMBUKA DIRECTOR 3.00 X 0 0 0 NGOZI OKONJO-IWEALA DIRECTOR 3.00 X 0 0 0 JORGE QUIROGA DIRECTOR 3.00 X 0 0 0 JOZEF RITZEN DIRECTOR 3.00 X 0 0 0 HENRY SCHIRMER DIRECTOR 3.00 X 0 0 0 KY AMOAKO DIRECTOR UNTIL 08/2017 3.00 X 0 0 0 CARLA A HILLS DIRECTOR UNTIL 08/2017 3.00 X 0 0 0 SANGITA REDDY DIRECTOR UNTIL 01/2017 3.00 X 0 0 0 GINA LAGOMARSINO PRESIDENT & CEO 40.00 X 356325 0 22913 QUOC NGUYEN CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER 40.00 X 186809 0 32817 HEATHER LUCA CHIEF COMMUNICATIONS OFFICER 40.00 X 171499 0 38788 WILLIAM MAKINEN EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT 40.00 X 313699 0 58093 NATHANIEL HELLER EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT 40.00 X 309626 0 61168 AMY BLACK EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT UNTIL 03/2018 40.00 X 251028 0 13343 AUGUSTIN FLORY MANAGING DIRECTOR UNTIL 02/2017 40.00 X 205146 0 1350 CHERYL CASHIN SENIOR PROGRAM DIRECTOR 40.00 X 201393 0 43621 CHRIS ATIM SENIOR PROGRAM DIRECTOR 40.00 X 175214 0 21809 COURTNEY TOLMIE SENIOR PROGRAM DIRECTOR 40.00 X 154843 0 23902 GRACE CHEE SENIOR PROGRAM DIRECTOR 40.00 X 178355 0 9497 AMANDA FOLSOM SENIOR PROGRAM DIRECTOR 40.00 X 170743 0 37247 RYAN NOLL CHIEF PEOPLE OFFICER 40.00 X 158572 0 32677 NICHOLAS BURNETT EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT UNTIL 04/2017 40.00 X 100838 0 6952 CAMMIE LEE PROGRAM DIRECTOR 40.00 X 125040 0 10418 CASEY SANTIAGO PROGRAM DIRECTOR 40.00 X 162989 0 13461 NATHAN BLANCHET PROGRAM DIRECTOR 40.00 X 146263 0 48077 3659012 0 496089 39 0 1 0 EKOHE LIMITED 720 604 KALOK BLDG 720 NATHAN RO KOWLOON HK WEB MAINTENANCE & HOSTING SERVICES 225534 FELICIA N KHAN 27 KINGMAN ROAD NEWTON MA 02461 CONSULTANT FOR GACIDIA 136500 HELEN SAXENIAN 6405 BROAD STREET BETHESDA MD 208 BETHESDA MD 20816 CONSULTANT FOR GATES IMMUNIZATION TOOLKI 125736 MCMASTER UNIVERSITRY 1280 MAIN STREET WEST HAMILTON ONTARIO LS K CA RUN THE HSE PORTAL AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT 121124 THE BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL PO BOX 3887 BOSTON MA 022413829 PRIMARY HEALTH CARE PERFORMANCE INITIATI 110313 6 7821774 21503087 29324861 CONTRACTS 900099 3390728 3390728 3390728 63871 0 63871 63871 63871 14548 0 14548 14548 14548 OTHER INCOME 900099 8625 8625 8625 32802633 3390728 0 87044 X 1157355 1157355 2152905 2152905 3552781 3056305 496476 8715857 8064985 650872 583703 67 583636 802578 473521 329057 853171 853171 91863 61762 30101 68250 68250 3797101 3342304 454797 90922 38733 48646 3543 234757 87351 147406 1103675 538320 565355 2146657 2078856 67573 228 423223 392403 30157 663 285547 2000 283547 66520 66520 EQUIPMENT & SOFTWARE 229881 77404 152477 PAYROLL PROCESSING FEES 215228 127888 87340 MEMBERSHIP & DUES 49991 49991 RECRUITMENT 28493 3762 23401 1330 108738 7959 78757 22022 26759196 21663880 5067530 27786 99686 156921 15379201 8079142 10520475 24153253 1104148 907306 309178 344534 2907087 1094219 2084355 1812868 29497043 35454024 1396742 1471944 156786 542935 759940 237311 3163845 3127592 5477313 5379782 X 792150 -1972259 23227580 32046501 24019730 30074242 29497043 35454024 X 6043437 11075 X 0 1 X 1 1 1 X 7750499 12713431 19316015 27673545 29324861 96778351 7750499 12713431 19316015 27673545 29324861 96778351 47750567 49027784 28670 17585 16953 137462 63871 264541 4536 645 30014 3587 8625 47407 97090299 25763434 0.50500 0.50680 X SCHEDULE A, PART II, LINE 10, EXPLANATION OF OTHER INCOME: OTHER INCOME - 2013 AMOUNT: $ 4,536. 2014 AMOUNT: $ 645. 2015 AMOUNT: $ 30,014. 2016 AMOUNT: $ 3,587. 2017 AMOUNT: $ 8,625. RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED 1686090 394779 1291311 298417 257859 40558 922580 441581 480999 1812868 DEFERRED RENT 1461725 DEFERRED UPLIFTING ALLOWANCE 1665867 3127592 X 32802633 0 32802633 0 32802633 26748121 -11075 -11075 26759196 0 26759196 PART X, LINE 2: R4D IS GENERALLY EXEMPT FROM FEDERAL INCOME TAXES UNDER THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION 501(C)(3) OF THE INTERNAL REVENUE CODE. IN ADDITION, R4D QUALIFIES FOR CHARITABLE CONTRIBUTION DEDUCTIONS AND HAS BEEN CLASSIFIED AS AN ORGANIZATION THAT IS NOT A PRIVATE FOUNDATION. INCOME THAT IS NOT RELATED TO EXEMPT PURPOSES, LESS APPLICABLE DEDUCTIONS, IS SUBJECT TO FEDERAL AND STATE CORPORATE INCOME TAXES. R4D DID NOT HAVE ANY NET UNRELATED BUSINESS INCOME FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017 AND 2016. R4D FOLLOWS THE ACCOUNTING STANDARD ON ACCOUNTING FOR UNCERTAINTY IN INCOME TAXES, WHICH ADDRESSES THE DETERMINATION OF WHETHER TAX BENEFITS CLAIMED OR EXPECTED TO BE CLAIMED ON A TAX RETURN SHOULD BE RECORDED IN THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS. UNDER THIS GUIDANCE, R4D MAY RECOGNIZE THE TAX BENEFIT FROM AN UNCERTAIN TAX POSITION ONLY IF IT IS MORE LIKELY THAN NOT THAT THE TAX POSITION WILL BE SUSTAINED ON EXAMINATION BY TAXING AUTHORITIES BASED ON THE TECHNICAL MERITS OF THE POSITION. THE TAX BENEFITS RECOGNIZED IN THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FROM SUCH A POSITION ARE MEASURED BASED ON THE LARGEST BENEFIT THAT HAS A GREATER THAN 50% LIKELIHOOD OF BEING REALIZED UPON ULTIMATE SETTLEMENT. THE GUIDANCE ON ACCOUNTING FOR UNCERTAINTY IN INCOME TAXES ALSO ADDRESSES DE-RECOGNITION, CLASSIFICATION, INTEREST AND PENALTIES ON INCOME TAXES AND ACCOUNTING IN INTERIM PERIODS. R4D HAD NO SUCH POSITIONS RECORDED IN THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AT DECEMBER 31, 2017 AND 2016. GENERALLY, R4D IS NO LONGER SUBJECT TO U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX EXAMINATIONS BY TAX AUTHORITIES FOR YEARS BEFORE 2014. PART XII, LINE 2D - OTHER ADJUSTMENTS: RETURN OF UNSPENT GRANT FUNDS -11,075. 1 SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 2 6 PROGRAM SERVICES SUPPORT OF SCALING UP ACCESS TO AMOXICILLIN DT 45294 EUROPE (INCLUDING ICELAND & GREENLAND) 0 0 GRANTS TO RECIPIENTS LOCATED IN REGION 985085 RUSSIA AND NEIGHBORING STATES 0 0 GRANTS TO RECIPIENTS LOCATED IN REGION 69561 SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 0 0 GRANTS TO RECIPIENTS LOCATED IN REGION 1098259 2 6 0 0 2 6 2198199 0 2198199 EUROPE (INCLUDING ICELAND & GREENLAND) MEASURING UNDER AND OVER DIAGNOSIS OF CHILDHOOD PNEUMONIA IN TANZANIA 799045 WIRE EUROPE (INCLUDING ICELAND & GREENLAND) CHMI LEARNING EXCHANGE 8000 WIRE EUROPE (INCLUDING ICELAND & GREENLAND) EARLY CHILDHOOD WORKFORCE INITIATIVE 20000 WIRE EUROPE (INCLUDING ICELAND & GREENLAND) SCALING UP ACCESS TO AMOXICILLIN DT 158040 WIRE RUSSIA AND NEIGHBORING STATES LEARNING NETWORK FOR COUNTRIES IN TRANSITION 69561 WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA CHMI LEARNING EXCHANGE 8000 WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA CHMI LEARNING EXCHANGE 8000 WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF PER-PAYMENT STRATEGIC PURCHASING SCHEME FOR PHC 378000 WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA CHMI LEARNING EXCHANGE 8000 WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA SCALING UP ACCESS TO AMOXICILLIN DT 585 WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA CHMI LEARNING EXCHANGE 8000 WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA SCALING UP ACCESS TO AMOXICILLIN DT 182777 WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA MEASURING UNDER AND OVER DIAGNOSIS OF CHILDHOOD PNEUMONIA IN TANZANIA 17541 WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA MEASURING UNDER AND OVER DIAGNOSIS OF CHILDHOOD PNEUMONIA IN TANZANIA 52400 WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA SCALING UP ACCESS TO AMOXICILLIN DT 271335 WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA CHMI LEARNING EXCHANGE 8000 WIRE SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA NIGERIA HEALTH FINANCING PROJECT SUB-NATIONAL LEARNING NETWORK 154843 WIRE 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 PART I, LINE 2: R4D MONITORS A MONTHLY VERIFICATION OF BANK STATEMENTS, MONTHLY AUDIT OF RECEIPTS AND EXPENSE CLASSIFICATION BY SENIOR FINANCE STAFF, AND ORGANIZATION PROGRAM STAFF IS ON THE GROUND IN COUNTRY. IN COUNTRY CHECKS AND BALANCES ACCORDING TO GAAP AS WELL AS HEADQUARTERS CHECKS AND BALANCES BASED OFF PROPER INTERNAL CONTROLS AND GAAP ENSURE DATA INTEGRITY AND PROPER EXPENSE REPORTING. 1 ABT ASSOCIATES PO BOX 84-5586 BOSTON MA 022845586 042347643 402688 RAPID FEEDBACK MONITORING, EVALUATION, RESEARCH AND LEARNING DUKE UNIVERSITY GLOBAL HEALTH INNOVATION CENTER PO BOX 104132 DURHAM NC 27708 560532129 501(C)(3) 170136 ADVANCE UNIVERSAL HEALTH COVERAGE IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA FEED THE CHILDREN INC PO BOX 36 OKLAHOMA CITY OK 73101 736108657 501(C)(3) 39697 AFRICAN COLLABORATIVE FOR HEALTH FINANCIANG SOLUTIONS ID INSIGHT INC 576 SACRAMENTO ST 1ST FLOOR SAN FRANCISCO CA 94111 274933181 501(C)(3) 209325 SCALING UP ACCESS TO CHILDHOOD PNEUMONIA TREATMENT IN TANZANIA MATHEMATICA POLICY RESEARCH PO BOX 2393 PRINCETON NJ 085432393 222112296 156856 RAPID FEEDBACK MONITORING, EVALUATION, RESEARCH AND LEARNING PATH 2201 WESTLAKE AVENUE SUITE 200 SEATTLE WA 98121 911157127 501(C)(3) 60000 JLN PPM-IT COLLABORATIVE TOOLKIT POPULATION SERVICES INTERNATIONAL (PSI) 1120 19TH STREET NW SUITE 600 WASHINGTON DC 20036 560942853 501(C)(3) 50000 COSTS AND BENEFITS OF INVESTING IN PHC TO ADVANCE "VERTICAL" OUTCOME THE IHANGANE PROJECT 206 SANTA CLARA AVENUE APTOS CA 95003 262490827 501(C)(3) 8000 CHMI LEARNING EXCHANGE UNIVERSITY OF NOTRE DAME - RSPA 836A GRAVE HALL NOTRE DAME IN 46556 350868188 501(C)(3) 60653 RAPID FEEDBACK MONITORING, EVALUATION, RESEARCH AND LEARNING 7 2 PART I, LINE 2: R4D MAINTAINS A ROBUST PROCUREMENT PROCESS AND EDUCATION OF PROGRAM STAFF TO MONITOR THE USE OF GRANT FUNDS. THE PROGRAM TEAM ALONGSIDE WITH THEIR PARTNERS REVIEWS ALL FINANCIAL REPORTS FOR ACCURACY, APPROPRIATE DOCUMENTATION, ADHERENCE TO APPROVED BUDGET, ADHERENCE TO SIGNED AGREEMENT, AND USAID COMPLIANCE. MONTHLY AND QUARTERLY EXPENDITURE REPORTS ARE REVIEWED AND DISCUSSED BETWEEN R4D FINANCE AND PROGRAM STAFF AND COMPARED TO THE ALLOWABLE EXPENDITURES OF THE GRANTEE. X X X X X 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 DAVID DE FERRANTI CHAIR/SENIOR FELLOW 286252 0 0 0 4378 0 19614 0 1248 0 311492 0 0 0 GINA LAGOMARSINO PRESIDENT & CEO 315000 0 41100 0 225 0 22913 0 1567 0 380805 0 0 0 QUOC NGUYEN CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER 179227 0 7400 0 182 0 2908 0 31237 0 220954 0 0 0 HEATHER LUCA CHIEF COMMUNICATIONS OFFICER 164805 0 6591 0 103 0 11177 0 29189 0 211865 0 0 0 WILLIAM MAKINEN EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT 284856 0 26100 0 2743 0 19807 0 39622 0 373128 0 0 0 NATHANIEL HELLER EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT 283310 0 26100 0 216 0 21040 0 41695 0 372361 0 0 0 AMY BLACK EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT UNTIL 03/20 250812 0 0 0 216 0 0 0 14910 0 265938 0 0 0 AUGUSTIN FLORY MANAGING DIRECTOR UNTIL 02/2017 197533 0 7350 0 263 0 0 0 3850 0 208996 0 0 0 CHERYL CASHIN SENIOR PROGRAM DIRECTOR 193195 0 7893 0 305 0 12974 0 32108 0 246475 0 0 0 CHRIS ATIM SENIOR PROGRAM DIRECTOR 167725 0 6779 0 710 0 8472 0 14619 0 198305 0 0 0 COURTNEY TOLMIE SENIOR PROGRAM DIRECTOR 148902 0 5856 0 85 0 10532 0 14660 0 180035 0 0 0 GRACE CHEE SENIOR PROGRAM DIRECTOR 170317 0 7725 0 313 0 9467 0 1365 0 189187 0 0 0 AMANDA FOLSOM SENIOR PROGRAM DIRECTOR 163941 0 6696 0 106 0 11634 0 26868 0 209245 0 0 0 RYAN NOLL CHIEF PEOPLE OFFICER 152491 0 6000 0 81 0 9927 0 23918 0 192417 0 0 0 CASEY SANTIAGO PROGRAM DIRECTOR 156536 0 6365 0 88 0 10861 0 3859 0 177709 0 0 0 NATHAN BLANCHET PROGRAM DIRECTOR 140355 0 5822 0 86 0 9450 0 39842 0 195555 0 0 0 PART I, LINE 7 DURING THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017, THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS AWARDED BONUSES TO VARIOUS EMPLOYEES BASED ON REVIEW OF THEIR PERFORMANCES. FORM 990, PART III, LINE 4A PREVIOUSLY, R4D ADVISED THE GOVERNMENT OF SOUTH AFRICA ON RESOURCE ALLOCATIONS FOR HIV AND TB FOR FINANCIAL YEARS 2017/18 TO 2019/20 AND SUPPORTED THE GOVERNMENT'S PRIMARY HEALTH CARE COSTING TASK TEAM, INCLUDING FACILITATING REGULAR MEETINGS, PROVIDING METHODOLOGICAL AND ANALYTICAL GUIDANCE, AND COMPILING A SYNTHESIS OF PARTICIPANTS' STUDIES ON PUBLIC- AND PRIVATE-SECTOR COSTS. R4D'S WORK ON HIV FINANCING INTEGRATION IN SOUTH AFRICA WAS SUPPORTED BY UNAIDS IN 2015-16 AND HAS CONTINUED UNDER THE USAID-FUNDED HEALTH FINANCE AND GOVERNANCE PROJECT (HFG), IN COLLABORATION WITH ABT ASSOCIATES. CONVERSATIONS ON SUSTAINABLE FINANCING FOR DEVELOPMENT (COMPLETED 2016) IN 2015, R4D AND THE JOHNS HOPKINS BLOOMBERG SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH CO-HOSTED AN EVENT SERIES EXPLORING THE PROCESS OF COUNTRIES TRANSITIONING AWAY FROM EXTERNAL ASSISTANCE FOR HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT. THE SERIES INCLUDED THE FOLLOWING SEMINARS: 1. THE GAVI EXPERIENCE WITH COUNTRY GRADUATION: OVERCOMING CHALLENGES TO SUSTAINABLE 2. TRANSITIONING COUNTRIES AWAY FROM FAMILY PLANNING ASSISTANCE: USAID'S EXPERIENCE IN LATIN AMERICA 3. TRANSITIONING FROM DONOR SUPPORT TO GOVERNMENT: THE AVAHAN EXPERIENCE IN INDIA 4. POLIO ERADICATION: STATUS, TRANSITION AND LEGACY 5. FROM EMERGENCY RESPONSE TO POST-RECOVERY: LESSONS & REFLECTIONS FROM EBOLA IN 2016, WE TEAMED UP AGAIN WITH THE JOHNS HOPKINS BLOOMBERG SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH TO CONVENED REPRESENTATIVES OF GOVERNMENTS AND MAJOR GLOBAL HEALTH FUNDERS FOR A WORKSHOP ON STRATEGIC ISSUES IN GLOBAL HEALTH PROGRAM TRANSITIONS. O HEALTH SYSTEMS STRENGTHENING R4D FOCUSES ON THE KEY ELEMENTS OF STRONG HEALTH SYSTEMS, FROM SUSTAINABLE FINANCING TO SCALING INNOVATIONS, TO USING DATA FOR DECISION-MAKING, AND WORKS WITH CHANGE AGENTS TO SUPPORT THE DEVELOPMENT OF CONTEXT-SPECIFIC, EVIDENCE-BASED SOLUTIONS. -WE CO-DEVELOP AND IMPLEMENT SOLUTIONS THAT ADDRESS A RANGE OF DISEASE AREAS, INCLUDING HIV, MALARIA AND PNEUMONIA, AS WELL AS THE OVERALL ORGANIZATION AND FINANCING OF HEALTH INSTITUTIONS TO ATTAIN LONG-TERM, SYSTEMS-LEVEL IMPACT. -WE FACILITATE THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOLUTIONS BY CONVENING STAKEHOLDERS FROM WITHIN HEALTH SYSTEMS. TOGETHER, THEY ADAPT AND APPLY TOOLS TO DIAGNOSE AND FIND CONTEXT-APPROPRIATE REMEDIES TO SYSTEM DEFICIENCIES. FOR EXAMPLE, R4D HAS WORKED WITH DISTRICT-LEVEL HEALTH MANAGERS IN GUINEA TO HELP THEM IDENTIFY AND ADDRESS HEALTH SYSTEM CHALLENGES. -WE PROVIDE MANAGEMENT, COORDINATION AND TECHNICAL INPUT FOR A VARIETY OF GLOBAL AND REGIONAL LEARNING AND PRACTITIONER COMMUNITIES IN SUPPORT OF HEALTH SYSTEMS STRENGTHENING, INCLUDING THE JOINT LEARNING NETWORK FOR UNIVERSAL HEALTH COVERAGE AND THE AFRICAN COLLABORATIVE FOR HEALTH FINANCING SOLUTIONS. -WE SUPPORT GLOBAL INSTITUTIONS AND COUNTRIES TO DEVELOP NEW WAYS OF MEASURING THE PERFORMANCE OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS. -WE FOCUS ON STRENGTHENING HEALTH SYSTEMS BY ADVISING ON POLICYMAKING, STRUCTURING ACCOUNTABILITY MECHANISMS, SYSTEMATIC PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION AND PLANNING FROM GRASSROOTS TO NATIONAL LEVELS, CAPACITY BUILDING, FACILITATION OF PEER-TO-PEER LEARNING AND ANALYSIS AND RESEARCH. O PRIMARY HEALTH CARE R4D'S WORK IN PRIMARY HEALTH CARE SYSTEM STRENGTHENING HELPS TO ADDRESS THESE CHALLENGES BY SUPPORTING LOCAL CHANGE AGENTS TO ADVANCE PRIMARY HEALTH CARE IMPROVEMENTS IN LINE WITH THEIR GOALS. -THROUGH COUNTRY-LED NETWORKS LIKE THE JOINT LEARNING NETWORK FOR UNIVERSAL HEALTH COVERAGE AND ITS PRIMARY HEALTH CARE INITIATIVE, WE BRIDGE THE GAP BETWEEN THEORY AND PRACTICE BY BRINGING TOGETHER NATIONAL AND SUB-NATIONAL CHANGE AGENTS TO FACILITATE JOINT LEARNING AND SUPPORT THE DEVELOPMENT OF CONTEXT-SPECIFIC, EVIDENCE-BASED SOLUTIONS TO IMPROVE PRIMARY HEALTH CARE FINANCING, QUALITY, ACCESS AND PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT. -THROUGH GLOBAL EFFORTS LIKE THE PRIMARY HEALTH CARE PERFORMANCE INITIATIVE, WE BRING TOGETHER COUNTRY POLICYMAKERS, HEALTH-SYSTEM MANAGERS, PRACTITIONERS, ADVOCATES AND OTHER DEVELOPMENT PARTNERS TO CATALYZE IMPROVEMENTS IN PRIMARY HEALTH CARE IN LOW- AND MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES THROUGH BETTER MEASUREMENT AND KNOWLEDGE-SHARING. -AT THE COUNTRY LEVEL, WE SUPPORT LOCAL CHANGE AGENTS TO ANALYZE GAPS IN CAPACITY TO PROVIDE AND FINANCE COMPREHENSIVE PRIMARY HEALTH CARE AND DEVELOP SOLUTIONS TO FILL THESE GAPS. FOR EXAMPLE, THROUGH SUPPORT TO GHANA'S NATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE AUTHORITY, R4D IS HELPING GHANA TO COMPLETE: A PROVIDER-MAPPING EXERCISE TO MEASURE PROVIDER CAPACITY TO DELIVER SERVICES; A COSTING EXERCISE OF GHANA'S COMMUNITY HEALTH-BASED PLANNING AND SERVICES TO ENABLE IMPLEMENTERS TO PLAN FOR COSTS OF SCALING UP SERVICES AND POTENTIAL FINANCIAL RESOURCES TO COVER THESE COSTS; AND A PROVIDER NETWORK PILOT TO HELP PROVIDERS DELIVER A COMPREHENSIVE PACKAGE OF CARE. IN RWANDA, R4D HAS PROVIDED SUPPORT TO THE GOVERNMENT TO BETTER UTILIZE EXISTING DATA ON SERVICE DELIVERY AND MANAGEMENT TO INFORM DECISIONS ON HOW PRIMARY HEALTH CARE SERVICES SHOULD BE DELIVERED. O UNIVERSAL HEALTH COVERAGE R4D IS WORKING WITH CHANGE AGENTS IN OVER 30 COUNTRIES TO SUPPORT POLICYMAKERS AND PRACTITIONERS AS THEY DESIGN EFFICIENT, EQUITABLE AND SUSTAINABLE HEALTHCARE SYSTEMS. OUR APPROACH FOCUSES ON BUILDING IN-COUNTRY CAPACITY TO USE EVIDENCE AND EFFECTIVELY IMPLEMENT HEALTH REFORMS ON CRITICAL TOPICS SUCH AS SUSTAINABLE FINANCING, STRENGTHENING PRIMARY CARE SYSTEMS, IMPROVING QUALITY OF HEALTH SERVICES AND EXPANDING POPULATION COVERAGE. -SINCE 2008, R4D HAS HELPED GALVANIZE ENERGY AND POLITICAL WILL AROUND A GLOBAL PUSH FOR UNIVERSAL HEALTH COVERAGE. WE COORDINATED AN EARLY GLOBAL TASK FORCE FOR UNIVERSAL HEALTH COVERAGE THAT WAS CONVENED BY THE ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION AND CO-AUTHORED A FREQUENTLY-CITED 2012 LANCET ARTICLE THAT LOOKED AT EFFORTS TO ADVANCE UNIVERSAL HEALTH COVERAGE IN NINE COUNTRIES IN AFRICA AND ASIA. -IN 2010, WE HELPED LAUNCH THE JOINT LEARNING NETWORK A THRIVING, MEMBER-DRIVEN COMMUNITY OF GLOBAL HEALTH POLICYMAKERS AND PRACTITIONERS WHO ARE WORKING TOGETHER TO COLLECTIVELY ADDRESS BARRIERS TO ACHIEVING UNIVERSAL HEALTH COVERAGE. TODAY, R4D SERVES AS THE NETWORK COORDINATOR AND PROVIDES TECHNICAL FACILITATION TO TWO TECHNICAL INITIATIVES, THE PRIMARY HEALTH CARE INITIATIVE AND THE PROVIDER PAYMENT INITIATIVE. -IN 2017, R4D LAUNCHED THE AFRICAN COLLABORATIVE FOR HEALTH FINANCING SOLUTIONS A PEER-LEARNING COMMUNITY THAT IS WORKING WITH COUNTRY AND REGIONAL STAKEHOLDERS TO HELP THEM ADDRESS UNIVERSAL HEALTH COVERAGE FINANCING CHALLENGES. O HIV R4D WORKS CLOSELY WITH GLOBAL AND COUNTRY CHANGE AGENTS TO MOBILIZE RESOURCES FOR THE HIV RESPONSE, MAXIMIZE EFFICIENCY IN HIV SPENDING, AND RELIABLY MONITOR HIV EXPENDITURE AGAINST HEALTH RESULTS. R4D ALSO WORKS WITH COUNTRY PARTNERS TO PLAN AND MANAGE THE TRANSITION OF EXTERNALLY FUNDED HIV SERVICES. TRANSITION FROM AID IS PARTICULARLY IMPORTANT BECAUSE, IN MANY COUNTRIES, HIV PROGRAMS ARE AMONG THE MOST "VERTICALIZED" (FINANCED AND RUN SEPARATELY FROM OTHER HEALTH SERVICES) AND DONOR-DEPENDENT HEALTH SECTOR ACTIVITIES. R4D'S EXPERTS WORK WITH COUNTRIES AND DEVELOPMENT PARTNERS TO: RIGOROUSLY TRACK AND ANALYZE HIV EXPENDITURE; EXAMINE THE FEASIBILITY OF INTEGRATING COMPONENTS OF VERTICALIZED HIV PROGRAMS INTO BROADER HEALTH FINANCING SYSTEMS, INCLUDING NATIONAL OR SOCIAL HEALTH INSURANCE SCHEMES; PLAN FOR DONOR TRANSITIONS; ASSESS HIV COSTS THAT FALL OUTSIDE OF SERVICE DELIVERY; INFORM GLOBAL STAKEHOLDER DIALOGUE ON CULTIVATING AND MAINTAINING HEALTHY MARKETS FOR KEY HIV COMMODITIES, INCLUDING ADULT AND PEDIATRIC ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPIES; IDENTIFY OPPORTUNITIES TO IMPROVE THE EFFICIENCY OF HIV SPENDING, INCLUDING THROUGH OPTIMIZING GLOBAL PROCUREMENT PRACTICES FOR HIV COMMODITIES; EXPAND THE GLOBAL KNOWLEDGE BASE ON HIV-RELATED HEALTH FINANCING, ECONOMICS AND POLICY. O IMMUNIZATION R4D HAS CARRIED OUT A SERIES OF GLOBAL POLICY ANALYSES FOR GAVI AND WHO THAT HAVE HELPED TO SHAPE THE POLICY ARENA ON COUNTRY CO-FINANCING FOR IMMUNIZATION (2010), ELIGIBILITY, TRANSITION AND CO-FINANCING (2014-15) AND IMMUNIZATION FINANCING FOR MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES (2014-16). THE IMMUNIZATION FINANCING RESOURCE GUIDE (2017) WAS DEVELOPED TO PROVIDE PROGRAM MANAGERS, ADVOCATES AND POLICYMAKERS WITH PRACTICAL ADVICE WHEN SEEKING TO MOBILIZE RESOURCES AND USE THEM EFFICIENTLY FOR IMMUNIZATION PROGRAMS, AND TO EQUIP THESE LOCAL CHANGE AGENTS AS THEY EVALUATE THE PROS AND CONS OF POTENTIAL FINANCING SOURCES. TO PROMOTE PEER LEARNING AROUND GAVI TRANSITION AND IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM SUSTAINABILITY, R4D SERVES AS THE PLATFORM COORDINATOR OF A PEER-LEARNING PLATFORM FOR GAVI TRANSITIONING COUNTRIES (2017). THE PLATFORM WORKS TO ENABLE COUNTRY PRACTITIONERS TO COME TOGETHER AND ADD TO A GLOBAL KNOWLEDGE BASE OF TOOLS AND APPROACHES THAT CONTRIBUTE TO SUCCESSFUL TRANSITION. FORM 990, PART III, LINE 4A O MALARIA R4D SUPPORTS GLOBAL AND LOCAL CHANGE AGENTS-GLOBAL DONORS, GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS, CIVIL SOCIETY LEADERS AND SOCIAL INNOVATORS-AS THEY WORK TOWARD THE ERADICATION OF MALARIA BY COMPLETING COSTING ANALYSES AND DEVELOPING FINANCING SCENARIOS; EXAMINING AND ADDRESSING MARKET DRIVERS AND BARRIERS IN ORDER TO INCREASE ACCESS TO VITAL COMMODITIES; WORKING WITH ALL MARKET STAKEHOLDERS TO IDENTIFY OPPORTUNITIES FOR GREATER EFFICIENCIES AND VALUE FOR THE MONEY SPENT ON MALARIA INTERVENTIONS. O MATERNAL & CHILD HEALTH R4D'S MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH WORK SEEKS TO IMPROVE SUB-NATIONAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS AND CAPACITY, INCORPORATE FINANCIAL PLANNING AND ANALYSIS INTO SUSTAINABILITY PLANNING, AND MONITOR AND IMPROVE THE DESIGN OF HIGH-IMPACT MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH INTERVENTIONS TO BETTER TARGET THE UNDERSERVED. IN ADDITION TO STRENGTHENING HEALTH SYSTEMS, R4D WORKS TO IMPROVE MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH IN OTHER WAYS: WE GENERATE EVIDENCE ABOUT WHAT KINDS OF MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH INTERVENTIONS ARE MOST EFFECTIVE; WE WORK TO ENSURE MOTHERS AND CHILDREN ARE WELL NOURISHED, WHICH CAN BUILD RESILIENCE, PREVENT ILLNESSES AND SAVE LIVES; WE WORK TO ENSURE ACCESS TO SAFE WATER AND SANITATION, AVERTING WATERBORNE ILLNESSES TO WHICH MOTHERS AND YOUNG CHILDREN ARE PARTICULARLY SUSCEPTIBLE; WE CONDUCT ANALYSIS AND WORK WITH CHANGE AGENTS TO SHAPE GLOBAL AND COUNTRY-LEVEL MARKETS TO ADDRESS INEFFICIENCIES AND DRAMATICALLY EXPAND ACCESS TO AFFORDABLE, HIGH-QUALITY MATERNAL HEALTH COMMODITIES AND SERVICES; WE WORK WITH PRIVATE HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS AND INTERMEDIARY ORGANIZATIONS TO OVERCOME KEY CHALLENGES AND IMPROVE SUSTAINABLE ACCESS TO KEY FAMILY PLANNING AND SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH SERVICES FOR WOMEN AND GIRLS. FORM 990, PART III, LINE 4B IN ITS FIRST TWO YEARS, THE IXC EXPERIMENTED WITH AND LEARNED FROM A VARIETY OF APPROACHES TO SOURCING, SELECTING, AND SCALING INNOVATIONS TO ENACT CHANGE IN THE INDO-PACIFIC REGION. HOWEVER, IT NOW SEEKS TO UNDERSTAND HOW TO USE WHAT IT (AND THE REST OF THE WORLD) HAS LEARNED FROM THESE APPROACHES TO FOSTERING INNOVATION, TO INFORM HOW IT CAN BETTER DO SO ACROSS DFAT AND THE BROADER AUSTRALIAN PUBLIC SERVICE. R4D'S EVALUATION AND ADAPTIVE LEARNING TEAM WORKS CLOSELY WITH PARTNERS LIKE THE IXC TO UNDERSTAND THEIR LEARNING NEEDS, AND STRUCTURE OUR ENGAGEMENTS AROUND PRODUCING TIMELY AND ACTIONABLE EVIDENCE. WITH THE IXC, THE OPPORTUNITY WE SEE IS TWO-FOLD: 1. UNDERSTAND PROGRESS AGAINST THE IXC'S GOALS THUS FAR, AND COLLECT RELEVANT LEARNINGS THAT CAN INFORM ITS FUTURE WORK 2. CONTINUOUSLY LEARN AND ITERATE THROUGHOUT IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NEW STRATEGY THROUGH AN ADAPTIVE EVALUATION THIS PARTNERSHIP ALSO BUILDS ON THE IXC'S CURRENT MEMBERSHIP IN THE INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT INNOVATION ALLIANCE (IDIA), A GROUP OF 12 INNOVATION FUNDERS FROM AROUND THE WORLD THAT IS FACILITATED BY R4D. OUR WORK IS INFORMED BY THE LEARNING AND OUTPUTS FROM THIS PLATFORM, SUCH AS THE RECENT IDIA REPORT SHARING CURRENT INSIGHTS ON MEASURING THE IMPACT OF INNOVATION. OUR WORK BEGAN WITH A RAPID REVIEW OF THE IXC'S PROGRESS TOWARDS ITS CURRENT RESULTS FRAMEWORK. A THEORY OF CHANGE WORKSHOP HELPED THE IXC ARTICULATE THEIR STRATEGY AND GUIDED OUR TEAM IN DEVELOPING OUR COLLECTIVE LEARNING AGENDA. IN THE FIRST PHASE OF THIS WORK, WE EXPANDED ON OUR RAPID REVIEW OF THE RESULTS FRAMEWORK WITH DEEP DIVES ON THREE RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSES (IMPACT TO DATE, DOCUMENTING LESSONS LEARNED ON PARTNERSHIPS, AND LESSONS LEARNED ON ENGAGING WITH DFAT'S COUNTRY POSTS AROUND THE WORLD). THIS WORK ALLOWED US TO CLEARLY ARTICULATE A LEARNING AGENDA CENTERED AROUND AN 18-MONTH ADAPTIVE EVALUATION THAT WILL INFORM HOW THE IXC IMPLEMENTS THEIR REVISED STRATEGY. OUR ADAPTIVE LEARNING APPROACH FREQUENTLY INCLUDES IN-PERSON SUPPORT DURING KEY PHASES OF IMPLEMENTATION, SO WE SECONDED TWO TEAM MEMBERS TO DFAT FOR THE NINE WEEKS FROM THE THEORY OF CHANGE WORKSHOP THROUGH DEVELOPMENT OF THE ADAPTIVE EVALUATION. R4D'S DEEP BENCH OF EXPERTS WILL PROVIDE STRATEGIC SUPPORT TO DFAT IN PRIORITY CONTENT AREAS IN ADDITION TO THE ADAPTIVE EVALUATION. OUR NUTRITION AND EDUCATION TEAMS' SUPPORT INCLUDE CO-DESIGN OF INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS, SUCH AS A 'NUDGE FUND' TO PROVIDE SMALL INCENTIVES THAT EMPOWER COUNTRY POSTS TO TAKE UP INNOVATION. O IMPROVING CHALLENGE FUND EVALUATIONS WITH ADAPTIVE LEARNING TO HELP ADDRESS THE ISSUE OF GLOBAL MALNUTRITION, THE AUSTRALIAN DEPARTMENT OF FOREIGN AID AND TRADE (DFAT) PARTNERED WITH THE USAID GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT LAB AND SECOND MUSE'S LAUNCH PROGRAM TO SUPPORT AND SCALE INNOVATIONS THAT IMPROVE HEALTH OUTCOMES BY ENABLING PEOPLE TO MAKE HEALTHY FOOD CHOICES. FROM 2016-2017, THE LAUNCH FOOD CHALLENGE SOUGHT APPLICATIONS FROM GLOBAL ENTREPRENEURS, RESEARCHERS AND INDUSTRY EXPERTS, AND RECEIVED OVER 280 SUBMISSIONS FROM AROUND THE WORLD. WITH THE SUPPORT OF THE GLOBAL LAUNCH NETWORK OF EXPERTS, 11 INNOVATIONS WERE SELECTED THAT EITHER HAD THE POTENTIAL TO ADDRESS THE AVAILABILITY OF AND ACCESS TO AFFORDABLE, NUTRITIOUS, DESIRABLE AND SUSTAINABLE FOOD; AND/OR THAT COULD PROMOTE PEOPLE'S SELECTION AND CONSUMPTION OF MORE NUTRITIOUS FOOD. DFAT WANTED TO UNDERSTAND HOW WELL THE LAUNCH MODEL SOURCED AND SUPPORTED INNOVATIONS IN THEIR JOURNEY TO IMPACT, AND TO LEARN FROM THE EXPERIENCE FOR FUTURE ITERATIONS OF INNOVATION CHALLENGES. R4D WAS APPOINTED BY DFAT AS A LEARNING PARTNER TO SUPPORT SECOND MUSE IN ASSESSING THE DESIGN AND DELIVERY OF THE PROGRAM AS IT WAS ROLLED OUT, USING AN ADAPTIVE LEARNING APPROACH TO CONTINUALLY REFINE THE LAUNCH FOOD THEORY OF CHANGE AND CO-CREATE DESIGN TWEAKS THROUGH A SERIES OF LEARNING CHECKS THROUGHOUT THE EVALUATION PERIOD. R4D'S MATRIX APPROACH ALLOWED THE TEAM TO CAPITALIZE ON EXPERTISE FROM THREE PRACTICES: EVALUATION AND ADAPTIVE LEARNING, NUTRITION, AND INNOVATION. THE PROJECT TEAM WAS COMPRISED OF AT LEAST ONE MEMBER FROM EACH OF THESE THREE TEAMS, WHICH ALLOWED US TO CONSTRUCT A THEORY OF CHANGE AND EVALUATION DESIGN GROUNDED IN THE LATEST THINKING ABOUT HOW TO MEASURE SUCCESS IN THE AREAS OF NUTRITION AND INNOVATION. R4D JOINED LAUNCH FOOD SHORTLY BEFORE THE 11 INNOVATIONS WERE SELECTED FOR ACCELERATION. OUR TEAM FIRST LED A KICK-OFF INCEPTION WORKSHOP WITH DFAT, USAID AND SECOND MUSE TO IDENTIFY THE KEY FOCUS AREAS FOR THE EVALUATION AND UNDERSTAND THE THEORY OF CHANGE BEHIND THE PROGRAM. WE THEN CONDUCTED BASELINE DATA COLLECTION AT THE FORUM WHERE INNOVATORS FIRST MET AND PRESENTED THEIR INNOVATIONS TO THE LAUNCH NETWORK OF SUPPORTIVE INDUSTRY EXPERTS. OUR FIRST LEARNING CHECK GAVE DFAT, USAID AND SECOND MUSE A CHANCE TO REVIEW THE BASELINE DATA TOGETHER, FOCUSING IN PARTICULAR ON INNOVATORS' EXPECTATIONS FOR THE ACCELERATION PHASE OF THE PROGRAM. WE THEN CONDUCTED MID-LINE DATA COLLECTION WITH MEMBERS OF THE BROADER NETWORK, INNOVATORS, AND THE PROGRAM GUIDES WHO WERE SUPPORTING THE INNOVATORS ON THEIR SCALING JOURNEYS. THIS DATA INFORMED OUR SECOND LEARNING CHECK, WHICH FOCUSED ON TWEAKS TO BE MADE TO THE ACCELERATION PROCESS TO BETTER SUPPORT THE INNOVATORS. FINALLY, WE CONDUCTED END-LINE DATA COLLECTION WITH THE 11 INNOVATORS TO UNDERSTAND THEIR GROWTH OVER THE COURSE OF THE PROGRAM AND THE VALUE LAUNCH FOOD ADDED TO THEIR INNOVATIONS. THESE FINDINGS WERE PRESENTED AT A CLOSEOUT WORKSHOP WITH DFAT, USAID AND SECOND MUSE WHERE PARTICIPANTS COLLECTIVELY REVIEWED THE FINDINGS AND CO-DESIGNED IMPROVEMENTS TO THE LAUNCH MODEL, INCLUDING HOW INNOVATORS ARE SELECTED, HOW THE LAUNCH NETWORK IS CURATED AND SUPPORTED, AND HOW TO TAILOR STAKEHOLDER EXPECTATIONS AND OUTCOMES FOR THE DESIGN OF FUTURE INNOVATION CHALLENGES. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 11B THE FEDERAL FORM 990 IS REVIEWED BY THE AUDIT COMMITTEE WITH THE TAX PREPARER AND THEN FORWARDED TO THE FULL BOARD OF DIRECTORS FOR FINAL REVIEW PRIOR TO FILING WITH THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 12C THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS APPROVED A CONFLICT OF INTEREST POLICY AT THEIR OCTOBER 28, 2009 MEETING. THE BOARD MEMBERS REVIEW THE CONFLICT OF INTEREST POLICY ANNUALLY. TO ENSURE THE RESULTS FOR DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE OPERATES IN A MANNER CONSISTENT WITH CHARITABLE PURPOSES AND DOES NOT ENGAGE IN ACTIVITIES THAT COULD JEOPARDIZE ITS TAX-EXEMPT STATUS, PERIODIC REVIEWS SHALL BE CONDUCTED. THE PERIODIC REVIEWS SHALL, AT A MINIMUM, INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING SUBJECTS: WHETHER COMPENSATION ARRANGEMENTS AND BENEFITS ARE REASONABLE, BASED ON COMPETENT SURVEY INFORMATION, AND THE RESULT OF ARM'S LENGTH BARGAINING, AND WHETHER PARTNERSHIPS, JOINT VENTURES, AND ARRANGEMENTS WITH MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATIONS CONFORM TO R4D'S WRITTEN POLICIES, ARE PROPERLY RECORDED, REFLECT REASONABLE INVESTMENT OR PAYMENTS FOR GOODS AND SERVICES, FURTHER CHARITABLE PURPOSES AND DO NOT RESULT IN INUREMENT, IMPERMISSIBLE PRIVATE BENEFIT OR IN AN EXCESS BENEFIT TRANSACTION. IF THE GOVERNING BOARD OR COMMITTEE DETERMINES THE MEMBER HAS FAILED TO DISCLOSE AN ACTUAL OR POSSIBLE CONFLICT OF INTEREST, IT SHALL TAKE APPROPRIATE DISCIPLINARY AND CORRECTIVE ACTION. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 15A THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS REVIEWS AND APPROVES THE PRESIDENT'S COMPENSATION ON AN ANNUAL BASIS. THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS COMMISSIONED A REPORT FROM AN INDEPENDENT CONSULTANT IN 2009, 2010, 2013 AND 2016 TO ENSURE THE APPROPRIATENESS OF THE COMPENSATION LEVELS OF THE MANAGING DIRECTORS AND THE PRESIDENT. IN 2010 AND 2013 THE R4D MANAGEMENT UNDERTOOK A REVIEW OF AN INDEPENDENTLY PRODUCED COMPENSATION SURVEY OF OTHER NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS OF SIMILAR SIZE AND SCOPE TO R4D TO ENSURE THE APPROPRIATENESS OF THE COMPENSATION LEVELS OF ITS STAFF. ANNUALLY R4D MANAGEMENT REVIEWS THE SALARY OF ITS STAFF AND COMPENSATION OF R4D MANAGING DIRECTORS AND ALL STAFF SALARIES ARE APPROVED BY THE PRESIDENT. IN NOVEMBER 2015, THE BOARD REVIEWED THE PRESIDENT'S EMPLOYMENT CONTRACT AND RENEWED THIS CONTRACT FOR AN ADDITIONAL YEAR TO BE REVIEWED ANNUALLY HENCEFORTH. THE RESULTS OF THE ANNUAL REVIEW SHALL BE AN INPUT TO THE DETERMINATION OF EXECUTIVE'S COMPENSATION. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION C, LINE 19 R4D MAKES ITS GOVERNING DOCUMENTS, CONFLICT OF INTEREST POLICY, AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AVAILABLE TO THE PUBLIC UPON REQUEST. FORM 990, PART IX, LINE 11G CONSULTANTS: PROGRAM SERVICE EXPENSES 3,342,304. MANAGEMENT AND GENERAL EXPENSES 454,797. FUNDRAISING EXPENSES 0. TOTAL EXPENSES 3,797,101. FORM 990, PART XI, LINE 9: GRANT REFUND 11,075.