2020-11-11T17:54:10-06:00 2019-12-31 946214841 ARMANINO LLP 12657 ALCOSTA BLVD STE 500 SAN RAMON CA 945834600 990 2019-01-01 680492065 PUBLIC LIBRARY OF SCIENCE PUBL 4156241200 1265 BATTERY STREET STE NO 200 SAN FRANCISCO CA 94111 TODOR GRIGOROV CFO 4156241200 2020-11-03 1 KATY BROWN P00650274 9257902600 2020-11-03 34.99.94.49 2020-11-03 18:04:42 PS P DA39A3EE5E6B4B0D3255BFEF95601890AFD80709 A2EF7C6B3EF9173E0A95C57244F2B1B86FE486B2 2019 2021-01-29 14:40:06Z X TODOR GRIGOROV 1265 BATTERY STREET STE NO 200 SAN FRANCISCO CA 94111 36314648 0 X WWW.PLOS.ORG X 2001 CA PLEASE SEE SCHEDULE O FOR COMPLETE DESCRIPTION OF THE ORGANIZATION'S MISSION. 10 9 174 11079 267707 0 3606 158006 32007918 30118273 503884 279094 1929 1119 32517337 30556492 0 0 0 0 24034068 18744128 0 0 0 13946083 11800972 37980151 30545100 -5462814 11392 15407696 15651527 4724106 3851158 10683590 11800369 X PLEASE SEE SCHEDULE O FOR COMPLETE DESCRIPTION OF THE ORGANIZATION'S MISSION. 0 0 25316860 29850566 SCIENCE AND MEDICAL PUBLISHING ARE THE CORE OF PLOS PROGRAM EXPENSE AT OVER $30 MILLION. THE ACTIVITIES INVOLVED IN OUR PUBLISHING OPERATION INCLUDE:- EDITORIAL AND PRODUCTION WORK - RECEIPT AND TRIAGE OF SUBMISSIONS; PERFORMING/COORDINATING THEIR PEER REVIEW; AND PRODUCTION AND ONLINE PUBLICATION OF ACCEPTED ARTICLES. - MARKETING AND OUTREACH - PROMOTING ARTICLES, INVITING SUBMISSIONS, PROMOTING INITIATIVES SUCH AS CALLS FOR PAPERS, AND CREATING RESOURCES FOR AUTHORS AND REVIEWERS.- PUBLISHING ETHICS - HANDLING ETHICAL AND SCIENTIFIC CONCERNS INVOLVING SUBMISSIONS AND PUBLISHED ARTICLES.- ENGAGEMENT WITH RESEARCH COMMUNITIES (E.G. BY ATTENDING/ORGANIZING CONFERENCES/EVENTS/WORKSHOPS) - TO ENSURE THE JOURNALS AND THEIR POLICIES REFLECT THE RESEARCH INTERESTS AND VALUES OF THESE FIELDS AND COMMUNITIES.- MEDIA - COLLABORATING WITH AUTHORS, INSTITUTIONS, SCIENCE MEDIA CENTERS AND JOURNALISTS TO COMMUNICATE RESEARCH TO BOTH SCIENTISTS AND SOCIETY.THE SCOPE OF PLOS JOURNALS INCLUDES:- PLOS ONE, THE FIRST MULTIDISCIPLINARY OA JOURNAL PUBLISHING ALL TECHNICALLY VALID AND ETHICAL RESEARCH, REGARDLESS OF ANTICIPATED IMPACT.- PLOS BIOLOGY, PUBLISHING ARTICLES OF EXCEPTIONAL SIGNIFICANCE, ORIGINALITY AND RELEVANCE IN ALL AREAS OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE, FROM MOLECULES TO ECOSYSTEMS TO DATA-DRIVEN META-RESEARCH.- PLOS MEDICINE, WITH ARTICLES IN ALL AREAS OF MEDICAL SCIENCE, CLINICAL PRACTICE AND HEALTH POLICY INCLUDING A VARIETY OF STUDY DESIGNS.- PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY, PUBLISHING WORK THAT FURTHERS THE UNDERSTANDING OF LIVING SYSTEMS AT ALL SCALES THROUGH THE APPLICATION OF COMPUTATIONAL METHODS.- PLOS GENETICS, FOCUSED ON ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS IN GENETICS AND GENOMICS THAT REFLECT THE FULL BREADTH, INTERDISCIPLINARY NATURE AND IMPACT OF THESE FIELDS ON SCIENCE AND MEDICINE.- PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES, THE FIRST JOURNAL SOLELY DEVOTED TO CHRONIC AND POVERTY-PROMOTING INFECTIOUS DISEASES, PUBLISHES RESEARCH ON ALL ASPECTS OF NTDS. - PLOS PATHOGENS, FIRST OA JOURNAL FOR BREAKTHROUGHS IN UNDERSTANDING PATHOGENS AND THEIR INTERACTIONS WITH HOST ORGANISMS. IN ADDITION TO MANAGING THE ABOVE PORTFOLIO OF JOURNALS, IN 2019 PLOS CONTINUED ITS FOCUS ON TWO BROAD AREAS: (1) OPEN SCIENCE PRACTICES AND INITIATIVES AROUND TRANSPARENCY, RECOGNITION, EXPANDED OPPORTUNITIES FOR PEER REVIEW, FIGHTING PUBLICATION BIAS, AND REPRODUCIBILITY; AND (2) DEVELOPING MORE EQUITABLE BUSINESS MODELS TO ENABLE A DIVERSE AND SUSTAINABLE PUBLISHING ECOSYSTEM. THE FOLLOWING ARE KEY HIGHLIGHTS FROM OUR WORK IN 2019:- IN VARIOUS BLOG POSTS AND SPEAKING ENGAGEMENTS, PLOS OUTLINED ITS VISION FOR BUSINESS MODELS BEYOND THE APC. WHILE MUCH OF THIS WORK WILL NOT BE PUBLICLY VISIBLE UNTIL 2020, 2019 SAW THE START OF PUBLIC DISCUSSION, AND EXTENSIVE BEHIND-THE-SCENES OPERATIONAL WORK, TO ADAPT TO NEW BUSINESS MODELS THAT ARE FOCUSED ON CENTRALLY ADMINISTRATED RELATIONSHIPS WITH INSTITUTIONS, FUNDERS, AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS, IN ADDITION TO AUTHORS ARRANGING PAYMENTS OF APCS.- PLOS ROLLED OUT THE OPTION FOR "PUBLISHED PEER REVIEW HISTORY" WHEREBY AUTHORS OPT-IN TO MAKE THE REVIEWER REPORTS OPENLY AVAILABLE ALONGSIDE THEIR ARTICLE, IF ACCEPTED FOR PUBLICATION. WE COMBINED MANUAL AND AUTOMATED PROCESSES, INCLUDING THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW SOFTWARE, TO ENABLE US TO PUBLISH PEER REVIEW HISTORIES AT OUR LEVEL OF SCALE. - PLOS INCREASED THE NUMBER OF OPTIONS FOR REVIEWERS TO GET CREDIT FOR THEIR WORK BY ESTABLISHING CONNECTIONS WITH ORCID FOR REVIEWERS AND PUBLONS. REVIEWERS CAN OPT-IN VIA ORCID TO RECEIVE AUTOMATIC CREDIT FOR THEIR REVIEWS AND ADD MORE NUANCE TO THEIR SCHOLARLY PROFILES. ADDITIONALLY, REVIEWERS CAN SIGN UP FOR PUBLONS ACCOUNTS AND CONNECT THEIR REVIEWS TO THESE PROFILES.- PLOS LAUNCHED A PILOT ACROSS FIVE OF ITS JOURNALS (PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY, PLOS GENETICS, PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES, PLOS PATHOGENS) TO CONNECT BIORXIV COMMENTS ON PREPRINTS UNDER CONSIDERATION AT THESE JOURNALS TO THE EDITORS HANDLING THOSE ARTICLES. PLOS SUPPORTS MAXIMIZING AND DIVERSIFYING THE PEER REVIEW PROCESS TO ENABLE EVEN MORE VOICES TO CONTRIBUTE.- PLOS PARTNERED WITH THE PREPRINT REVIEW INITIATIVE REVIEW COMMONS, WHICH COORDINATES THE PEER REVIEW OF PREPRINTS, TO CREATE A "REFEREED PREPRINT". THIS REFEREED PREPRINT + REVIEW PACKAGE CAN THEN BE DIRECTED, BY THE AUTHOR, TO AFFILIATE JOURNALS TO EXPEDITE EDITORIAL CONSIDERATION, REDUCE SERIAL RE-REVIEW, AND STREAMLINE PUBLICATION. - PLOS CONTINUED ITS WORK TO HELP PROVIDE A FRAMEWORK FOR MINIMAL REPORTING STANDARDS IN THE LIFE SCIENCE BY DEVELOPING AND TRIALING THE MDAR CHECKLIST. - PLOS CONTINUED OUR PUBLICATION FEE ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS, DESIGNED TO OVERCOME BARRIERS TO IMMEDIATE AVAILABILITY, ACCESS AND USE OF RESEARCH. IN 2019 PLOS PROVIDED $1.7 MILLION IN PARTIAL OR FULL ARTICLE PROCESSING CHARGE (APC) WAIVERS TO AUTHORS. THIS MAJOR PROGRAM EXPENSE, WHICH APPEARS AS A CONTRA-REVENUE FOR FINANCIAL REPORTING PURPOSES, DEMONSTRATES OUR SUPPORT TO SCIENCE AND THE GLOBAL RESEARCH COMMUNITY. 25316860 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 81 0 1 174 1 1 1 1 UK 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 X 10 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 CA X X TODOR GRIGOROV CFO 4156241200 1265 BATTERY STREET STE NO 200 SAN FRANCISCO CA 94111 MICHAEL W CARROLL BOARD MEMBER 5.00 X 0 0 0 ROBIN LOVELL-BADGE BOARD MEMBER 5.00 X 0 0 0 MEREDITH T NILES BOARD MEMBER 5.00 X 0 0 0 JENNY MACHIDA BOARD MEMBER 5.00 X 0 0 0 ALASTAIR ADAM BOARD MEMBER 5.00 X 0 0 0 SURESH BHAT BOARD MEMBER 5.00 X 0 0 0 VICTORIA COLEMAN BOARD MEMBER 5.00 X 0 0 0 SIMINE VAZIRE BOARD MEMBER 5.00 X 0 0 0 KEITH YAMAMOTO BOARD MEMBER 5.00 X 0 0 0 ALISON MUDDITT BOARD CHAIR/CEO 40.00 X X 348968 0 34348 TODOR I GRIGOROV CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER (START 5/19) 40.00 X 170051 0 985 JAQUELINE J MORALES CORP. SECRETARY (START 3/19) 20.00 X 96753 0 2830 VERONIQUE KIERMER PUBLISHER & EXEC EDITOR 40.00 X 286369 0 28324 REBEKAH DARKSMITH CHIEF MARKETING OFFICER 40.00 X 247344 0 25185 ROBYN ARVILLE CHIEF PEOPLE AND CULTURE (THRU 8/19) 40.00 X 167766 0 18769 ANN MICHAEL CHIEF DIGITAL OFFICER (START 8/19) 40.00 X 159440 0 17970 SUSAN AU DIR, FINANCE & ACCOUNTING(THRU12/19) 40.00 X 215249 0 16759 AARON DODDS DIRECTOR PRODUCT MGMT 40.00 X 198374 0 17982 JOERG D HERBER EDITOR-IN-CHIEF 40.00 X 189470 0 35147 CLARE E DEAN DIR, JOURNAL MKT & OUTREACH MKT. 40.00 X 179870 0 22009 KERRY KROFFE DIR, EDITORIAL SERVICES (THRU 8/19) 40.00 X 179194 0 10485 RICHARD HEWITT FORMER CEO (THRU 12/18) 40.00 X 129360 0 0 2568208 0 230793 37 1 1 0 APEX COVANTAGE LLC 4045 SHERIDAN AVENUE SUITE 266 MIAMI FL 33140 COMPOSITION 1294349 J&J EDITORIAL 201 SHANNON OAKS CIR 124 CARY NC 27511 EDITORIAL SERVICES 1119803 EDITORIAL OFFICE LTD AVEBURY HOUSE 6 ST PETER ST WINCHESTER UK SO23 8BN EDITORIAL SERVICES 1039333 ARIES SYSTEMS CORPORATION 50 HIGH STREET SUITE 21 NORTH ANDOVER MA 01845 MANUSCRIPT SUBMISSION & TRACKING SYSTEM 843844 KAUFMAN WILLS FUSTING & COMPANY 1010 STREEPER ST S BALTIMORE MD 21224 EDITORIAL SERVICES 662306 17 158006 158006 PUBLICATION FEES, NET 519130 29847728 29847728 ADVERTISING 519130 267707 267707 REPRINTS 519130 2838 2838 30118273 420855 420855 1119 1119 5615995 400 5758152 4 -142157 396 -141761 -141761 30556492 29850566 267707 280213 1605101 1317339 287762 14412209 11817773 2594436 349446 286798 62648 1150278 944057 206221 1227094 1017725 209369 75137 75137 62374 62374 20000 20000 556678 273055 283623 509525 509525 451059 126349 324710 997818 746174 251644 1673233 1560503 112730 680457 467406 213051 373583 310074 63509 91331 75805 15526 PRODUCTION COSTS 5863087 5863087 TRAINING & RECRUITMENT 446690 1190 445500 30545100 25316860 5228240 0 707955 765342 175976 145976 2154573 1664364 60726 62407 603189 741470 4818868 4316169 857450 502699 10839425 11760867 8402 8402 15407696 15651527 4157175 3440890 566931 410268 4724106 3851158 X 10683590 11800369 10683590 11800369 15407696 15651527 X 11392 1168240 -62853 X X 0 1 X 1 0 X 208446 7215 4732 3606 158006 382005 42343985 36882826 35082866 31689229 29850566 175849472 42552431 36890041 35087598 31692835 30008572 176231477 186768 186768 0 186768 186768 176044709 1180467 933692 564541 414755 421974 3515429 3498 3498 1183965 933692 564541 414755 421974 3518927 832 832 43737228 37823733 35652139 32107590 30430546 179751236 0.97940 0.97730 0.01960 0.02140 X RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED 1099251 897277 201974 2771799 2471074 300725 947818 947818 0 502699 X 31641879 1168240 -62853 1105387 30536492 20000 20000 30556492 30525100 0 30525100 20000 20000 30545100 PART X, LINE 2: PLOS HAS RECEIVED NOTIFICATION FROM THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE AND THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA THAT IT QUALIFIES FOR TAX-EXEMPT STATUS UNDER SECTION 501(C)(3) OF THE INTERNAL REVENUE CODE AND SECTION 27301D OF THE CALIFORNIA REVENUE AND TAXATION CODE. THE EXEMPTIONS ARE SUBJECT TO PERIODIC REVIEW BY THE FEDERAL AND STATE TAXING AUTHORITIES, AND MANAGEMENT IS CONFIDENT THAT PLOS CONTINUES TO SATISFY ALL FEDERAL AND STATE STATUTES IN ORDER TO QUALIFY FOR CONTINUED TAX EXEMPTION STATUS. PLOS MAY PERIODICALLY RECEIVE UNRELATED BUSINESS INCOME (SUCH AS ADVERTISING INCOME, ETC.) REQUIRING PLOS TO FILE SEPARATE TAX RETURNS UNDER FEDERAL AND STATE STATUTES. PLOS ALSO HAS CERTAIN TRANSACTIONS REQUIRING THE PAYMENT OF ADDITIONAL EMPLOYER TAXES TO HM REVENUE AND CUSTOMS IN THE U.K. UNDER SUCH CONDITIONS, PLOS CALCULATES AND ACCRUES THE APPLICABLE TAXES. PLOS IS NOT SUBJECT TO EXAMINATION BY TAXING AUTHORITIES, NOR WAS FOR ANY PRIOR YEARS. PLOS ASSESSES TAX POSITIONS TAKEN OR EXPECTED TO BE TAKEN AGAINST MORE-LIKELY-THAN-NOT RECOGNITION THRESHOLD AND MEASUREMENT ATTRIBUTES FOR FINANCIAL STATEMENT RECOGNITION. BASED ON AN ANALYSIS PREPARED BY PLOS, IT WAS DETERMINED THAT PLOS BELIEVES THAT IT HAS APPROPRIATE SUPPORT FOR ANY TAX POSITIONS TAKEN, AND AS SUCH, DOES NOT HAVE ANY UNCERTAIN TAX POSITIONS THAT ARE MATERIAL TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS. PART XI, LINE 2D - OTHER ADJUSTMENTS: LOSS ON EXCHANGE RATE -62,853. EUROPE (INCLUDING ICELAND & GREENLAND) - ALBANIA, ANDORRA, AUSTRIA, BELGIUM 1 65 PROGRAM SERVICES EDITORIAL SUPPORT TO SERVE U.S. OPERATIONS. 2809723 1 65 0 0 1 65 2809723 0 2809723 0 0 0 0 0 0 PART III ACCOUNTING METHOD: X X X X 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ALISON MUDDITT BOARD CHAIR/CEO 348968 0 0 0 0 0 13706 0 20642 0 383316 0 0 0 TODOR I GRIGOROV CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER (START 5/19) 170051 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 985 0 171036 0 0 0 VERONIQUE KIERMER PUBLISHER & EXEC EDITOR 286369 0 0 0 0 0 10701 0 17623 0 314693 0 0 0 REBEKAH DARKSMITH CHIEF MARKETING OFFICER 247344 0 0 0 0 0 7670 0 17515 0 272529 0 0 0 ROBYN ARVILLE CHIEF PEOPLE AND CULTURE (THRU 8/19) 167766 0 0 0 0 0 6897 0 11872 0 186535 0 0 0 ANN MICHAEL CHIEF DIGITAL OFFICER (START 8/19) 159440 0 0 0 0 0 6014 0 11956 0 177410 0 0 0 SUSAN AU DIR, FINANCE & ACCOUNTING(THRU12/19) 215249 0 0 0 0 0 8420 0 8339 0 232008 0 0 0 AARON DODDS DIRECTOR PRODUCT MGMT 198374 0 0 0 0 0 7996 0 9986 0 216356 0 0 0 JOERG D HERBER EDITOR-IN-CHIEF 189470 0 0 0 0 0 7987 0 27160 0 224617 0 0 0 CLARE E DEAN DIR, JOURNAL MKT & OUTREACH MKT. 179870 0 0 0 0 0 5813 0 16196 0 201879 0 0 0 KERRY KROFFE DIR, EDITORIAL SERVICES (THRU 8/19) 125672 0 0 0 53522 0 4982 0 5503 0 189679 0 0 0 RICHARD HEWITT FORMER CEO (THRU 12/18) 0 0 0 0 129360 0 0 0 0 0 129360 0 0 0 PART I, LINE 4A RICHARD HEWITT AND KERRY KROFFE RECEIVED SEVERANCE PAYMENT OF $129,360 AND $53,522 RESPECTIVELY IN 2019. THE AMOUNT WAS INCLUDED ON THE 2019 FORM W-2 AND ALSO REPORTED ON 2019 FORM 990, SCH J, PART II, COLUMN B(III). PART I, LINE 1 PLOS (PUBLIC LIBRARY OF SCIENCE) IS A NONPROFIT, OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHER EMPOWERING RESEARCHERS TO ACCELERATE PROGRESS IN SCIENCE AND MEDICINE BY LEADING A TRANSFORMATION IN RESEARCH COMMUNICATION. WE HAVE BEEN BREAKING BOUNDARIES SINCE OUR FOUNDING IN 2001. PLOS JOURNALS PROPELLED THE MOVEMENT FOR OA ALTERNATIVES TO SUBSCRIPTION JOURNALS. WE ESTABLISHED THE FIRST MULTI-DISCIPLINARY PUBLICATION INCLUSIVE OF ALL EXCELLENT RESEARCH REGARDLESS OF NOVELTY OR IMPACT AND DEMONSTRATED THE IMPORTANCE OF OPEN DATA AVAILABILITY. AS OPEN SCIENCE ADVANCES, WE CONTINUE TO EXPERIMENT TO PROVIDE MORE OPPORTUNITIES, CHOICE, AND CONTEXT FOR READERS AND RESEARCHERS. PLOS PUBLISHES A SUITE OF SEVEN INFLUENTIAL OPEN ACCESS JOURNALS ACROSS ALL AREAS OF SCIENCE AND MEDICINE. RIGOROUSLY REPORTED, PEER REVIEWED, AND IMMEDIATELY AVAILABLE WITHOUT RESTRICTIONS, THE JOURNALS PROMOTE THE WIDEST READERSHIP AND IMPACT POSSIBLE. WE STRIVE TO IMPLEMENT POLICIES AND INNOVATIONS THAT PROMOTE REPRODUCIBILITY, CREDIT, AND ACCOUNTABILITY TO FOSTER A CULTURE OF OPEN SCIENCE. OUR WORK IN THESE AREAS IS SUPPORTED BY THE EFFORTS OF A DIVERSE, INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHERS FROM HUNDREDS OF RESEARCH AREAS WHO PUBLISH AND REVIEW RIGOROUS RESEARCH OF ALL TYPES. SINCE 2003, PLOS HAS PUBLISHED MORE THAN 260,000 RESEARCH ARTICLES. IN 2019 ALONE PLOS PUBLISHED MORE THAN 18,000 RESEARCH ARTICLES DOCUMENTING THE OBSERVATIONS AND DISCOVERIES OF A DIVERSE SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY. A GLOBAL POOL OF MORE THAN 11,000 ACADEMIC EDITORS AND 65,000 REVIEWERS CONTRIBUTED TO BRINGING THIS WORK TO THE PUBLIC. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 11B FORM 990 IS PREPARED BY AN OUTSIDE TAX PROFESSIONAL WITH ASSISTANCE FROM THE ORGANIZATION. THE FORM IS THEN REVIEWED BY THE CFO AND MEMBERS FROM THE AUDIT COMMITTEE. AFTER REVIEW AND MODIFICATIONS WHERE NECESSARY, THE FINAL VERSION OF THE TAX RETURN IS PROVIDED TO THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS. THE CFO SIGNS AND FILES ALL REQUIRED TAX FILINGS. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 12C THE GENERAL COUNSEL AND SECRETARY OVERSEES THE ANNUAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST DISCLOSURE PROCESS. A COMMITTEE OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS REVIEWS ALL POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST AT LEAST ANNUALLY. THE CEO AND ALL BOARD MEMBERS ARE REQUIRED TO DISCLOSE (IN WRITING) POTENTIAL CONFLICTS AND ANY RELATED PARTY AFFILIATIONS. LOANS BETWEEN THE ORGANIZATION AND MEMBERS OF MANAGEMENT AND THE BOARD ARE STRICTLY PROHIBITED. THE ORGANIZATION SEEKS FULL TRANSPARENCY ON ALL RELATIONSHIPS. ANY POTENTIAL CONFLICTS (IN FACT OR APPEARANCE) ARE DISCUSSED OPENLY AND RESOLVED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE ORGANIZATION'S POLICIES AND PROCEDURES. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 15 THE COMPENSATION COMMITTEE OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS REVIEWS THE COMPENSATION OF ALL HIGH-LEVEL PERSONNEL ANNUALLY IN ACCORDANCE WITH IRS RULES AND REGULATIONS. EFFORTS ARE MADE TO SECURE COMPENSATION DATA FROM INDUSTRY SOURCES IN ORDER TO DETERMINE COMPETITIVENESS AND APPROPRIATENESS OF SALARIES AND BENEFITS. EVERY EFFORT IS MADE TO ENSURE THAT THE PROCESS IS THOROUGH AND TRANSPARENT IN ACCORDANCE WITH APPROPRIATE GOVERNANCE AND REGULATORY COMPLIANCE. THIS IS PERFORMED ANNUALLY AND THE PROCESS IS MANAGED BY THE HR DIRECTOR. REVIEW ENCOMPASSES CEO, CFO, EXECUTIVES AND KEY EMPLOYEES. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION C, LINE 19 PLOS MAKES ITS GOVERNING DOCUMENTS, CONFLICT OF INTEREST POLICY, AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AVAILABLE TO THE PUBLIC UPON REQUEST. THESE DOCUMENTS ARE ALSO POSTED ON OUR WEBSITE. FORM 990, PART XI, LINE 9: LOSS ON EXCHANGE RATE -62,853.