2025-04-22T08:28:47-05:00 2024-06-30 061667465 PRAGER METIS CPAS LLC 1951 KIDWELL DRIVE SUITE 200 TYSONS CORNER VA 22182 990 2023-07-01 953443202 THE CLAREMONT INSTITUTE FOR THE STUDY OF STATESMANSHIP & POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY CLAR 9099812200 PO BOX 39 CLAREMONT CA 91711 ROBERT H GRANSDEN JR CFO 9099812200 2025-04-22 1 0 HIN CHIU LO P00968200 7038210702 2025-04-21 2023 2025-03-06 01:10:19Z RYAN WILLIAMS PO BOX 39 CLAREMONT CA 91711 18912930 0 X WWW.CLAREMONT.ORG X 1979 WY SEE DESCRIPTION ON PART III, LINE 1. 19 15 56 0 17637 0 8025027 11867784 300229 537574 742184 742596 1616 5250 9069056 13153204 162500 126611 0 0 4852868 4937573 226202 223817 1916582 5002420 5268855 10243990 10556856 -1174934 2596348 11624405 14119685 1287126 897786 10337279 13221899 X THE MISSION OF THE CLAREMONT INSTITUTE IS TO RESTORE THE PRINCIPLES OF THE AMERICAN FOUNDING TO THEIR RIGHTFUL, PREEMINENT AUTHORITY IN OUR NATIONAL LIFE. 0 0 1836166 0 242888 CLAREMONT REVIEW OF BOOKS - OUR FLAGSHIP QUARTERLY PUBLICATION AIMS TO REAWAKEN IN AMERICAN POLITICS A STATESMANSHIP AND CITIZENSHIP WORTHY OF ITS NOBLEST POLITICAL TRADITIONS. 1640082 51950 8100 EDUCATIONAL FELLOWSHIPS - SEVERAL DIFFERENT EDUCATIONAL FELLOWSHIPS ENGAGE THE NEXT GENERATION OF YOUNG PROFESSIONALS IN A LIFE-LONG STUDY OF THE PRINCIPLES OF GOVERNMENT AND THEIR APPLICATION TO TODAY'S PUBLIC POLICIES. THESE INCLUDE THE LINCOLN, JOHN MARSHALL, SPEECHWRITERS, AND SHERIFF'S FELLOWSHIPS. THE PUBLIUS FELLOWSHIPS ARE PART OF THE HENRY SALVATORI PROGRAM FOR THE AMERICAN FOUNDING AND EXPENSES FOR THAT FELLOWSHIP IS ACCOUNTED FOR THERE. 1539794 0 CENTER FOR THE AMERICAN WAY OF LIFE - THE INSTITUTE'S OFFICE IN WASHINGTON, D.C. IS CHARGED WITH EDUCATING POLICY MAKERS, YOUNG PROFESSIONALS, AND INTELLECTUALS, AND FORMULATING A NEW POLICY FOR THE EMERGING NEW RIGHT. 817213 44000 9500 THE HENRY SALVATORI PROGRAM FOR THE AMERICAN FOUNDING AND SALVATORI PRIZE IN THE AMERICAN FOUNDING ARE ENDOWED BY THE LATE HENRY SALVATORI. THE ACTIVITIES OF THE THE HENRY SALVATORI PROGRAM FOR THE AMERICAN FOUNDING INCLUDE THE WORK OF OUR SALVATORI RESEARCH FELLOW IN THE AMERICAN FOUNDING AND OUR PUBLIUS FELLOWSHIP FOR RECENT COLLEGE GRADUATES. THE SALVATORI PRIZE IS GIVEN ANNUALLY TO A MAN OR WOMAN WHO HAS DISTINGUISHED HIMSELF OR HERSELF BY AN UNDERSTANDING OF, AND ACTIONS TAKEN TO PRESERVE AND FOSTER, THE PRINCIPLES UPON WHICH THE UNITED STATES WAS BUILT. 791901 THE AMERICAN MIND IS OUR ONLINE PUBLICATION DEDICATED APPLYING THE PRINCIPLES OF THE AMERICAN FOUNDING TO THEIR RIGHTFUL, PREEMINENT AUTHORITY IN OUR NATIONAL LIFE. 334694 THE CENTER FOR CONSTITUTIONAL JURISPRUDENCE SUPPORTS THE FILING OF LEGAL BRIEFS ADVANCING THE JURISPRUDENCE OF THE CONSTITUTION AND THE FOUNDING. IT SUPPORTS CONSTITUTIONAL LITIGATION. IT ALSO EDUCATES THE PUBLIC ON KEY MATTERS OF CONSTITUTIONAL LAW. 222392 STRATEGIC COMMUNICATION PROFESSIONALS WORK TO PROMOTE OURMESSAGE TO POLICYMAKERS, OPINION LEADERS AND THE GENERAL PUBLIC THROUGH WEBSITES, EVENTS ANDTHE MEDIA. 742752 30661 264699 OTHER EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS INCLUDE THE CONFERENCES, EVENTS, PUBLICATIONS, THE AMERICAN MILITARY PROJECT, THE TELOS PROGRAM, AND MORE. 2908952 74661 274199 7924994 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 165 0 1 56 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 X 19 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 AL AR CA FL GA HI IL KS KY MA MD MI MN MS NC NH NJ NM NY OR PA RI SC TN VA WI WV MO CT ND OK X X X ROBERT GRANSDENCFO 9099812200 PO BOX 39 CLAREMONT CA 91711 RYAN P WILLIAMS PRESIDENT AND DIRECTOR 40.00 X X 232940 0 22880 DR CHARLES KESLER DIRECTOR, CRB EDITOR 10.00 X 226877 0 0 DR JOHN EASTMAN DIRECTOR, SENIOR FELLOW 32.00 X 128003 0 27093 DR CHRIS FLANNERY DIRECTOR, CONTRIBUTING EDITOR 40.00 X 96822 0 23475 DR JOHN MARINI DIRECTOR, SENIOR FELLOW 1.00 X 7500 0 0 DR LARRY P ARNN DIRECTOR, VICE CHAIR 1.00 X 0 0 0 KEITH CARLSON DIRECTOR 1.00 X 0 0 0 ROY E CRUMMER DIRECTOR 1.00 X 0 0 0 DR ROBERT CURRY DIRECTOR 1.00 X 0 0 0 DR EDWARD J ERLER DIRECTOR, SENIOR FELLOW 1.00 X 0 0 0 JOEL H FARKAS DIRECTOR 1.00 X 0 0 0 JAMES E HIGGINS DIRECTOR 1.00 X 0 0 0 BRIAN T KENNEDY DIRECTOR, SENIOR FELLOW 1.00 X 0 0 0 THOMAS D KLINGENSTEIN DIRECTOR, CHAIR 1.00 X 0 0 0 DR LARRY G MATTSON DIRECTOR 1.00 X 0 0 0 ROBERT NELSON DIRECTOR 1.00 X 0 0 0 BRUCE C SANBORN DIRECTOR 1.00 X 0 0 0 DR THOMAS WEST DIRECTOR, SENIOR FELLOW 1.00 X 3000 0 0 MICHAEL MALONE DIRECTOR 1.00 X 0 0 0 ROBERT H GRANSDEN JR CFO 40.00 X 154386 0 45969 DANIEL PALM CORP SECRETARY(UNTIL 11/07/23) 1.00 X 4291 0 0 CHRISTINE BARTON VICE PRESIDENT OF OP & ADM 40.00 X 177377 0 14406 ARTHUR MILIKH EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR 40.00 X 197544 0 24403 LANISHA ALMARAZ DIRECTOR OF DEVELOPMENT 40.00 X 150287 0 25668 CHRISTOPHER CALDWELL CONTRIBUTING EDITOR 40.00 X 153980 0 43004 JAMES POULOS SENIOR EDITOR 40.00 X 155610 0 17492 MICHAEL ANTON SENIOR FELLOW 40.00 X 164282 0 17814 WILLIAM VOEGELI SENIOR EDITOR 40.00 X 144776 0 16623 ELIZABETH HANEY DIR OF MAJOR GIFTS 40.00 X 138957 0 13093 2136632 0 291920 20 0 1 0 MORGAN MEREDITH & ASSOCIATES 22780 INDIAN CREEK DR STE 100 DULLES VA 20166 PRINTING AND MAILING 292647 CHARLES KESLER PO BOX 39 CLAREMONT CA 91711 EDITOR, TEACHER 226877 EMISSARY RELATIONS LLC PO BOX 8110 RANCHO SANTA FE CA 92067 DEVELOPMENT CONSULTANT 201875 SCOTT YENOR 2133 E COMISKY ST MERIDIAN ID 83646 RESEARCH, WRITING 163692 CONSTITUTIONAL COUNSEL GROUP 1628 N MAIN ST 289 SALINAS CA 93906 LEGAL SERVICES 103902 5 505554 11362230 4211545 11867784 CONFERENCE INCOME 541800 267600 267600 PUBLICATIONS 541800 262279 244642 17637 FEES 541800 7695 7695 537574 221671 221671 6280651 5759726 520925 520925 520925 OTHER REVENUE 900099 5250 5250 5250 13153204 525187 17637 742596 X 32611 32611 94000 94000 1172116 734730 247945 189441 2958850 2282686 206353 469811 511238 411071 13382 86785 295369 218144 29757 47468 205878 158678 26082 21118 26075 26075 223817 223817 1464546 1325452 40109 98985 3676 3676 1039130 530303 30570 478257 419535 317728 27690 74117 349588 264342 3048 82198 1147420 1067099 6804 73517 30827 30827 20569 15441 1394 3734 81087 60612 5442 15033 HONORARIA 279335 268585 10750 MEALS AND SUBSISTENCE 156614 120162 5109 31343 DEVELOPMENT & PHOTOGRAP 19249 17001 2248 FEES 14316 2673 3683 7960 11010 11010 10556856 7924994 715280 1916582 685993 423517 335025 2625554 330985 135248 201753 169485 52836 32268 9259832 10454049 959734 449049 11624405 14119685 280842 312622 228015 202161 778269 383003 1287126 897786 X 4883595 6072237 5453684 7149662 10337279 13221899 11624405 14119685 X 2596348 415575 -127303 X X 0 1 X 1 0 X 5568392 8392413 8531030 8025027 11867784 42384646 5568392 8392413 8531030 8025027 11867784 42384646 17713347 24671299 210143 172081 214255 200241 221671 1018391 4915 3000 5350 1616 5250 20131 43423168 2136298 0.56820 0.55150 X SCHEDULE A, PART II, LINE 10, EXPLANATION OF OTHER INCOME: OTHER MISCELLANEOUS INCOME - 2019 AMOUNT: $ 4,915. 2020 AMOUNT: $ 3,000. 2021 AMOUNT: $ 5,350. 2022 AMOUNT: $ 1,616. 2023 AMOUNT: $ 5,250. RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED RESTRICTED 299604 299604 8640274 8939878 596994 149249 0 0 490460 568298 569939 596994 2225691 3338537 3944 91286 201093 299604 595927 122615 142075 142485 149249 556424 834636 PART II-B, LINE 1 THE FISCAL YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 2021 WAS THE YEAR IN WHICH THE ORGANIZATION MADE ITS FIRST SECTION 501(H) ELECTION. THAT ELECTION WAS NOT REVOKED DURING THE FISCAL YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 2024. 4159890 643914 119278 4684526 3856077 420313 116500 4159890 4390736 1185 -441294 94550 3856077 3717613 2207 756696 85780 4390736 2941104 596608 260141 80240 3717613 0.00000 0.62900 0.37100 0 0 59769 39306 20463 141984 130179 11805 32268 OPERATING LEASE LIABILITY 383003 383003 X 13441476 415575 -127303 288272 13153204 0 13153204 10556856 0 10556856 0 10556856 PART V, LINE 4: THE ORGANIZATION'S ENDOWMENT FUNDS ARE FOR THE HENRY SALVATORI PROGRAM FOR THE AMERICAN FOUNDING, THE HENRY SALVATORI PRIZE IN THE AMERICAN FOUNDING, THE JACK ROTH CHARITABLE FOUNDATION FELLOWSHIP FUND, PUBLIUS AND LINCOLN FELLOWSHIPS, SENIOR FELLOWS, AND GENERAL OPERATIONS. PART X, LINE 2: MANAGEMENT HAS EVALUATED THE INSTITUE'S TAX POSITIONS AND HAS CONCLUDED THAT THE INSTITUE HAS TAKEN NO UNCERTAIN TAX POSITIONS THAT REQUIRE ADJUSTMENT TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS. THERE WAS NO TAX LIABILITY FOR UNRELATED BUSINESS INCOME FOR THE YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 2024. PART XI, LINE 2D - OTHER ADJUSTMENTS: CHANGE IN VALUE OF CHARITABLE REMAINDER TRUST -127,303. PART XI, LINE 2D ONE OF OUR CHARITABLE REMAINDER TRUSTS DECREASED IN VALUE BY $127,303 . NORTH AMERICA - CANADA AND MEXICO, BUT NOT THE UNITED STATES 2 PROGRAM SERVICES JOURNALISM 101000 EUROPE (GERMANY, HUNGARY, IRELAND, ITALY AND UK) 8 PROGRAM SERVICES JOURNALISM 5650 EUROPE (UK) 1 PROGRAM SERVICES SUPPLIES 1366 EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFIC (AUSTRALIA) 1 PROGRAM SERVICES JOURNALISM 250 0 12 0 0 0 12 108266 0 108266 0 0 0 0 0 0 PART I, LINE 3: THE METHOD USED TO ACCOUNT FOR EXPENDITURES IS THE ACCRUAL METHOD. X X X X X 1 HSP DIRECT 20130 LAKEVIEW CENTER PLAZA STE 30 ASHBURN VA 20147 DIRECT MAIL 0 622094 80692 541402 EMISSARY RELATIONS LLC PO BOX 8110 RANCHO SANTA FE CA 92067 FUNDRAISING 0 0 143125 -143125 622094 223817 398277 AK AL AR CA CO CT DC FL GA HI IL KS KY LA MA MD ME MI MN MS MO NC ND NH NJ NM NV NY OH OK OR PA RI SC TN VA WA WI WV 1 PALM BEACH FREEDOM INSTITUTE 249 ROYAL PALM BEACH WAY SUITE 301 PALM BEACH FL 33480 863757978 501(C)(3) 10000 0 SUPPORT CIVIC EDUCATION AND CONSTITUTIONAL GOVERNMENT ART & LITERATURE FOUNDATION 300 INDEPENDENCE AVE SE WASHINGTON DC 200031021 934755885 501(C)(3) 5661 0 SUPPORT CIVIC EDUCATION AND CONSTITUTIONAL GOVERNMENT 2 JOHN MARSHALL FELLOWSHIPS 12 18000 THE HENRY SALVATORI PRIZE IN THE AMERICAN FOUNDING 1 44000 PUBLIUS FELLOWSHIPS 13 19500 SHERIFFS FELLOWSHIPS 8 12500 PART I, LINE 2: GRANTS ARE MONITORED BY THE INSTITUTE'S CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER. SCHEDULE I, PART III, COLUMN (A) THE HENRY SALVATORI PRIZE IN THE AMERICAN FOUNDING IS GIVEN ANNUALLY TO A MAN OR WOMAN WHO HAS DISTINGUISHED HIMSELF OR HERSELF BY AN UNDERSTANDING OF, AND ACTIONS TAKEN TO PRESERVE AND FOSTER, THE PRINCIPLES UPON WHICH THE UNITED STATES WAS BUILT. JOHN MARSHALL FELLOWSHIPS ARE AWARDED TO LAW STUDENTS OR NEW ATTORNEYS WHO SHOW EXCEPTIONAL POTENTIAL IN THE FIELD OF CONSTITUTIONAL LAW. THE JOHN MARSHALL FELLOWS SPEND APPROXIMATELY ONE WEEK WITH CLAREMONT INSTITUTE STAFF AND SCHOLARS LEARNING TO APPLY THE PRINCIPLES OF CONTEMPORARY JURISPRUDENCE. A $1,500 HONORARIUM IS AWARDED. PUBLIUS FELLOWSHIPS ARE AWARDED TO PROMISING YOUNG CONSERVATIVES TO STUDY THE DISTINCTIVE MORAL AND POLITICAL PRINCIPLES OF THE AMERICAN CONSTITUTIONAL ORDER. PUBLIUS FELLOWS SPEND APPROXIMATELY THREE WEEKS WITH CLAREMONT INSTITUTE STAFF AND SCHOLARS LEARNING TO APPLY THE PRINCIPLES OF THE AMERICAN FOUNDING. A $1,500 HONORARIUM IS AWARDED. SHERIFFS FELLOWSHIPS ARE AWARDED TO PARTICIPANTS TO STUDY THE DISTINCTIVE MORAL AND POLITICAL PRINCIPLES OF THE AMERICAN CONSTITUTIONAL ORDER. SHERIFFS FELLOWS SPEND APPROXIMATELY ONE WEEK WITH CLAREMONT INSTITUTE STAFF AND SCHOLARS LEARNING TO APPLY THE PRINCIPLES OF THE AMERICAN FOUNDING. A $1,500 HONORARIUM IS AWARDED. X X X 0 1 X X X X 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 RYAN P WILLIAMS PRESIDENT AND DIRECTOR 232940 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 22880 0 255820 0 0 0 DR CHARLES KESLER DIRECTOR, CRB EDITOR 226877 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 226877 0 0 0 ARTHUR MILIKH EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR 162544 0 35000 0 0 0 0 0 24403 0 221947 0 0 0 ROBERT H GRANSDEN JR CFO 154386 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45969 0 200355 0 0 0 CHRISTOPHER CALDWELL CONTRIBUTING EDITOR 153980 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 43004 0 196984 0 0 0 CHRISTINE BARTON VICE PRESIDENT OF OP & ADM 177377 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 14406 0 191783 0 0 0 MICHAEL ANTON SENIOR FELLOW 164282 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 17814 0 182096 0 0 0 LANISHA ALMARAZ DIRECTOR OF DEVELOPMENT 150287 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25668 0 175955 0 0 0 JAMES POULOS SENIOR EDITOR 155610 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 17492 0 173102 0 0 0 WILLIAM VOEGELI SENIOR EDITOR 144776 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 16623 0 161399 0 0 0 DR JOHN EASTMAN DIRECTOR, SENIOR FELLOW 128003 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 27093 0 155096 0 0 0 ELIZABETH HANEY DIR OF MAJOR GIFTS 118957 0 20000 0 0 0 0 0 13093 0 152050 0 0 0 PART I, LINE 1A THE ORGANIZATION PROVIDES SPOUSE/COMPANION TRAVEL IN RARE INSTANCES WHEN IT IS ADVANTAGEOUS TO THE ORGANIZATION FOR THAT SPOUSE/COMPANION TO BE PRESENT AT AN EVENT OR MEETING. THE ORGANIZATION PROVIDES FIRST CLASS TRAVEL IN RARE INSTANCES WHEN IT IS ADVANTAGEOUS TO THE ORGANIZATION OR UNUSUAL AMOUNTS OF TRAVEL ARE REQUESTED OF THE RELEVANT PERSONNEL. HOUSING ALLOWANCE IS GIVEN TO THE PRESIDENT AS PART OF HIS COMPENSATION. THIS WAS APPROVED BY THE BOARD'S COMPENSATION COMMITTEE. PART I, LINE 7 PERFORMANCE BONUS PAYMENT OF $35,000 TO ARTHUR MILIKH ARTHUR MILIKH DIRECTOR, CENTER FOR THE AMERICAN WAY OF LIFE 2940 CASH TUITION ASSISTANCE JOHN EASTMAN DIRECTOR, EMPLOYEE 107944 INDEPENDENT CONTRACTOR 0 PART V PAYMENTS TOTALING $107,944 WERE MADE TO CONSTITUTIONAL COUNSEL GROUP FOR LEGAL SERVICES DURING THE TAX YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 2024. DR. EASTMAN OWNS 50% OF CONSTITUTIONAL COUNSEL GROUP X 11 4211545 FMV 0 0 1 PART I, COLUMN (B): THE ORGANIZATION IS REPORTING THE NUMBER OF CONTRIBUTIONS RECEIVED IN COLUMN (B). PART I, LINE 32B: THIRD PARTY USED TO PROCESS NONCASH CONTRIBUTIONS, WHEN GIFTS OF PUBLICLY TRADED SECURITIES ARE RECEIVED. IT IS THE PRACTICE OF THE CLAREMONT INSTITUTE TO SELL THE SECURITIES AS SOON AS IS PRUDENT, USING A LICENSED BROKER. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 11B THE INFORMATIONAL RETURN IS PREPARED BY OUTSIDE ACCOUNTANTS AND PRESENTED TO THE AUDIT COMMITTEE. ONCE APPROVED BY THE AUDIT COMMITTEE THE RETURN IS THEN MADE AVAILABLE TO THE REST OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS PRIOR TO BEING FILED. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 12C THE CONFLICT OF INTEREST POLICY IS SIGNED EACH YEAR BY THE OFFICERS, DIRECTORS AND KEY EMPLOYEES OF THE INSTITUTE. THE CONFLICT OF INTEREST POLICY WAS MONITORED AND ENFORCED WITH AN ONGOING REVIEW OF VENDOR CONTRACTS. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION B, LINE 15A THE COMPENSATION OF THE CEO IS DETERMINED BY A COMPENSATION COMMITTEE OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS WHO COMPARE THE SALARIES OF OTHER LIKE-SIZED ORGANIZATIONS. PUBLICLY AVAILABLE DATA IS REVIEWED, AND SALARIES ARE NEGOTIATED BASED ON MARKET CONSIDERATIONS AND CONDITIONS. THE SALARIES OF OTHER OFFICERS AND OTHER KEY EMPLOYEES ARE DETERMINED BY THE CEO BASED ON COMPARABLE SALARIES OF THE LIKE-SIZED ORGANIZATIONS. PUBLICLY AVAILABLE DATA IS REVIEWED, AND SALARIES ARE NEGOTIATED BASED ON MARKET CONSIDERATIONS AND CONDITIONS. FOR CERTAIN OFFICERS AND SENIOR MANAGEMENT, THE COMPENSATION COMMITTEE MUST ALSO APPROVE THE SALARY RECOMMENDATIONS MADE BY THE CEO. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION C, LINE 18 FORM 990 IS AVAILABLE FOR PUBLIC INSPECTION ON WWW.GUIDESTAR.COM OR UPON REQUEST. FORM 990, PART VI, SECTION C, LINE 19 THE ORGANIZATION MAKES AVAILABLE UPON REQUEST THOSE DOCUMENTS WHICH WE ARE REQUIRED BY LAW TO DISCLOSE FORM 990, PART IX, LINE 11G CONSULTANT FEE: PROGRAM SERVICE EXPENSES 826,179. MANAGEMENT AND GENERAL EXPENSES 1,837. FUNDRAISING EXPENSES 1,921. TOTAL EXPENSES 829,937. OUTSIDE SERVICE: PROGRAM SERVICE EXPENSES 499,273. MANAGEMENT AND GENERAL EXPENSES 38,272. FUNDRAISING EXPENSES 97,064. TOTAL EXPENSES 634,609. FORM 990, PART XI, LINE 9: CHANGE IN VALUE OF CHARITABLE REMAINDER TRUSTS -127,303. FORM 990, PART XII, LINE 2C THE ORGANIZATION HAS NOT CHANGED EITHER ITS OVERSIGHT PROCESS OR SELECTION PROCESS DURING THE TAX YEAR.