2025-08-29T10:45:59+00:00 2025-03-31 135381590 BDO USA 8401 GREENSBORO DR STE 800 MCLEAN VA 221023599 990 2024-04-01 237432162 CATO INSTITUTE CATO 2028420200 1000 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW WASHINGTON DC 20001 MARISSA DELGADO VP, FINANCE & CFO 2028420200 2025-08-29 true TODD TERESCO P00247720 7038930600 2025-08-28 2024 2025-03-06 01:10:19Z MARISSA DELGADO 1000 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW WASHINGTON DC 20001 67482807 false X WWW.CATO.ORG X 1974 KS TO PROMOTE THE PRINCIPLES OF INDIVIDUAL LIBERTY, LIMITED GOVERNMENT, FREE MARKETS, AND PEACE. 13 12 317 14 0 67085826 57383444 233514 371720 4191898 4688906 416569 377317 71927807 62821387 200000 232000 0 0 25146417 28144923 504000 508000 5807703 15983703 18485943 41834120 47370866 30093687 15450521 172218520 190480742 2142731 3404763 170075789 187075979 THE MISSION OF THE CATO INSTITUTE IS TO KEEP THE PRINCIPLES, IDEAS, AND MORAL CASE FOR LIBERTY ALIVE FOR FUTURE GENERATIONS, WHILE MOVING PUBLIC POLICY IN THE DIRECTION OF INDIVIDUAL LIBERTY, LIMITED GOVERNMENT, FREE MARKETS, AND PEACE. false false 24168665 153000 42160 PUBLIC POLICY & RESEARCH - OUR VISION IS A FREE AND OPEN SOCIETY IN WHICH LIBERTY ALLOWS EVERY INDIVIDUAL TO PURSUE A LIFE OF PROSPERITY AND MEANING IN PEACE. TO THAT END, OUR SCHOLARS AND ANALYSTS CONDUCT AND PUBLISH INDEPENDENT, NONPARTISAN RESEARCH ON A WIDE RANGE OF POLICY ISSUES ACROSS MORE THAN 14 RESEARCH AREAS, INCLUDING LAW AND CIVIL LIBERTIES, TAX AND BUDGET POLICY, REGULATORY STUDIES, HEALTH CARE AND WELFARE, EDUCATION, FINANCE, BANKING AND MONETARY POLICY, FOREIGN POLICY AND NATIONAL SECURITY, TRADE POLICY, AND INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT. 9143273 26500 371720 EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM - CATO HOSTS PUBLIC EVENTS AND CONFERENCES IN ORDER TO ENGAGE DIVERSE AUDIENCES ON OUR RESEARCH AND POLICY PRESCRIPTIONS. CATO ALSO PROACTIVELY INVESTS IN THE NEXT GENERATION THROUGH ITS STUDENT PROGRAMS. THESE INCLUDE OUR CATO INTERNSHIP PROGRAM AND JOHN RUSSELL PASLAQUA INTERN SEMINAR SERIES, OUR STUDENT BRIEFING PROGRAM, AND CATO UNIVERSITY, WHICH TEACHES COLLEGE STUDENTS FROM AROUND THE COUNTRY ABOUT AMERICA'S FOUNDING PRINCIPLES OF INDIVIDUAL LIBERTY, LIMITED GOVERNMENT, AND FREE ENTERPRISE. OUR SPHERE PROGRAM SUPPORTS MIDDLE AND HIGH SCHOOL EDUCATORS WITH THE KNOWLEDGE AND TOOLS TO OVERCOME POLARIZATION AND ADVANCE CIVIL DISCOURSE ON CONTENTIOUS ISSUES IN THE CLASSROOM. 4321015 52500 0 COMMUNICATIONS & EXTERNAL AFFAIRS - CATO SCHOLARS ENGAGE AND EDUCATE BROAD AUDIENCES ON OUR POLICY PRESCRIPTIONS BY DISSEMINATING OUR RESEARCH THROUGH SPEAKING ENGAGEMENTS, SOCIAL MEDIA, BRIEFINGS, OP-EDS AND BLOGS, PODCASTS, TELEVISION AND RADIO APPEARANCES, AND OUR WEBSITES, WHICH RECEIVE OVER 11 MILLION VISITS ANNUALLY. WE HAVE INVESTED SIGNIFICANTLY IN BUILDING A CATO DIGITAL PROGRAM TO SHOWCASE THIS CONTENT IN A DYNAMIC, ENGAGING, AND ACCESSIBLE WAY THROUGH ALL THESE CHANNELS. CATO SCHOLARS AND GOVERNMENT AFFAIRS PERSONNEL MEET WITH AND EDUCATE GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS AND THEIR STAFF ON A VARIETY OF PUBLIC POLICY ISSUES, ADVANCING SOLUTIONS BASED ON THE PRINCIPLES OF INDIVIDUAL LIBERTY, LIMITED GOVERNMENT, FREE MARKETS, AND PEACE. CATO HOSTS A QUARTERLY CONGRESSIONAL FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM GEARED TO SHARE OUR RESEARCH AND FOSTER GREATER ENGAGEMENT ON MAJOR PUBLIC POLICY ISSUES. Scholars regularly offer congressional testimony related to their fields of research. 37632953 true true false false false false false false false true true false false false true true true false false true true false false true false false false true false true false false false false false false false false false false true false false false false false false false false false true 226 0 true 317 true false false false false false true true false false false false false false X 13 12 false false false false false false false true true false false false true true true true true true true false false false CA CO CT DC FL GA AL HI IL KS KY ME AK MD MA MI MN MS MO NV NH NJ NM NY NC ND OH OK OR PA RI SC TN UT VA AR WA WV WI X X MARISSA DELGADO 2028420200 1000 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW WASHINGTON DC 20001 HOWARD S RICH DIRECTOR, VICE CHAIRMAN, EXECUTIVE OFFICER 2.5 X X 0 0 0 JAMES M LAPEYRE JR DIRECTOR, CHAIRMAN, EXECUTIVE OFFICER 2.5 X X 0 0 0 PETER GOETTLER PRESIDENT AND CEO 40.0 X X 711629 0 54249 BARON BOND DIRECTOR 2.5 X 0 0 0 DAVID C HUMPHREYS DIRECTOR 2.5 X 0 0 0 EILEEN S LEECH DIRECTOR (THRU 08/20/2024) 2.5 X 0 0 0 FRED YOUNG DIRECTOR 2.5 X 0 0 0 JAMES M KILTS DIRECTOR 2.5 X 0 0 0 JOHN A ALLISON DIRECTOR (THRU 01/10/2025) 2.5 X 0 0 0 JOHN P MACKEY DIRECTOR 2.5 X 0 0 0 KENNETH LEVY DIRECTOR 2.5 X 0 0 0 KENNETH R FRENCH DIRECTOR 2.5 X 0 0 0 LAURA HOLMES JOST DIRECTOR 2.5 X 0 0 0 ROBERT A TAYLOR DIRECTOR 2.5 X 0 0 0 ROBERT GELFOND DIRECTOR 2.5 X 0 0 0 MARISSA DELGADO SECRETARY, VP, FINANCE & CFO 40.0 X 216517 0 32097 HARRISON MOAR VP FOR DEVELOPMENT 40.0 X 219948 0 24899 STEPHEN KURTZ VP, CHIEF DIGITAL OFFICER 40.0 X 313592 0 42802 CLARK NEILY SR VP FOR LEGAL STUDIES 40.0 X 235896 0 39907 GENE HEALY SENIOR VP FOR POLICY 40.0 X 239165 0 40022 MICHAEL CANNON DIRECTOR OF HEALTH POLICY 40.0 X 225730 0 24930 NORBERT MICHEL VP, DIRECTOR, MONETARY&FINANCIAL 40.0 X 247637 0 40536 SCOTT LINCICOME VP, GENERAL ECONOMICS & TRADE 40.0 X 245178 0 38826 2655292 0 338268 77 false true false COMMUNITY COUNSELLING SERVICES CO LLC 527 MADISON AVENUE 5TH FLOOR NEW YORK NY 10022 FUNDRAISING CONSULTING SERVICES 508000 KRISTI KENDALL & CO INC 135 EASTERN PARKWAY BROOKLYN NY 11238 VIDEO PRODUCTION SERVICES 445750 A57 DIGITAL CONSULTING LLC 610 WATER STREET SW WASHINGTON DC 20024 PRODUCTION CONSULTING SERVICES 286930 PROFESSIONAL MAINTENANCE CO 11921 FREEDOM DRIVE RESTON VA 20190 JANITORIAL SERVICES 178704 JAVELIN GROUP LLC 203 SOUTH UNION STREET SUITE 200 ALEXANDRIA VA 22314 PUBLICITY CONSULTING SERVICES 162000 7 57383444 1376417 57383444 CONFERENCES 900099 371720 371720 0 0 0 0 0 0 371720 4673808 0 0 4673808 23978 0 0 23978 0 0 4502879 4487780 15099 0 15098 0 0 15098 0 215801 173640 42160 42160 0 0 OTHER INCOME 900099 329281 0 0 329281 SPLIT INTEREST 900099 -18102 0 0 -18102 0 0 0 0 311179 62821387 413880 0 5024063 232000 232000 1704581 513671 484702 706208 21611257 18766209 1224110 1620938 1030509 899333 56320 74856 2031116 1709414 132354 189348 1767460 1460082 130100 177278 218897 53315 165582 0 80375 0 80375 0 508000 508000 2548953 2065579 333887 149487 417350 396183 8543 12624 3354486 2070343 216018 1068125 970730 739754 131965 99011 45169 45169 0 0 1563611 1161226 229747 172638 2857184 2310170 152762 394252 3156415 2620079 233766 302570 17122 16165 386 571 1590373 1267771 130202 192400 167979 134033 14287 19659 HONORARIUM 557500 557500 DUES AND SUBSCRIPTIONS 353141 292417 42343 18381 ALL OTHER EXPENSES 586658 322539 162762 101357 0 0 0 0 47370866 37632952 3930211 5807703 X 1241587 748796 154140 338651 334295 389105 38051699 1602122 3678656 2410917 0 0 0 0 523515 317092 730855 669998 52626723 22230740 31854544 30395983 96629638 152208444 0 0 415318 2487081 172218520 190480742 1870719 2732570 103684 198712 0 0 168328 473481 2142731 3404763 X 160217226 178214703 9858563 8861276 170075789 187075979 172218520 190480742 15450521 1549669 0 X false true true false X 41647052 44266356 55743874 67085826 57383444 266126552 0 0 41647052 44266356 55743874 67085826 57383444 266126552 46029317 220097235 912951 1082623 1502096 3903258 4697786 12098714 0 151176 156326 312976 232909 311179 1164566 279389832 2451203 0.78778 0.7962 X Schedule A, Part II, Line 10 Other Income DESCRIPTION - OTHER INCOME, COLUMN A - 144100.0, COLUMN B - 132506.0, COLUMN C - 311249.0, COLUMN D - 184432.0, COLUMN E - 329281.0, COLUMN F - 1101568.0; DESCRIPTION - SPLIT INTEREST INCOME, COLUMN A - 7076.0, COLUMN B - 23820.0, COLUMN C - 1727.0, COLUMN D - 48477.0, COLUMN E - -18102.0, COLUMN F - 62998.0; RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED 3346915 238379 218362 0 3366932 3012751 526911 192747 0 3346915 3241039 -188046 40242 0 3012751 3252347 31036 42344 0 3241039 3028158 264512 40298 25 3252347 0.0 1.0 0.0 false false 9656037 9656037 37798037 18361447 19436590 2696353 1428729 1267624 2476296 2440564 35732 30395983 Federal Income Taxes CAPITAL LEASE OBLIGATION 205824 FINANCE LEASE OBLIGATION 267657 473481 X 65006438 1549669 461742 173640 2185051 62821387 0 0 62821387 48006248 461742 173640 635382 47370866 0 0 47370866 Schedule D, Part V, Line 4 Intended uses of endowment funds TO SUPPORT THE OPERATIONAL COSTS OF CATO'S ROBERT A. LEVY CENTER FOR CONSTITUTIONAL STUDIES AND CATO'S CENTER FOR MONETARY AND FINANCIAL ALTERNATIVES THROUGH THE ANNUAL EARNINGS OF THE ENDOWMENT NET ASSETS. Schedule D, Part X, Line 2 FIN 48 (ASC 740) footnote CATO IS EXEMPT FROM FEDERAL INCOME TAXES ON ITS EXEMPT ACTIVITIES UNDER SECTION 501(C)(3) OF THE INTERNAL REVENUE CODE (THE CODE) AND HAS BEEN DESIGNATED BY THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE AS A PUBLICLY SUPPORTED ORGANIZATION UNDER SECTION 509(A)(1) OF THE CODE. ALTHOUGH CATO IS GENERALLY EXEMPT FROM INCOME TAX, CATO IS SUBJECT TO UNRELATED BUSINESS INCOME TAXES UNDER SECTION 512 OF THE CODE, AS WELL AS SUBJECT TO EXCISE TAX ON EXCESS LOBBYING EXPENSES. CATO BELIEVES IT HAS APPROPRIATE SUPPORT FOR ANY TAX POSITION TAKEN AND, AS SUCH, DOES NOT HAVE ANY UNCERTAIN TAX POSITIONS THAT ARE MATERIAL TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS. CATO RECOGNIZES INTEREST EXPENSE AND PENALTIES RELATED TO INCOME TAXES ON UNCERTAIN TAX POSITIONS IN MANAGEMENT AND GENERAL EXPENSES ON THE STATEMENTS OF ACTIVITIES AND CHANGE IN NET ASSETS AND ACCOUNTS PAYABLE AND ACCRUED EXPENSES IN THE STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION. NO INTEREST EXPENSE AND PENALTIES RELATED TO INCOME TAXES ON UNCERTAIN TAX POSITIONS WERE RECOGNIZED FOR THE YEARS ENDED MARCH 31, 2025 AND 2024. CATO FILES INCOME TAX RETURNS IN THE U.S FEDERAL JURISDICTION. IN ACCORDANCE WITH FASB ASC 740, INCOME TAXES, CATO RECOGNIZES TAX LIABILITIES FOR UNCERTAIN TAX POSITIONS WHEN IT IS MORE LIKELY THAN NOT THAT A TAX POSITION WILL NOT BE SUSTAINED UPON EXAMINATION AND SETTLEMENT WITH VARIOUS TAXING AUTHORITIES. LIABILITIES FOR UNCERTAIN TAX POSITIONS ARE MEASURED BASED UPON THE LARGEST AMOUNT OF BENEFIT THAT IS GREATER THAN 50% LIKELY OF BEING REALIZED UPON SETTLEMENT. THE GUIDANCE ON ACCOUNTING FOR UNCERTAINTY IN INCOME TAXES ALSO ADDRESSES DE-RECOGNITION, CLASSIFICATION, INTEREST AND PENALTIES ON INCOME TAXES, AND ACCOUNTING IN INTERIM PERIODS. WITH A FEW EXCEPTIONS, CATO IS NO LONGER SUBJECT TO INCOME TAX EXAMINATIONS BY THE U.S. FEDERAL, STATE OR LOCAL TAX AUTHORITIES FOR YEARS BEFORE FISCAL YEAR 2022. MANAGEMENT HAS EVALUATED CATO'S TAX POSITIONS AND CONCLUDED THAT CATO HAS TAKEN NO UNCERTAIN TAX POSITIONS THAT REQUIRE ADJUSTMENT TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS TO COMPLY WITH THE PROVISIONS OF THIS GUIDANCE. Schedule D, Part XI, Line 2(d) Other revenues in audited financial statements not in form 990 COST OF SALES - 173640 Schedule D, Part XII, Line 2(d) Other expenses in audited financial statements not in form 990 COST OF SALES - 173640 true Central America and the Caribbean 0 1 Program Services PUBLIC POLICY & RESEARCH 1400 East Asia and the Pacific 0 8 Program Services PUBLIC POLICY & RESEARCH 16790 Europe (Including Iceland and Greenland) 0 24 Program Services PUBLIC POLICY & RESEARCH 677911 North America (Canada & Mexico only) 0 1 Program Services PUBLIC POLICY & RESEARCH 750 Russia and Neighboring States 0 1 Program Services PUBLIC POLICY & RESEARCH 48500 South America 0 0 Program Services EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS 827440 South America 0 3 Program Services PUBLIC POLICY & RESEARCH 83917 0 38 0 0 0 38 1656708 0 1656708 false false false false false false Schedule F, Part I, Line 2 Procedures for monitoring use of grant funds PROGRAMS ARE SUPERVISED BY PROJECT MANAGERS WHO PROVIDE OVERSIGHT, APPROVE PAYMENTS, AND PROVIDE AN ACCOUNTING OF FUNDS SPENT. Schedule F, Part I, Line 3 Method used to account for expenditures on org's financial statements CENTRAL AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN-Accrual; EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFIC-Accrual; EUROPE (INCLUDING ICELAND AND GREENLAND)-Accrual; NORTH AMERICA (CANADA & MEXICO ONLY)-Accrual; RUSSIA AND NEIGHBORING STATES-Accrual; SOUTH AMERICA-Accrual X X X X true COMMUNITY COUNSELLING SERVICES CO LLC 527 MADISON AVENUE NEW YORK NY 10022 FUNDRAISING CONSULTING false 0 508000 -508000 0 508000 -508000 CA CO CT DC FL GA AL HI IL KS KY ME AK MD MA MI MN MS MO NV NH NJ NM NY NC ND OH OK OR PA RI SC TN UT VA AR WA WV WI true AMERICA'S FUTURE FOUNDATION 1367 CT AVE NW WASHINGTON DC 20036 521928321 501(c)(3) 60000 GENERAL SUPPORT ROOTS OF PROGRESS 9450 SW GEMINI DR PMB 74328 BEAVERTON OR 97008 863502300 501(c)(3) 50000 EVENT SUPPORT AMERICAN LEGISLATIVE EXCHANGE COUNCIL 2900 CRYSTAL DR STE 600 ARLINGTON VA 22202 520140979 501(c)(3) 34000 GENERAL SUPPORT CENTER FOR CIVIL SOCIETY 5885 COLLEEN DRIVE TROY MI 48085 204509029 501(c)(3) 25000 EVENT SUPPORT STUDENTS FOR LIBERTY 1750 TYSONS BLVD STE 1500 MCLEAN VA 22102 943435899 501(c)(3) 20500 EVENT SUPPORT YOUNG AMERICANS FOR LIBERTY INC 500 NORTH CAPITAL OF TEXAS HIGHWAY BUILDING 5 SUITE 100 AUSTIN TX 78746 262417908 501(c)(4) 15000 EVENT SUPPORT ONE AMERICA MOVEMENT 4450 MITCHELLVILLE RD 1021 BOWIE MD 20716 845006315 501(c)(3) 12500 COLLABORATION OF EVENTS YOUNG AMERICANS FOR LIBERTY FOUNDATION 500 NORTH CAPITAL OF TEXAS HIGHWAY BUILDING 5 SUITE 100 AUSTIN TX 78746 453503672 501(c)(3) 10000 EVENT SUPPORT 7 1 Schedule I, Part I, Line 2 Procedures for monitoring use of grant funds PROGRAMS ARE SUPERVISED BY PROJECT MANAGERS WHO PROVIDE OVERSIGHT, APPROVE PAYMENTS, AND PROVIDE AN ACCOUNTING OF FUNDS SPENT. X X true true X X X X false false false false false false false false false PETER GOETTLER PRESIDENT AND CEO 711629 0 0 0 0 0 37950 0 16299 0 765878 0 0 0 MARISSA DELGADO SECRETARY, VP, FINANCE & CFO 216517 0 0 0 0 0 15707 0 16390 0 248614 0 0 0 STEPHEN KURTZ VP, CHIEF DIGITAL OFFICER 313592 0 0 0 0 0 20280 0 22522 0 356394 0 0 0 HARRISON MOAR VP FOR DEVELOPMENT 219948 0 0 0 0 0 15851 0 9048 0 244847 0 0 0 SCOTT LINCICOME VP, GENERAL ECONOMICS & TRADE 234678 0 10500 0 0 0 17367 0 21459 0 284004 0 0 0 NORBERT MICHEL VP, DIRECTOR, MONETARY&FINANCIAL 235137 0 12500 0 0 0 18115 0 22421 0 288173 0 0 0 GENE HEALY SENIOR VP FOR POLICY 229165 0 10000 0 0 0 17500 0 22522 0 279187 0 0 0 CLARK NEILY SR VP FOR LEGAL STUDIES 235896 0 0 0 0 0 17400 0 22507 0 275803 0 0 0 MICHAEL CANNON DIRECTOR OF HEALTH POLICY 222230 0 3500 0 0 0 15835 0 9095 0 250660 0 0 0 Schedule J, Part I, Line 1a First-class or charter travel CATO INSTITUTE HAS ESTABLISHED A TRAVEL POLICY THAT SOMETIMES PERMITS FIRST CLASS TRAVEL AND COMPANION TRAVEL FOR SELECT EMPLOYEES AND EXECUTIVES. FIRST CLASS TRAVEL MAY BE ALLOWED DEPENDING UPON FACTORS SUCH AS DISTANCE, FREQUENCY AND LENGTH OF TRAVEL, TIME OF DAY (E.G. OVERNIGHT FLIGHTS), AND OTHER CONSIDERATIONS RELEVANT TO ENSURING THAT THESE INDIVIDUALS CAN TRAVEL IN A MANNER THAT ALLOWS THEM TO PERFORM THEIR DUTIES EFFECTIVELY AND EFFICIENTLY. THE INSTITUTE ALLOWS COMPANION TRAVEL FOR SPOUSES OF CERTAIN OFFICERS OF THE INSTITUTE WHEN THE PRESENCE OF A COMPANION IS NECESSARY FOR THE BUSINESS PURPOSE OF THE TRIP. ALL SUCH TRAVEL IS DOCUMENTED TO ENSURE COMPLIANCE WITH CATO'S POLICIES AND PROCEDURES. 46 1264402 Market value X CRYPTOCURRENCY 9 112015 Market value 0 false true false Schedule M, Part I COLUMN(B): COLUMN B REPRESENTS THE NUMBER OF CONTRIBUTIONS. Form 990, Part VI, Line 11b Review of form 990 by governing body PROCESS USED TO REVIEW FORM 990: A DRAFT 990 IS PROVIDED TO EACH DIRECTOR FOR REVIEW AND COMMENT PRIOR TO FINALIZATION. Form 990, Part VI, Line 12c Conflict of interest policy MONITORING AND ENFORCEMENT OF COMPLIANCE WITH CONFLICT OF INTEREST POLICY: CATO ANNUALLY REVIEWS CONFLICT OF INTEREST DISCLOSURES. IF A POTENTIAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST ARISES, THE CONFLICTS PANEL WILL PERFORM AN INVESTIGATION. THE CONFLICTS PANEL DETERMINES IF IN FACT A FAILURE TO DISCLOSE A CONFLICT HAS OCCURRED AND THE PANEL WILL TAKE APPROPRIATE AND CORRECTIVE ACTION. Form 990, Part VI, Line 15a Process to establish compensation of top management official PROCESS FOR DETERMINING COMPENSATION: AN INDEPENDENT CONTRACTOR REVIEWS THE COMPENSATION/BENEFITS OF THE PRESIDENT & CEO. THE BOARD DISCUSSES AND APPROVES EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION/BENEFITS BASED ON RESULTS OF THE INDEPENDENT STUDY. Form 990, Part VI, Line 19 Required documents available to the public HOW THE ORGANIZATION MAKES ORGANIZING DOCUMENTS AVAILABLE TO THE PUBLIC: CATO'S BYLAWS, ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION, FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND CONFLICT OF INTEREST POLICY ARE AVAILABLE TO ANYONE WHO REQUESTS THEM. FURTHER, CATO HAS ALWAYS COMPLIED, AND WILL CONTINUE TO COMPLY, WITH THE MANDATE THAT FORM 990 BE MADE PUBLICLY AVAILABLE.