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      <Form990PartVIISectionAGrp>
        <PersonNm>Nestor Weigand</PersonNm>
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      <Form990PartVIISectionAGrp>
        <PersonNm>Preston Marshall</PersonNm>
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        <PersonNm>Rebecca Dunn</PersonNm>
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        <ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt>0</ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt>
        <OtherCompensationAmt>0</OtherCompensationAmt>
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      <Form990PartVIISectionAGrp>
        <PersonNm>Robert A Levy</PersonNm>
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        <ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt>0</ReportableCompFromRltdOrgAmt>
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      <Form990PartVIISectionAGrp>
        <PersonNm>Robert Gelfond</PersonNm>
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      <Form990PartVIISectionAGrp>
        <PersonNm>Peter Goettler</PersonNm>
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      <Form990PartVIISectionAGrp>
        <PersonNm>David Boaz</PersonNm>
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      <Form990PartVIISectionAGrp>
        <PersonNm>Elizabeth Santos</PersonNm>
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      <Form990PartVIISectionAGrp>
        <PersonNm>Jon Heimerman</PersonNm>
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      <Form990PartVIISectionAGrp>
        <PersonNm>Marissa Delgado</PersonNm>
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      <Form990PartVIISectionAGrp>
        <PersonNm>Clark Neily</PersonNm>
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        <PersonNm>George Selgin</PersonNm>
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        <PersonNm>Lesley Albanese</PersonNm>
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        <PersonNm>Patrick Michaels</PersonNm>
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        <PersonNm>Roger Pilon</PersonNm>
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          <BusinessName>
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          <USAddress>
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      <ContractorCompensationGrp>
        <ContractorName>
          <BusinessName>
            <BusinessNameLine1Txt>BeTech</BusinessNameLine1Txt>
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          <USAddress>
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      <ContractorCompensationGrp>
        <ContractorName>
          <BusinessName>
            <BusinessNameLine1Txt>James Bacchus</BusinessNameLine1Txt>
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          <USAddress>
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        <BusinessCd>900099</BusinessCd>
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        <ProgramServicesAmt>576334</ProgramServicesAmt>
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        <FundraisingAmt>412</FundraisingAmt>
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        <ManagementAndGeneralAmt>61600</ManagementAndGeneralAmt>
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        <FundraisingAmt>76112</FundraisingAmt>
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        <ProgramServicesAmt>2266796</ProgramServicesAmt>
        <ManagementAndGeneralAmt>84215</ManagementAndGeneralAmt>
        <FundraisingAmt>678949</FundraisingAmt>
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        <ProgramServicesAmt>615464</ProgramServicesAmt>
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        <FundraisingAmt>104237</FundraisingAmt>
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        <FundraisingAmt>238154</FundraisingAmt>
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        <FundraisingAmt>10880</FundraisingAmt>
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        <ProgramServicesAmt>446699</ProgramServicesAmt>
        <FundraisingAmt>22807</FundraisingAmt>
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      <OtherExpensesGrp>
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        <FundraisingAmt>32052</FundraisingAmt>
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        <ProgramServicesAmt>134124</ProgramServicesAmt>
        <FundraisingAmt>74475</FundraisingAmt>
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      <OtherExpensesGrp>
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        <ManagementAndGeneralAmt>45209</ManagementAndGeneralAmt>
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      <TotalFunctionalExpensesGrp>
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        <ManagementAndGeneralAmt>2355476</ManagementAndGeneralAmt>
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        <FundraisingAmt>263936</FundraisingAmt>
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        <EOYAmt>1300</EOYAmt>
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        <EOYAmt>34434</EOYAmt>
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        <EOYAmt>296610</EOYAmt>
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        <EOYAmt>682313</EOYAmt>
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        <EOYAmt>38659411</EOYAmt>
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        <EOYAmt>1875</EOYAmt>
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        <EOYAmt>84375877</EOYAmt>
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        <EOYAmt>1614242</EOYAmt>
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        <EOYAmt>231459</EOYAmt>
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        <EOYAmt>1108237</EOYAmt>
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        <EOYAmt>2953938</EOYAmt>
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        <EOYAmt>71790314</EOYAmt>
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      <TemporarilyRstrNetAssetsGrp>
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        <EOYAmt>6621528</EOYAmt>
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      <PermanentlyRstrNetAssetsGrp>
        <BOYAmt>3010097</BOYAmt>
        <EOYAmt>3010097</EOYAmt>
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        <BOYAmt>81420490</BOYAmt>
        <EOYAmt>81421939</EOYAmt>
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      </RecipientTable>
      <Total501c3OrgCnt>2</Total501c3OrgCnt>
      <GrantsOtherAsstToIndivInUSGrp>
        <GrantTypeTxt>Stipends for senior fellows/adjunct scholars</GrantTypeTxt>
        <RecipientCnt>11</RecipientCnt>
        <CashGrantAmt>387371</CashGrantAmt>
      </GrantsOtherAsstToIndivInUSGrp>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Part I, Line 2:</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>Programs are supervised by project managers who provide oversight, approve payments, and provide an accounting of funds spent.</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>SCHEDULE I, PART I, LINE 2</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
    </IRS990ScheduleI>
    <IRS990ScheduleJ documentId="RetDoc1042400001">
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      <Form990OfOtherOrganizationsInd>X</Form990OfOtherOrganizationsInd>
      <BoardOrCommitteeApprovalInd>X</BoardOrCommitteeApprovalInd>
      <SeverancePaymentInd>1</SeverancePaymentInd>
      <SupplementalNonqualRtrPlanInd>0</SupplementalNonqualRtrPlanInd>
      <EquityBasedCompArrngmInd>0</EquityBasedCompArrngmInd>
      <CompBasedOnRevenueOfFlngOrgInd>0</CompBasedOnRevenueOfFlngOrgInd>
      <CompBsdOnRevRelatedOrgsInd>0</CompBsdOnRevRelatedOrgsInd>
      <CompBsdNetEarnsFlngOrgInd>0</CompBsdNetEarnsFlngOrgInd>
      <CompBsdNetEarnsRltdOrgsInd>0</CompBsdNetEarnsRltdOrgsInd>
      <AnyNonFixedPaymentsInd>0</AnyNonFixedPaymentsInd>
      <InitialContractExceptionInd>0</InitialContractExceptionInd>
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        <PersonNm>Peter Goettler</PersonNm>
        <TitleTxt>President and CEO</TitleTxt>
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        <CompensationBasedOnRltdOrgsAmt>0</CompensationBasedOnRltdOrgsAmt>
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        <DeferredCompensationFlngOrgAmt>24300</DeferredCompensationFlngOrgAmt>
        <DeferredCompRltdOrgsAmt>0</DeferredCompRltdOrgsAmt>
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        <NontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt>0</NontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt>
        <TotalCompensationFilingOrgAmt>541428</TotalCompensationFilingOrgAmt>
        <TotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>0</TotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>
        <CompReportPrior990FilingOrgAmt>0</CompReportPrior990FilingOrgAmt>
        <CompReportPrior990RltdOrgsAmt>0</CompReportPrior990RltdOrgsAmt>
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      <RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp>
        <PersonNm>David Boaz</PersonNm>
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        <CompReportPrior990FilingOrgAmt>0</CompReportPrior990FilingOrgAmt>
        <CompReportPrior990RltdOrgsAmt>0</CompReportPrior990RltdOrgsAmt>
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      <RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp>
        <PersonNm>Jon Heimerman</PersonNm>
        <TitleTxt>VP/CAO (Through 1/19)</TitleTxt>
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        <OtherCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>0</OtherCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>
        <DeferredCompensationFlngOrgAmt>15695</DeferredCompensationFlngOrgAmt>
        <DeferredCompRltdOrgsAmt>0</DeferredCompRltdOrgsAmt>
        <NontaxableBenefitsFilingOrgAmt>12714</NontaxableBenefitsFilingOrgAmt>
        <NontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt>0</NontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt>
        <TotalCompensationFilingOrgAmt>252867</TotalCompensationFilingOrgAmt>
        <TotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>0</TotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>
        <CompReportPrior990FilingOrgAmt>0</CompReportPrior990FilingOrgAmt>
        <CompReportPrior990RltdOrgsAmt>0</CompReportPrior990RltdOrgsAmt>
      </RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp>
      <RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp>
        <PersonNm>Clark Neily</PersonNm>
        <TitleTxt>VP, Director of Criminal Justice</TitleTxt>
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        <CompensationBasedOnRltdOrgsAmt>0</CompensationBasedOnRltdOrgsAmt>
        <BonusFilingOrganizationAmount>0</BonusFilingOrganizationAmount>
        <BonusRelatedOrganizationsAmt>0</BonusRelatedOrganizationsAmt>
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        <OtherCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>0</OtherCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>
        <DeferredCompensationFlngOrgAmt>781</DeferredCompensationFlngOrgAmt>
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        <NontaxableBenefitsFilingOrgAmt>24948</NontaxableBenefitsFilingOrgAmt>
        <NontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt>0</NontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt>
        <TotalCompensationFilingOrgAmt>214744</TotalCompensationFilingOrgAmt>
        <TotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>0</TotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>
        <CompReportPrior990FilingOrgAmt>0</CompReportPrior990FilingOrgAmt>
        <CompReportPrior990RltdOrgsAmt>0</CompReportPrior990RltdOrgsAmt>
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      <RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp>
        <PersonNm>George Selgin</PersonNm>
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        <OtherCompensationFilingOrgAmt>0</OtherCompensationFilingOrgAmt>
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        <DeferredCompensationFlngOrgAmt>15734</DeferredCompensationFlngOrgAmt>
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        <NontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt>0</NontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt>
        <TotalCompensationFilingOrgAmt>248036</TotalCompensationFilingOrgAmt>
        <TotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>0</TotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>
        <CompReportPrior990FilingOrgAmt>0</CompReportPrior990FilingOrgAmt>
        <CompReportPrior990RltdOrgsAmt>0</CompReportPrior990RltdOrgsAmt>
      </RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp>
      <RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp>
        <PersonNm>Lesley Albanese</PersonNm>
        <TitleTxt>VP for Initiatives</TitleTxt>
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        <TotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>0</TotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>
        <CompReportPrior990FilingOrgAmt>0</CompReportPrior990FilingOrgAmt>
        <CompReportPrior990RltdOrgsAmt>0</CompReportPrior990RltdOrgsAmt>
      </RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp>
      <RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp>
        <PersonNm>Patrick Michaels</PersonNm>
        <TitleTxt>Dir., Center for Study of Science</TitleTxt>
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        <CompensationBasedOnRltdOrgsAmt>0</CompensationBasedOnRltdOrgsAmt>
        <BonusFilingOrganizationAmount>0</BonusFilingOrganizationAmount>
        <BonusRelatedOrganizationsAmt>0</BonusRelatedOrganizationsAmt>
        <OtherCompensationFilingOrgAmt>26016</OtherCompensationFilingOrgAmt>
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        <DeferredCompensationFlngOrgAmt>14184</DeferredCompensationFlngOrgAmt>
        <DeferredCompRltdOrgsAmt>0</DeferredCompRltdOrgsAmt>
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        <NontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt>0</NontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt>
        <TotalCompensationFilingOrgAmt>217283</TotalCompensationFilingOrgAmt>
        <TotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>0</TotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>
        <CompReportPrior990FilingOrgAmt>0</CompReportPrior990FilingOrgAmt>
        <CompReportPrior990RltdOrgsAmt>0</CompReportPrior990RltdOrgsAmt>
      </RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp>
      <RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp>
        <PersonNm>Roger Pilon</PersonNm>
        <TitleTxt>VP, Director of Const. Studies</TitleTxt>
        <BaseCompensationFilingOrgAmt>192797</BaseCompensationFilingOrgAmt>
        <CompensationBasedOnRltdOrgsAmt>0</CompensationBasedOnRltdOrgsAmt>
        <BonusFilingOrganizationAmount>0</BonusFilingOrganizationAmount>
        <BonusRelatedOrganizationsAmt>0</BonusRelatedOrganizationsAmt>
        <OtherCompensationFilingOrgAmt>0</OtherCompensationFilingOrgAmt>
        <OtherCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>0</OtherCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>
        <DeferredCompensationFlngOrgAmt>12499</DeferredCompensationFlngOrgAmt>
        <DeferredCompRltdOrgsAmt>0</DeferredCompRltdOrgsAmt>
        <NontaxableBenefitsFilingOrgAmt>20345</NontaxableBenefitsFilingOrgAmt>
        <NontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt>0</NontaxableBenefitsRltdOrgsAmt>
        <TotalCompensationFilingOrgAmt>225641</TotalCompensationFilingOrgAmt>
        <TotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>0</TotalCompensationRltdOrgsAmt>
        <CompReportPrior990FilingOrgAmt>0</CompReportPrior990FilingOrgAmt>
        <CompReportPrior990RltdOrgsAmt>0</CompReportPrior990RltdOrgsAmt>
      </RltdOrgOfficerTrstKeyEmplGrp>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Part I, Line 4a</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>Patrick Michaels received $26,016 in severance.</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
    </IRS990ScheduleJ>
    <IRS990ScheduleM documentId="RetDoc1042900001">
      <SecuritiesPubliclyTradedGrp>
        <NonCashCheckboxInd>X</NonCashCheckboxInd>
        <ContributionCnt>37</ContributionCnt>
        <NoncashContributionsRptF990Amt>656787</NoncashContributionsRptF990Amt>
        <MethodOfDeterminingRevenuesTxt>FMV date of receipt</MethodOfDeterminingRevenuesTxt>
      </SecuritiesPubliclyTradedGrp>
      <AnyPropertyThatMustBeHeldInd>0</AnyPropertyThatMustBeHeldInd>
      <ReviewProcessUnusualNCGiftsInd>1</ReviewProcessUnusualNCGiftsInd>
      <ThirdPartiesUsedInd>0</ThirdPartiesUsedInd>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Part I, Column (b):</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>Column b represents the number of contributions.</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
    </IRS990ScheduleM>
    <IRS990ScheduleO documentId="RetDoc1044400001">
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Form 990, Part VI, Section A, line 4</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>The Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws were amended in April 2018 to state that the organization shall have no members other than the board of directors.</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Form 990, Part VI, Section B, line 11b</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>Process used to review form 990: A draft 990 is provided to each member for review and comment prior to finalization.</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Form 990, Part VI, Section B, line 12c</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>Monitoring and enforcement of compliance with conflict of interest policy: Cato reviews conflict of interest disclosures. If a potential conflict of interest arises, the director, officer or key employee with the conflict is required to correct the situation or either step down from the board or face termination from employment.</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Form 990, Part VI, Section B, line 15a</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>Process for determining compensation: Independent contractor reviews compensation/benefits. The board discusses and approves executive compensation/benefits based on results of the independent study.</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Form 990, Part VI, Section C, line 19</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>How the organization makes organizing documents available to the public: Cato's bylaws, articles of incorporation, and conflict of interest policy are available to anyone who requests them. Further, Cato has always complied, and will continue to comply, with the mandate that form 990 be made publicly available.</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
    </IRS990ScheduleO>
  </ReturnData>
</Return>