{"slug":"recalls-connected","title":"Repeat recallers with federal food contracts or lobbyists","subtitle":"Recalled but Connected","definition":"Firms with at least three recalls that also sell food to the federal government, lobby it, or sponsor a political committee.","formula":"Value = the firm's recall reports. Federal food contracts = contract obligations from the Department of Agriculture and the Defense Logistics Agency (USAspending; contract years loaded so far); lobbying = spending on Lobbying Disclosure Act reports naming the firm as a client; PAC = it sponsors a federal political committee (FEC). Matched by normalized name and state. From FDA food enforcement reports (openFDA), every report since June 2012, and USDA FSIS meat, poultry and egg recalls since 2014; one FDA report per recalled product, so one recall event can cover several. Firms are grouped by name and state.","notes":[],"note":"Unusual is not the same as improper. Many of these patterns have ordinary explanations. 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