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        <ExplanationTxt>The Organization is not classified as a private foundation and is exempt from federal and state income taxes under section 501(c)3 of the Internal Revenue Code and Section 23701(d) of the California Code. The Organization is considered a publicly supported organization. The Financial Accounting Standards Board prescribes a recognition threshold and a measurement attribute for financial statement recognition of tax positions taken or expected to be taken on a tax return. Management has evaluated its uncertain tax positions and related income tax contingencies and does not believe any material uncertain tax positions exist.</ExplanationTxt>
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          <BusinessNameLine1Txt>The Trustees of Columbia Univ</BusinessNameLine1Txt>
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        <USAddress>
          <AddressLine1Txt>61 Rout 9W</AddressLine1Txt>
          <CityNm>Palisades</CityNm>
          <StateAbbreviationCd>NY</StateAbbreviationCd>
          <ZIPCd>10964</ZIPCd>
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        <RecipientEIN>135598093</RecipientEIN>
        <CashGrantAmt>12200</CashGrantAmt>
        <NonCashAssistanceAmt>0</NonCashAssistanceAmt>
        <PurposeOfGrantTxt>Seismology Student Workshop</PurposeOfGrantTxt>
      </RecipientTable>
      <Total501c3OrgCnt>1</Total501c3OrgCnt>
      <TotalOtherOrgCnt>0</TotalOtherOrgCnt>
      <GrantsOtherAsstToIndivInUSGrp>
        <GrantTypeTxt>Travel Grants</GrantTypeTxt>
        <RecipientCnt>26</RecipientCnt>
        <CashGrantAmt>50704</CashGrantAmt>
        <NonCashAssistanceAmt>16690</NonCashAssistanceAmt>
        <ValuationMethodUsedDesc>Cost</ValuationMethodUsedDesc>
        <NonCashAssistanceDesc>Travel expenses, registration fees</NonCashAssistanceDesc>
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    <IRS990ScheduleJ documentId="IRS990ScheduleJ" softwareId="19009920" softwareVersionNum="2019v5.0">
      <CompensationCommitteeInd>X</CompensationCommitteeInd>
      <WrittenEmploymentContractInd>X</WrittenEmploymentContractInd>
      <BoardOrCommitteeApprovalInd>X</BoardOrCommitteeApprovalInd>
      <SeverancePaymentInd>false</SeverancePaymentInd>
      <SupplementalNonqualRtrPlanInd>false</SupplementalNonqualRtrPlanInd>
      <EquityBasedCompArrngmInd>false</EquityBasedCompArrngmInd>
      <CompBasedOnRevenueOfFlngOrgInd>false</CompBasedOnRevenueOfFlngOrgInd>
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      <CompBsdNetEarnsFlngOrgInd>false</CompBsdNetEarnsFlngOrgInd>
      <CompBsdNetEarnsRltdOrgsInd>false</CompBsdNetEarnsRltdOrgsInd>
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        <PersonNm>Nan Broadbent</PersonNm>
        <TitleTxt>Executive Dir.</TitleTxt>
        <BaseCompensationFilingOrgAmt>172892</BaseCompensationFilingOrgAmt>
        <BonusFilingOrganizationAmount>5288</BonusFilingOrganizationAmount>
        <DeferredCompensationFlngOrgAmt>16036</DeferredCompensationFlngOrgAmt>
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    <IRS990ScheduleO documentId="IRS990ScheduleO" softwareId="19009920" softwareVersionNum="2019v5.0">
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Form 990, Part VI, Line 6: Explanation of Classes of Members or Shareholder</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>The Organization is composed of members who pay a membership fee.</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Form 990, Part VI, Line 7a: How Members or Shareholders Elect Governing Body</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>The Organization is composed of members who vote to elect Directors annually. This election and voting process is supervised by the membership manager and is run by an independent firm, Elections America.</ExplanationTxt>
      </SupplementalInformationDetail>
      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Form 990, Part VI, Line 7b: Describe Decisions of Governing Body Approval by Members or Shareholders</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>Bylaw amendments</ExplanationTxt>
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      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Form 990, Part VI, Line 11b: Form 990 Review Process</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>The Society publishes the completed Form 990 in the Leadership section of our website and asks the board to review the form before it is filed.</ExplanationTxt>
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      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Form 990, Part VI, Line 12c: Explanation of Monitoring and Enforcement of Conflicts</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>Leaders are asked to review the Conflict of Interest policy and sign an acknowledgement of receipt and understanding annually.</ExplanationTxt>
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      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Form 990, Part VI, Line 15a: Compensation Review &amp; Approval Process - CEO, Top Management</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>The Board has appointed a Management Committee that sets performance objectives for the CEO and assesses the performance annually. The committee makes salary recommendations to the Board. Every few years, this committee uses the services of a compensation consultant to ensure that the salary is comparable to other CEOs of similar organizations of similar size.</ExplanationTxt>
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      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Form 990, Part VI, Line 15b: Compensation Review and Approval Process for Officers and Key Employees</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>By Board policy, compensation for staff other than the CEO is set by the CEO, consistent with budget amounts approved by the Board. The CEO periodically uses a compensation consultant to ensure that salaries are comparable to those at similar organizations.</ExplanationTxt>
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      <SupplementalInformationDetail>
        <FormAndLineReferenceDesc>Form 990, Part VI, Line 19: Other Organization Documents Publicly Available</FormAndLineReferenceDesc>
        <ExplanationTxt>Our Bylaws are posted in the public area of our website. Our audited financial statements are published annually in our journal, Seismological Research Letters. Minutes of our annual Board of Directors meeting are published in SRL as well. Our Board policies, including the Conflict of Interest Policy, are posted in the leadership section of our website as are minutes of Board conference calls, key committees, etc. Our Form 990 is available by request.</ExplanationTxt>
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