2023-05-12T21:18:20-05:00 2022-06-30 ERNST & YOUNG US LLP 4365 EXECUTIVE DR SUITE 1600 SAN DIEGO CA 92121 990 2021-07-01 952160097 THE SALK INSTITUTE FOR BIOLOGICAL STUDIES % KIMBERLY CASTILLO SALK 8584534100 10010 N TORREY PINES ROAD LA JOLLA CA 920371002 KIM E WITMER TREAS/SVP FIN/ADMIN 8584534100 2023-05-10 true KIM E WITMER 999009999 JOCELYNE MILLER P00634378 8585357200 2 2021 2023-04-26 12:10:37Z GERALD JOYCE 10010 N TORREY PINES ROAD LA JOLLA CA 920371002 240511943 false X WWW.SALK.EDU X 1960 CA BASIC RESEARCH IN THE FOLLOWING: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY & GENETICS, NEUROSCIENCE, AND PLANT BIOLOGY. 31 27 1190 27 327402 0 176855692 138719997 0 0 29938735 18520658 4453690 5093785 211248117 162334440 0 0 0 0 85285453 88780643 0 0 6008673 63065534 72611028 148350987 161391671 62897130 942769 802933823 759827038 133384192 144378095 669549631 615448943 X INVOLVED IN RESEARCH ACTIVITIES, THE OBJECTIVES OF WHICH ARE THE ADVANCEMENT AND DISSEMINATION OF KNOWLEDGE RELEVANT TO THE HEALTH AND WELLBEING OF MAN. THE OBJECTIVES ARE MET PRIMARILY THROUGH RESEARCH AND ADVANCED INSTRUCTION IN (A) BIOLOGY, (B) THE CAUSE, PREVENTION AND CURE OF DISEASES, AND (C) THE FACTORS AND CIRCUMSTANCES CONDUCIVE TO THE FULFILLMENT OF MAN'S BIOLOGICAL POTENTIAL. false false 134155492 0 0 RESEARCHERS IDENTIFY NEURONS INVOLVED IN OVERDOSE DEATHS - IT'S LONG BEEN KNOWN THAT OPIOID OVERDOSE DEATHS ARE CAUSED BY DISRUPTED BREATHING, BUT THE ACTUAL MECHANISM BY WHICH THESE DRUGS SUPPRESS RESPIRATION WAS NOT UNDERSTOOD. NOW, A NEW STUDY BY SALK SCIENTISTS HAS IDENTIFIED A GROUP OF NEURONS IN THE BRAINSTEM THAT PLAYS A KEY ROLE IN THIS PROCESS. THE FINDINGS SHOW HOW TRIGGERING SPECIFIC RECEPTORS IN THESE NEURONS CAUSES OPIOID-INDUCED RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION, OR OIRD, THE DISRUPTED BREATHING THAT CAUSES OVERDOSE DEATHS. IT ALSO SHOWS HOW BLOCKING THESE RECEPTORS CAN CAUSE OIRD TO BE REVERSED. THE STUDY WAS PUBLISHED JUNE 8 IN THE JOURNAL PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. [8/12/2021] BENEFITS OF TIME-RESTRICTED EATING DEPEND ON AGE AND SEX - TIME-RESTRICTED EATING (TRE), A DIETARY REGIMEN THAT RESTRICTS EATING TO SPECIFIC HOURS, HAS GARNERED INCREASED ATTENTION IN WEIGHT-LOSS CIRCLES. A NEW STUDY BY SALK SCIENTISTS FURTHER SHOWS THAT TRE CONFERS MULTIPLE HEALTH BENEFITS BESIDES WEIGHT LOSS. THE STUDY ALSO SHOWS THAT THESE BENEFITS MAY DEPEND ON SEX AND AGE. MOST TRE STUDIES FOCUS ON WEIGHT LOSS IN YOUNG MALE MICE, BUT SALK SCIENTISTS WANTED TO DETERMINE WHETHER TRE CONFERS ADDITIONAL BENEFITS ON OTHER POPULATIONS. THEIR FINDINGS SHOW THAT WHILE AGE AND SEX DO AFFECT THE OUTCOMES OF TRE, THE EATING STRATEGY DELIVERS MULTIPLE HEALTH BENEFITS FOR YOUNG AND OLD OF BOTH SEXES, AND INDICATES THAT TRE MAY BE A VALUABLE INTERVENTION FOR TYPE 2 DIABETES, FATTY LIVER DISEASE, AND LIVER CANCER, AND EVEN INFECTIOUS DISEASES SUCH AS COVID-19, IN HUMANS. THE WORK WAS PUBLISHED IN CELL REPORTS ON AUGUST 17. [8/17/2021] RESEARCH REVEALS HOW SUBTLE CHANGES IN A MICRORNA MAY LEAD TO ALS - WHEN PEOPLE THINK ABOUT THE CONNECTION BETWEEN GENES AND DISEASE, THEY OFTEN ENVISION SOMETHING THAT WORKS LIKE A LIGHT SWITCH: WHEN THE GENE IS NORMAL, THE PERSON CARRYING IT DOES NOT HAVE THE DISEASE. IF IT GETS MUTATED, A SWITCH IS FLIPPED, AND THEN THEY DO HAVE IT. BUT IT'S NOT ALWAYS THAT SIMPLE. DISEASE-RELATED GENES OFTEN HAVE DIFFERENT DEGREES TO WHICH THEY ARE TURNED ON OR OFF. IN THESE CASES, THERE IS A TIPPING POINT: WITH ONLY AN INCREMENTAL BIOLOGICAL CHANGE AROUND A CRITICAL THRESHOLD, A PERSON CAN GO FROM HAVING NO SYMPTOMS TO BEING VERY SICK. THE LATEST RESEARCH ON THIS TOPIC FROM THE SALK INSTITUTE HAS IMPLICATIONS FOR STUDYING AND TREATING THE UNDERLYING CAUSES OF AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS (ALS) AND OTHER NEUROLOGICAL AND PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS. THE WORK, WHICH WAS PUBLISHED IN NEURON ON AUGUST 26, COULD ALSO BE APPLICABLE TO A WIDE RANGE OF DISEASES INVOLVING CHANGES IN GENE EXPRESSION LEVELS, LIKE CANCER. [8/26/2021] SALK TEAMS ADVANCE EFFORTS TO TREAT, PREVENT, AND CURE BRAIN DISORDERS, VIA NIH BRAIN ATLAS - IT TAKES BILLIONS OF CELLS TO MAKE A HUMAN BRAIN, AND SCIENTISTS HAVE LONG STRUGGLED TO MAP THIS COMPLEX NETWORK OF NEURONS. NOW, DOZENS OF RESEARCH TEAMS AROUND THE COUNTRY, LED IN PART BY SALK SCIENTISTS, HAVE MADE INROADS INTO CREATING AN ATLAS OF THE MOUSE BRAIN AS A FIRST STEP TOWARD A HUMAN BRAIN ATLAS. THE RESEARCHERS, COLLABORATING AS PART OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF HEALTH'S BRAIN INITIATIVE CELL CENSUS NETWORK (BICCN), REPORT THE NEW DATA ON OCTOBER 6 IN A SPECIAL ISSUE OF THE JOURNAL NATURE. THE RESULTS DESCRIBE HOW DIFFERENT CELL TYPES ARE ORGANIZED AND CONNECTED THROUGHOUT THE MOUSE BRAIN. [10/6/2021] SALK SCIENTISTS REVEAL MOST COMMONLY MUTATED GENE IN ALL CANCERS - FOR THE PAST FIFTEEN YEARS, CANCER RESEARCHERS HAVE BEEN USING DNA SEQUENCING TECHNOLOGY TO IDENTIFY THE GENE MUTATIONS THAT CAUSE DIFFERENT FORMS OF CANCER. NOW, SALK ASSISTANT PROFESSOR EDWARD STITES AND HIS TEAM OF COMPUTATIONAL SCIENTISTS HAVE COMBINED GENE MUTATION INFORMATION WITH CANCER PREVALENCE DATA TO REVEAL THE GENETIC BASIS OF CANCER IN THE ENTIRE POPULATION OF CANCER PATIENTS IN THE UNITED STATES. THE STUDY REVEALS HOW COMMONLY EACH GENE IN THE GENOME IS MUTATED WITHIN THE CANCER PATIENT POPULATION. THE FINDINGS, PUBLISHED IN NATURE COMMUNICATIONS ON OCTOBER 13, COULD HELP GUIDE GENETIC RESEARCH TO DEVELOP MORE EFFECTIVE TREATMENTS THAN PRESENTLY AVAILABLE. [10/13/2021] HOW THE BRAIN IGNORES DISTRACTING INFORMATION TO COORDINATE MOVEMENTS - SALK RESEARCHERS DISCOVERED HOW NEURONS IN A SMALL AREA OF THE MAMMALIAN BRAIN HELP FILTER DISTRACTING OR DISRUPTIVE SIGNALS-SPECIFICALLY FROM THE HANDS-TO COORDINATE DEXTEROUS MOVEMENTS. THEIR RESULTS, PUBLISHED IN THE JOURNAL SCIENCE ON OCTOBER 14, 2021, MAY HOLD LESSONS IN HOW THE BRAIN FILTERS OTHER SENSORY INFORMATION AS WELL. [10/14/2021] CALL-AND-RESPONSE CIRCUIT TELLS NEURONS WHEN TO GROW SYNAPSES - BRAIN CELLS CALLED ASTROCYTES PLAY A KEY ROLE IN HELPING NEURONS DEVELOP AND FUNCTION PROPERLY, BUT THERE'S STILL A LOT SCIENTISTS DON'T UNDERSTAND ABOUT HOW ASTROCYTES PERFORM THESE IMPORTANT JOBS. NOW, A TEAM OF SCIENTISTS LED BY ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR NICOLA ALLEN HAS FOUND ONE WAY THAT NEURONS AND ASTROCYTES WORK TOGETHER TO FORM HEALTHY CONNECTIONS CALLED SYNAPSES. THIS INSIGHT INTO NORMAL ASTROCYTE FUNCTION COULD HELP SCIENTISTS BETTER UNDERSTAND DISORDERS LINKED TO PROBLEMS WITH NEURONAL DEVELOPMENT, INCLUDING AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS. THE STUDY WAS PUBLISHED SEPTEMBER 8, 2021, IN THE JOURNAL ELIFE. [10/25/2021] LONG-LIVED PROTEINS IN MITOCHONDRIA OF THE BRAIN STABILIZE PROTEIN COMPLEXES - MITOCHONDRIA ARE KNOWN AS THE POWERHOUSES OF THE CELL, GENERATING THE ENERGY THAT'S NEEDED TO FUEL THE FUNCTIONS THAT OUR CELLS CARRY OUT. NOW, SCIENTISTS AT THE SALK INSTITUTE AND UC SAN DIEGO HAVE TAKEN A CLOSER LOOK AT HOW MITOCHONDRIA ARE MAINTAINED IN NONDIVIDING CELLS, SUCH AS NEURONS, WITH THE ULTIMATE GOAL OF DEVELOPING A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF HOW TO PREVENT OR TREAT AGE-RELATED DISEASES. THE RESEARCHERS FOUND THAT MANY OF THE PROTEINS IN MITOCHONDRIA LAST MUCH LONGER THAN EXPECTED, AND THAT THIS STABILITY LIKELY PROTECTS THEM FROM DAMAGE. THE FINDINGS WERE PUBLISHED OCTOBER 28, 2021, IN DEVELOPMENTAL CELL. [10/28/2021] UNCOVERING HOW INJURY TO THE PANCREAS IMPACTS CANCER FORMATION - SCIENTISTS AT THE SALK INSTITUTE AND VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE BASIC SCIENCES HAVE FOUND THAT CELLS IN THE PANCREAS FORM NEW CELL TYPES TO MITIGATE INJURY, BUT ARE THEN SUSCEPTIBLE TO CANCEROUS MUTATIONS. THE RESEARCH, LED BY SALK PROFESSOR GEOFFREY WAHL AND VANDERBILT ASSISTANT PROFESSOR KATHY DELGIORNO, FORMER STAFF SCIENTIST IN THE WAHL LAB, WAS PUBLISHED ON OCTOBER 22, 2021 IN THE JOURNAL GASTROENTEROLOGY. [10/29/2021] SECRETS OF QUILLWORT PHOTOSYNTHESIS COULD BOOST CROP EFFICIENCY - THE HUMBLE QUILLWORTS ARE AN ANCIENT GROUP OF ABOUT 250 SMALL, AQUATIC PLANTS THAT HAVE LARGELY BEEN IGNORED BY MODERN BOTANISTS. NOW, SALK SCIENTISTS, ALONG WITH RESEARCHERS FROM THE BOYCE THOMPSON INSTITUTE, HAVE SEQUENCED THE FIRST QUILLWORT GENOME AND UNCOVERED SOME SECRETS OF THE PLANT'S UNIQUE METHOD OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS-SECRETS THAT COULD EVENTUALLY LEAD TO THE ENGINEERING OF CROPS WITH MORE EFFICIENT WATER USE AND CARBON CAPTURE TO ADDRESS CLIMATE CHANGE. THE FINDINGS WERE PUBLISHED ON NOVEMBER 3, 2021 IN NATURE COMMUNICATIONS. [11/3/2021] STUDY SHINES A LIGHT INTO "BLACK HOLES" IN THE ARABIDOPSIS GENOME - SALK SCIENTISTS, COLLABORATING WITH RESEARCHERS FROM THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE AND JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY, HAVE SEQUENCED THE GENOME OF THE WORLD'S MOST WIDELY USED MODEL PLANT SPECIES, ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA, AT A LEVEL OF DETAIL NEVER PREVIOUSLY ACHIEVED. THE STUDY, PUBLISHED IN SCIENCE ON NOVEMBER 12, 2021, REVEALS THE SECRETS OF ARABIDOPSIS CHROMOSOME REGIONS CALLED CENTROMERES. THE FINDINGS SHED LIGHT ON CENTROMERE EVOLUTION AND PROVIDES INSIGHTS INTO THE GENOMIC EQUIVALENT OF BLACK HOLES. [11/11/2021] READING THE MIND OF A WORM - IT SOUNDS LIKE A PARTY TRICK: SCIENTISTS CAN NOW LOOK AT THE BRAIN ACTIVITY OF A TINY WORM AND TELL YOU WHICH CHEMICAL THE ANIMAL SMELLED A FEW SECONDS BEFORE. BUT THE FINDINGS OF A NEW STUDY, LED BY SALK ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR SREEKANTH CHALASANI, ARE MORE THAN JUST A NOVELTY; THEY HELP THE SCIENTISTS BETTER UNDERSTAND HOW THE BRAIN FUNCTIONS AND INTEGRATES INFORMATION. THE WORK WAS PUBLISHED ON NOVEMBER 9, 2021, IN THE JOURNAL PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY. [11/19/2021] WHICH SIDE IS WHICH?: HOW THE BRAIN PERCEIVES BORDERS - SALK RESEARCHERS HAVE MADE HEADWAY INTO UNDERSTANDING HOW THE BRAIN DECIDES WHICH SIDE OF A VISUAL BORDER IS A FOREGROUND OBJECT AND WHICH IS BACKGROUND. THE RESEARCH, PUBLISHED ON NOVEMBER 30, 2021, IN THE JOURNAL ELIFE, SHEDS LIGHT ON HOW AREAS OF THE BRAIN COMMUNICATE TO INTERPRET SENSORY INFORMATION AND BUILD A PICTURE OF THE WORLD AROUND US. [11/30/2021] IMPROVING DRUG OPTIONS FOR COLORECTAL CANCER PATIENTS - PATIENTS WITH COLORECTAL CANCER WERE AMONG THE FIRST TO RECEIVE TARGETED THERAPIES. THESE DRUGS AIM TO BLOCK THE CANCER-CAUSING PROTEINS THAT TRIGGER OUT-OF-CONTROL CELL GROWTH WHILE SPARING HEALTHY TISSUES. 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RECONCILIATION OF REVENUE PER AUDITED FS WITH REVENUE PER RETURN PART XI, LINE 2D INVESTMENT RETURN IN EXCESS OF AMOUNT DESIGNATED FOR CURRENT OPERATIONS UNDER SPENDING POLICY $63,110,061, AND CHANGE IN VALUE OF DEFERRED GIFTS ($839,231). PART XI, LINE 4B FUNDRAISING EVENTS EXPENSES $903,144 AND ROUNDING ($1). Reconciliation of Expenses per Audited Financial Stmts w Expenses per Rtn PART XII, LINE 2D FUNDRAISING EVENTS EXPENSE $903,144 PART XII, LINE 4B ROUNDING $1. Europe (Including Iceland and Greenland) Program Services ATTENDED CONFERENCE 86832 North America Program Services ATTENDED CONFERENCE 11857 Central America and the Caribbean Program Services ATTENDED CONFERENCE 2036 East Asia and the Pacific Program Services ATTENDED CONFERENCE 3288 Middle East and North Africa Program Services ATTENDED CONFERENCE 11016 South America Program Services ATTENDED CONFERENCE 6900 North America Program Services SCIENTIFIC SUBCONTRACT 176220 Middle East and North Africa Program Services SCIENTIFIC SUBCONTRACT 33721 Central America and the Caribbean Investments 224899866 Europe (Including Iceland and Greenland) Investments 32818832 Sub-Saharan Africa Investments 13261751 North America Investments 1344799 272657118 272657118 true false true true true false NO. OF EMPLOYEES IN THE REGION PART I, LINE 3, COLUMN (C) SCIENTISTS TRAVEL TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES TO ATTEND CONFERENCES. WE DO NOT DEEM THESE ACTIVITIES TO CONSTITUTE WORKING IN THE REGION. 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NOT TAXABLE - ACCOUNTABLE PLAN. MARTIN HETZER PROFESSOR HOME LOAN X 400000 400000 false true true REUBEN SHAW PROFESSOR HOME LOAN X 700000 400629 false true true GERALD SHADEL PROFESSOR HOME LOAN X 300000 180000 false true true SUSAN KAECH PROFESSOR HOME LOAN X 300000 180000 false true true 1160629 X 36 1790218 MARKET VALUE false true false NUMBER OF CONTRIBUTIONS PART I, COLUMN B THE AMOUNT REPORTED IN THIS COLUMN REPRESENTS THE NUMBER OF CONTRIBUTIONS. GOVERNING BODY AND MANAGEMENT FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION A, LINES 1A, 6, 7A, 7B LINE 1A: THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE SHALL ADVISE AND AID THE OFFICERS OF THE CORPORATION IN ALL MATTERS CONCERNING ITS INTERESTS, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION ALL MATTERS RELATING TO COMPENSATION AND BENEFITS, AND SHALL POSSESS AND MAY EXERCISE, DURING THE INTERVALS BETWEEN THE MEETINGS OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES, ALL THE POWERS AND AUTHORITY OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF THE BUSINESS AND AFFAIRS OF THE CORPORATION, INCLUDING THE POWER TO AUTHORIZE THE CORPORATE SEAL TO BE AFFIXED TO ANY AND ALL DOCUMENTS WHICH MAY REQUIRE THE SAME TO BE AFFIXED THERETO, INSOFAR AS SUCH SEEMS TO THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE FOR THE BEST INTERESTS OF THE CORPORATION, IN ALL CASES IN WHICH SPECIFIC DIRECTIONS SHALL NOT HAVE BEEN GIVEN BY THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES, EXCEPT THAT THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE SHALL HAVE NO POWER TO ADOPT, AMEND, OR REPEAL THE BY-LAWS. LINE 6: MEMBERSHIP OF THE CORPORATION CONSISTS OF THE PERSONS ELECTED TO THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES AND THREE MEMBERS FROM AMONG THE RESIDENT AND NON-RESIDENT FELLOWS AND PROFESSORS CHOSEN AND ELECTED ANNUALLY BY THE RESIDENT AND NON-RESIDENT FELLOWS AND PROFESSORS. LINE 7A: THE MEMBERS OF THE CORPORATION ELECT THE TRUSTEES. LINE 7B: THE MEMBERS OF THE CORPORATION MAY ALTER, AMEND, OR REPEAL THE BY-LAWS BY VOTE. POLICIES FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINES 11B, 12C, 15A/B LINE 11B: THE FORM 990 IS PREPARED BY THE INSTITUTE, INTERNALLY REVIEWED BY THE CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER AND EXTERNALLY REVIEWED BY THE TAX DEPARTMENT OF A PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM. PRIOR TO ELECTRONIC FILING, A COPY OF THIS FORM 990 IS PROVIDED TO AND DISCUSSED IN THE EXECUTIVE SESSION OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES. LINE 12C: ANNUALLY, THE CONFLICT OF INTEREST DISCLOSURE STATEMENT IS SENT OUT FOR COMPLETION BY THE MEMBERS OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES, SENIOR MEMBERS OF ADMINISTRATION AND RESEARCHERS. THE DESIGNATED OFFICIAL FOR EACH GROUP REVIEWS THE COMPLETED FORMS AND BRINGS ANY POTENTIAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST TO THE RESPECTIVE COMMITTEES FOR REVIEW. UPON DETERMINATION THAT A CONFLICT OF INTEREST EXISTS, THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONS OR RESTRICTIONS MAY BE IMPOSED: A. MONITORING OF ACTIVITIES GENERATING THE CONFLICT BY ANOTHER MEMBER; B. DISQUALIFICATION FROM PARTICIPATION IN THE ACTIVITIES GIVING RISE TO THE CONFLICT; C. MODIFICATION OF RESPONSIBILITIES TO AVOID CONFLICTS; D. PUBLIC DISCLOSURE OR DIVESTITURE OF SIGNIFICANT FINANCIAL INTERESTS; E. MODIFICATION OF THE RESEARCH PLAN OR REMOVAL OF THE AFFECTED RESEARCHER FROM THE RESEARCH; F. SEVERANCE OF RELATIONSHIP THAT CREATES ACTUAL OR POTENTIAL CONFLICTS; G. TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT. LINE 15A/B:A COMPREHENSIVE MARKET ASSESSMENT WAS COMPLETED IN APRIL 2022 BY AN OUTSIDE CONSULTANT TO PROVIDE THE COMPENSATION COMMITTEE OF THE SALK BOARD OF TRUSTEES DATA FOR THE SALK PRESIDENT AND VICE-PRESIDENT ROLES. SALK'S PRESIDENT MADE A RECOMMENDATION TO THE COMPENSATION COMMITTEE TO INCREASE THE SALARIES OF THE VICE-PRESIDENTS BASED ON THIS DATA. THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES CONSIDERED THIS INPUT AND APPROVED THE INCREASES AS SUBMITTED. THE COMPENSATION COMMITTEE APPROVED AN INCREASE FOR THE SALK PRESIDENT BASED ON THE MARKET ASSESSMENT. DOCUMENTATION OF THESE CHANGES IN INCLUDED IN THE MINUTES OF THE APRIL 15, 2022 MEETING. DISCLOSURE FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION C, LINE 19 UPON REQUEST, THE OFFICE OF THE CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER MAKES AVAILABLE TO THE PUBLIC THE INSTITUTE'S GOVERNING DOCUMENTS AND CONFLICT OF INTEREST POLICY. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ARE AVAILABLE ON THE SALK WEBSITE. OTHER CHANGES IN NET ASSETS FORM 990, PART XI, LINE 9 POSTRETIREMENT BENEFIT CHANGES OTHER THAN NET PERIODIC BENEFIT COST - $1,247,016; CHANGE IN VALUE OF DEFERRED GIFTS $(839,231), AND ROUNDING $2. COMPENSATION OF DIRECTORS FORM 990, PART VII, DIRECTORS COMPENSATION - THE FOLLOWING INDIVIDUALS WERE COMPENSATED FOR THE FOLLOWING SERVICES AND NOT PAID AS TRUSTEES: FRED GAGE, PH.D. - PRESIDENT/PROFESSOR; JAN KARLSEDER, PH.D. - PROFESSOR; GERALD SHADEL, PH.D. - PROFESSOR; MARTYN GOULDING, PH.D. - PROFESSOR. SALK INSTITUTE COMMERCIAL SERVICES CORP 10010 N TORREY PINES ROAD LA JOLLA CA 920371002 232159172 MGMT SERVICES PA SALK INSTITUTE C 4 41134 1.00000 true CHARITABLE REMAINDER TRUSTS (5) SUPPORT CA NA TRUST false false false false false false false false false false false false false true true false true false false NONE